Mechanisms of regulation of neurotensin receptors

Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Volumn 79, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 89-104

  Hermans, Emmanuel ^a,b   Maloteaux, Jean Marie ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Desensitization; Internalization; Neurotensin; Neurotensin receptor; Phospholipase C; Receptor regulation

Indexed keywords

NEUROTENSIN; NEUROTENSIN RECEPTOR;

CELL MEMBRANE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; DESENSITIZATION; HUMAN; INTERNALIZATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECEPTOR DOWN REGULATION; RECEPTOR SENSITIVITY; REVIEW; SECOND MESSENGER; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANIMALS; CELL LINE; HUMANS; MICE; NEURONS; NEUROTENSIN; RECEPTORS, NEUROTENSIN; SECOND MESSENGER SYSTEMS;

EID: 0031826026     PISSN: 01637258     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0163-7258(98)00009-6     Document Type: Review

References (153)

1. Aas, P. and Helle, K. B. (1982) Neurotensin receptors in the rat bronchi. Regul. Pept. 3: 405-413.
2. Alonso, A., Faure, M. P. and Beaudet, A. (1994) Neurotensin promotes oscillatory bursting behavior and is internalized in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. J. Neurosci. 14: 5778-5792.
3. Amar, S., Mazella, J., Checler, F., Kitabgi, P. and Vincent, J. P. (1985) Regulation of cyclic GMP levels by neurotensin in neuroblastoma clone N1E115. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 129: 117-125.
4. Amar, S., Kitabgi, P. and Vincent, J. P. (1986) Activation of phosphatidylinositol turnover by neurotensin receptors in the human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line HT29. FEBS Lett. 201: 31-36.
5. Amar, S., Kitabgi, P. and Vincent, J. P. (1987) Stimulation of inositol phosphate production by neurotensin in neuroblastoma N1E115 cells: implication of GTP-binding proteins and relationship with the cyclic GMP response. J. Neurochem. 49: 999-1006.
6. Audinat, E., Hermel, J. M. and Crépel, F. (1989) Neurotensin-induced excitation of neurons of the rat's frontal cortex studied intracellularly in vitro. Exp. Brain Res. 78: 358-368.
7. Augeron, C., Voisin, T., Maoret, J. J., Berthon, B., Laburthe, M. and Laboisse, C. L. (1992) Neurotensin and neuromedin N stimulate mucin output from human goblet cells (Cl.16E) via neurotensin receptors. Am. J. Physiol. 262: G470-G476.
8. Azzi, M., Nicot, A., Gully, D., Kitabgi, P., Bérod, A. and Rostène, W. (1994) Increase in neurotensin receptor expression in rat brain induced by chronic treatment with the nonpeptide neurotensin receptor antagonist SR 48692. Neurosci. Lett. 172: 97-100.
9. Azzi, M., Boudin, H., Mahmudi, N., Pelaprat, D., Rostène, W. and Bérod, A. (1996) In vivo regulation of neurotensin receptors following long-term pharmacological blockade with a specific receptor antagonist. Mol. Brain Res. 42: 213-221.
10. Bachelard, H., St-Pierre, S. and Rioux, F. (1986) The coronary vasodilator effect of neurotensin in the guinea pig isolated heart. Peptides 7: 431-435.
11. Backer, J. M. and King, G. L. (1991) Regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis by phorbol esters. Biochem. Pharmacol. 41: 1267-1277.
12. Beaudet, A., Mazella, J., Nouel, D., Chabry, J., Castel, M. N., Laduron, P., Kitabgi, P. and Faure, M. P. (1994) Internalization and intracellular mobilization of neurotensin in neuronal cells. Biochem. Pharmacol. 47: 43-52.
13. 3H]SR 48692, in the guinea pig brain. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 273: 1450-1458.
14. Bommer, M. and Herz, A. (1989) Neurotensin affects metabolism of opioid peptides, catecholamines and inositol phospholipids in bovine chromaffin cells. Life Sci. 44: 327-335.
15. Boudin, H., Gruaz-Guyon, A., Faure, M. P., Forgez, P., Lhiaubet, A. M., Dennis, M., Beaudet, A., Rostène, W. and Pelaprat, D. (1995) Immunological recognition of different forms of the neurotensin receptor in transfected cells and in rat brain. Biochem. J. 305: 277-283.
16. Boudin, H., Labrecque, J., Lhiaubet, A. M., Dennis, M., Rostène, W. and Pelaprat, D. (1996) Pharmacological and molecular characterization of the neurotensin receptor expressed in Sf9 cells. Biochem. Pharmacol. 51: 1243-1246.
17. Bozou, J. C., Amar, S., Kitabgi, P. and Vincent, J. P. (1986) Neurotensin-mediated inhibition of cyclic AMP formation in neuroblastoma N1E115 cells: involvement of the inhibitory GTP-binding component of adenylate cyclase. Mol. Pharmacol. 29: 489-496.
18. Bozou, J. C., de Nadaï, F., Vincent, J. P. and Kitabgi, P. (1989a) Neurotensin, bradykinin and somatostatin inhibit cAMP production in neuroblastoma N1E115 cells via both pertussis toxin sensitive and insensitive mechanisms. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 161: 1144-1150.
19. Bozou, J. C., Rochet, N., Magnaldo, I., Kitabgi, P. and Vincent, J. P. (1989b) Neurotensin stimulates inositol trisphosphate-mediated calcium mobilization but not protein kinase C activation in HT29 cells. Biochem. J. 264: 871-878.
20. 3H]dopamine release from rat mesencephalic cells in primary culture. J. Neurochem. 62: 1416-1425.
21. Brown, D. R. and Treder, B. G. (1989) Neurohormonal regulation of ion transport in the porcine distal jejunum. Actions of neurotensin and its natural homologs. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 249: 348-357.
22. Brown, D. R., Carraway, R. E., Parsons, A. M. and Mitra, S. P. (1990) Neurotensin-related peptides inhibit spontaneous longitudinal contraction of porcine distal jejunum. Peptides 11: 713-718.
23. Bunn, S. J., Marley, P. D. and Livett, B. G. (1990) Receptor stimulated formation of inositol phosphates in cultures of bovine adrenal medullary cells: the effects of bradykinin, bombesin and neurotensin. Neuropeptides 15: 187-194.
24. Burgevin, M. C., Castel, M. N., Quarteronnet, D., Chevet, T. and Laduron, P. M. (1992) Neurotensin injected into the rat striatum increases tyrosine hydroxylase messenger RNA in the substantia nigra. Neuroscience 49: 627-633.
25. Campbell, A. D. and Erwin, V. G. (1993) Chronic ethanol administration downregulates neurotensin receptors in long- and short-sleep mice. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 45: 95-106.
26. Campbell, A. D. and Erwin, V. G. (1995) Changes in mouse brain neurotensin receptor density following chronic infusion of neurotensin. Peptides 16: 501-504.
27. Carraway, R. E. and Leeman, S. E. (1973) The isolation of a new hypotensive peptide, neurotensin from bovine hypothalami. J. Biol. Chem. 248: 6854-6861.
28. Carraway, R. E., Mitra, S. P. and Honeyman, T. W. (1993) Effects of GTP analogs and metal ions on the binding of neurotensin to porcine brain membranes. Peptides 14: 37-45.
29. Castel, M. N., Malgouris, C., Blanchard, J. C. and Laduron, P. M. (1990) Retrograde axonal transport of neurotensin in the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway in the rat. Neuroscience 36: 425-430.
30. Castel, M. N., Faucher, D., Cuiné, F., Dubédat, P., Boireau, A. and Laduron, P. M. (1991) Identification of intact neurotensin in substantia nigra after its retrograde axonal transport in dopaminergic neurons. J. Neurochem. 56: 1816-1818.
31. Castel, M. N., Beaudet, A. and Laduron, P. M. (1992a) Retrograde axonal transport of neurotensin in rat nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Modulation during ageing and possible physiological role. Biochem. Pharmacol. 49: 53-62.
32. Castel, M. N., Woulfe, J., Wang, X., Laduron, P. M. and Beaudet, A. (1992b) Light and electron microscopic localization of retrogradely transported neurotensin in rat nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Neuroscience 50: 269-282.
33. Chabry, J., Gaudriault, G., Vincent, J. P. and Mazella, J. (1993) Implication of various forms of neurotensin receptors in the mechanism of internalization of neurotensin in cerebral neurons. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 17138-17144.
34. Chabry, J., Labbé-Jullié, C., Gully, D., Kitabgi, P., Vincent, J. P. and Mazella, J. (1994) Stable expression of the cloned rat brain neurotensin receptor into fibroblasts: binding properties, photo-affinity labeling, transduction mechanisms and internalization. J. Neurochem. 63: 19-27.
35. Chabry, J., Botto, J. M., Nouel, D., Beaudet, A., Vincent, J. P. and Mazella, J. (1995) Thr-422 and Tyr-424 residues in the carboxyl terminus are critical for the internalization of the rat neurotensin receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 2439-2442.
36. Chalon, P., Vita, N., Kaghad, M., Guillemot, M., Bonnin, J., Delpech, B., Le Fur, G., Ferrara, P. and Caput, D. (1996) Molecular cloning of a levocabastine-sensitive neurotensin binding site. FEBS Lett. 386: 91-94.
37. Christinck, F., Daniel, E. E. and Fox-Threlkeld, J. E. T. (1992) Inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms of neurotensin action in canine intestinal circular muscle in vitro. Can. J. Pharmacol. 70: 1424-1431.
38. Cusack, B., Richelson, E., Pang, Y. P., Zaidi, J. and Kozikowski, A. P. (1993) Pharmacological studies on novel neurotensin mimetics: discovery of a pharmacologically unique agent exhibiting concentration-dependent dual effects as antagonist and agonist. Mol. Pharmacol. 44: 1036-1040.
39. Di Paola, E. D. and Richelson, E. (1990) Cardiovascular effects of neurotensin and some analogues on rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 175: 279-283.
40. Di Paola, E. D., Cusack, B., Yamada, M. and Richelson, E. (1993) Desensitization and down-regulation of neurotensin receptors in murine neuroblastoma clone N1E-115 by (D-Lys8) neurotensin(8-13). J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 264: 1-5.
41. Dubuc, I., Costentin, J., Doulut, S., Rodriguez, M., Martinez, J. and Kitabgi, P. (1992) JMV 449: a pseudopeptide analogue of neurotensin-(8-13) with highly potent and long-lasting hypothermic and analgesic effects in the mouse. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 219: 327-329.
42. Dubuc, I., Costentin, J., Terranova, J. P., Barnouin, M. C., Soubrié, P., Le Fur, G., Rostène, W. and Kitabgi, P. (1994) The nonpeptide neurotensin antagonist, SR 48692, used as a tool to reveal putative neurotensin receptor subtypes. Br. J. Pharmacol. 112: 352-354.
43. Erwin, V. G., Radcliffe, R., Hinkle, B. and Jones, B. C. (1993) Genetic-based differences in neurotensin levels and receptors in brains of LS × SS mice. Peptides 14: 821-828.
44. Faggin, B. M. and Cubbedu, L. X. (1990) Rapid desensitization of dopamine release induced by neurotensin fragments. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 253: 812-818.
45. Faggin, B. M., Zubieta, J. K., Rezvani, A. H. and Cubeddu, L. X. (1990) Neurotensin-induced dopamine release in vivo and in vitro from substantia nigra and nucleus caudate. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 252: 817-825.
46. Farkas, R. H., Nakajima, S. and Nakajima, Y. (1994) Neurotensin excites basal forebrain cholinergic neurons: ionic and signal transduction mechanisms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 2853-2857.
47. Faure, M. P., Shaw, I., Gaudreau, P., Cashman, N. R. and Beaudet, A. (1992) Binding and internalization of neurotensin in hybrid cells derived from septal cholinergic neurons. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 668: 345-347.
48. Faure, M. P., Gaudriault, P., Shaw, I., Cashman, N. R. and Beaudet, A. (1994) Synthesis of a biologically active fluorescent probe for labeling neurotensin receptors. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 42: 755-763.
49. Faure, M. P., Nouel, D. and Beaudet, A. (1995) Axonal and dendritic transport of internalized neurotensin in rat mesostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Neuroscience 68: 519-529.
50. Gaudriault, G., Zsürger, N. and Vincent, J. P. (1996) Radiolabeled ligands specific for the G-protein-coupled state of neurotensin receptors. J. Neurochem. 67: 2590-2598.
51. Gibson, A., Bern, H. A., Ginsburg, M. and Botting, J. H. (1984) Neuropeptide-induced contraction and relaxation of the mouse anococcygeus muscle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 625-629.
52. Gilbert, J. A. and Richelson, E. (1984) Neurotensin stimulates formation of cyclic GMP in murine neuroblastoma clone N1E-115. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 99: 245-246.
53. Gilbert, J. A., Strobel, T. R. and Richelson, E. (1988) Desensitization of neurotensin receptor-mediated cyclic GMP formation in neuroblastoma clone N1E-115. Biochem. Pharmacol. 37: 2833-2838.
54. Gilbert, J. A., McCormick, D. J., Pfenning, M. A., Kanba, K. S., Enloe, L. J., Moore, A. and Richelson, E. (1989) Neurotensin(8-13): comparison of novel analogs for stimulation of cyclic GMP formation in neuroblastoma clone N1E115 and receptor binding to human brain and intact N1E115 cells. Biochem. Pharmacol. 38: 3377-3382.
55. Goedert, M., Pinnock, R. D., Downes, C. P., Mantyh, P. W. and Emson, P. C. (1984) Neurotensin stimulates inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in rat brain slices. Brain Res. 32: 193-197.
56. Grisshammer, R., Duckworth, R. and Henderson, R. (1993) Expression of a rat neurotensin receptor in Escherichia coli. Biochem. J. 295: 571-576.
57. Gully, D., Canton, M., Boigegrain, R., Jeanjean, F., Molimard, J. C., Poncelet, M., Gueudet, C., Heaulme, M., Leyris, R., Brouard, A., Pelaprat, P., Labbé-Jullié, C., Mazella, J., Soubrié, P., Maffrand, J. P., Rostène, W., Kitabgi, P. and Lefur, G. (1993) Biochemical and pharmacological profile of a potent and selective nonpeptide antagonist of the neurotensin receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 65-69.
58. Gully, D., Jeanjean, F., Poncelet, M., Steinberg, R., Soubrié, P., Le Fur, G. and Maffrand, J. P. (1995) Neuropharmacological profile of non-peptide neurotensin antagonists. Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol. 9: 513-521.
59. Gully, D., Labeeuw, B., Boigegrain, R., OuryDonat, F., Bachy, A., Poncelet, M., Steinberg, R., Suaud Chagny, M. F., Santucci, V., Vita, N., Pecceu, F., Labbé-Jullié, C., Kitabgi, P., Soubrié, P., Le Fur, G. and Maffrand, J. P. (1997) Biochemical and pharmacological activities of SR 142948A, a new potent neurotensin receptor antagonist. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 280: 802-812.
60. Hänninen, A. L., Bamford, D. H. and Grisshammer, R. (1994) Expression in Escherichia coli of rat neurotensin receptor fused to membrane proteins from the membrane-containing bacteriophage PRD1. Biol. Chem. Hoppe Seyler 375: 833-836.
61. Hata, F., Ishii, T., Kanada, A., Yamano, N., Kataoka, T., Takeuchi, T. and Yagasaki, O. (1990) Essential role of nitric oxide in descending inhibition in the rat proximal colon. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 172: 1400-1406.
62. Helle, K. B., Serck-Hassen, G., Jorgensen, G. and Knudsen, R. (1980) Neurotensin-induced contractions in venous smooth muscle. J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 2: 143-155.
63. Hermans, E. and Maloteaux, J. M. (1996) Desensitization of the neurotensin-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis in transfected CHO cells. Biochem. Pharmacol. 51: 1749-1752.
64. Hermans, E., Maloteaux, J. M. and Octave, J. N. (1992) Phospholipase C activation by neurotensin and neuromedin N in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the rat neurotensin receptor. Mol. Brain Res. 15: 332-338.
65. Hermans, E., Gailly, Ph., Gillis, J. M., Octave, J. N. and Maloteaux, J. M. (1994a) Agonist-induced calcium mobilization in transfected CHO and PC12 cells expressing the rat neurotensin receptor. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 72: 535.
66. Hermans, E., Gailly, P., Octave, J. N. and Maloteaux, J. M. (1994b) Rapid desensitization of agonist-induced calcium mobilization in transfected PC12 cells expressing the rat neurotensin receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 198: 400-407.
67. Hermans, E., Octave, J. N. and Maloteaux, J. M. (1994c) Receptor mediated internalization of neurotensin in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. Biochem. Pharmacol. 47: 89-91.
68. 2+ responses in transfected CHO cells expressing the rat neurotensin receptor despite agonist-induced internalization. J. Neurochem. 64: 2518-2525.
69. Hermans, E., Octave, J. N. and Maloteaux, J. M. (1996) Interaction of the COOH-terminal domain of the neurotensin receptor with a G-protein does not control the phospholipase C activation but is involved in the agonist-induced internalization. Mol. Pharmacol. 49: 365-372.
70. 35S]GTPγS binding in transfected CHO cells expressing the neurotensin receptor. Br. J. Pharmacol. 121: 1817-1823.
71. Hermans, E., Vanisberg, M. A., Geurts, M. and Maloteaux, J. M. (1997b) Down-regulation of neurotensin receptors after ligand-induced internalization in rat primary cultured neurons. Neurochem. Int. 31: 291-299.
72. Hirono, C., Ito, I. and Sugiyama, H. (1987) Neurotensin and acetylcholine evoke common responses in frog oocytes injected with rat brain messenger ribonucleic acid. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 382: 523-535.
73. Huidobro-Toro, J. P. and Kullak, A. (1985) Excitatory neurotensin receptors on the stomach muscle of the rat fundus: possible implications in gastric motility. Br. J. Pharmacol. 84: 897-910.
74. Huidobro-Toro, J. P. and Yoshimura, K. (1983) Pharmacological characterization of the inhibitory effects of neurotensin on the rabbit ileum myenteric plexus preparation. Br. J. Pharmacol. 80: 645-653.
75. Huidobro-Toro, J. P. and Zhu, Y. X. (1984) Neurotensin receptors on the ileum of the guinea-pig: evidence for the coexistence of inhibitory and excitatory receptors. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 102: 237-250.
76. ++ mobilization by neurotensin in NG108-15 cells. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 161: 203-208.
77. Kachur, J. F., Miller, R. J. and Rivier, J. (1982) Neurohumoral control of ileal electrolyte transport. II. Neurotensin and substance P. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 220: 456-463.
78. Kalivas, P. W. (1993) Neurotransmitter regulation of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Brain Res. Rev. 18: 75-113.
79. Katsoulis, S. and Conlon, J. M. (1988) Neurotensin and prostaglandin interactions in smooth muscle of the guinea pig stomach. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 158: 251-258.
80. Kitabgi, P. (1989) Neurotensin modulates dopamine neurotransmission at several levels along brain dopaminergic pathways. Neurochem. Int. 14: 111-119.
81. Kitabgi, P. and Nemeroff, C. B. (eds.) (1992) The neurobiology of neurotensin. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Neurotensin. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 668: 1-371.
82. Kitabgi, P., Carraway, R., Van Rietschoten, J., Granier, C., Morgat, J. L., Menez, A., Leeman, S. and Freychet, P. (1977) Neurotensin: specific binding to synaptic membranes from rat brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74: 1846-1850.
83. Kitabgi, P., Checler, F., Mazella, J. and Vincent, J. P. (1985) Pharmacology and biochemistry of neurotensin receptors. Rev. Clin. Basic Pharmacol. 5: 397-486.
84. Koenig, J. A. and Edwardson, J. M. (1997) Endocytosis and recycling of G-protein-coupled receptors. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 18: 276-287.
85. Komori, S., Fukutome, T. and Ohashi, H. (1986) Isolation of a peptide material showing strong rectal muscle-contracting activity from chicken rectum and its identification as chicken neurotensin. Jpn. J. Pharmacol. 40: 577-589.
86. Kullak, A., Donoso, M. V. and Huidobro-Toro, J. P. (1987) Extracellular calcium dependence of the neurotensin-induced relaxation of intestinal smooth muscles: studies with calcium channel blockers and BAY K-8644. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 135: 297-305.
87. Labbé-Jullié, C., Dubuc, I., Brouard, A., Doulut, S., Bourdel, E., Pelaprat, D., Mazella, J., Martinez, J., Rostène, W., Costentin, J. and Kitabgi, P. (1994) In vivo and in vitro studies with peptide and pseudopeptide neurotensin analogs suggest the existence of neurotensin receptor subtypes. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 268: 328-336.
88. 3H]SR48692, the first nonpeptide neurotensin antagonist radioligand: characterization of binding properties and evidence for distinct agonist and antagonist binding domains on the rat neurotensin receptor. Mol. Pharmacol. 47: 1050-1056.
89. Laduron, P. M. (1994) From receptor internalization to nuclear translocation. New targets for long-term pharmacology. Biochem. Pharmacol. 47: 3-14.
90. Laduron, P. M. (1995) Functional consequences of retrograde axonal transport of receptor-bound neurotensin. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 16: 338-343.
91. Lazarus, L. H., Perrin, M. H. and Brown, M. R. (1977) Mast cell binding of neurotensin: 1. Iodination of neurotensin and characterization of interaction of the neurotensin with mast cell receptor sites. J. Biol. Chem. 252: 7174-7179.
92. Le, F., Cusack, B. and Richelson, E. (1996) The neurotensin receptor: is there more than one subtype? Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 17: 1-3.
93. Lebrun, I., Camargo, A. C. M. and Correa, F. M. A. (1988) Pharmacological effects and metabolism of neurotensin and bradykinin in the isolated rat uterus. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 148: 231-327.
94. Marsault, R. and Frelin, C. (1992) Activation by nitric oxide of guanylyl cyclase in endothelial cells from brain cappiliaries. J. Neurochem. 59: 942-945.
95. Mazella, J., Kitabgi, P. and Vincent, J. P. (1985) Molecular properties of neurotensin receptors in rat brain. Identification of subunits by covalent binding. J. Biol. Chem. 260: 508-514.
96. Mazella, J., Chabry, J., Kitabgi, P. and Vincent, J. P. (1988) Solubilization and characterization of active neurotensin receptors in mouse brain. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 144-149.
97. Mazella, J., Chabry, J., Zsurger, J. and Vincent, J. P. (1989) Purification of the neurotensin receptors from mouse brain by high affinity chromatography. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 5559-5563.
98. Mazella, J., Leonard, K., Chabry, J., Kitabgi, P., Vincent, J. P. and Beaudet, A. (1991) Binding and internalization of iodinated neurotensin in neuronal cultures from embryonic mouse brain. Brain Res. 564: 249-255.
99. Mazella, J., Chabry, J., Leonard, K., Kitabgi, P., Vincent, J. P. and Beaudet, A. (1992) Internalization of neurotensin in cultured neurons. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 668: 356-358.
100. Mazella, J., Botto, J. M., Guillemare, E., Coppola, T., Sarret, T. and Vincent, J. P. (1996) Structure, functional expression and cerebral localization of the levocabastine-sensitive neurotensin/ neuromedin N receptor from mouse brain. J. Neurosci. 16: 5613-5620.
101. McKinney, M., Bolden, C., Smith, C., Johnson, A. and Richelson, E. (1990) Selective blockade of receptor-mediated cyclic GMP formation in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 178: 139-140.
102. Memo, M., Castelletti, L., Valerio, A., Missale, C. and Spano, P. F. (1986) Identification of neurotensin receptors associated with calcium channels and prolactin release in rat pituitary. J. Neurochem. 47: 1682-1688.
103. Mills, A., Demoliou-Mason, D. and Barnard, E. A. (1988) Characterization of neurotensin binding sites in intact and solubilized bovine brain membranes. J. Neurochem. 50: 904-911.
104. Minamino, N., Kangawa, K. and Matsuo, H. (1984) Neuromedin N: a novel neurotensin-like peptide identified in porcine spinal cord. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 122: 542-549.
105. Mulè, F., Postorine, A., Geraci, A. and Serio, R. (1992) Neurotensin: dual effect on the motor activity of rat duodenum. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 212: 215-224.
106. Mulè, F., Serio, R. and Postorine, A. (1995) Motility pattern of isolated rat proximal colon and excitatory action of neurotensin. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 275: 131-137.
107. Myamoto-Lee, Y., Shiosaka, S. and Toyama, M. (1991) Purification and characterization of neurotensin receptor from rat brain with special reference to comparison between newborn and adult age rats. Peptides 12: 1001-1006.
108. Nakamoto, M., Tanaka, C. and Taniyama, K. (1987) Release of gamma-aminobutyric acid and acetylcholine by neurotensin in guinea-pig ileum. Br. J. Pharmacol. 90: 545-551.
109. Nemeroff, C. B. (1986) The interaction of neurotensin with dopaminergic pathways in the central nervous system: basic neurobiology and implication for the pathogenesis and treatment of schizophrenia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 11: 15-37.
110. Okada, M., Okuma, Y., Tamai, A., Ueno, V. and Osumi, Y. (1992) Possible involvement of protein kinase C in neurotensin-induced potentiation of dopamine release from rat retina. Biog. Amines 8: 149-159.
111. Okuma, Y. and Osumi, Y. (1982) Neurotensin-induced release of endogenous noradrenaline from rat hypothalamus. Life Sci. 30: 77-84.
112. Parker, I., Sumikawa, K. and Miledi, R. (1986) Neurotensin and substance P receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes by messenger RNA from rat brain. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 229: 151-159.
113. Pinnock, R. D. (1985) Neurotensin depolarizes substantia nigra dopamine neurones. Brain Res. 338: 151-154.
114. Poinot Chazel, C., Portier, M., Bouaboula, M., Vita, N., Pecceu, F., Gully, D., Monroe, J. G., Maffrand, J. P., Le Fur, G. and Casellas, P. (1996) Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase couples neurotensin receptor stimulation to induction of the primary response gene Krox-24. Biochem. J. 320: 145-151.
115. Premont, R. T., Inglese, J. and Lefkowitz, R. J. (1995) Protein kinases that phosphorylate activated G-protein-coupled receptors. FASEB J. 9: 175-182.
116. Quirion, R., Rioux, F., Regoli, D. and St-Pierre, S. (1980) Selective blockade of neurotensin-induced coronary vessels constriction in perfused rat hearts by a neurotensin analogue. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 61: 309-312.
117. Richelson, E. (1992) Regulation of neurotensin receptor expression and function in a neuronal model system. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 668: 120-128.
118. Rioux, F., Quirion, R., St-Pierre, S., Regoli, D., Jolicoeur, R., Bélanger, F. and Barbeau, A. (1981) The hypotensive effect of centrally administered neurotensin in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 69: 241-247.
119. Rökaeus, Å., Burcher, E., Chang, D., Folkers, K. and Rosell, S. (1977) Action of neurotensin and (Gln-4)-neurotensin on isolated tissues. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 41: 141-147.
120. Sato, M., Shiosaka, S. and Tohyance, M. (1991) Neurotensin and neuromedin N elevate the cytosolic calcium concentration via transciently appearing neurotensin binding sites in cultured rat cortex cells. Dev. Brain Res. 58: 97-103.
121. Sato, M., Kiyama, S. and Tohyance, M. (1992) Different postnatal development of cells expressing mRNA encoding neurotensin receptor. Neuroscience 48: 137-149.
122. Scarceriaux, V., Souaze, F., Bachelet, C. M., Forgez, P., Bourdel, E., Martinez, J., Rostène, W. and Pelaprat, D. (1996) Neurotensin receptor down-regulation induced by dexamethasone and forskolin in rat hypothalamic cultures is mediated by endogenous neurotensin. J. Neuroendocrinol. 8: 587-593.
123. Seutin, V., Massotte, L. and Dresse, A. (1989) Electrophysiological effects of neurotensin on dopaminergic neurones of the ventral tegmental area of the rat in vitro. Neuropharmacology 28: 949-954.
124. Shi, W. X. and Bunney, B. S. (1992) Roles of intracellular cAMP and protein kinase A in the actions of dopamine and neurotensin on midbrain dopamine neurons. J. Neurosci. 12: 2433-2438.
125. Slusher, B. S., Zacco, A. E., Maslanski, J. A., Norris, T. E., McLane, M. W., Moore, W. C., Rogers, N. E. and Ignarro, L. J. (1994) The cloned neurotensin receptor mediates cyclic GMP formation when coexpressed with nitric oxide synthase cDNA. Mol. Pharmacol. 46: 115-121.
126. Snider, R. M., Forray, C., Pfenning, M. and Richelson, E. (1986) Neurotensin stimulates inositol phospholipids metabolism and calcium mobilization in murine neuroblastoma clone N1E-115. J. Neurochem. 47: 1214-1218.
127. Souaze, F., Rostène, W. and Forgez, P. (1997) Neurotensin agonist induces differential regulation of neurotensin receptor mRNA. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 10087-10094.
128. Staley, J., Fiskum, G., Davies, T. P. and Moody, T. W. (1989) Neurotensin elevates cytosolic calcium in small cell lung cancer cells. Peptides 10: 1217-1221.
129. Stapelfeldt, W. H. and Szurszewski, J. H. (1989) Neurotensin-facilitates release of substance P in the guinea-pig inferior mesenteric ganglion. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 411: 325-345.
130. Steinberg, R., Bougault, I., Souilhac, J., Gully, D., Le Fur, G. and Soubrié, P. (1994) Blockade of neurotensin receptors by the antagonist SR 48692 prevents retrograde axonal transport of neurotensin in the rat nigrostriatal system. Neurosci. Lett. 166: 106-108.
131. Sumners, C., Phillips, M. I. and Richards, E. M. (1982) Central pressor action of neurotensin in conscious rats. Hypertension 4: 888-893.
132. Tanaka, K., Masu, M. and Nakanishi, S. (1990) Structure and functional expression of the cloned rat neurotensin receptor. Neuron 4: 847-854.
133. Tobin, A. B. (1997) Phosphorylation of phospholipase C-coupled receptors. Pharmacol. Ther. 75: 135-151.
134. Turner, J. T., James-Kracke, M. R. and Camden, J. M. (1990) Regulation of the neurotensin receptor and intracellular calcium mobilization in HT29 cells. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 253: 1049-1056.
135. Vanisberg, M. A., Maloteaux, J. M., Octave, J. N. and Laduron, M. P. (1991) Rapid agonist-induced decrease of neurotensin receptors from the cell surface in rat cultured neurons. Biochem. Pharmacol. 42: 2265-2274.
136. Vincent, J. P. (1992) Neurotensin receptors. Binding properties, transduction mechanisms, and purification. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 668: 90-100.
137. Vita, N., Laurent, P., Lefort, S., Chalon, P., Dumont, X., Kaghad, M., Gully, D., Le-Fur, G., Ferrara, P. and Caput, D. (1993) Cloning and expression of a complementary DNA encoding a high affinity human neurotensin receptor. FEBS Lett. 317: 139-142.
138. Vita, N., Chalon, P., Donat, F., Bachy, A., Kagha, M., Guillemot, M., Thurneyssen, O., Bonnin, J., Delpech, B., Soubrie, P., Le Fur, G., Caput, D. and Ferrara, P. (1997) Molecular cloning and characterization of a new human neurotensin binding site that recognizes levocabastine. Soc. Neurocsi. Abstr. 23: 394.
139. +)(i) and protein kinase C. Cell Calcium 15: 162-174.
140. Watson, M., Yamada, M., Yamada, M., Cusack, B., Veverka, K., Bolden-Watson, C. and Richelson, E. (1992) The rat neurotensin receptor expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells mediates the release of inositol phosphates. J. Neurochem. 59: 1967-1970.
141. Weiss, S., Schmidt, B. H., Sebben, M., Kemp, D. E., Bockaert, J. and Sladeczek, F. (1988) Neurotransmitter-induced inositol phosphate formationin neurons in primary culture. J. Neurochem. 50: 1425-1433.
142. Woll, P. J. and Rozengurt, E. (1989) Multiple neuropeptides mobilise calcium in small cell lung cancer: effects of vasopressin, bradykinin, cholecystokinin, galanin and neurotensin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 164: 66-73.
143. Wu, H., Franklin, C. C., Kim, H. D. and Turner, J. T. (1991) Regulation of calcium-activated potassium efflux by neurotensin and other agents in HT-29 cells. Am. J. Physiol. 260: C35-C42.
144. Wu, T. and Wang, H. L. (1995) Protein kinase C mediates neurotensin inhibition of inwardly rectifying potassium currents in rat substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. Neurosci. Lett. 184: 121-124.
145. Wu, T., Li, A. and Wang, H. L. (1995) Neurotensin increases the cationic conductance of rat substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons through the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-calcium pathway. Brain Res. 683: 242-250.
146. Yamada, M., Yamada, M. and Richelson, E. (1992a) Cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate formation and nitric oxide in neuroblastoma clone N1E-115 cells. Pharmacologist 34: 141.
147. Yamada, M., Yamada, M. and Richelson, E. (1992b) Block of neurotensin receptor-down-regulation by an aminosteroid in N1E-115 cells. Eur. J. Pharmacol. Mol. Pharmacol. 226: 187-188.
148. Yamada, M., Yamada, M. and Richelson, E. (1993a) Further characterization of neurotensin receptor desensitization and down-regulation in clone N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells. Biochem. Pharmacol. 45: 2149-2154.
149. Yamada, M., Yamada, M. and Richelson, E. (1993b) Role of signal transduction systems in neurotensin receptor down-regulation induced by agonist in murine neuroblastoma clone N1E-115 cells. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 267: 128-133.
150. Yamada, M., Yamada, M., Watson, M. A. and Richelson, E. (1993c) Neurotensin stimulates cyclic AMP formation in CHO-rNTR-10 cells expressing the cloned rat neurotensin receptor. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 244: 99-101.
151. Yamada, M., Yamada, M., Watson, M. A. and Richelson, E. (1994) Deletion mutation in the putative third intracellular loop of the rat neurotenisn receptor abolishes polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis but not cyclic AMP formation in CHO-K1 cells. Mol. Pharmacol. 46: 470-476.
152. Yamada, M., Bolden-Watson, C., Watson, M. A., Cho, T., Coleman, N. J., Yamada, M. and Richelson, E. (1995) Regulation of neurotensin receptor mRNA expression by the receptor antagonist SR 48692 in the rat midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Mol. Brain Res. 33: 343-346.
153. Zsürger, N., Mazella, J. and Vincent, J. P. (1994) Solubilization and purification of a high affinity neurotensin receptor from new born human brain. Brain Res. 639: 245-252.