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Volumn 132, Issue 31, 2010, Pages 10692-10705

Investigation of the mechanism of C(sp3)-H bond cleavage in Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular alkane arylation adjacent to amides and sulfonamides

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARYLATIONS; CATALYTIC ACTIVITY; CONCENTRATION OF; DFT CALCULATION; GOOD YIELD; H-BONDS; KINETIC ISOTOPE EFFECTS; KINETIC STUDY; LEWIS BASICITY; LONE PAIR; METALATIONS; NITROGEN ATOM; REACTION INTERMEDIATE; REACTION MECHANISM; TRANSITION STATE;

EID: 77955405522     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: 15205126     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja103081n     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (244)

References (234)
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    • 3)-H bonds for C-C bond formation
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    • 3)-H bonds for C-C bond formation
    • 3)-H bonds for C-C bond formation
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    • 3)-H bonds for C-C bond formation
    • 3)-H bonds for C-C bond formation
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    • 3)-H bonds for C-C bond formation: Ruthenium
    • 3)-H bonds for C-C bond formation: Ruthenium Pastine, S. J., Gribkov, D. V., and Sames, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 14220
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    • Pastine, S.J.1    Gribkov, D.V.2    Sames, D.3
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    • 3)-H bonds for C-X bond formation
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    • 3)-H bonds for C-B bond formation
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    • 3)-H bond for C-Si bond formation
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    • 3)-H bonds for C-O bond formation
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    • 3)-H bonds for C-N bond formation
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    • 3)-H bonds for C-S bond formation
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    • 3)-H bonds
    • 3)-H bonds
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    • 3)-H bonds
    • 3)-H bonds
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    • For selected general reviews on catalytic transformations at C-H bonds for the formation of C-C and C-X bonds
    • For selected general reviews on catalytic transformations at C-H bonds for the formation of C-C and C-X bonds
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    • For selected reviews on catalytic transformations at C-H bonds for the formation of C-C bonds
    • For selected reviews on catalytic transformations at C-H bonds for the formation of C-C bonds
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    • 2)-H bonds
    • 2)-H bonds
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    • 2)-H bonds
    • 2)-H bonds
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    • 3)-H bonds involving an outer-sphere mechanism
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    • 3)-H bonds
    • 3)-H bonds
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    • 3)-H bonds
    • 3)-H bonds
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    • For selected reviews
    • For selected reviews
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    • 2)-H bonds
    • 2)-H bonds
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    • For a review on agostic interactions in transition metal compounds
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    • For examples utilizing Dykers methodology
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    • 3)-H bonds adjacent to nitrogen for the formation of C-C bonds, see ref 4 a,d,f. For metal-catalyzed transformations proceeding via a radical mechanism
    • 3)-H bonds adjacent to nitrogen for the formation of C-C bonds, see ref 4 a,d,f. For metal-catalyzed transformations proceeding via a radical mechanism
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    • For a review:
    • For a review:
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    • This pathway is indeed a well-known mechanism for the generation of Pd(0) from the reaction of Pd(II) precatalysts with triethylamine in other traditional cross-coupling reactions. As well, the undesired dehalogenation of aryl halides via this mechanism has been previously documented in the development of palladium-catalyzed aryl amination reactions as well as other palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling processes. See
    • This pathway is indeed a well-known mechanism for the generation of Pd(0) from the reaction of Pd(II) precatalysts with triethylamine in other traditional cross-coupling reactions. As well, the undesired dehalogenation of aryl halides via this mechanism has been previously documented in the development of palladium-catalyzed aryl amination reactions as well as other palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling processes. See
  • 205
    • 77955343397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A signal (s) at 45 ppm was observed for the corresponding N -(2-bromobenzyl)- N -dimethylamine derived complex, see
    • A signal (s) at 45 ppm was observed for the corresponding N -(2-bromobenzyl)- N -dimethylamine derived complex, see
  • 207
    • 77955408607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Under reaction conditions previously reported by our group for alkane arylation of these types of ethers, substrate 3 is converted to 2,2-dialkyldihydrobenzofuran 5 in 97% yield and 6 is converted to 7 in 91% yield (see ref 3j).
    • Under reaction conditions previously reported by our group for alkane arylation of these types of ethers, substrate 3 is converted to 2,2-dialkyldihydrobenzofuran 5 in 97% yield and 6 is converted to 7 in 91% yield (see ref 3j).
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    • The nature of the intrinsic difference in reactivity of pivalate vs acetate additives remains ellusive at this time. The significant decrease in yield when acetic acid is used instead of pivalic acid as an additive in Pd(0)-catalyzed transformations at C-H bonds has been previously observed (see refs 3j and 21f,k). Efforts are underway to further understand these observations.
    • The nature of the intrinsic difference in reactivity of pivalate vs acetate additives remains ellusive at this time. The significant decrease in yield when acetic acid is used instead of pivalic acid as an additive in Pd(0)-catalyzed transformations at C-H bonds has been previously observed (see refs 3j and 21f,k). Efforts are underway to further understand these observations.
  • 209
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    • 1H NMR time scale.
    • 1H NMR time scale.
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    • The larger KIE value for intermolecular vs intramolecular competitions is atypical and is not fully understood at this time although errors on side-by-side intermolecular competitions are intrinsically larger due to the nature of the experiment. In any case, the conclusion of a rate-limiting C-H bond cleaving event remains.
    • The larger KIE value for intermolecular vs intramolecular competitions is atypical and is not fully understood at this time although errors on side-by-side intermolecular competitions are intrinsically larger due to the nature of the experiment. In any case, the conclusion of a rate-limiting C-H bond cleaving event remains.
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    • See Supporting Information for further details on kinetic experiments.
    • See Supporting Information for further details on kinetic experiments.
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    • For selected mechanistic studies on oxidative addition of Pd(0) to aryl halides
    • For selected mechanistic studies on oxidative addition of Pd(0) to aryl halides
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    • For selected mechanistic studies on reductive elimination for C-C bond formation
    • For selected mechanistic studies on reductive elimination for C-C bond formation
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    • A 10-fold amount of carbonate and pivalate were used to mimic the relative base/palladium ratios that are found under the standard catalytic conditions. See Supporting Information for further experimental details.
    • A 10-fold amount of carbonate and pivalate were used to mimic the relative base/palladium ratios that are found under the standard catalytic conditions. See Supporting Information for further experimental details.
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    • revision C.02; Gaussian, Inc.: Wallingford, CT.
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    • 3 and pivalate as acetate to minimize computational costs.
    • 3 and pivalate as acetate to minimize computational costs.
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    • 3)-H bond cleavage is involved in the rate-determining step (Section 2.1).
    • 3)-H bond cleavage is involved in the rate-determining step (Section 2.1).


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.