Current and novel approaches to the drug treatment of schizophrenia

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry

Volumn 44, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 477-501

  Rowley, M ^a,b   Bristow, L J ^a,c   Hutson, P H ^a  

^a NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH CENTRE   (United Kingdom)

^b IRBM   (Italy)

^c MERCK RESEARCH LABORATORIES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

1 (1,4 BENZODIOXAN 6 YL) 4 (2 INDANYLMETHYL)PIPERAZINE; 2 [[1 (7 CHLORO 4 QUINOLINYL) 5 (2,6 DIMETHOXYPHENYL) 3 PYRAZOLYL]CARBONYLAMINO] 2 ADAMANTANECARBOXYLIC ACID; 2 ETHYL 8 METHYL 2,8 DIAZASPIRO[4.5]DECANE 1,3 DIONE; 3 [[4 (4 CHLOROPHENYL) 1 PIPERAZINYL]METHYL] 1H PYRROLO[2,3 B]PYRIDINE; 4 AMINO 2 OXABICYCLO[3.1.0]HEXANE 4,6 DICARBOXYLIC ACID; 7 (4 FLUOROPHENOXYMETHYL) 2 (5 FLUORO 2 PYRIMIDINYL) 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,9A OCTAHYDROPYRIDO[1,2 A]PYRAZINE; ALPHA (2,3 DIMETHOXYPHENYL) 1 [2 (4 FLUOROPHENYL)ETHYL] 4 PIPERIDINEMETHANOL; AMPHETAMINE; APOMORPHINE; APREPITANT; BUFOTENINE; CHLORPROMAZINE; CLOZAPINE; DIZOCILPINE; DOPAMINE; EGLUMETAD; EPLIVANSERIN; FANANSERIN; GLEMANSERIN; HALOPERIDOL; IFENPRODIL; L 741742; MAZAPERTINE; MESCALINE; MIANSERIN; MILACEMIDE; NERVE CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; NEUROTENSIN; NICOTINIC RECEPTOR; NITRIC OXIDE; ORG 24598; OSANETANT; PD 172938; PERGOLIDE; PILOCARPINE; QUINPIROLE; REMOXIPRIDE; RITANSERIN; SENKTIDE; SEROTONIN; SERTINDOLE; SONEPIPRAZOLE; TRAXOPRODIL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ZIPRASIDONE;

HYPOTHESIS; INCIDENCE; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; TREATMENT PLANNING;

ANIMALS; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; DOPAMINE ANTAGONISTS; ENZYME INHIBITORS; EXCITATORY AMINO ACID ANTAGONISTS; HUMANS; MICE; MICE, TRANSGENIC; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; RECEPTOR, SEROTONIN, 5-HT2A; RECEPTORS, AMPA; RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2; RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D4; RECEPTORS, METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE; RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; RECEPTORS, NEUROTENSIN; RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEROTONIN ANTAGONISTS;

EID: 0035865838     PISSN: 00222623     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jm0002432     Document Type: Review

References (284)

1. The neuropathology of schizophrenia. A critical review of the data and their interpretation
2. Thalamic abnormalities in schizophrenia visualised through magnetic resonance image averaging
3. Hippocampal volume reduction in schizophrenia as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging: A meta-analytic study
4. Brain abnormality in schizophrenia. A systematic and quantitative review of volumetric magnetic resonance imaging studies
5. A functional neuroanatomy of hallucinations in schizophrenia
6. Activation of Heschl's gyrus during auditory hallucinations
7. Genetic basis of schizophrenia
8. At Issue: Genes, experience and chance in schizophrenia- positioning for the 21st century
9. The molecular genetics of schizophrenia
10. Preliminary study on early onset schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Large polyglutamine expansions are not involved
11. No evidence for expanded polyglutamine sequences in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
12. Polyglutamine-containing proteins in schizophrenia
13. Blockade of NMDA receptors and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain
14. Chronic phencyclidine induces behavioural sensitisation and apototic cell death in the olfactory and piriform cortex
15. Phencyclidine and corticosteroids induce apoptosis of a subpopulation of striatal neurones: A neural substrate for psychosis
16. Effect of chlorpromazine and haloperidol on formation of methoxytyramine and normetanephrine in mouse brain
17. Dopamine receptor binding predicts clinical and pharmacological potencies of antischizophrenic drugs
18. Single photon emission computerized tomography imaging of amphetamine-induced dopamine release in drug free schizophrenic subjects
19. A biochemical and pharmacological suggestion about certain mental disorders
20. 2A receptor mRNAs and binding site densities are differentially altered in schizophrenia
21. Alterations in the cortical serotonergic system in schizophrenia: A postmortem study
22. 2 receptor occupancy studies and clinical response
23. Classification of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on the basis of dopamine D-1, D-2 and serotonin2 pKi values
24. The ratios of serotonin-2 and dopamine-2 affinities differentiate atypical and typical antipsychotics drugs
25. 2 dopamine receptor occupancy induced by olanzapine in healthy subjects
26. 123I IBZM single photon emission tomography (SPECT) study
27. 2 receptor occupancy of olanzapine in schizophrenia: A PET investigation
28. 11C-raclopride
29. A new framework for investigating antipsychotic action in humans: Lessons from PET imaging
30. Schizophrenia and glutamate transmission
31. Glutamate receptors and schizophrenia: Opportunities and caveats
32. Glycine site agonists of the NMDA receptor: A review
33. Low cerebrospinal fluid glutamate in schizophrenic patients and a new hypothesis on schizophrenia
34. Cerebrospinal fluid glutamate inversely correlates with positive symptom severity in unmedicated male schizophrenic/schizoaffective patients
35. Deficient NMDA-mediated glutamate release from synaptosomes of schizophrenics
36. NR2B containing NMDA receptors are up-regulated in temporal cortex in schizophrenia
37. Increases in strychnine-insensitive glycine binding sites in cerebral cortex of chronic schizophrenics: Evidence for glutamate hypothesis
38. Excitatory amino acidergic neurones in chronic schizophenic brain
39. Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist ketamine in humans
40. Comparison of phencyclidine hydrochloride (sernyl) with other drugs: Simulation of schizophrenic performance with sernyl, LSD 25 and amylobarbital (Amytal) sodium 1 attention, motor function and proprioception
41. Inhibition of d-amphetamine-induced locomotor activity by injection of haloperidol into the nucleus accumbens of the rat
42. Differential effects of classical and newer antipsychotics on the hypermotility induced by two dose levels of d-amphetamine
43. 2A sites for PCP-induced locomotion in the rat
44. 2A antagonist with a favorable CNS safety profile
45. Blockade of phencyclidine-induced hyperlocomotion by olanzapine, clozapine and serotonin receptor subtype selective antagonists is mice
46. 2A receptors
47. Distinct effects of d-amphetamine and phencyclidine on the social behaviour of rats
48. Phencyclidine-induced stereotyped behaviour and social isolation in the rat: A possible animal model of schizophrenia
49. Effect of novel antipsychotic drugs on phencyclidine-induced stereotyped behaviour and social isolation in the rat social interaction test
50. Enhancement of immobility in a forced swimming test by subacute or repeated treatment with phencyclidine; a new model of schizophrenia
51. Effects of antidepressants on phencyclidine-induced enhancement of immobility in a forced swimming test in mice
52. Mice with reduced NMDA receptor expression display behaviours related to schizophrenia
53. Behavioural studies of hallucinogenic drugs in animals: Implications for schizophrenia research
54. Dopaminergic stimulation disrupts sensorimotor gating in the rat
55. A D2 dopamine receptor agonist disrupts sensorimotor gating in rats: Implications for dopaminergic abnormalities in schizophrenia
56. Apomorphine disrupts the inhibition of acoustic startle induced by weak prepulses in rats
57. Effects of phencyclidine and phencyclidine biologs on sensorimotor gating in the rat
58. Prepulse inhibition as a screening test for potential antipsychotics
59. Failure of haloperidol to block the effects of phencyclidine and dizocilpine on prepulse inhibition of startle
60. Clozapine antagonises phencyclidine-induced deficits in sensorimotor gating of the startle response
61. Antagonism of phencyclidine-induced deficits in prepulse inhibition by the putative atypical antipsychotic olanzapine
62. Quetiapine restores sensorimotor gating in phencyclidine-treated rats
63. Isolation rearing of rats produces a deficit in prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle similar to that in schizophrenia
64. Dopaminergic and serotonergic function following isolation rearing in rats: Study of behavioural responses and postmortem and in vivo neurochemistry
65. Examination of drug-induced and isolation-induced disruptions of prepulse inhibition as models to screen antipsychotic drugs
66. Reversal of isolation rearing-induced deficits in prepulse inhibition by quetiapine and olanzapine
67. The acute effects of antidepressant drugs on the performance of conditioned avoidance behaviour in rats
68. Effects of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on two-way active avoidance. Relationship to DA receptor blocking profile
69. General pharmacology of clozapine
70. Risperidone: A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic potential in the treatment of schizophrenia
71. The behavioural pharmacology of olanzapine a novel "atypical" antipsychotic agent
72. Ziprasidone (CP-88,059): A new antipsychotic with combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity
73. Catalepsy as a rodent model for detecting antipsychotic drugs with extrapyramidal side effect liability
74. The pharmacological and anatomical substrates of the amphetamine response in the rat
75. Amphetamine and apomorphine responses in the rat following 6-OHDA lesions of the nucleus accumbens septi and corpus striatum
76. Induction of oral stereotypy following amphetamine microinjection into a discrete subregion of the striatum
77. The atypical neuroleptic profile of the glycine/N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist; L-701,324 in rodents
78. Antipsychotic drugs stimulate prolactin release
79. Postpubertal emergence of hyperresponsiveness to stress and to amphetamine after neonatal excitotoxic hippocampal damage: A potential animal model of schizophrenia
80. Enhancement of postsynaptic sensitivity to dopaminergic agonists induced by neonatal hippocampal lesions
81. Neonatal excitotoxic hippocampal damage in rats causes post-pubertal changes in prepulse inhibition of startle and its disruption by apomorphine
82. Neonatal lesions of the rat ventral hippocampus result in hyperlocomotion and effects in social behaviour in adulthood
83. Cognitive effects of neonatal hippocampal lesions in a rat model of schizophrenia
84. Neonatal hippocampal lesions induced hyperresponsiveness to amphetamine: Behavioural and in vivo microdialysis studies
85. Alterations of the dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in adult rats with postnatal ibotenic acid hippocampal lesion
86. Subchronic treatment with haloperidol and clozapine in rats with neonatal excitotoxic hippocampal damage
87. Limbic-cortical neuronal damage and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia
88. Quantitative autoradiographic analysis of glutamate binding sites in the hippocampal formation and schizophrenic brain post-mortem
89. Schizophrenia-like hippocampal neuropathy in rats: Enhanced sensitivity to stress d-amphetamine and MK-801
90. Kainic acid decreases hippocampal neuronal number and increases dopamine receptor binding in the nucleus accumbens: An animal model of schizophrenia
91. The effects of kainic acid lesions on dopaminergic responses to haloperidol and clozapine
92. Selective in vitro blockade of neuroepithelial cells proliferation by methylazoxymethanol acetate a molecule capable of inducing long lasting functional impairments
93. Excitatory amino acid receptors in brains of rats with methylazoxymethanol-induced microencephaly
94. Seizure susceptibility in immature rats with microencephaly induced by prenatal exposure to methylazoxymethanol acetate
95. Potentiating effects of methamphetamine on the hyperactivity of microencephalic rats treated prenatally with methylazoxymethanol: Possible implication of hyperdopaminergia
96. Methylazoxymethanol acetate-induced abnormalities in the entorhinal cortex of the rat: Parallels with morphological findings in schizophrenia
97. Prenatal methylazoxymethanol acetate alters behaviour and brain NGF levels in young rats: A possible correlation with the development of schizophrenia-like deficits
98. Social interaction and sensorimotor gating abnormalities in mice lacking Dvl1
99. NCAM-180 knockout mice display increased ventricle size and reduced prepulse inhibition of startle
100. Genetic deletion of a neural cell adhesion molecule variant (N-CAM-180) produces distinct deficits in the central nervous system
101. The phenotypic characteristics of heterozygous reeler mouse
102. Reeler: New tales on an old mutant mouse
103. The reeler gene: A clue to brain development and evolution
104. Hyperprolactinaemia in antipsychotic treated patients
105. Clozapine: A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in patients with schizophrenia who are unresponsive to or intolerant of classical antipsychotic agents
106. Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic
107. Treatment-resistant schizophrenia - The role of clozapine
108. Clozapine: A comparison with other novel antipsychotics
109. The effects of clozapine on cognitive functioning in schizophrenia
110. Pharmacology of Risperidone (R 64 766) a new antipsychotic with serotonin-s2 and dopamine-d2 antagonistic properties
111. Olanzepine: A new antipsychotic agent with efficacy in the management of schizophrenia
112. Quetiapine a review of its use in schizophrenia
113. Ziprasidone
114. Zotepine: A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy in the management of schizophrenia
115. Iloperidone: Preclinical profile and early clinical evaluation
116. Sertindole (serdolect): Preclinical and clinical findings of a new atypical antipsychotic
117. Do novel antipsychotics have similar pharmacological characteristics? A review of the evidence
118. Risperidone compared with new and reference antipsychotic drugs - In vitro and in vivo receptor binding
119. Adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs
120. Novel antipsychotics: Comparison of weight gain liabilities
121. Focus on Olanzapine
122. Kr potassium channel
123. The QT interval and the atypical antipsychotic, sertindole
124. The antipsychotic agent sertindole is a high affinity antagonist of the human cardiac potassium channel hERG
125. N-Substituted (2,3-dihydro-l,4-benzodioxin-2-yl)methylamine derivatives as D2 antagonists/5-HT1a partial agonists with potential as atypical antipsychotic agents
126. A new arylpiperazine antipsychotic with high D2/D3/5-HT1A/α1A-Adrenergic affinity and a low potential for extrapyramidal effects
127. Novel antipsychotics with unique D2/5-HT1A affinity and minimal ext a low potential for extrapyramidal effects
128. Incremental dosage of the new antipsychotic mazapertine induces tolerance to cardiovascular and cognitive effects in healthy men
129. 3) as a target for neuroleptics
130. 4 receptor with high affinity for the antipsychotic Clozapine
131. 4
132. 4 receptors elevated in schizophrenia
133. 3H]nemonapride and [125I]epidepride
134. 4 dopamine receptors in postmortem striatum from patients with schizophrenia
135. 3H]raclopride is increased in schizophrenia
136. 4 receptors increased in schizophrenia?
137. 4 receptors in drug-treated schizophrenia
138. 3H]raclopride for dopamine D-2 receptor binding to rat striatum
139. 3H]nemonopride
140. 2A receptors in primate cerebral cortex
141. 3H]NGD-94-1 study
142. 4 receptors
143. NGD 94-1: Identification of a novel high-affinity antagonist at the human dopamine D4 receptor
144. (S)-(-)-4-[4-[2-(Isochroman-1-yl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide a selective dopamine D4 antagonist
145. Pharmacological characterization of U-101387 a dopamine D4 receptor selective antagonist
146. Isoindolinone enantiomers having affinity for the dopamine D4 receptor
147. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of chromen-2-ones as potent and selective human dopamine D4 antagonists
148. 4 receptors: An in vitro and in vivo comparison with L-745,870 (3-(4-[4-chlorophenyl]piperazin-1-yl)methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3b]pyridine) and raclopride
149. 4 receptor antagonist
150. Atom pairs as molecular features in structure-activity studies: Definition and applications
151. 4-Heterocyclylpiperidines as selective high-affinity ligands at the human dopamine D4 receptor
152. 3-(1-Piperazinyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[g]indazoles: High affinity ligands for the human dopamine D4 receptor with improved selectivity over ion channels
153. 1-(3-Cyanobenzylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-methyl-4-phenyl- 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-one: A selective high-affinity antagonist for the human dopamine D4 receptor with excellent selectivity over ion channels
154. 3-[[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine: An antagonist with high affinity and selectivity for the human dopamine D4 receptor
155. Biological profile of L-745,870 a selective antagonist with high-affinity for the dopamine D4 receptor
156. Human D2 and D4 dopamine receptors couple through βγ G-protein subunits to inwardly rectifying K+ channels (GIRK1) in a Xenopus oocyte expression system: Selective antagonism by L-741,626 and L-745,870 respectively
157. The agonist activities of the putative antipsychotic agents L-745,870 and U-101958 in HEK293 cells expressing the human dopamine D4. 4 receptor
158. 4. 4 receptors expressed in CHO cells
159. 4 receptor antagonists reverse apomorphine-induced blockade of prepulse inhibition
160. 4, receptor subtype is essential for the disruption of prepulse inhibition produced by amphetamine in mice
161. 4 dopamine receptor antagonist (L-745,870) in acutely psychotic inpatients with schizophrenia
162. 3H] MDL 100,907
163. [2-(ω-phenylalkyl)phenoxy]alkylamines: Synthesis and dual dopamine2 (D2) and 5-Hydroxytrpytamine (5-HT2) Receptor Antagonistic Activity
164. Syntheses and platelet aggregation inhibitory and antithrombotic properties of [2-[(ω-Aminoalkoxy)phenyl]benzenes
165. Biochemical and pharmacological properties of SR 46349B, a new potent and selective 5-hydroxytryptamine2 receptor antagonist
166. Naphthosultam derivatives: A new class of potent and selective 5-HT2 antagonists
167. The naphthosultam derivative RP 62203 (fananserin) has high affinity for the dopamine D4 receptor
168. 2 Antagonists: A concept for the treatment of schizophrenia
169. Development of a receptor-interaction model for serotonin 5-HT2 receptor antagonists. Predicting selectivity with respect to dopamine d2 receptors
170. Ketanserin analogues: Structure-affinity relationships for 5-HT2 and 5-HT1C serotonin receptor binding
171. Ketanserin analogues: The effect of structural modification on 5-HT2 serotonin receptor binding
172. Antiarrhythmic and electrophysiologic effects of MDL 11,939 a novel class III antiarrhythmic agent in anesthetized dogs
173. Efficacy trial of the 5-HT2 antagonist MDL 11,939 in patients with generalized anxiety disorder
174. Investigation of the CNS penetration of a potent 5-HT2a receptor antagonist (MDL 100,907) and an active metabolite (MDL 105,725) using in vivo microdialysis sampling in the rat
175. Blockade of phencyclidine-induced hyperlocomotion by olanzapine, clozapine and serotonin receptor subtype selective antagonists in mice
176. 2A receptor antagonist MDL 100,907 attenuates the behavioural and neurochemical effects of PCP in rodents
177. Blockade of striatal 5-hydroxytryptamine2 receptors reduces the increase in extracellular concentrations of dopamine produced by the amphetamine analogue 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
178. 2A receptor antagonist MDL 100,907 on MDMA-induced locomotor stimulation in rats
179. 2 receptor antagonist MDL 100,907 as a putative atypical antipsychotic: Behavioural electrophysiological and neurochemical studies
180. 2A receptor antagonist and putative antipsychotic blocks dizocilpine-induced prepulse inhibition deficits in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats
181. Time course of 5-HT2A receptor occupancy in the human brain after a single oral dose of the putative antipsychotic drug MDL 100,907 measured by positron emission tomography
182. High 5HT2A receptor occupancy in M100907-treated schizophrenic patients
183. 2A antagonist for treatment of schizophrenia: Early indication of safety and clinical activity in schizophrenic patients
184. 2A antagonist fananserin in the treatment of schizophrenia
185. Pharmacological characterization of RP 62203 a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-HT2 receptor antagonist
186. Binding of typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs to multiple neurotransmitter receptors
187. Develomental and regional expression pattern of a novel NMDA receptor-like subunit (NMDAR-L) in the rodent brain
188. -1: A developmentally regulated member of a novel class of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family
189. The glycine binding site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NRI: Identification of novel determinants of co-agonist potentiation in the extracellular M3-M4 loop region
190. A regulatory domain (R1-R2) in the amino terminus of the N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptor effects of spermine protons and ifenprodil and structural similarity to bacterial leucine/isoleucine/valine binding protein
191. Ifenprodil discriminates subtypes of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor: Selectivity and mechanisms at recombinant heteromeric receptors
192. Glycine in the treatment of schizophrenia
193. Amelioration of negative symptoms in schizophrenia by glycine
194. Effect of Clozapine and adjunctive high dose glycine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia
195. An open-label trial of milacemide in schizophrenia: An NMDA intervention strategy
196. D-Cycloserine increases positive symptoms in chronic schizophrenic patients when administered in addition to antipsychotics: A double blind parallel placebo controlled study
197. Glycine site agonists of the NMDA receptor: A review
198. Effect of milacemide on extracellular and tissue concentrations of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in rat frontal cortex
199. Cloning and expression of a spinal cord and brain specific glycine transporter with novel structural features
200. Cellular expression of glycine transporter 2 messenger RNA exclusively in rat hind brain and spinal cord
201. Cloning expression and localisation of a rat brain high affinity glycine transporter
202. Glycine transporters are differentially expressed among CNS cells
203. Modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function by glycine transport
204. Glycyldodecylamide a phencyclidine behavioural antagonist blocks cortical glycine uptake. Implication for schizophrenia and substance abuse
205. Reversal of phencyclidine-induced hyperactivity by glycine and the glycine uptake inhibitor glycyldodecylamide
206. Effect of ORG 24598 on glycine levels in brain regions of freely moving rats
207. Metabotropic glutamate receptor mRNA expression in the basal ganglia of the rat
208. Metabotropic glutamate receptor activation produces extrapyramidal motor system activation that is mediated by striatal dopamine
209. Microinfusion of the metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist 1S,3R-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxyhc acid into the nucleus accumbens induces dopamine dependent locomotor activation in rat
210. Persistent increase in dopamine release following activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors in the rat nucleus accumbens
211. The regulation of dopamine transmission by metabotropic glutamate receptors
212. The metabotropic glutamate 2/3 receptor agonists LY354740 and LY379268 selectively attenuate phencyclidine versus d-amphetamine motor behaviours in rats
213. Synthesis pharmacological characterization and molecular modelling of heterobicyclic amino acids related to LY 354740: Identification of two new potent selective and systemically active agonists for group II metabotropic glutamate receptors
214. Type 2 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors tonically inhibit transmitter release in rat caudate nucleus: In vivo studies with (2S,1′S,2′S,3′R)-2-(2′-carboxy-3′-phenylcyclopr opyl)glycine, a new potent and selective antagonist
215. In vivo inhibition of vetratradine evoked release of striatal excitatory amino acids by the group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist LY 354740 in rats
216. The metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR2 and mGluR3 show unique postsynaptic presynaptic and glial cell localizations
217. Reversal of phencylclidine effects by a group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist in rats
218. 3H]-glutamate from guinea pig cerebrocortical synaptosomes is inhibited by metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists
219. LY 354740 affects startle responding but not sensorimotor gating or discriminative effects of phencyclidine
220. Review: Neurotransmitter Receptors II AMPA and kainate receptors
221. Synergistic interactions between ampakines and antipsychotic drugs
222. Altered distribution of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate -diaphorase cells in frontal lobe of schizophrenics implies disturbances of cortical development
223. Distorted distribution of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate -diaphorase neurons in temporal lobe of schizophrenics implies anomalous cortical development
224. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in schizophrenia: Increases in the cerebellar vermi
225. Novel actions of methylene blue
226. Methylene blue adjuvant therapy of schizophrenia
227. 7-Nitroindazole and methylene blue inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and NO stimulated guanylate cyclase block MK-801 elicited behaviours in mice
228. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors attenuate phencyclidine induced disruption of prepulse inhibition
229. Effects of modulation of nitric oxide on acoustic startle responding and prepulse inhibition in rats
230. 7-Nitroindazole and methylene blue, inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and NO-stimulated guanylate cyclase block MK-801 elicited behaviours in mice
231. Involvement of nitric oxide in phencyelidine induced hyperlocomotion in mice
232. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition blocks phencyclidine induced behavioural effects on prepulse inhibition and locomotor activity in the rat
233. Prevention of DOI mediated wet dog shakes by inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase
234. The interaction of neurotensin with dopaminergic pathways in the central nervous system: Basic neurobiology and implication for the pathogenesis and treatment of schizophrenia
235. Structure and functional expression of the cloned rat neurotensin receptor
236. Molecular cloning and characterisation of a new human neurotensin binding site that recognises levocabastine
237. Molecular cloning of a levocabastine sensitive neurotensin binding site
238. Cloning and expression of a complimentary DNA encoding a high affinity human neurotensin receptor
239. 2 receptor expressed in chinese hamster ovary cells
240. Neurotensin: Perchance an endogenous neuroleptic?
241. Neurotensin blocks certain amphetamine induced behaviours
242. Comparative antipsychotic profiles of neurotensin and a related systemically active peptide agonist
243. Novel antipsychotic-like effects on prepulse inhibition of startle produced by a neurotensin agonist
244. Neurotensin discovery, isolation, characterisation, synthesis and possible physiological roles
245. Mechanisms of regulation of neurotensin receptors
246. Blockade of neurotensin receptor by SR 48692 potentiates the facilitatory effect of haloperidol on the evoked in vivo dopamine release in the rat nucleus accumbens
247. SR 48692 a non peptide neurotensin receptor antagonist differentially affects neurotensin induced behaviour and changes in dopaminergic transmission
248. Endogenous neurotensin antagonises methamphetamine enhanced dopaminergic activity
249. Repeated administration of the neurotensin receptor antagonist SR 48692 differentially regulates mesocortical and mesolimbic dopaminergic systems
250. New selective agonists for neurokinin receptors: Pharmacological tools for receptor characterisation
251. 3H] senktide
252. Mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons expressing neuromedin K receptor (NK3): A double immunocytochemical study in the rat
253. Behavioural and biochemical responses following activation of midbrain dopamine pathways by receptor selective neurokinin agonists
254. Behavioural effects of selective tachykinin agonists in midbrain dopamine regions
255. Activation of dopaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmission by tachykinin NK3 receptor stimulation: An in vivo microdialysis approach in guinea pig
256. Blockade of neurokinin-3 receptors antagonises drug induced population response and depolarisation block of midbrain dopamine neurons in guinea pigs
257. Phylogeny of tachykinin receptor localisation in the vertebrate central nervous system: Apparent absence of neurokinin-2 and neurokinin-3 binding sites in the human brain
258. Neurokinin-3 receptor distribution in rat and human brain: An immunohistochemical study
259. Potency and selectivity of the tachykinin NK3 receptor antagonist SR142801
260. The effect of the acute and chronic administration of CP 96,345 a selective neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist, on midbrain dopamine neurons in the rat: A single unit, extracellular recording study
261. Selective activation of mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine metabolism in rat brain by infusion of a stable substance P analogue into the ventral tegmental area
262. Neurokinin receptor mRNA localization in human midbrain dopamine neurons
263. Structural optimization affording 2-(R)-(1-(R)-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylethoxy)-3-(S)-(4-fluoro)phenyl-4-( 3-oxo-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)methylmorpholine, a potent, orally active, long-acting morpholine acetal human NK-1 receptor antagonist
264. Discovery of the antidepressant and antiemetic efficacy of substance P receptor (NK1) antagonists
265. Clozapine interaction with the M2 and M4 subtypes of muscarinic receptors
266. Muscarinic receptor agonists like dopamine receptor antagonists inhibit conditioned avoidance response in rats
267. Unexpected antipsychotic-like activity with the muscarinic receptor ligand (5R,6R)6-(3-propylthio-1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane
268. Effects of xanomeline a selective muscarinic receptor agonist on cognitive function and behavioural symptoms in Alzheimer disease
269. Evidence in postmortem brain tissue for decreased numbers of hippocampal nicotinic receptors in schizophrenia
270. Normalisation by nicotine of deficient auditory sensory gating in relatives of schizophrenics
271. Cigarette smoking normalises auditory physiology in schizophrenics
272. Cholinergic gating of response to auditory stimuli in rat hippocampus
273. Nicotine-haloperidol interactions and cognitive performance in schizophrenics
274. Molecular cloning functional properties and distribution of rat brain alpha 7: A nicotinic channel highly permeable to calcium
275. A comparative proteomic analysis of hippocampal tissue from schizophrenic and Alzheimer's disease individuals
276. The gene encoding proline dehydrogenase modulates sensorimotor gating in mice