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Volumn 128, Issue 51, 2006, Pages 16496-16497

Palladium-catalyzed benzene arylation: Incorporation of catalytic pivalic acid as a proton shuttle and a key element in catalyst design

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BENZENE; PALLADIUM; PIVALIC ACID;

EID: 33845938814     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja067144j     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (899)

References (36)
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    • For recent reviews, see the following: (a) Kakiuchi, F.; Murai, S. Acc. Chem. Res. 2002, 35, 826.
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    • For recent examples involving metallacyclic intermediates, see: a
    • For recent examples involving metallacyclic intermediates, see: (a) Daugulis, O.; Zaitsev, V. G. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 4046.
    • (2005) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed , vol.44 , pp. 4046
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    • For recent advances with electron-rich heterocycles, see: a
    • For recent advances with electron-rich heterocycles, see: (a) Lane, B. S.; Brown, M. A.; Sames, D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 8050.
    • (2005) J. Am. Chem. Soc , vol.127 , pp. 8050
    • Lane, B.S.1    Brown, M.A.2    Sames, D.3
  • 17
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    • For recent examples of intramolecular reactions with simple arenes, see: a
    • For recent examples of intramolecular reactions with simple arenes, see: (a) Campeau, L.-C.; Parisien, M.; Jean, A.; Fagnou, K.; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 581.
    • (2006) J. Am. Chem. Soc , vol.128 , pp. 581
    • Campeau, L.-C.1    Parisien, M.2    Jean, A.3    Fagnou, K.4
  • 21
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    • We have previously observed a poisoning effect on direct arylation by the presence of iodide salts see ref 6a
    • We have previously observed a poisoning effect on direct arylation by the presence of iodide salts (see ref 6a).
  • 22
    • 0034127063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In polar media, an excess of anionic ligands could result in the formation of palladate species which may prevent the arene from binding and achieving C-H bond cleavage. For a discussion of palladates in cross-coupling reactions, see
    • In polar media, an excess of anionic ligands could result in the formation of palladate species which may prevent the arene from binding and achieving C-H bond cleavage. For a discussion of palladates in cross-coupling reactions, see: Amatore, C.; Jutand, A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2000, 33, 314.
    • (2000) Acc. Chem. Res , vol.33 , pp. 314
    • Amatore, C.1    Jutand, A.2
  • 23
    • 0034286415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • We differentiate these reactions from arylations with aryl radicals whose generation is catalyzed by metals, see: (a) Mukhopadhyay, S, Rothenberg, G, Gitis, D, Baidossi, M, Ponde, D. E, Sasson, Y. J. Chem. Soc, Perkin Trans. 2 2000, 1809
    • We differentiate these reactions from arylations with aryl radicals whose generation is catalyzed by metals, see: (a) Mukhopadhyay, S.; Rothenberg, G.; Gitis, D.; Baidossi, M.; Ponde, D. E.; Sasson, Y. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 2000, 1809.
  • 26
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    • The choice of ligand is less crucial than the choice of base and additive. This will be discussed further in a full account of this work
    • The choice of ligand is less crucial than the choice of base and additive. This will be discussed further in a full account of this work.
  • 28
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    • Larock has employed CsOPiv as a stoichiometric base for migratory processes (ref 6b). Here, the use of Cs salts results in inferior outcomes as we have observed elsewhere (ref 6a).
    • Larock has employed CsOPiv as a stoichiometric base for migratory processes (ref 6b). Here, the use of Cs salts results in inferior outcomes as we have observed elsewhere (ref 6a).
  • 29
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    • These byproducts account for the remainder of the converted mass balance in approximately equal measure. The percent conversion is based on the amount of aryl bromide consumed during the reaction
    • These byproducts account for the remainder of the converted mass balance in approximately equal measure. The percent conversion is based on the amount of aryl bromide consumed during the reaction.
  • 30
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    • 3 had dissolved.
    • 3 had dissolved.
  • 31
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    • See Supporting Information for experimental details
    • See Supporting Information for experimental details.
  • 36
    • 33845930574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B3LYP density-functional theory calculations were performed with the Jaguar 6.0 package with the LACV3P+** basis set and pseudopotential combination of Jaguar. Full details are provided in the Supporting Information
    • B3LYP density-functional theory calculations were performed with the Jaguar 6.0 package with the LACV3P+** basis set and pseudopotential combination of Jaguar. Full details are provided in the Supporting Information.


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