메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 79, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 143-180

Mitogen-activated protein kinase: Conservation of a three-kinase module from yeast to human

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE;

EID: 0032928614     PISSN: 00319333     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.1999.79.1.143     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (2386)

References (407)
  • 1
    • 0029896250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Big mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (BMK1) is a redox-sensitive kinase
    • ABE, J., M. KUSUHARA, R. J. ULEVITCH, B. C. BERK, AND J. D. LEE. Big mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (BMK1) is a redox-sensitive kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 16586-16590, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 16586-16590
    • Abe, J.1    Kusuhara, M.2    Ulevitch, R.J.3    Berk, B.C.4    J D, L.E.E.5
  • 3
    • 0030868250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of apoptosis by DPC4, a transcriptional factor regulated by transforming growth factor-β through stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) signaling pathway
    • AFTI, A., M. BUISINE, A. MAZARS, AND C. GESPACH. Induction of apoptosis by DPC4, a transcriptional factor regulated by transforming growth factor-β through stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) signaling pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 24731-24734, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 24731-24734
    • Afti, A.1    Buisine, M.2    Mazars, A.3    Gespach, C.4
  • 4
    • 0025832605 scopus 로고
    • Multiple components in an epidermal growth factor-stimulated protein kinase cascade. In vitro activation of a myelin basic protein/microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase
    • AHN, N. G., R. SEGER, R. L. BRATLIEN, C. D. DILTZ, N. K. TONKS, AND E. G. KREBS. Multiple components in an epidermal growth factor-stimulated protein kinase cascade. In vitro activation of a myelin basic protein/microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 4220-4227, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.266 , pp. 4220-4227
    • Ahn, N.G.1    Seger, R.2    Bratlien, R.L.3    Diltz, C.D.4    Tonks, N.K.5    Krebs, E.G.6
  • 5
    • 0029163251 scopus 로고
    • 14-3-3 proteins: Biological function and domain structure
    • AITKEN, A., D. JONES, Y. SONEJI, AND S. HOWELL 14-3-3 Proteins: biological function and domain structure. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 23: 605-611, 1995.
    • (1995) Biochem. Soc. Trans. , vol.23 , pp. 605-611
    • Aitken, A.1    Jones, D.2    Soneji, Y.3    Howell, S.4
  • 6
    • 0025871767 scopus 로고
    • Pro-Leu-Ser/Thr-Pro is a consensus primary sequence for substrate protein phosphorylation. Characterization of the phosphorylation of c-myc and c-jun proteins by an epidermal growth factor receptor threonine 669 protein kinase
    • ALVAREZ, E., I. C. NORTHWOOD, F. A. GONZALEZ, D. A. LATOUR, A. SETH, C. ABATE, T. CURRAN, AND R. J. DAVIS. Pro-Leu-Ser/Thr-Pro is a consensus primary sequence for substrate protein phosphorylation. Characterization of the phosphorylation of c-myc and c-jun proteins by an epidermal growth factor receptor threonine 669 protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 15277-15285, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.266 , pp. 15277-15285
    • Alvarez, E.1    Northwood, I.C.2    Gonzalez, F.A.3    Latour, D.A.4    Seth, A.5    Abate, C.6    Curran, T.7    Davis, R.J.8
  • 7
    • 0025120244 scopus 로고
    • Requirement for integration of signals from two distinct phosphorylation pathways for activation of MAP kinase
    • ANDERSON, N. G., J. L. MALLER, N. K. TONKS, AND T. W. STURGILL. Requirement for integration of signals from two distinct phosphorylation pathways for activation of MAP kinase. Nature 343: 651-653, 1990.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.343 , pp. 651-653
    • Anderson, N.G.1    Maller, J.L.2    Tonks, N.K.3    Sturgill, T.W.4
  • 8
    • 0025913487 scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of protein products of the cot oncogene with serine kinase activity
    • AOKI, M., T. AKIYAMA, J. MIYOSHI, AND K. TOYOSHIMA. Identification and characterization of protein products of the cot oncogene with serine kinase activity. Oncogene 6: 1515-1519, 1991.
    • (1991) Oncogene , vol.6 , pp. 1515-1519
    • Aoki, M.1    Akiyama, T.2    Miyoshi, J.3    Toyoshima, K.4
  • 9
    • 0027381406 scopus 로고
    • The human cot proto-oncogene encodes two protein serine/threonine kinases with different transforming activities by alternative initiation of translation
    • AOKI, M., F. HAMADA, T. SUGIMOTO, S. SUMIDA, T. AKIYAMA, AND K. TOYOSHIMA. The human cot proto-oncogene encodes two protein serine/threonine kinases with different transforming activities by alternative initiation of translation. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 22723-22732, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.268 , pp. 22723-22732
    • Aoki, M.1    Hamada, F.2    Sugimoto, T.3    Sumida, S.4    Akiyama, T.5    Toyoshima, K.6
  • 10
    • 0026453521 scopus 로고
    • The amino acid sequence of a mammalian MAP kinase kinase
    • ASHWORTH, A., S. NAKIELNY, P. COHEN, AND C. MARSHALL. The amino acid sequence of a mammalian MAP kinase kinase. Oncogene 7: 2555-2556, 1992.
    • (1992) Oncogene , vol.7 , pp. 2555-2556
    • Ashworth, A.1    Nakielny, S.2    Cohen, P.3    Marshall, C.4
  • 11
    • 0028875683 scopus 로고
    • Cdc42 and PAK-mediated signaling leads to Jun kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation
    • BAGRODIA, S., B. DERIJARD, R. J. DAVIS, AND R. A. CERIONE. Cdc42 and PAK-mediated signaling leads to Jun kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 27995-27998, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 27995-27998
    • Bagrodia, S.1    Derijard, B.2    Davis, R.J.3    Cerione, R.A.4
  • 12
    • 0027648325 scopus 로고
    • NPK1, a tobacco gene that encodes a protein with a domain homologous to yeast BCK1, STE11, and Byr2 protein kinases
    • BANNO, H., K. HIRANO, T. NAKAMURA, K. IRIE, S. NOMOTO, K. MATSUMOTO, AND Y. MACHIDA. NPK1, a tobacco gene that encodes a protein with a domain homologous to yeast BCK1, STE11, and Byr2 protein kinases. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 4745-4752, 1993.
    • (1993) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 4745-4752
    • Banno, H.1    Hirano, K.2    Nakamura, T.3    Irie, K.4    Nomoto, S.5    Matsumoto, K.6    Machida, Y.7
  • 13
    • 0029992810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling in the yeast pheromone response pathway: Specific and high-affinity interaction of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases Kss1 and Fus3 with the upstream MAP kinase kinase Ste7
    • BARDWELL, L., J. G. COOK, E. C. CHANG, B. R. CAIRNS, AND J. THORNER. Signaling in the yeast pheromone response pathway: specific and high-affinity interaction of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases Kss1 and Fus3 with the upstream MAP kinase kinase Ste7. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16: 3637-3650, 1996.
    • (1996) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 3637-3650
    • Bardwell, L.1    Cook, J.G.2    Chang, E.C.3    Cairns, B.R.4    Thorner, J.5
  • 15
    • 0027996869 scopus 로고
    • Role of She in the activation of Ras in response to epidermal growth factor and nerve growth factor
    • BASU, T., P. H. WARNE, AND J. DOWNWARD. Role of She in the activation of Ras in response to epidermal growth factor and nerve growth factor. Oncogene 9: 3483-3491, 1994.
    • (1994) Oncogene , vol.9 , pp. 3483-3491
    • Basu, T.1    Warne, P.H.2    Downward, J.3
  • 16
    • 0023133794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The complete coding sequence of the human A-raf-1 oncogene and transforming activity of a human A-raf carrying retrovirus
    • BECK, T. W., M. HULEIHEL, M. GUNNELL, T. I. BONNER, AND U. R. RAPP. The complete coding sequence of the human A-raf-1 oncogene and transforming activity of a human A-raf carrying retrovirus. Nucleic Acids Res. 15: 595-609, 1997.
    • (1997) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.15 , pp. 595-609
    • Beck, T.W.1    Huleihel, M.2    Gunnell, M.3    Bonner, T.I.4    Rapp, U.R.5
  • 17
    • 0029585636 scopus 로고
    • The Caenorhabditis elegans gene lin-1 encodes an ETS-domain protein and defines a branch of the vulvul induction pathway
    • BEITEL, G. J., S. TUCK, I. GREENWALD, AND H. R. HORVITZ. The Caenorhabditis elegans gene lin-1 encodes an ETS-domain protein and defines a branch of the vulvul induction pathway. Genes Dev. 9: 3149-3162, 1995.
    • (1995) Genes Dev. , vol.9 , pp. 3149-3162
    • Beitel, G.J.1    Tuck, S.2    Greenwald, I.3    Horvitz, H.R.4
  • 18
  • 19
  • 20
    • 0029913457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning of mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase kinases (MEKK) 2 and 3. Regulation of sequential phosphorylation pathways involving mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun kinase
    • BLANK, J. L., P. GERWINS, E. M. ELLIOTT, S. SATHER, AND G. L. JOHNSON. Molecular cloning of mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase kinases (MEKK) 2 and 3. Regulation of sequential phosphorylation pathways involving mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 5361-5368, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 5361-5368
    • Blank, J.L.1    Gerwins, P.2    Elliott, E.M.3    Sather, S.4    Johnson, G.L.5
  • 21
    • 0028358806 scopus 로고
    • Diversity in function and regulation of MAP kinase pathways
    • BLUMER, K. J., AND G. L. JOHNSON. Diversity in function and regulation of MAP kinase pathways. Trends Biochem. Sci. 19: 236-240, 1994.
    • (1994) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.19 , pp. 236-240
    • Blumer, K.J.1    Johnson, G.L.2
  • 22
    • 0028839220 scopus 로고
    • Hypertrophic agonists stimulate the activities of the protein kinases c-Raf and A-Raf in cultured ventricular myocytes
    • BOGOYEVITCH, M. A., C. J. MARSHALL, AND P. H. SUGDEN. Hypertrophic agonists stimulate the activities of the protein kinases c-Raf and A-Raf in cultured ventricular myocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 26303-26310, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 26303-26310
    • Bogoyevitch, M.A.1    Marshall, C.J.2    Sugden, P.H.3
  • 23
    • 0026443099 scopus 로고
    • PBS2, a yeast gene encoding a putative protein kinase, interacts with the RAS2 pathway and affects osmotic sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • BOGUSLAWSKI, G. PBS2, a yeast gene encoding a putative protein kinase, interacts with the RAS2 pathway and affects osmotic sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Gen. Microbiol. 138: 2425-2432, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Gen. Microbiol. , vol.138 , pp. 2425-2432
    • Boguslawski, G.1
  • 24
    • 0023387939 scopus 로고
    • Complete nucleotide sequence of a gene conferring polymyxin B resistance on yeast: Similarity of the predicted polypeptide to protein kinases
    • BOGUSLAWSKI, G., AND J. O. POLAZZI. Complete nucleotide sequence of a gene conferring polymyxin B resistance on yeast: similarity of the predicted polypeptide to protein kinases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84: 5848-5852, 1987.
    • (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.84 , pp. 5848-5852
    • Boguslawski, G.1    Polazzi, J.O.2
  • 25
    • 0030046479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 by the stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway but not by extracellular signal-regulated kinase in fibroblasts
    • BOKEMEYER, D., A. SOROKIN, M. YAN, N. G. AHN, D. J. TEMPLETON, AND M. J. DUNN. Induction of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 by the stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathway but not by extracellular signal-regulated kinase in fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 639-642, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 639-642
    • Bokemeyer, D.1    Sorokin, A.2    Yan, M.3    Ahn, N.G.4    Templeton, D.J.5    Dunn, M.J.6
  • 26
    • 0022623644 scopus 로고
    • The complete coding sequence of the human raf oncogene and the corresponding structure of the c-raf-1 gene
    • BONNER, T. I., H. OPPERMANN, P. SEEBURG, S. B. KERBY, M. A. GUNNELL, A. C. YOUNG, AND U. R. RAPP. The complete coding sequence of the human raf oncogene and the corresponding structure of the c-raf-1 gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 14: 1009-1015, 1986.
    • (1986) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.14 , pp. 1009-1015
    • Bonner, T.I.1    Oppermann, H.2    Seeburg, P.3    Kerby, S.B.4    Gunnell, M.A.5    Young, A.C.6    Rapp, U.R.7
  • 27
    • 0031915453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IB1, a JIP-1-related nuclear protein present in insulin-secreting cells
    • BONNY, C., P. NICOD, AND G. WAEBER. IB1, a JIP-1-related nuclear protein present in insulin-secreting cells. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 1843-1846, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.273 , pp. 1843-1846
    • Bonny, C.1    Nicod, P.2    Waeber, G.3
  • 28
    • 0028932963 scopus 로고
    • The solution structure of the RING finger domain from the acute promyelocytic leukaemia proto-oncoprotein PML
    • BORDEN, K. L., M. N. BODDY, J. LALLY, N. J. O'REILLY, S. MARTIN, K. HOWE, E. SOLOMON, AND P. S. FREEMONT. The solution structure of the RING finger domain from the acute promyelocytic leukaemia proto-oncoprotein PML. EMBO J. 14: 1532-1541, 1995.
    • (1995) EMBO J. , vol.14 , pp. 1532-1541
    • Borden, K.L.1    Boddy, M.N.2    Lally, J.3    O'Reilly, N.J.4    Martin, S.5    Howe, K.6    Solomon, E.7    Freemont, P.S.8
  • 29
    • 0029977716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The RING finger domain: A recent example of a sequence-structure family
    • BORDEN, K. L., AND P. S. FREEMONT. The RING finger domain: a recent example of a sequence-structure family. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 6: 395-401, 1996.
    • (1996) Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. , vol.6 , pp. 395-401
    • Borden, K.L.1    Freemont, P.S.2
  • 30
    • 0030823407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway can mediate growth inhibition and proliferation in smooth muscle cells. Dependence on the availability of downstream targets
    • BORNFELDT, K. E., J. S. CAMPBELL, H. KOYAMA, G. M. ARGAST, C. C. LESLIE, E. W. RAINES, E. G. KREBS, AND R. ROSS. The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway can mediate growth inhibition and proliferation in smooth muscle cells. Dependence on the availability of downstream targets. J. Clin. Invest. 100: 875-885, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.100 , pp. 875-885
    • Bornfeldt, K.E.1    Campbell, J.S.2    Koyama, H.3    Argast, G.M.4    Leslie, C.C.5    Raines, E.W.6    Krebs, E.G.7    Ross, R.8
  • 32
  • 34
    • 0030803278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fas-or ceramide-induced apoptosis is mediated by a Rac1-regulated activation of Jun N-terminal kinase/p38 kinases and GADD153
    • BRENNER, B., U. KOPPENHOEFER, C. WEINSTOCK, O. LINDERKAMP, F. LANG, AND E. GULBINS. Fas-or ceramide-induced apoptosis is mediated by a Rac1-regulated activation of Jun N-terminal kinase/p38 kinases and GADD153. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 22173-22181, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 22173-22181
    • Brenner, B.1    Koppenhoefer, U.2    Weinstock, C.3    Linderkamp, O.4    Lang, F.5    Gulbins, E.6
  • 36
    • 0023777544 scopus 로고
    • Chemical composition of the yeast ascospore wall. The second outer layer consists of chitosan
    • BRIZA, P., A. ELLINGER, G. WINKLER, AND M. BREITENBACH. Chemical composition of the yeast ascospore wall. The second outer layer consists of chitosan. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 11569-11574, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.263 , pp. 11569-11574
    • Briza, P.1    Ellinger, A.2    Winkler, G.3    Breitenbach, M.4
  • 37
    • 0025079880 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a DL-dityrosine-containing macromolecule from yeast ascospore walls
    • BRIZA, P., A. ELLINGER, G. WINKLER, AND M. BREITENBACH. Characterization of a DL-dityrosine-containing macromolecule from yeast ascospore walls. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 15118-15123, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.265 , pp. 15118-15123
    • Briza, P.1    Ellinger, A.2    Winkler, G.3    Breitenbach, M.4
  • 39
    • 0027213924 scopus 로고
    • Genomic organization and nucleotide sequence of the coding region of teh chicken c-Rmil (B-raf-1) protooncogene
    • CALOGERAKI, I., J. V. BARNIER, A. EYCHENE, M. P. FELDER, G. CALOTHY, AND M. MARX. Genomic organization and nucleotide sequence of the coding region of teh chicken c-Rmil (B-raf-1) protooncogene. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 193: 1324-1331, 1993.
    • (1993) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.193 , pp. 1324-1331
    • Calogeraki, I.1    Barnier, J.V.2    Eychene, A.3    Felder, M.P.4    Calothy, G.5    Marx, M.6
  • 40
    • 0030866897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation mechanism of the MAP kinase ERK2 by dual phosphorylation
    • CANAGARAJAH, B. J., A. KHOKHLATCHEV, M. H. COBB, AND E. J. GOLDSMITH. Activation mechanism of the MAP kinase ERK2 by dual phosphorylation. Cell 90: 859-869, 1997.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.90 , pp. 859-869
    • Canagarajah, B.J.1    Khokhlatchev, A.2    Cobb, M.H.3    Goldsmith, E.J.4
  • 41
    • 0030755579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The regulation of anoikis: MEKK-1 activation requires cleavage by caspases
    • CARDONE, M., G. S. SALVESEN, C. WIDMANN, G. L. JOHNSON, AND S. M. FRISCH. The regulation of anoikis: MEKK-1 activation requires cleavage by caspases. Cell 90: 315-323, 1997.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.90 , pp. 315-323
    • Cardone, M.1    Salvesen, G.S.2    Widmann, C.3    Johnson, G.L.4    Frisch, S.M.5
  • 42
    • 0027394488 scopus 로고
    • Okadaic acid activates p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase; ERK-2) in B-lymphocytes but inhibits rather than augments cellular proliferation: Contrast with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
    • CASILLAS, A. M., K. AMARAL, S. CHEGINI-FARAHANI, AND A. E. NEL. Okadaic acid activates p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase; ERK-2) in B-lymphocytes but inhibits rather than augments cellular proliferation: contrast with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Biochem. J. 290: 545-550, 1993.
    • (1993) Biochem. J. , vol.290 , pp. 545-550
    • Casillas, A.M.1    Amaral, K.2    Chegini-Farahani, S.3    Nel, A.E.4
  • 43
    • 0027945787 scopus 로고
    • Partial purification of a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase activator from bovine brain. Identification as B-Raf or a B-Raf-associated activity
    • CATLING, A. D., C. W. REUTER, M. E. COX, S. J. PARSONS, AND M. J. WEBER. Partial purification of a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase activator from bovine brain. Identification as B-Raf or a B-Raf-associated activity. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 30014-30021, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 30014-30021
    • Catling, A.D.1    Reuter, C.W.2    Cox, M.E.3    Parsons, S.J.4    Weber, M.J.5
  • 45
    • 0021873142 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and characterization of the STE7 and STE11 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • CHALEFF, D. T., AND K. TATCHELL. Molecular cloning and characterization of the STE7 and STE11 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell. Biol. 5: 1878-1886, 1985.
    • (1985) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 1878-1886
    • Chaleff, D.T.1    Tatchell, K.2
  • 46
    • 0030175744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of antigen receptor signal transduction by protein tyrosine kinases
    • CHAN, A. C., AND A. S. SHAW. Regulation of antigen receptor signal transduction by protein tyrosine kinases. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 8: 394-401, 1996.
    • (1996) Curr. Opin. Immunol. , vol.8 , pp. 394-401
    • Chan, A.C.1    Shaw, A.S.2
  • 47
    • 0030657873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferential activation of the p46 isoform of JNK/ SAPK in mouse macrophage by TNFα
    • CHAN, E. D., B. W. WINSTON, M. B. JARPE, M. W. WYNES, AND D. W. H. RICHES. Preferential activation of the p46 isoform of JNK/ SAPK in mouse macrophage by TNFα. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 13169-13174, 1997.
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 13169-13174
    • Chan, E.D.1    Winston, B.W.2    Jarpe, M.B.3    Wynes, M.W.4    Riches, D.W.H.5
  • 48
    • 0027937264 scopus 로고
    • Cooperative interaction of S. Pombe proteins required for mating and morphogenesis
    • CHANG, E. C., M. BARR, Y. WANG, V. JUNG, H. P. XU, AND M. H. WIGLER. Cooperative interaction of S. pombe proteins required for mating and morphogenesis. Cell 79: 131-141, 1994.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.79 , pp. 131-141
    • Chang, E.C.1    Barr, M.2    Wang, Y.3    Jung, V.4    Xu, H.P.5    Wigler, M.H.6
  • 49
    • 0027296646 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of the human mitogen-activated protein kinase p44erk1
    • CHAREST, D. L, G. MORDRET, K. W. HARDER, F. JIRIK, AND S. L. PELECH. Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of the human mitogen-activated protein kinase p44erk1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 4679-4690, 1993.
    • (1993) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 4679-4690
    • Charest, D.L.1    Mordret, G.2    Harder, K.W.3    Jirik, F.4    Pelech, S.L.5
  • 50
    • 0027939187 scopus 로고
    • Integrin-mediated cell adhesion activates mitogen-activated protein kinases
    • CHEN, Q., M. S. KINCH, T. H. LIN, K. BURRIDGE, AND R. L. JULIANO. Integrin-mediated cell adhesion activates mitogen-activated protein kinases. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 26602-26605, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 26602-26605
    • Chen, Q.1    Kinch, M.S.2    Lin, T.H.3    Burridge, K.4    Juliano, R.L.5
  • 51
    • 0029753773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in apoptosis induced by ultraviolet C and gamma irradiation. Duration of JNK activation may determine cell death and proliferation
    • CHEN, Y.-R., X. WANG, D. TEMPLETON, R. J. DAVIS, AND T.-H. TAN. The role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in apoptosis induced by ultraviolet C and gamma irradiation. Duration of JNK activation may determine cell death and proliferation. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 31929-31936, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 31929-31936
    • Chen, Y.-R.1    Wang, X.2    Templeton, D.3    Davis, R.J.4    Tan, T.-H.5
  • 52
    • 0029988873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ERK3 is a constitutively nuclear protein kinase
    • CHENG, M., T. G. BOULTON, AND M. H. COBB. ERK3 is a constitutively nuclear protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 8951-8958, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 8951-8958
    • Cheng, M.1    Boulton, T.G.2    Cobb, M.H.3
  • 53
    • 0027983908 scopus 로고
    • Ste5 tethers multiple protein kinase in the MAP kinase cascade required for mating in S. Cerevisiae
    • CHOI, K. Y., B. SATTERBERG, D. M. LYONS, AND E. A. ELION. Ste5 tethers multiple protein kinase in the MAP kinase cascade required for mating in S. cerevisiae. Cell 78: 499-512, 1994.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.78 , pp. 499-512
    • Choi, K.Y.1    Satterberg, B.2    Lyons, D.M.3    Elion, E.A.4
  • 54
    • 0030706186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear accumulation of NFAT4 opposed by the JNK signal transduction pathway
    • CHOW, C. W., M. RINCON, J. CAVANAGH, M. DICKENS, AND R. J. DAVIS. Nuclear accumulation of NFAT4 opposed by the JNK signal transduction pathway. Science 278: 1638-1641, 1997.
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 1638-1641
    • Chow, C.W.1    Rincon, M.2    Cavanagh, J.3    Dickens, M.4    Davis, R.J.5
  • 55
    • 0029918680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases PAC1, MKP-1, and MKP-2 have unique substrate specificities and reduced activity in vivo toward the ERK2 sevenmaker mutation
    • CHU, Y., P. A. SOLSKI, R. KHOSRAVI-FAR, C. J. DER, AND K. KELLY. The mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases PAC1, MKP-1, and MKP-2 have unique substrate specificities and reduced activity in vivo toward the ERK2 sevenmaker mutation. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 6497-6501, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 6497-6501
    • Chu, Y.1    Solski, P.A.2    Khosravi-Far, R.3    Der, C.J.4    Kelly, K.5
  • 57
    • 0024329057 scopus 로고
    • Related proteins are phosphorylated at tyrosine in response to mitogenic stimuli and at meiosis
    • COOPER, J. A. Related proteins are phosphorylated at tyrosine in response to mitogenic stimuli and at meiosis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9: 3143-3147, 1989.
    • (1989) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.9 , pp. 3143-3147
    • Cooper, J.A.1
  • 58
    • 0028675593 scopus 로고
    • Straight and narrow or tortuous and intersecting?
    • COOPER, J. A. Straight and narrow or tortuous and intersecting? Curr. Biol. 4: 1118-1121, 1994.
    • (1994) Curr. Biol. , vol.4 , pp. 1118-1121
    • Cooper, J.A.1
  • 59
    • 0020357523 scopus 로고
    • Similar effects of platelet-derived growth factor and epidermal growth factor on the phosphorylation of tyrosine in cellular proteins
    • COOPER, J. A., D. F. BOWEN-POPE, E. RAINES, R. ROSS, AND T. HUNTER. Similar effects of platelet-derived growth factor and epidermal growth factor on the phosphorylation of tyrosine in cellular proteins. Cell 31: 263-273, 1982.
    • (1982) Cell , vol.31 , pp. 263-273
    • Cooper, J.A.1    Bowen-Pope, D.F.2    Raines, E.3    Ross, R.4    Hunter, T.5
  • 60
    • 0019434891 scopus 로고
    • Changes in protein phosphorylation in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chicken embryo cells
    • COOPER, J. A., AND T. HUNTER. Changes in protein phosphorylation in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chicken embryo cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1: 165-178, 1981.
    • (1981) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.1 , pp. 165-178
    • Cooper, J.A.1    Hunter, T.2
  • 61
    • 0021111579 scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of cellular targets for tyrosine protein kinases
    • COOPER, J. A., AND T. HUNTER. Identification and characterization of cellular targets for tyrosine protein kinases. J. Biol. Chem. 258: 1108-1115, 1983.
    • (1983) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.258 , pp. 1108-1115
    • Cooper, J.A.1    Hunter, T.2
  • 62
    • 0029055812 scopus 로고
    • The small GTP-binding proteins Rac1 and Cdc42 regulate the activity of the JNK/ SAPK signaling pathway
    • COSO, O. A., M. CHIARIELLO, J.-C. YU, H. TERAMOTO, P. CRESPO, N. XU, T. MIKI, AND J. S. GUTKIND. The small GTP-binding proteins Rac1 and Cdc42 regulate the activity of the JNK/ SAPK signaling pathway. Cell 81: 1137-1146, 1995.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.81 , pp. 1137-1146
    • Coso, O.A.1    Chiariello, M.2    Yu, J.-C.3    Teramoto, H.4    Crespo, P.5    Xu, N.6    Miki, T.7    Gutkind, J.S.8
  • 63
    • 0024442034 scopus 로고
    • A putative protein kinase overcomes pheromone-induced arrest of cell cycling in S. Cerevisiae
    • COURCHESNE, W. E., R. KUNISAWA, AND J. THORNER. A putative protein kinase overcomes pheromone-induced arrest of cell cycling in S. cerevisiae. Cell 58: 1107-1119, 1989.
    • (1989) Cell 58 , pp. 1107-1119
    • Courchesne, W.E.1    Kunisawa, R.2    Thorner, J.3
  • 64
    • 0030903693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T cell proliferation in response to interleukins 2 and 7 requires p38MAP kinase activation
    • CRAWLEY, J. B., L. RAWLINSON, F. V. LALI, T. H. PAGE, J. SAKLATVALA, AND B. M. FOXWELL. T cell proliferation in response to interleukins 2 and 7 requires p38MAP kinase activation. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 15023-15027, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 15023-15027
    • Crawley, J.B.1    Rawlinson, L.2    Lali, F.V.3    Page, T.H.4    Saklatvala, J.5    Foxwell, B.M.6
  • 65
    • 0026048278 scopus 로고
    • Mouse Erk-1 gene product is a serine/threonine protein kinase that has the potential to phosphorylate tyrosine
    • CREWS, C. M., A. A. ALESSANDRINI, AND R. L. ERIKSON. Mouse Erk-1 gene product is a serine/threonine protein kinase that has the potential to phosphorylate tyrosine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 8845-8849, 1991.
    • (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88 , pp. 8845-8849
    • Crews, C.M.1    Alessandrini, A.A.2    Erikson, R.L.3
  • 66
    • 0026539931 scopus 로고
    • The primary structure of MEK, a protein kinase that phosphorylates the ERK gene product
    • CREWS, C. M., A. ALESSANDRINI, AND R. L. ERIKSON. The primary structure of MEK, a protein kinase that phosphorylates the ERK gene product. Science 258: 478-480, 1992.
    • (1992) Science , vol.258 , pp. 478-480
    • Crews, C.M.1    Alessandrini, A.2    Erikson, R.L.3
  • 67
    • 0027304607 scopus 로고
    • Extracellular signals and reversible protein phosphorylation: What to Mek of it all
    • CREWS, C. M., AND R. L. ERIKSON. Extracellular signals and reversible protein phosphorylation: what to Mek of it all. Cell 74: 215-217, 1993.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.74 , pp. 215-217
    • Crews, C.M.1    Erikson, R.L.2
  • 68
    • 0029782176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purification and cDNA cloning of SAPKK3, the major activator of RK/p38 in stress-and cytokine-stimulated monocytes and epithelial cells
    • CUENDA, A., G. ALONSA, N. MORRICE, M. JONES, R. MEIER, P. COHEN, AND A. R. NEBREDA. Purification and cDNA cloning of SAPKK3, the major activator of RK/p38 in stress-and cytokine-stimulated monocytes and epithelial cells. EMBO J. 15: 4156-4164, 1996.
    • (1996) EMBO J. , pp. 4156-4164
    • Cuenda, A.1    Alonsa, G.2    Morrice, N.3    Jones, M.4    Meier, R.5    Cohen, P.6    Nebreda, A.R.7
  • 69
    • 0030044360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of transactivation of the EGF receptor in signalling by G-protein-coupled receptors
    • DAUB, H., F. U. WEISS, C. WALLASCH, AND A. ULLRICH. Role of transactivation of the EGF receptor in signalling by G-protein-coupled receptors. Nature 379: 557-560, 1996.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.379 , pp. 557-560
    • Daub, H.1    Weiss, F.U.2    Wallasch, C.3    Ullrich, A.4
  • 70
    • 0029106463 scopus 로고
    • A homologue of the MAP/ERK family of protein kinase genes is expressed in vegetative and in female reproductive organs of Petunia hybrida
    • DECROOCQ-FERRANT, V., S. DECROOCQ, J. VAN WENT, E. SCHMIDT, AND M. KREIS. A homologue of the MAP/ERK family of protein kinase genes is expressed in vegetative and in female reproductive organs of Petunia hybrida. Plant Mol. Biol. 27: 339-350, 1995.
    • (1995) Plant Mol. Biol. , vol.27 , pp. 339-350
    • Decroocq-Ferrant, V.1    Decroocq, S.2    Van Went, J.3    Schmidt, E.4    Kreis, M.5
  • 71
    • 0025915812 scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis of microtubule-associated protein-2 kinase cDNA from mouse and rat brain
    • DE MIGUEL, C., D. KLIGMAN, J. PATEL, AND S. D. DETERA-WADLEIGH. Molecular analysis of microtubule-associated protein-2 kinase cDNA from mouse and rat brain. DNA Cell Biol. 10: 505-514, 1991.
    • (1991) DNA Cell Biol. , vol.10 , pp. 505-514
    • De Miguel, C.1    Kligman, D.2    Patel, J.3    Detera-Wadleigh, S.D.4
  • 72
    • 0029014973 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of Raf-1 activation by purified and membrane-associated protein phosphatases
    • DENT, P., T. JELINEK, D. K. MORRISON, M. J. WEBER, AND T. W. STURGILL. Reversal of Raf-1 activation by purified and membrane-associated protein phosphatases. Science 268: 1902-1906, 1995.
    • (1995) Science 268 , pp. 1902-1906
    • Dent, P.1    Jelinek, T.2    Morrison, D.K.3    Weber, M.J.4    Sturgill, T.W.5
  • 73
    • 0028329953 scopus 로고
    • JNK-1: A protein kinase stimulated by UV light and Ha-Ras that binds and phosphorylates the c-jun activation domain
    • DEŔIJARD, B., M. HIBI, I. WU, T. BARRETT, B. SU, T. DENG, M. KARIN, AND R. J. DAVIS. JNK-1: a protein kinase stimulated by UV light and Ha-Ras that binds and phosphorylates the c-jun activation domain. Cell 76: 1025-1037, 1994.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.76 , pp. 1025-1037
    • Deŕijard, B.1    Hibi, M.2    Wu, I.3    Barrett, T.4    Su, B.5    Deng, T.6    Karin, M.7    Davis, R.J.8
  • 74
    • 0028935974 scopus 로고
    • Independent human MAP kinase signal transduction pathways defined by MEK and MKK isoforms
    • DEŔIJARD, B., J. RAINGEAUD, T. BARRETT, I.-H. WU, J. HAN, R. J. ULEVITCH, AND R. J. DAVIS. Independent human MAP kinase signal transduction pathways defined by MEK and MKK isoforms. Science 267: 682-685, 1995.
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 682-685
    • Deŕijard, B.1    Raingeaud, J.2    Barrett, T.3    Wu, I.-H.4    Han, J.5    Ulevitch, R.J.6    Davis, R.J.7
  • 76
    • 0028485768 scopus 로고
    • PC12 cells overexpressing the insulin receptor undergo insulin-dependent neuronal differentation
    • DIKIC, I., J. SCHLESSINGER, AND I. LAX. PC12 cells overexpressing the insulin receptor undergo insulin-dependent neuronal differentation. Curr. Biol. 4: 702-708, 1994.
    • (1994) Curr. Biol. , vol.4 , pp. 702-708
    • Dikic, I.1    Schlessinger, J.2    Lax, I.3
  • 77
    • 0031041306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RGS proteins and signaling by heterotrimeric G proteins
    • DOHLMAN, H. G., AND J. THORNER. RGS proteins and signaling by heterotrimeric G proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 3871-3874, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 3871-3874
    • Dohlman, H.G.1    Thorner, J.2
  • 78
    • 0027363858 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding rat brain mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activator
    • DORING, F., G. DREWES, B. BERLING, AND E. M. MANDELKOW. Cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding rat brain mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activator. Gene 131: 303-304, 1993.
    • (1993) Gene , vol.131 , pp. 303-304
    • Doring, F.1    Drewes, G.2    Berling, B.3    Mandelkow, E.M.4
  • 79
  • 80
    • 0029955128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of ras activation
    • DOWNWARD, J. Control of ras activation. Cancer Surv. 27: 87-100, 1996.
    • (1996) Cancer Surv. , vol.27 , pp. 87-100
    • Downward, J.1
  • 81
    • 0027345809 scopus 로고
    • MsERK1: A mitogen-activated protein kinase from a flowering plant
    • DUERR, B., M. GAWIENOWSKI, T. ROPP, AND T. JACOBS. MsERK1: a mitogen-activated protein kinase from a flowering plant. Plant Cell 5: 87-96, 1993.
    • (1993) Plant Cell , vol.5 , pp. 87-96
    • Duerr, B.1    Gawienowski, M.2    Ropp, T.3    Jacobs, T.4
  • 82
    • 0028840004 scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by epidermal growth factor is mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase/ p90 ribosomal protein S6 kinase signaling pathway in NIH/3T3 cells
    • ELDAR-FINKELMAN, H., R. SEGER, J. R. VANDENHEEDE, AND E. G. KREBS. Inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by epidermal growth factor is mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase/ p90 ribosomal protein S6 kinase signaling pathway in NIH/3T3 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 987-990, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 987-990
    • Eldar-Finkelman, H.1    Seger, R.2    Vandenheede, J.R.3    Krebs, E.G.4
  • 83
    • 0025998311 scopus 로고
    • FUS3 represses CLN1 and CLN2 and in concert with KSS1 promotes signal transduction
    • ELION, E. A., J. A. BRILL, AND G. R. FINK. FUS3 represses CLN1 and CLN2 and in concert with KSS1 promotes signal transduction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 9392-9396, 1991.
    • (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.88 , pp. 9392-9396
    • Elion, E.A.1    Brill, J.A.2    Fink, G.R.3
  • 84
    • 0025101239 scopus 로고
    • FUS3 encodes a cdc2+/CDC28-related kinase required for the transition from mitosis into conjugation
    • ELION, E. A., P. L. GRISAFI, AND G. R. FINK. FUS3 encodes a cdc2+/CDC28-related kinase required for the transition from mitosis into conjugation. Cell 60: 649-664, 1990.
    • (1990) Cell , vol.60 , pp. 649-664
    • Elion, E.A.1    Grisafi, P.L.2    Fink, G.R.3
  • 85
    • 0027253814 scopus 로고
    • FUS3 phosphorylates multiple components of the mating signal transduction cascade: Evidence for STE12 and FAR1
    • ELION, E. A., B. SATTERBERG, AND J. E. KRANZ. FUS3 phosphorylates multiple components of the mating signal transduction cascade: evidence for STE12 and FAR1. Mol. Biol. Cell 4: 495-510, 1993.
    • (1993) Mol. Biol. Cell , vol.4 , pp. 495-510
    • Elion, E.A.1    Satterberg, B.2    Kranz, J.E.3
  • 86
    • 0031036629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct activation of the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathways by an inducible mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase kinase 3 (MEKK) derivative
    • ELLINGER-ZIEGELBAUER, H., K. BROWN, K. KELLY, AND U. SIEBENLIST. Direct activation of the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathways by an inducible mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase kinase 3 (MEKK) derivative. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 2668-2674, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 2668-2674
    • Ellinger-Ziegelbauer, H.1    Brown, K.2    Kelly, K.3    Siebenlist, U.4
  • 87
    • 0345579566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase in hippocampal long term potentiation
    • ENGLISH, J. D., AND J. D. SWEATT. Activation of p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase in hippocampal long term potentiation. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 24329-24332, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 24329-24332
    • English, J.D.1    Sweatt, J.D.2
  • 88
    • 0028827450 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of MEK5 and differential expression of alternatively spliced forms
    • ENGLISH, J. M., C. A. VANDERBILT, S. XU, S. MARCUS, AND M. H. COBB. Isolation of MEK5 and differential expression of alternatively spliced forms. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 28897-28902, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 28897-28902
    • English, J.M.1    Vanderbilt, C.A.2    Xu, S.3    Marcus, S.4    Cobb, M.H.5
  • 89
    • 0027586171 scopus 로고
    • A conserved kinase cascade for MAP kinase activation in yeast
    • ERREDE, B., AND D. E. LEVIN. A conserved kinase cascade for MAP kinase activation in yeast. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 5: 254-260, 1993.
    • (1993) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 254-260
    • Errede, B.1    Levin, D.E.2
  • 90
    • 0027528865 scopus 로고
    • Novel cdc2-related protein kinase produced in murine hematopoietic stem cells
    • ERSHLER, M., T. V. NAGORSKAYA, J. W. VISSER, AND A. V. BELYAVSKY. Novel cdc2-related protein kinase produced in murine hematopoietic stem cells. Gene 124: 305-306, 1993.
    • (1993) Gene , vol.124 , pp. 305-306
    • Ershler, M.1    Nagorskaya, T.V.2    Visser, J.W.3    Belyavsky, A.V.4
  • 91
    • 0026653195 scopus 로고
    • Quail neurotina c-Rmil(B-raf) proto-oncogene cDNAs encode two proteins of 93.5 and 95 kDa resulting from alternative splicing
    • EYCHENE, A., J. V. BARNIER, P. DEZELEE, M. MARX, D. LAUGIER, I. CALOGERAKI, AND G. CALOTHY. Quail neurotina c-Rmil(B-raf) proto-oncogene cDNAs encode two proteins of 93.5 and 95 kDa resulting from alternative splicing. Oncogene 7: 1315-1323, 1992.
    • (1992) Oncogene , vol.7 , pp. 1315-1323
    • Eychene, A.1    Barnier, J.V.2    Dezelee, P.3    Marx, M.4    Laugier, D.5    Calogeraki, I.6    Calothy, G.7
  • 92
    • 0031044561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MEKKs, GCKs, MLKs, PAKs, TAKs, and Tpls: Upstream regulators of the c-Jun amino-terminal kinases?
    • FANGER, G. R., P. GERWINS, C. WIDMANN, M. B. JARPE, AND G. L. JOHNSON. MEKKs, GCKs, MLKs, PAKs, TAKs, and Tpls: upstream regulators of the c-Jun amino-terminal kinases? Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 7: 67-74, 1997.
    • (1997) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. , vol.7 , pp. 67-74
    • Fanger, G.R.1    Gerwins, P.2    Widmann, C.3    Jarpe, M.B.4    Johnson, G.L.5
  • 93
    • 0030875602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MEK kinases are regulated by EGF and selectively interact with Rac/Cdc42
    • FANGER, G. R., N. LASSIGNAL JOHNSON, AND G. L. JOHNSON. MEK kinases are regulated by EGF and selectively interact with Rac/Cdc42. EMBO J. 16: 4961-4972, 1997.
    • (1997) EMBO J. , vol.16 , pp. 4961-4972
    • Fanger, G.R.1    Johnson, N.L.2    Johnson, G.L.3
  • 96
    • 0029861909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of interleukin-2 transcription by inducible stable expression of dominant negative and dominant active mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase in Jurkat T cells. Evidence for the importance of Ras in a pathway that is controlled by dual receptor stimulation
    • FARIS, M., N. KOKO, L. LEE, AND A. E. NEL. Regulation of interleukin-2 transcription by inducible stable expression of dominant negative and dominant active mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase in Jurkat T cells. Evidence for the importance of Ras in a pathway that is controlled by dual receptor stimulation. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 27366-27373, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 27366-27373
    • Faris, M.1    Koko, N.2    Lee, L.3    Nel, A.E.4
  • 97
    • 0031883140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The c-Jun N-terminal kinase cascade plays a role in stress-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells by up-regulating Fas ligand expression
    • FARIS, M., N. KOKOT, K. LATINIS, S. KASIBHATLA, D. R. GREEN, G. A. KORETZKY, AND A. NEL. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase cascade plays a role in stress-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells by up-regulating Fas ligand expression. J. Immunol. 160: 134-144, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Immunol. , vol.160 , pp. 134-144
    • Faris, M.1    Kokot, N.2    Latinis, K.3    Kasibhatla, S.4    Green, D.R.5    Koretzky, G.A.6    Nel, A.7
  • 98
    • 0030219389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More on target with protein phosphorylation: Conferring specificity by location
    • FAUX, M. C., AND J. D. SCOTT. More on target with protein phosphorylation: conferring specificity by location. Trends Biochem. Sci. 21: 312-315, 1996.
    • (1996) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.21 , pp. 312-315
    • Faux, M.C.1    Scott, J.D.2
  • 100
    • 0030794511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditional expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase MKP-1 preferentially inhibits p38 MAPK and stress-activated protein kinase in U937 cells
    • FRANKLIN, C. C., AND A. S. KRAFT. Conditional expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase MKP-1 preferentially inhibits p38 MAPK and stress-activated protein kinase in U937 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 16917-16923, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 16917-16923
    • Franklin, C.C.1    Kraft, A.S.2
  • 101
    • 0028073606 scopus 로고
    • Binding of 14-3-3 proteins to the protein kinase Raf and effects on its activation
    • FREED, E., M. SYMONS, S. G. MACDONALD, F. MCCORMICK, AND R. RUGGIERI. Binding of 14-3-3 proteins to the protein kinase Raf and effects on its activation. Science 265: 1713-1716, 1994.
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 1713-1716
    • Freed, E.1    Symons, M.2    Macdonald, S.G.3    McCormick, F.4    Ruggieri, R.5
  • 102
    • 0024420441 scopus 로고
    • Xenopus homolog of the mos protooncogene transforms mammalian fibroblasts and induces maturation of Xenopus oocytes
    • FREEMAN, R. S., K. M. PICKHAM, J. P. KANKI, B. A. LEE, S. V. PENA, AND D. J. DONOGHUE. Xenopus homolog of the mos protooncogene transforms mammalian fibroblasts and induces maturation of Xenopus oocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 5805-5809, 1989.
    • (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.86 , pp. 5805-5809
    • Freeman, R.S.1    Pickham, K.M.2    Kanki, J.P.3    Lee, B.A.4    Pena, S.V.5    Donoghue, D.J.6
  • 104
    • 0031453047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel regulatory mechanism in the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade. Role of nuclear export signal of map kinase kinase
    • FUKUDA, M., I. GOTOH, M. ADACHI, Y. GOTOH, AND E. NISHIDA. A novel regulatory mechanism in the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade. Role of nuclear export signal of map kinase kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 32642-32648, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 32642-32648
    • Fukuda, M.1    Gotoh, I.2    Adachi, M.3    Gotoh, Y.4    Nishida, E.5
  • 105
    • 0027994002 scopus 로고
    • An osmosensing signal transduction pathway in mammalian cells
    • GALCHEVA-GARGOVA, Z., B. DEŔIJARD, I. H. WU, AND R. J. DAVIS. An osmosensing signal transduction pathway in mammalian cells. Science 265: 806-808, 1994.
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 806-808
    • Galcheva-Gargova, Z.1    Deŕijard, B.2    Wu, I.H.3    Davis, R.J.4
  • 106
    • 0028340349 scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of SPRK, a novel src-homology 3 domain-containing proline-rich kinase with serine/threonine kinase activity
    • GALLO, K. A., M. R. MARK, D. T. SCADDEN, Z. WANG, Q. GU, AND P. J. GODOWSKI. Identification and characterization of SPRK, a novel src-homology 3 domain-containing proline-rich kinase with serine/threonine kinase activity. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 15092-15100, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 15092-15100
    • Gallo, K.A.1    Mark, M.R.2    Scadden, D.T.3    Wang, Z.4    Gu, Q.5    Godowski, P.J.6
  • 107
    • 0030278332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of a cDNA encoding the rat MAP-kinase homolog of human p63mapk
    • GARCIA, J. I., G. ZALBA, S. D. DETERA-WADLEIGH, AND C. DE MIGUEL. Isolation of a cDNA encoding the rat MAP-kinase homolog of human p63mapk. Mamm. Genome 7: 810-814, 1996.
    • (1996) Mamm. Genome , vol.7 , pp. 810-814
    • Garcia, J.I.1    Zalba, G.2    Detera-Wadleigh, S.D.3    De Miguel, C.4
  • 108
    • 0029892754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibroblast growth factor-2 suppression of tumor necrosis factor α-mediated apoptosis requires ras and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase
    • GARDNER, A. M., AND G. L. JOHNSON. Fibroblast growth factor-2 suppression of tumor necrosis factor α-mediated apoptosis requires ras and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 14560-14566, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 14560-14566
    • Gardner, A.M.1    Johnson, G.L.2
  • 109
    • 0026725796 scopus 로고
    • Signal transduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires tyrosine and threonine phosphorylation of FUS3 and KSS1
    • GARTNER, A., K. NASMYTH, AND G. AMMERER. Signal transduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires tyrosine and threonine phosphorylation of FUS3 and KSS1. Genes Dev. 6: 1280-1292, 1992.
    • (1992) Genes Dev. , vol.6 , pp. 1280-1292
    • Gartner, A.1    Nasmyth, K.2    Ammerer, G.3
  • 110
    • 0027938452 scopus 로고
    • Identification and funtional analysis of a developmentally regulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase gene in Dictyostelium discoideum
    • GASKINS, C., M. MAEDA, AND R. A. FIRTEL. Identification and funtional analysis of a developmentally regulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase gene in Dictyostelium discoideum. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14: 6996-7012, 1994.
    • (1994) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 6996-7012
    • Gaskins, C.1    Maeda, M.2    Firtel, R.A.3
  • 111
    • 0030934694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning of a novel mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, MEKK4, that selectively regulates the c-Jun amino terminal kinase pathway
    • GERWINS, P., J. L. BLANK, AND G. L. JOHNSON. Cloning of a novel mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, MEKK4, that selectively regulates the c-Jun amino terminal kinase pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 8288-8295, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 8288-8295
    • Gerwins, P.1    Blank, J.L.2    Johnson, G.L.3
  • 112
    • 0026656151 scopus 로고
    • The logic of cell division in the life cycle of yeast
    • GIMENO, C. J., AND G. R. FINK. The logic of cell division in the life cycle of yeast. Science 257: 626, 1992.
    • (1992) Science , vol.257 , pp. 626
    • Gimeno, C.J.1    Fink, G.R.2
  • 113
    • 0026588787 scopus 로고
    • Unipolar cell division in the yeast S. Cerevisiae leads to filamentous growth: Regulation by starvation and RAS
    • GIMENO, C. J., P. O. LJUNGDAHL, C. A. STYLES, AND G. R. FINK. Unipolar cell division in the yeast S. cerevisiae leads to filamentous growth: regulation by starvation and RAS. Cell 68: 1077-1090, 1992.
    • (1992) Cell , vol.68 , pp. 1077-1090
    • Gimeno, C.J.1    Ljungdahl, P.O.2    Styles, C.A.3    Fink, G.R.4
  • 114
    • 0028875388 scopus 로고
    • Hemipterous encodes a novel Drosophila MAP kinase kinase, required for epithelial cell sheet movement
    • GLISE, B., H. BOURBON, AND S. NOSELLI. Hemipterous encodes a novel Drosophila MAP kinase kinase, required for epithelial cell sheet movement. Cell 83: 451-461, 1995.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.83 , pp. 451-461
    • Glise, B.1    Bourbon, H.2    Noselli, S.3
  • 115
    • 0030927106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the novel stress-activated protein kinase SAPK4 by cytokines and cellular stresses is mediated by SKK3 (MKK6): Comparison of its substrate specificity with that of other SAP kinases
    • GOEDERT, M., A. CUENDA, M. CRAXTON, R. JAKES, AND P. COHEN. Activation of the novel stress-activated protein kinase SAPK4 by cytokines and cellular stresses is mediated by SKK3 (MKK6): comparison of its substrate specificity with that of other SAP kinases. EMBO J. 16: 3563-3571, 1997.
    • (1997) EMBO J. , vol.16 , pp. 3563-3571
    • Goedert, M.1    Cuenda, A.2    Craxton, M.3    Jakes, R.4    Cohen, P.5
  • 116
    • 0031148613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assignment of the human stress-activated protein kinase-3 gene (SAPK3) to chromosome 22q13.3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization
    • GOEDERT, M., J. HASEGAWA, M. CRAXTON, M. A. LEVERSHA, AND S. CLEGG. Assignment of the human stress-activated protein kinase-3 gene (SAPK3) to chromosome 22q13.3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Genomics 41: 501-502, 1997.
    • (1997) Genomics , vol.41 , pp. 501-502
    • Goedert, M.1    Hasegawa, J.2    Craxton, M.3    Leversha, M.A.4    Clegg, S.5
  • 118
    • 0026639223 scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneous expression of four AMP kinase isoforms in human tissues
    • GONZALEZ, F. A., D. L. RADEN, M. R. RIGBY, AND R. J. DAVIS. Heterogeneous expression of four AMP kinase isoforms in human tissues. FEBS Lett. 304: 170-178, 1992.
    • (1992) FEBS Lett. , vol.304 , pp. 170-178
    • Gonzalez, F.A.1    Raden, D.L.2    Rigby, M.R.3    Davis, R.J.4
  • 121
    • 0030688862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory and activating functions for MAPK Kss1 in the S. Cerevisiae filamentous-growth signalling pathway
    • GOWEN COOK, J., L. BARDWELL, AND J. THORNER. Inhibitory and activating functions for MAPK Kss1 in the S. cerevisiae filamentous-growth signalling pathway. Nature 390: 85-88, 1997.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.390 , pp. 85-88
    • Gowen Cook, J.1    Bardwell, L.2    Thorner, J.3
  • 122
    • 0029905354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation of the MAP, SAP and RK/p38 kinases by Pyst1, a novel cytosolic dual-specificity phosphatase
    • GROOM, L A., A. A. SNEDDON, D. R. ALESSI, S. DOWD, AND S. M. KEYSE. Differential regulation of the MAP, SAP and RK/p38 kinases by Pyst1, a novel cytosolic dual-specificity phosphatase. EMBO J. 15: 3621-3632, 1996.
    • (1996) EMBO J. , vol.15 , pp. 3621-3632
    • Groom, L.A.1    Sneddon, A.A.2    Alessi, D.R.3    Dowd, S.4    Keyse, S.M.5
  • 124
    • 0028905076 scopus 로고
    • Transcription factor ATF2 regulation by the JNK signal transduction pathway
    • GUPTA, S., D. CAMPBELL, B. DEŔIJARD, AND R. J. DAVIS. Transcription factor ATF2 regulation by the JNK signal transduction pathway. Science 267: 389-393, 1995.
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 389-393
    • Gupta, S.1    Campbell, D.2    Deŕijard, B.3    Davis, R.J.4
  • 125
    • 0029012476 scopus 로고
    • A c-Jun dominant negative mutant protects sympathetic neurons against programmed cell death
    • HAM, J., C. BABIJ, J. WHITFIELD, C. M. PFARR, D. LALLEMAND, M. YANIV, AND L. L. RUBIN. A c-Jun dominant negative mutant protects sympathetic neurons against programmed cell death. Neuron 14: 927-939, 1995.
    • (1995) Neuron , vol.14 , pp. 927-939
    • Ham, J.1    Babij, C.2    Whitfield, J.3    Pfarr, C.M.4    Lallemand, D.5    Yaniv, M.6    Rubin, L.L.7
  • 126
    • 0031962080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and characterization of a Drosophila p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
    • HAN, J., K. Y. CHOI, P. T. BREY, AND W. J. LEE. Molecular cloning and characterization of a Drosophila p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 369-374, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.273 , pp. 369-374
    • Han, J.1    Choi, K.Y.2    Brey, P.T.3    Lee, W.J.4
  • 127
    • 0030894683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the transcription factor MEF2C by the MAP kinase p38 in inflammation
    • HAN, J., Y. JIANG, Z. LI, V. V. KRAVCHENKO, AND R. J. ULEVITCH. Activation of the transcription factor MEF2C by the MAP kinase p38 in inflammation. Nature 386: 296-299, 1997.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.386 , pp. 296-299
    • Han, J.1    Jiang, Y.2    Li, Z.3    Kravchenko, V.V.4    Ulevitch, R.J.5
  • 128
    • 0027936755 scopus 로고
    • A MAP kinase targeted by endotoxin and hyperosmolarity in mammalian cells
    • HAN, J., J. D. LEE, L. BIBBS, AND R. J. ULEVITCH. A MAP kinase targeted by endotoxin and hyperosmolarity in mammalian cells. Science 265: 808-811, 1994.
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 808-811
    • Han, J.1    Lee, J.D.2    Bibbs, L.3    Ulevitch, R.J.4
  • 129
    • 0027263251 scopus 로고
    • C. Elegans lin-45 raf gene participate in let-60 ras-stimulated vulval differentiation
    • HAN, M., A. GOLDEN, Y. HAN, AND P. W. STERNBERG. C. elegans lin-45 raf gene participate in let-60 ras-stimulated vulval differentiation. Nature 363: 133-140, 1993.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.363 , pp. 133-140
    • Han, M.1    Golden, A.2    Han, Y.3    Sternberg, P.W.4
  • 130
    • 0031866058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A conserved p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway regulates Drosophila immunity gene expression
    • HAN, Z. S., H. ENSLEN, X. HU, X. MENG, I. WU, T. BARRETT, R. J. DAVIS, AND Y. T. IP. A conserved p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway regulates Drosophila immunity gene expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18: 3527-3539, 1998.
    • (1998) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.18 , pp. 3527-3539
    • Han, Z.S.1    Enslen, H.2    Hu, X.3    Meng, X.4    Wu, I.5    Barrett, T.6    Davis, R.J.7    Ip, Y.T.8
  • 131
    • 0026037624 scopus 로고
    • A CAAX or a CAAL motif and a second signal are sufficient for plasma membrane targeting of ras proteins
    • HANCOCK, J. F., K. CADWALLADER, H. PATERSON, AND C. J. MARSHALL. A CAAX or a CAAL motif and a second signal are sufficient for plasma membrane targeting of ras proteins. EMBO J. 10: 4033-4039, 1991.
    • (1991) EMBO J. , vol.10 , pp. 4033-4039
    • Hancock, J.F.1    Cadwallader, K.2    Paterson, H.3    Marshall, C.J.4
  • 132
    • 0030826577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and expression of carp mitogen-activated protein kinases homologous to mammalian JNK/SAPK
    • HASHIMOTO, H., Y. MATSUO, Y. YOKOYAMA, H. TOYOHARA, AND M. SAKAGUCHI. Structure and expression of carp mitogen-activated protein kinases homologous to mammalian JNK/SAPK. J. Biochem. 122: 381-386, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biochem. , vol.122 , pp. 381-386
    • Hashimoto, H.1    Matsuo, Y.2    Yokoyama, Y.3    Toyohara, H.4    Sakaguchi, M.5
  • 133
    • 0028359636 scopus 로고
    • Insulin activates a novel adipocyte mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase that shows rapid phasic kinetics and is distinct from c-Raf
    • HAYSTEAD, C. M., P. GREGORY, A. SHIRAZI, P. FADDEN, C. MOSSE, P. DENT, AND T. A. HAYSTEAD. Insulin activates a novel adipocyte mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase that shows rapid phasic kinetics and is distinct from c-Raf. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 12804-12808, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 12804-12808
    • Haystead, C.M.1    Gregory, P.2    Shirazi, A.3    Fadden, P.4    Mosse, C.5    Dent, P.6    Haystead, T.A.7
  • 134
    • 0025776633 scopus 로고
    • Sequence of pp42/MAP kinase, a serine/threonine kinase regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation
    • HER, J. H., J. WU, T. B. RALL, T. W. STURGILL, AND M. J. WEBER. Sequence of pp42/MAP kinase, a serine/threonine kinase regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation. Nucleic Acids Res. 19: 37-43, 1991.
    • (1991) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.19 , pp. 37-43
    • Her, J.H.1    Wu, J.2    Rall, T.B.3    Sturgill, T.W.4    Weber, M.J.5
  • 136
    • 0028985079 scopus 로고
    • MAP kinase pathways in yeast: For mating and more
    • HERSKOWITZ, I. MAP kinase pathways in yeast: for mating and more. Cell 80: 187-197, 1995.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.80 , pp. 187-197
    • Herskowitz, I.1
  • 137
    • 0030024707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the JNK pathway by distantly related protein kinases, MEKK and MUK
    • HIRAI, S.-I., M. IZAWA, S.-I. OSADA, G. SPYROU, AND S. OHNO. Activation of the JNK pathway by distantly related protein kinases, MEKK and MUK. Oncogene 12: 641-650, 1996.
    • (1996) Oncogene , vol.12 , pp. 641-650
    • Hirai, S.-I.1    Izawa, M.2    Osada, S.-I.3    Spyrou, G.4    Ohno, S.5
  • 138
    • 0030918591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MST/MLK2, a member of the mixed lineage kinase family, directly phosphorylates and activates SEK1, an activator of c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase
    • HIRAI, S.-I., M. KATOH, M. TERADA, J. M. KYRIAKIS, L. I. ZON, A. RANA, J. AVRUCH, AND S. OHNO. MST/MLK2, a member of the mixed lineage kinase family, directly phosphorylates and activates SEK1, an activator of c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 15167-15173, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 15167-15173
    • Hirai, S.-I.1    Katoh, M.2    Terada, M.3    Kyriakis, J.M.4    Zon, L.I.5    Rana, A.6    Avruch, J.7    Ohno, S.8
  • 139
    • 0029947996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MEK kinase is involved in tumor necrosis factor α-induced NF-kB activation and degradation of IkB-α
    • HIRANO, M., S.-I. OSADA, T. AOKI, S.-I. HIRAI, M. HOSAKA, J.-I. INOUE, AND S. OHNO. MEK kinase is involved in tumor necrosis factor α-induced NF-kB activation and degradation of IkB-α. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 13234-13238, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 13234-13238
    • Hirano, M.1    Osada, S.-I.2    Aoki, T.3    Hirai, S.-I.4    Hosaka, M.5    Inoue, J.-I.6    Ohno, S.7
  • 140
    • 0031058730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases inactivate stress-activated protein kinase pathways in vivo
    • HIRSCH, D. D., AND P. J. S. STORK. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases inactivate stress-activated protein kinase pathways in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 4568-4575, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 4568-4575
    • Hirsch, D.D.1    Stork, P.J.S.2
  • 141
    • 0030825190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MKK7 is a stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase functionally related to hemipterous
    • HOLLAND, P. M., M. SUZANNE, J. S. CAMPBELL, S. NOSELLI, AND J. A. COOPER. MKK7 is a stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase functionally related to hemipterous. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 24994-24998, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 24994-24998
    • Holland, P.M.1    Suzanne, M.2    Campbell, J.S.3    Noselli, S.4    Cooper, J.A.5
  • 142
    • 0028143060 scopus 로고
    • Identification, molecular cloning, and characterization of dual leucine zipper bearing kinase. A novel serine/threonine protein kinase that defines a second subfamily of mixed lineage kinases
    • HOLZMAN, L. B., S. E. MERRITT, AND G. FAN. Identification, molecular cloning, and characterization of dual leucine zipper bearing kinase. A novel serine/threonine protein kinase that defines a second subfamily of mixed lineage kinases. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 30808-30817, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 30808-30817
    • Holzman, L.B.1    Merritt, S.E.2    Fan, G.3
  • 143
    • 0030742943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drosophila Jun relays the Jun amino-terminal kinase signal transduction pathway to the Decapentaplegic signal transduction pathway in regulating epithelial cell sheet movement
    • HOU, X. S., E. S. GOLDSTEIN, AND N. PERRIMON. Drosophila Jun relays the Jun amino-terminal kinase signal transduction pathway to the Decapentaplegic signal transduction pathway in regulating epithelial cell sheet movement. Genes Dev. 11: 1728-1737, 1997.
    • (1997) Genes Dev. , vol.11 , pp. 1728-1737
    • Hou, X.S.1    Goldstein, E.S.2    Perrimon, N.3
  • 145
    • 0030693181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3 are p53 N-terminal serine 34 kinases
    • HU, M. C., W. R. QIU, AND Y. P. WANG. JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3 are p53 N-terminal serine 34 kinases. Oncogene 15: 2277-2287, 1997.
    • (1997) Oncogene , vol.15 , pp. 2277-2287
    • Hu, M.C.1    Qiu, W.R.2    Wang, Y.P.3
  • 146
    • 0028118445 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and sequencing of a carp cDNA encoding mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
    • HUANG, C. J., M. S. LEE, G. D. CHANG, F. L. HUANG, AND T. B. LO. Molecular cloning and sequencing of a carp cDNA encoding mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1220: 223-225, 1994.
    • (1994) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1220 , pp. 223-225
    • Huang, C.J.1    Lee, M.S.2    Chang, G.D.3    Huang, F.L.4    Lo, T.B.5
  • 147
    • 0031026008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The protein kinases of budding yeast: Six score and more
    • HUNTER, T., AND G. D. PLOWMAN. The protein kinases of budding yeast: six score and more. Trends Biochem. Sci. 22: 18-22, 1997.
    • (1997) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 18-22
    • Hunter, T.1    Plowman, G.D.2
  • 148
    • 0029257283 scopus 로고
    • Gibberellin-regulated expression in oat aleurone cells of two kinases that show homology to MAP kinase and a ribosomal protein kinase
    • HUTTLY, A. K., AND A. L. PHILLIPS. Gibberellin-regulated expression in oat aleurone cells of two kinases that show homology to MAP kinase and a ribosomal protein kinase. Plant Mol. Biol. 27: 1043-1052, 1995.
    • (1995) Plant Mol. Biol. , vol.27 , pp. 1043-1052
    • Huttly, A.K.1    Phillips, A.L.2
  • 150
    • 23444453486 scopus 로고
    • MLK-3: Identification of a widely-expressed protein kinase bearing an SH3 domain and a leucine zipper-basic region domain
    • ING, Y. L., I. W. LEUNG, H. H. HENG, L. C. TSUI, AND N. J. LASSAM. MLK-3: identification of a widely-expressed protein kinase bearing an SH3 domain and a leucine zipper-basic region domain. Oncogene 9: 1745-1750, 1994.
    • (1994) Oncogene , vol.9 , pp. 1745-1750
    • Ing, Y.L.1    Leung, I.W.2    Heng, H.H.3    Tsui, L.C.4    Lassam, N.J.5
  • 151
    • 0030777328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutational analysis of STE5 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Application of a differential interaction trap assay for examining protein-protein interactions
    • INOUYE, C., N. DHILLON, T. DURFEE, P. C. ZAMBRYSKI, AND J. THORNER. Mutational analysis of STE5 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: application of a differential interaction trap assay for examining protein-protein interactions. Genetics 147: 479-492, 1997.
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.147 , pp. 479-492
    • Inouye, C.1    Dhillon, N.2    Durfee, T.3    Zambryski, P.C.4    Thorner, J.5
  • 152
    • 0030815533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ste5 RING-H2 domain: Role in Ste4-promoted oligomerization for yeast pheromone signaling
    • INOUYE, C., N. DHILLON, AND J. THORNER. Ste5 RING-H2 domain: role in Ste4-promoted oligomerization for yeast pheromone signaling. Science 278: 103-106, 1997.
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 103-106
    • Inouye, C.1    Dhillon, N.2    Thorner, J.3
  • 153
    • 0028051904 scopus 로고
    • Stimulatory effects of yeast and mammalian 14-3-3 proteins on the Raf protein kinase
    • IRIE, K., Y. GOTOH, B. M. YASHAR, B. ERREDE, E. NISHIDA, AND K. MATSUMOTO. Stimulatory effects of yeast and mammalian 14-3-3 proteins on the Raf protein kinase. Science 265: 1716-1719, 1994.
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 1716-1719
    • Irie, K.1    Gotoh, Y.2    Yashar, B.M.3    Errede, B.4    Nishida, E.5    Matsumoto, K.6
  • 154
    • 0027192944 scopus 로고
    • MKK1 and MKK2, which encode Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitogen-activated protein kinase-kinase homologs, function in the pathway mediated by protein kinase C
    • IRIE, K., M. TAKASE, K. S. LEE, D. E. LEVIN, H. ARAKI, K. MATSUMOTO, AND Y. OSHIMA. MKK1 and MKK2, which encode Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitogen-activated protein kinase-kinase homologs, function in the pathway mediated by protein kinase C. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 3076-3083, 1993.
    • (1993) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 3076-3083
    • Irie, K.1    Takase, M.2    Lee, K.S.3    Levin, D.E.4    Araki, H.5    Matsumoto, K.6    Oshima, Y.7
  • 155
    • 0023137552 scopus 로고
    • Rat c-raf oncogene activation by a rearrangement that produces a fused protein
    • ISHIKAWA, F., F. TAKAKU, M. NAGAO, AND T. SUGIMURA. Rat c-raf oncogene activation by a rearrangement that produces a fused protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7: 1226-1232, 1987.
    • (1987) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 1226-1232
    • Ishikawa, F.1    Takaku, F.2    Nagao, M.3    Sugimura, T.4
  • 156
    • 0023606110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The complete primary structure of the rat A-raf cDNA coding region: Conservation of the putative regulatory regions present in rat c-raf
    • ISHIKAWA, F., F. TAKAKU, M. NAGAO, AND T. SUGIMURA. The complete primary structure of the rat A-raf cDNA coding region: conservation of the putative regulatory regions present in rat c-raf. Oncogene Res. 1: 243-253, 1997.
    • (1997) Oncogene Res. , vol.1 , pp. 243-253
    • Ishikawa, F.1    Takaku, F.2    Nagao, M.3    Sugimura, T.4
  • 158
    • 0028031527 scopus 로고
    • The mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade is activated by B-Raf in response to nerve growth factor through interaction with p21ras
    • JAISWAL, R. K., S. A. MOODIE, A. WOLFMAN, AND G. E. LANDRETH. The mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade is activated by B-Raf in response to nerve growth factor through interaction with p21ras. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14: 6944-6953, 1994.
    • (1994) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 6944-6953
    • Jaiswal, R.K.1    Moodie, S.A.2    Wolfman, A.3    Landreth, G.E.4
  • 159
    • 0031052087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the Sap-1a transcription factor by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase
    • JANKNECHT, R., AND T. HUNTER. Activation of the Sap-1a transcription factor by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 4219-4224, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 4219-4224
    • Janknecht, R.1    Hunter, T.2
  • 162
    • 0029982565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the structure and function of a new mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38β)
    • JIANG, Y., C. CHEN, Z. LI, W. GUO, G. A. GEGNER, S. LIN, AND J. HAN. Characterization of the structure and function of a new mitogen-activated
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 17920-17926
    • Jiang, Y.1    Chen, C.2    Li, Z.3    Guo, W.4    Gegner, G.A.5    Lin, S.6    Han, J.7
  • 163
    • 0030828701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the structure and function of the fourth member of p38 group mitogen-activated protein kinases, p38δ
    • JIANG, Y., H. GRAM, M. ZHAO, L NEW, J. GU, L. FENG, F. DI PADOVA, R. J. ULEVITCH, AND J. HAN. Characterization of the structure and function of the fourth member of p38 group mitogen-activated protein kinases, p38δ. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 30122-30128, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 30122-30128
    • Jiang, Y.1    Gram, H.2    Zhao, M.3    New, L.4    Gu, J.5    Feng, L.6    Padova, F.D.I.7    Ulevitch, R.J.8    Han, J.9
  • 165
    • 0029993727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active and inactive protein kinases: Structural basis for regulation
    • JOHNSON, L. N., M. E. NOBLE, AND D. J. OWEN. Active and inactive protein kinases: structural basis for regulation. Cell 85: 149-158, 1996.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.85 , pp. 149-158
    • Johnson, L.N.1    Noble, M.E.2    Owen, D.J.3
  • 166
    • 0029744042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress signaling in plants: A mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is activated by cold and drought
    • JONAK, C., S. KIEGERL, W. LIGTERINK, P. J. BARKER, N. S. HUSKISSON, AND H. HIRT. Stress signaling in plants: a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is activated by cold and drought. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 11274-11279, 1996.
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 11274-11279
    • Jonak, C.1    Kiegerl, S.2    Ligterink, W.3    Barker, P.J.4    Huskisson, N.S.5    Hirt, H.6
  • 167
    • 0028784974 scopus 로고
    • MMK2, a novel alfalfa MAP kinase, specifically complements the yeast MPK1 function
    • JONAK, C., S. KIEGERL, C. LLOYD, J. CHAN, AND H. HIRT. MMK2, a novel alfalfa MAP kinase, specifically complements the yeast MPK1 function. Mol. Gen. Genet. 248: 686-694, 1995.
    • (1995) Mol. Gen. Genet. , vol.248 , pp. 686-694
    • Jonak, C.1    Kiegerl, S.2    Lloyd, C.3    Chan, J.4    Hirt, H.5
  • 168
    • 0027587287 scopus 로고
    • The plant homologue of a MAP kinase is expressed in a cell cycle-dependent and organ-specific manner
    • JONAK, C., A. PAY, L. BOGRE, H. HIRT, AND E. HEBERLE-BORS. The plant homologue of a MAP kinase is expressed in a cell cycle-dependent and organ-specific manner. Plant J. 3: 611-617, 1993.
    • (1993) Plant J. , vol.3 , pp. 611-617
    • Jonak, C.1    Pay, A.2    Bogre, L.3    Hirt, H.4    Heberle-Bors, E.5
  • 169
    • 0028609209 scopus 로고
    • JNK2 contains a specificity-determining region responsible for efficient c-Jun binding and phosphorylation
    • KALLUNKI, T., B. SU, I. TSIGELNY, H. K. SLUSS, B. DERIJARD, G. MOORE, R. J. DAVIS, AND M. KARIN. JNK2 contains a specificity-determining region responsible for efficient c-Jun binding and phosphorylation. Genes Dev. 8: 2996-3007, 1994.
    • (1994) Genes Dev. , vol.8 , pp. 2996-3007
    • Kallunki, T.1    Su, B.2    Tsigelny, I.3    Sluss, H.K.4    Derijard, B.5    Moore, G.6    Davis, R.J.7    Karin, M.8
  • 170
    • 0032014073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA damaging agents induce expression of Fas ligand and subsequent apoptosis in T lymphocytes via the activation of NF-kB and AP-1
    • KASIBHATLA, S., T. BRUNNER, L. GENESTIER, F. ECHEVERRI, A. MAHBOUBI, AND D. R. GREEN. DNA damaging agents induce expression of Fas ligand and subsequent apoptosis in T lymphocytes via the activation of NF-kB and AP-1. Mol. Cell 1: 543-551, 1998.
    • (1998) Mol. Cell , vol.1 , pp. 543-551
    • Kasibhatla, S.1    Brunner, T.2    Genestier, L.3    Echeverri, F.4    Mahboubi, A.5    Green, D.R.6
  • 171
    • 0030038538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress signal, mediated by a Hog1-like MAP kinase, controls sexual development in fission yeast
    • KATO, T. J., K. OKAZAKI, H. MURAKAMI, S. STETTLER, P. A. FANTES, AND H. OKAYAMA. Stress signal, mediated by a Hog1-like MAP kinase, controls sexual development in fission yeast. FEBS Lett. 378: 207-212, 1996.
    • (1996) FEBS Lett. , vol.378 , pp. 207-212
    • Kato, T.J.1    Okazaki, K.2    Murakami, H.3    Stettler, S.4    Fantes, P.A.5    Okayama, H.6
  • 172
    • 0030694387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BMK1/ERK5 regulates serum-induced early gene expression through transcription factor MEF2C
    • KATO, Y., V. V. KRAVCHENKO, R. I. TAPPING, J. HAN, R. J. ULEVITCH, AND J. D. LEE. BMK1/ERK5 regulates serum-induced early gene expression through transcription factor MEF2C. EMBO J. 16: 7054-7066, 1997.
    • (1997) EMBO J. , vol.16 , pp. 7054-7066
    • Kato, Y.1    Kravchenko, V.V.2    Tapping, R.I.3    Han, J.4    Ulevitch, R.J.5    Lee, J.D.6
  • 173
    • 0028917384 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and characterization of MST, a novel (putative) serine/threonine kinase with SH3 domain
    • KATOH, M., M. HIRAI, T. SUGIMURA, AND M. TERADA. Cloning and characterization of MST, a novel (putative) serine/threonine kinase with SH3 domain. Oncogene 10: 1447-1451, 1995.
    • (1995) Oncogene , vol.10 , pp. 1447-1451
    • Katoh, M.1    Hirai, M.2    Sugimura, T.3    Terada, M.4
  • 174
    • 0023917237 scopus 로고
    • Protein kinase C mediates platelet-derived growth factor-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of p42
    • KAZLAUSKAS, A., AND J. A. COOPER. Protein kinase C mediates platelet-derived growth factor-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of p42. J. Cell Biol. 106: 1395-1402, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Cell Biol. , vol.106 , pp. 1395-1402
    • Kazlauskas, A.1    Cooper, J.A.2
  • 176
    • 0028998794 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of human leukocyte p21-activated kinases through G protein-coupled receptors
    • KNAUS, U. G., S. MORRIS, H. J. DONG, J. CHERNOFF, AND G. M. BOKOCH. Regulation of human leukocyte p21-activated kinases through G protein-coupled receptors. Science 269: 221-223, 1995.
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 221-223
    • Knaus, U.G.1    Morris, S.2    Dong, H.J.3    Chernoff, J.4    Bokoch, G.M.5
  • 177
    • 0026342401 scopus 로고
    • Crystal structure of the catalytic subunit of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase
    • KNIGHTON, D. R., J. H. ZHENG, L. F. TEN EYCK, V. A. ASHFORD, N. H. XUONG, S. S. TAYLOR, AND J. M. SOWADSKI. Crystal structure of the catalytic subunit of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. Science 253: 407-414, 1991.
    • (1991) Science , vol.253 , pp. 407-414
    • Knighton, D.R.1    Zheng, J.H.2    Ten Eyck, L.F.3    Ashford, V.A.4    Xuong, N.H.5    Taylor, S.S.6    Sowadski, J.M.7
  • 178
    • 0026326821 scopus 로고
    • Structure of a peptide inhibitor bound to the catalytic subunit of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase
    • KNIGHTON, D. R., J. H. ZHENG, L. F. TEN EYCK, N. H. XUONG, S. S. TAYLOR, AND J. M. SOWADSKI. Structure of a peptide inhibitor bound to the catalytic subunit of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. Science 253: 414-420, 1991.
    • (1991) Science , vol.253 , pp. 414-420
    • Knighton, D.R.1    Zheng, J.H.2    Ten Eyck, L.F.3    Xuong, N.H.4    Taylor, S.S.5    Sowadski, J.M.6
  • 179
    • 0027201548 scopus 로고
    • GTP-dependent association of Raf-1 with Ha-Ras: Identification of Raf as a target downstream of Ras in mammalian cells
    • KOIDE, H., T. SATOH, M. NAKAFUKU, AND Y. KAZIRO. GTP-dependent association of Raf-1 with Ha-Ras: identification of Raf as a target downstream of Ras in mammalian cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 8683-8686, 1993.
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 8683-8686
    • Koide, H.1    Satoh, T.2    Nakafuku, M.3    Kaziro, Y.4
  • 180
    • 0025979335 scopus 로고
    • Raf-1 protein kinase is required for growth of induced NIH/3T3 cells
    • KOLCH, W., G. HEIDECKER, P. LLOYD, AND U. R. RAPP. Raf-1 protein kinase is required for growth of induced NIH/3T3 cells. Nature 349: 426-428, 1991.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.349 , pp. 426-428
    • Kolch, W.1    Heidecker, G.2    Lloyd, P.3    Rapp, U.R.4
  • 181
    • 0028947528 scopus 로고
    • The Caenorhabditis elegans gene mek-2 is required for vulval induction and encodes a protein similar to the protein kinase MEK
    • KORNFELD, K., K. L. GUAN, AND H. R. HORVITZ. The Caenorhabditis elegans gene mek-2 is required for vulval induction and encodes a protein similar to the protein kinase MEK. Genes Dev. 9: 756-768, 1995.
    • (1995) Genes Dev. , vol.9 , pp. 756-768
    • Kornfeld, K.1    Guan, K.L.2    Horvitz, H.R.3
  • 182
    • 0027463637 scopus 로고
    • CDNA cloning of MAP kinase kinase reveals kinase cascade pathways in yeasts to vertebrates
    • KOSAKO, H., E. NISHIDA, AND Y. GOTOH. cDNA cloning of MAP kinase kinase reveals kinase cascade pathways in yeasts to vertebrates. EMBO J. 12: 787-794, 1993.
    • (1993) EMBO J. , vol.12 , pp. 787-794
    • Kosako, H.1    Nishida, E.2    Gotoh, Y.3
  • 183
    • 0028865754 scopus 로고
    • Thrombin induces activation of p38 MAP kinase in human platelets
    • KRAMER, R. M., E. F. ROBERTS, B. A. STRIFFLER, AND E. M. JOHNSTONE. Thrombin induces activation of p38 MAP kinase in human platelets. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 27395-27398, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 27395-27398
    • Kramer, R.M.1    Roberts, E.F.2    Striffler, B.A.3    Johnstone, E.M.4
  • 184
    • 0028057744 scopus 로고
    • The MAP kinase Fus3 associates with and phosphorylates the upstream signaling component Ste5
    • KRANZ, J. E., B. SATTERBERG, AND E. A. ELION. The MAP kinase Fus3 associates with and phosphorylates the upstream signaling component Ste5. Genes Dev. 8: 313-327, 1994.
    • (1994) Genes Dev. , vol.8 , pp. 313-327
    • Kranz, J.E.1    Satterberg, B.2    Elion, E.A.3
  • 185
    • 0027967087 scopus 로고
    • SMK1, a developmentally regulated MAP kinase, is required for spore wall assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • KRISAK, L., R. STRICH, R. S. WINTERS, J. P. HALL, M. J. MALLORY, D. KREITZER, R. S. TUAN, AND E. WINTER. SMK1, a developmentally regulated MAP kinase, is required for spore wall assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes Dev. 8: 2151-2161, 1994.
    • (1994) Genes Dev. , vol.8 , pp. 2151-2161
    • Krisak, L.1    Strich, R.2    Winters, R.S.3    Hall, J.P.4    Mallory, M.J.5    Kreitzer, D.6    Tuan, R.S.7    Winter, E.8
  • 186
    • 0030998260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitogen-activated and cyclin-dependent protein kinases selectively and differentially modulate transcriptional enhancement by the glucocorticoid receptor
    • KRSTIC, M. D., I. ROGATSKY, K. R. YAMAMOTO, AND M. J. GARABEDIAN. Mitogen-activated and cyclin-dependent protein kinases selectively and differentially modulate transcriptional enhancement by the glucocorticoid receptor. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17: 3947-3954, 1997.
    • (1997) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 3947-3954
    • Krstic, M.D.1    Rogatsky, I.2    Yamamoto, K.R.3    Garabedian, M.J.4
  • 189
    • 0028107517 scopus 로고
    • A MAP kinase homolog, mpk-1, is involved in ras-mediated induction of vulval cell fates in Caenorhabditis elegans
    • LACKNER, M. R., K. KORNFELD, L. M. MILLER, H. R. HORVITZ, AND S. K. KIM. A MAP kinase homolog, mpk-1, is involved in ras-mediated induction of vulval cell fates in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genes Dev. 8: 160-173, 1994.
    • (1994) Genes Dev. , vol.8 , pp. 160-173
    • Lackner, M.R.1    Kornfeld, K.2    Miller, L.M.3    Horvitz, H.R.4    Kim, S.K.5
  • 190
    • 0028074621 scopus 로고
    • Ras-dependent growth factor regulation of MEK kinase in PC12 cells
    • LANGE-CARTER, C. A., AND G. L. JOHNSON. Ras-dependent growth factor regulation of MEK kinase in PC12 cells. Science 265: 1458-1461, 1994.
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 1458-1461
    • Lange-Carter, C.A.1    Johnson, G.L.2
  • 191
    • 0027215820 scopus 로고
    • A divergence in the MAp kinase regulatory network defined by MEK kinase and Raf
    • LANGE-CARTER, C. A., C. M. PLEIMAN, A. M. GARDNER, K. J. BLUMER, AND G. L. JOHNSON. A divergence in the MAP kinase regulatory network defined by MEK kinase and Raf. Science 260: 315-319, 1993.
    • (1993) Science , vol.260 , pp. 315-319
    • Lange-Carter, C.A.1    Pleiman, C.M.2    Gardner, A.M.3    Blumer, K.J.4    Johnson, G.L.5
  • 194
    • 0030310201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A temporal and biochemical link between growth factor-activated MAP kinases, cyclin D1 induction and cell cycle entry
    • LAVOIE, J. N., N. RIVARD, G. L'ALLEMAIN, AND J. POUYSSEǴUR. A temporal and biochemical link between growth factor-activated MAP kinases, cyclin D1 induction and cell cycle entry. Prog. Cell Cycle Res. 2: 49-58, 1996.
    • (1996) Prog. Cell Cycle Res. , vol.2 , pp. 49-58
    • Lavoie, J.N.1    Rivard, N.2    L'Allemain, G.3    Pouysseǵur, J.4
  • 195
    • 0029911710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ERK6, a mitogen-activated protein kinase involved in C2C12 myoblast differentiation
    • LECHNER, C., M. A. ZAHALKA, J. F. GIOT, N. P. MOLLER, AND A. ULLRICH. ERK6, a mitogen-activated protein kinase involved in C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 4355-4359, 1996.
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 4355-4359
    • Lechner, C.1    Zahalka, M.A.2    Giot, J.F.3    Moller, N.P.4    Ullrich, A.5
  • 196
    • 0031285250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the I-kappa-Bα kinase complex by MEKK1, a kinase of the JNK pathway
    • LEE, F. S., J. HAGLER, Z. J. CHEN, AND T. MANIATIS. Activation of the I-kappa-Bα kinase complex by MEKK1, a kinase of the JNK pathway. Cell 88: 213-222, 1997.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.88 , pp. 213-222
    • Lee, F.S.1    Hagler, J.2    Chen, Z.J.3    Maniatis, T.4
  • 198
    • 0028199802 scopus 로고
    • The complete sequence and promoter activity of the human A-raf-1 gene (ARAF1)
    • LEE, J. E., T. W. BECK, U. BRENNSCHEIDT, L. J. DEGENNARO, AND U. R. RAPP. The complete sequence and promoter activity of the human A-raf-1 gene (ARAF1). Genomics 20: 43-55, 1994.
    • (1994) Genomics , vol.20 , pp. 43-55
    • Lee, J.E.1    Beck, T.W.2    Brennscheidt, U.3    Degennaro, L.J.4    Rapp, U.R.5
  • 200
    • 0026584373 scopus 로고
    • Dominant mutations in a gene encoding a putative protein kinase (BCK1) bypass the requirement for a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein kinase C homolog
    • LEE, K. S., AND D. E. LEVIN. Dominant mutations in a gene encoding a putative protein kinase (BCK1) bypass the requirement for a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein kinase C homolog. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12: 172-182, 1992.
    • (1992) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 172-182
    • Lee, K.S.1    Levin, D.E.2
  • 201
    • 0028272507 scopus 로고
    • Requirement for Ras in Raf activation is overcome by targetting Raf to the plasma membrane
    • LEEVERS, S. J., H. F. PATERSON, AND C. J. MARSHALL. Requirement for Ras in Raf activation is overcome by targetting Raf to the plasma membrane. Nature 369: 411-414, 1994.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.369 , pp. 411-414
    • Leevers, S.J.1    Paterson, H.F.2    Marshall, C.J.3
  • 203
    • 0027283659 scopus 로고
    • Growth factors induce nuclear translocation of MAP kinases (p42mapk and p44mapk) but not their activator MAP kinase kinase (p45mapkk) in fibroblasts
    • LENORMAND, P., C. SARDET, G. PAGES, G. L'ALLEMAIN, A. BRUNET, AND J. POUYSSEǴUR. Growth factors induce nuclear translocation of MAP kinases (p42mapk and p44mapk) but not their activator MAP kinase kinase (p45mapkk) in fibroblasts. J. Cell Biol. 122: 1079-1088, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Cell Biol. , vol.122 , pp. 1079-1088
    • Lenormand, P.1    Sardet, C.2    Pages, G.3    L'Allemain, G.4    Brunet, A.5    Pouysseǵur, J.6
  • 204
    • 0025823451 scopus 로고
    • The cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates the rap1 protein in vitro as well as in intact fibroblasts, but not the closely related rap2 protein
    • LEROSEY, I., V. PIZON, A. TAVTTIAN, AND J. DE GUNZBURG. The cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates the rap1 protein in vitro as well as in intact fibroblasts, but not the closely related rap2 protein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 175: 430-436, 1991.
    • (1991) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.175 , pp. 430-436
    • Lerosey, I.1    Pizon, V.2    Tavttian, A.3    De Gunzburg, J.4
  • 206
    • 0026511056 scopus 로고
    • Mutants in the S. Cerevisiae PKC1 gene display a cell cycle-specific osmotic stability defect
    • LEVIN, D. E., AND E. BARTLETT-HEUBUSCH. Mutants in the S. cerevisiae PKC1 gene display a cell cycle-specific osmotic stability defect. J. Cell Biol. 116: 1221-1229, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Cell Biol. , vol.116 , pp. 1221-1229
    • Levin, D.E.1    Bartlett-Heubusch, E.2
  • 207
    • 0030758210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning and expression of cDNA encoding a mitogen-activated protein kinase from a phytopathogonic filamentous fungus
    • LI, D., L. ROGERS, AND P. E. KOLATTUKUDY. Cloning and expression of cDNA encoding a mitogen-activated protein kinase from a phytopathogonic filamentous fungus. Gene 195: 161-166, 1997.
    • (1997) Gene , vol.195 , pp. 161-166
    • Li, D.1    Rogers, L.2    Kolattukudy, P.E.3
  • 208
    • 0030846573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptor-mediated activation of a MAP kinase in pathogen defense of plants
    • LIGTERINK, W., T. KROJ, U. ZUR NIEDEN, H. HIRT, AND D. SCHEEL. Receptor-mediated activation of a MAP kinase in pathogen defense of plants. Science 276: 2054-2057, 1997.
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 2054-2057
    • Ligterink, W.1    Kroj, T.2    Zur Nieden, U.3    Hirt, H.4    Scheel, D.5
  • 209
    • 0029811161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro enhancement of p38 mitogon-activated protein kinase activity by phosphorylated glia maturation factor
    • LIM, R., AND A. ZAHEER. In vitro enhancement of p38 mitogon-activated protein kinase activity by phosphorylated glia maturation factor. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 22953-22956, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 22953-22956
    • Lim, R.1    Zaheer, A.2
  • 211
    • 0030298294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissection of TNF receptor 1 effector functions: JNK activation is not linked to apoptosis while NF-kB activation prevents cell death
    • LIU, Z.-G., H. HSU, D. V. GOEDDEL, AND M. KARIN. Dissection of TNF receptor 1 effector functions: JNK activation is not linked to apoptosis while NF-kB activation prevents cell death. Cell 87: 565-576, 1996.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.87 , pp. 565-576
    • Liu, Z.-G.1    Hsu, H.2    Goeddel, D.V.3    Karin, M.4
  • 212
    • 0028238271 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning of an Entamoeba histolytica gene encoding a putative mos family serine/ threonine-kinase
    • LOHIA, A., AND J. SAMUELSON. Molecular cloning of an Entamoeba histolytica gene encoding a putative mos family serine/ threonine-kinase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1222: 122-124, 1994.
    • (1994) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1222 , pp. 122-124
    • Lohia, A.1    Samuelson, J.2
  • 213
    • 0031037296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkage of G protein-coupled receptors to the MAPK signaling pathway through PI 3-kinase gamma
    • LOPEZ-ILASACA, M., P. CRESPO, P. G. PELLICI, J. S. GUTKIND, AND R. WETZKER. Linkage of G protein-coupled receptors to the MAPK signaling pathway through PI 3-kinase gamma. Science 275: 394-397, 1997.
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 394-397
    • Lopez-Ilasaca, M.1    Crespo, P.2    Pellici, P.G.3    Gutkind, J.S.4    Wetzker, R.5
  • 214
    • 0031080595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of Pak by membrane localization mediated by an SH3 domain from the adaptor protein Nck
    • LU, W., S. KATZ, R. GUPTA, AND B. J. MAYER. Activation of Pak by membrane localization mediated by an SH3 domain from the adaptor protein Nck. Curr. Biol. 7: 85-94, 1997.
    • (1997) Curr. Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 85-94
    • Lu, W.1    Katz, S.2    Gupta, R.3    Mayer, B.J.4
  • 215
    • 0030614911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gβγ subunits mediate Src-dependent phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. A scaffold for G protein-coupled receptor-mediated Ras activation
    • LUTTRELL, L. M., G. J. DELLA ROCCA, T. VAN BIESEN, D. K. LUTTRELL, AND R. J. LEFKOWITZ. Gβγ subunits mediate Src-dependent phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. A scaffold for G protein-coupled receptor-mediated Ras activation. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 4637-4644, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 4637-4644
    • Luttrell, L.M.1    Rocca, G.J.D.2    Van Biesen, T.3    Luttrell, D.K.4    Lefkowitz, R.J.5
  • 216
    • 0030753611 scopus 로고
    • The Dictyostelium MAP kinase kinase DdMEK1 regulates chemotaxis and is essential for chemoattractant-mediated activation of guanylyl cyclase
    • MA, H., M. GAMPER, C. PARENT, AND R. A. FIRTEL. The Dictyostelium MAP kinase kinase DdMEK1 regulates chemotaxis and is essential for chemoattractant-mediated activation of guanylyl cyclase. EMBO J. 16: 4317-4332, 1097.
    • (1097) EMBO J. , vol.16 , pp. 4317-4332
    • Ma, H.1    Gamper, M.2    Parent, C.3    Firtel, R.A.4
  • 217
    • 0030731714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MAP kinases with distinct inhibitory functions impart signaling specificity during yeast differentiation
    • MADHANI, H. D., C. A. STYLES, AND G. R. FINK. MAP kinases with distinct inhibitory functions impart signaling specificity during yeast differentiation. Cell 91: 673-684, 1997.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.91 , pp. 673-684
    • Madhani, H.D.1    Styles, C.A.2    Fink, G.R.3
  • 218
    • 0030023040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seven helix chemoattractant receptors transiently stimulate mitogen-activated protein kinase in Dictyostelium. Role of heterotrimeric G proteins
    • MAEDA, M., L. AUBRY, R. INSALL, C. GASKINS, P. N. DEVREOTES, AND R. A. FIRTEL. Seven helix chemoattractant receptors transiently stimulate mitogen-activated protein kinase in Dictyostelium. Role of heterotrimeric G proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 3351-3354, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 3351-3354
    • Maeda, M.1    Aubry, L.2    Insall, R.3    Gaskins, C.4    Devreotes, P.N.5    Firtel, R.A.6
  • 219
    • 0030879854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK2 by the chemoattractant folic acid in Dictyostelium
    • MAEDA, M., AND R. A. FIRTEL. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK2 by the chemoattractant folic acid in Dictyostelium. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 23690-23695, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 23690-23695
    • Maeda, M.1    Firtel, R.A.2
  • 221
    • 0028078824 scopus 로고
    • A brain serine/threonine protein kinase activated by Cdc42 and Rac1
    • MANSER, E., T. LEUNG, H. SALIHUDDIN, Z. S. ZHAO, AND L. LIM. A brain serine/threonine protein kinase activated by Cdc42 and Rac1. Nature 367: 40-46, 1994.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.367 , pp. 40-46
    • Manser, E.1    Leung, T.2    Salihuddin, H.3    Zhao, Z.S.4    Lim, L.5
  • 222
    • 0032478610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requirement of Ras-GTP-Raf complexes for activation of Raf-1 by protein kinase C
    • MARAIS, R., Y. LIGHT, C. MASON, H. PATERSON, M. F. OLSON, AND C. J. MARSHALL. Requirement of Ras-GTP-Raf complexes for activation of Raf-1 by protein kinase C. Science 280: 109-112, 1998.
    • (1998) Science , vol.280 , pp. 109-112
    • Marais, R.1    Light, Y.2    Mason, C.3    Paterson, H.4    Olson, M.F.5    Marshall, C.J.6
  • 223
    • 0029006126 scopus 로고
    • Ras recruits Raf-1 to the plasma membrane for activation by tyrosine phosphorylation
    • MARAIS, R., Y. LIGHT, H. F. PATERSON, AND C. J. MARSHALL. Ras recruits Raf-1 to the plasma membrane for activation by tyrosine phosphorylation. EMBO J. 14: 3136-3145, 1095.
    • (1095) EMBO J. , vol.14 , pp. 3136-3145
    • Marais, R.1    Light, Y.2    Paterson, H.F.3    Marshall, C.J.4
  • 224
    • 0031041171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation of Raf-1, A-Raf, and B-Raf by oncogenic Ras and tyrosine kinases
    • MARAIS, R., Y. LIGHT, H. F. PATERSON, C. S. MASON, AND C. J. MARSHALL. Differential regulation of Raf-1, A-Raf, and B-Raf by oncogenic Ras and tyrosine kinases. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 4378-4383, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 4378-4383
    • Marais, R.1    Light, Y.2    Paterson, H.F.3    Mason, C.S.4    Marshall, C.J.5
  • 225
    • 0029855237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of the ERK MAP kinase cascade by Ras and Raf
    • MARAIS, R., AND C. J. MARSHALL. Control of the ERK MAP kinase cascade by Ras and Raf. Cancer Surv. 27: 101-125, 1996.
    • (1996) Cancer Surv. , vol.27 , pp. 101-125
    • Marais, R.1    Marshall, C.J.2
  • 226
    • 0027991228 scopus 로고
    • Complexes between STE5 and components of the pheromone-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinase module
    • MARCUS, S., A. POLVERINO, M. BARR, AND M. WIGLER. Complexes between STE5 and components of the pheromone-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinase module. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 7762-7766, 1994.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.91 , pp. 7762-7766
    • Marcus, S.1    Polverino, A.2    Barr, M.3    Wigler, M.4
  • 227
    • 0027996763 scopus 로고
    • Signalling from TPA to MAP kinase requires protein kinase C, raf and MEK: Reconstitution of the signalling pathway in vitro
    • MARQUARDT, B., D. FRITH, AND S. STABEL. Signalling from TPA to MAP kinase requires protein kinase C, raf and MEK: reconstitution of the signalling pathway in vitro. Oncogene 9: 3213-3218, 1994.
    • (1994) Oncogene , vol.9 , pp. 3213-3218
    • Marquardt, B.1    Frith, D.2    Stabel, S.3
  • 228
    • 0030027538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental expression in the mouse nervous system of the p493F12 SAP kinase
    • MARTIN, J. H., A. A. MOHIT, AND C. A. MILLER. Developmental expression in the mouse nervous system of the p493F12 SAP kinase. Brain Res. 35: 47-57, 1996.
    • (1996) Brain Res. , vol.35 , pp. 47-57
    • Martin, J.H.1    Mohit, A.A.2    Miller, C.A.3
  • 229
  • 230
    • 0029017076 scopus 로고
    • Purification and crystallization of a schistosomal glutathione S-transferase
    • MCTIGUE, M. A., S. L. BERNSTEIN, D. R. WILLIAMS, AND J. A. TAINER. Purification and crystallization of a schistosomal glutathione S-transferase. Proteins 22: 55-57, 1995.
    • (1995) Proteins , vol.22 , pp. 55-57
    • McTigue, M.A.1    Bernstein, S.L.2    Williams, D.R.3    Tainer, J.A.4
  • 231
    • 0029852922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary structure, expression and chromosomal locus of a human homolog of rat ERK3
    • MELOCHE, S., B. G. BEATTY, AND J. PELLERIN. Primary structure, expression and chromosomal locus of a human homolog of rat ERK3. Oncogene 13: 1575-1579, 1996.
    • (1996) Oncogene , vol.13 , pp. 1575-1579
    • Meloche, S.1    Beatty, B.G.2    Pellerin, J.3
  • 232
    • 0029913458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SAP kinase-3, a new member of the family of mammalian stress-activated protein kinases
    • MERTENS, S., M. CRAXTON, AND M. GOEDERT. SAP kinase-3, a new member of the family of mammalian stress-activated protein kinases. FEBS Lett. 383: 273-276, 1996.
    • (1996) FEBS Lett. , vol.383 , pp. 273-276
    • Mertens, S.1    Craxton, M.2    Goedert, M.3
  • 233
    • 0029879315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between c-Rel and the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 signaling cascade in mediating kB enhancer activation
    • MEYER, C. F., X. WANG, C. CHANG, D. TEMPLETON, AND T.-H. TAN. Interaction between c-Rel and the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 signaling cascade in mediating kB enhancer activation. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 8971-8976, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 8971-8976
    • Meyer, C.F.1    Wang, X.2    Chang, C.3    Templeton, D.4    Tan, T.-H.5
  • 234
    • 0029071689 scopus 로고
    • 14-3-3 is not essential for Raf-1 function: Identification of Raf-1 proteins that are biologically activated in a 14-3-3-and Ras-independent manner
    • MICHAUD, N. R., J. R. FABIAN, K. D. MATHES, AND D. K. MORRISON. 14-3-3 is not essential for Raf-1 function: identification of Raf-1 proteins that are biologically activated in a 14-3-3-and Ras-independent manner. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15: 3390-3397, 1995.
    • (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 3390-3397
    • Michaud, N.R.1    Fabian, J.R.2    Mathes, K.D.3    Morrison, D.K.4
  • 236
    • 0027049936 scopus 로고
    • Negative regulation of mitosis by two functionally overlapping PTPases in fission yeast
    • MILLAR, J. B., P. RUSSELL, J. E. DIXON, AND K. L. GUAN. Negative regulation of mitosis by two functionally overlapping PTPases in fission yeast. EMBO J. 11: 4943-4952, 1992.
    • (1992) EMBO J. , vol.11 , pp. 4943-4952
    • Millar, J.B.1    Russell, P.2    Dixon, J.E.3    Guan, K.L.4
  • 237
    • 0028966941 scopus 로고
    • P53 is phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by an ultraviolet radiation-induced protein kinase characteristic of the c-Jun kinase, JNK1
    • MILNE, D.M., L. E. CAMPBELL, D. G. CAMPBELL, AKD D.W. MEEK. p53 is phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by an ultraviolet radiation-induced protein kinase characteristic of the c-Jun kinase, JNK1. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 5511-5518, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 5511-5518
    • Milne, D.M.1    Campbell, L.E.2    Campbell, D.G.3    Meek, D.W.4
  • 238
    • 0027317736 scopus 로고
    • An inhibitory Raf-1 mutant suppresses expression of a subset of v-raf-activated genes
    • MILTENBERGER, R. J., J. CORTNER, AND P. J. FARNHAM. An inhibitory Raf-1 mutant suppresses expression of a subset of v-raf-activated genes. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 15674-15680, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.268 , pp. 15674-15680
    • Miltenberger, R.J.1    Cortner, J.2    Farnham, P.J.3
  • 239
    • 0028134981 scopus 로고
    • A MAP kinase-dependent spindle assembly checkpoint in Xenopus egg extracts
    • MINSHULL, J., H. SUN, N. K. TONKS, AND A. W. MURRAY. A MAP kinase-dependent spindle assembly checkpoint in Xenopus egg extracts. Cell 79: 475-486, 1994.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.79 , pp. 475-486
    • Minshull, J.1    Sun, H.2    Tonks, N.K.3    Murray, A.W.4
  • 241
    • 0028194848 scopus 로고
    • Control of meiotic gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • MITCHELL, A. P. Control of meiotic gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol. Rev. 58: 56-70, 1994.
    • (1994) Microbiol. Rev. , vol.58 , pp. 56-70
    • Mitchell, A.P.1
  • 243
    • 0025778893 scopus 로고
    • Structure and transforming potential of the human cot oncogene encoding a putative protein kinase
    • MIYOSHI, J., T. HIGASHI, H. MUKAI, T. OHUCHI, AND T. KAKUNAGA. Structure and transforming potential of the human cot oncogene encoding a putative protein kinase. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11: 4088-4096, 1991.
    • (1991) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.11 , pp. 4088-4096
    • Miyoshi, J.1    Higashi, T.2    Mukai, H.3    Ohuchi, T.4    Kakunaga, T.5
  • 244
    • 0028154459 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of two cDNAs that encode MAP kinase homologues in Arabidopsis thaliana and analysis of the possible role of auxin in activating such kinase activities in cultured cells
    • MIZOGUCHI, T., Y. GOTOH, E. NISHIDA, K. YAMAGUCHI-SHINOZAKI, N. HAYASHIDA, T. IWASAKI, H. KAMADA, AND K. SHINOZAKI. Characterization of two cDNAs that encode MAP kinase homologues in Arabidopsis thaliana and analysis of the possible role of auxin in activating such kinase activities in cultured cells. Plant J. 5: 111-122, 1994.
    • (1994) Plant J. , vol.5 , pp. 111-122
    • Mizoguchi, T.1    Gotoh, Y.2    Nishida, E.3    Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K.4    Hayashida, N.5    Iwasaki, T.6    Kamada, H.7    Shinozaki, K.8
  • 246
    • 0030052839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A gene encoding a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase is induced simultaneously with genes for a mitogen-activated protein kinase and an S6 ribosomal protein kinase by touch, cold, water stress in Arabidopsis thaliana
    • MIZOGUCHI, T., K. IRIE, T. HIRAYAMA, N. HAYASHIDA, K. YAMAGUCHI-SHINOZAKI, K. MATSUMOTO, AND K. SHINOZAKI. A gene encoding a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase is induced simultaneously with genes for a mitogen-activated protein kinase and an S6 ribosomal protein kinase by touch, cold, water stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 765-769, 1996.
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 765-769
    • Mizoguchi, T.1    Irie, K.2    Hirayama, T.3    Hayashida, N.4    Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K.5    Matsumoto, K.6    Shinozaki, K.7
  • 250
    • 0029895340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ras2 signals via the Cdc42/Ste20/mitogen-activated protein kinase module to induce filamentous growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • MOSCH, H. U., R. L. ROBERTS, AND G. R. FINK. Ras2 signals via the Cdc42/Ste20/mitogen-activated protein kinase module to induce filamentous growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 5352-5356, 1996.
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 5352-5356
    • Mosch, H.U.1    Roberts, R.L.2    Fink, G.R.3
  • 251
    • 0030028222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MKP-3, a novel cytosolic protein-tyrosine phosphatase that exemplifies a new class of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase
    • MUDA, M., U. BOSCHERT, R. DICKINSON, J.-C. MARTINOU, I. MARTINOU, M. CAMPS, W. SCHLEGEL, AND S. ARKINSTALL. MKP-3, a novel cytosolic protein-tyrosine phosphatase that exemplifies a new class of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 4319-4326, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 4319-4326
    • Muda, M.1    Boschert, U.2    Dickinson, R.3    Martinou, J.-C.4    Martinou, I.5    Camps, M.6    Schlegel, W.7    Arkinstall, S.8
  • 253
    • 0029910140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dual specificity phosphatases M3/6 and MKP-3 are highly selective for inactivation of distinct mitogen-activated protein kinases
    • MUDA, M., A. THEODOSIOU, N. RODRIGUES, U. BOSCHERT, M. CAMPS, C. GILLIERON, K. DAVIES, A. ASHWORTH, AND S. ARKINSTALL. The dual specificity phosphatases M3/6 and MKP-3 are highly selective for inactivation of distinct mitogen-activated protein kinases. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 27205-27208, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 27205-27208
    • Muda, M.1    Theodosiou, A.2    Rodrigues, N.3    Boschert, U.4    Camps, M.5    Gillieron, C.6    Davies, K.7    Ashworth, A.8    Arkinstall, S.9
  • 254
    • 0027190850 scopus 로고
    • Raf-1 protein kinase is important for progesterone-induced Xenopus oocyte maturation and acts downstream of mos
    • MUSLIN, A. J., A M. MACNICOL, AND L. T. WILLIAMS. Raf-1 protein kinase is important for progesterone-induced Xenopus oocyte maturation and acts downstream of mos. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 4197-4202, 1993.
    • (1993) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 4197-4202
    • Muslin, A.J.1    Macnicol, A.M.2    Williams, L.T.3
  • 255
    • 0029871708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of 14-3-3 with signaling proteins is mediated by the recognition of phosphoserine
    • MUSLIN, A. J., J. W. TANNER, P. M. ALLEN, AND A. S. SHAW. Interaction of 14-3-3 with signaling proteins is mediated by the recognition of phosphoserine. Cell 84: 889-897, 1996.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.84 , pp. 889-897
    • Muslin, A.J.1    Tanner, J.W.2    Allen, P.M.3    Shaw, A.S.4
  • 256
    • 0031023756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced ubiquitin-dependent degradation of c-Jun after phosphorylation by MAP kinases
    • MUSTI, A M., M. TREIER, AND D. BOHMANN. Reduced ubiquitin-dependent degradation of c-Jun after phosphorylation by MAP kinases. Science 275: 400-402, 1997.
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 400-402
    • Musti, A.M.1    Treier, M.2    Bohmann, D.3
  • 257
    • 0023991154 scopus 로고
    • A gene which encodes a predicted protein kinase can restore some functions of the ras gene in fission yeast
    • NADIN-DAVIS, S. A, AND A NASIM. A gene which encodes a predicted protein kinase can restore some functions of the ras gene in fission yeast. EMBO J. 7: 985-993, 1988.
    • (1988) EMBO J. , vol.7 , pp. 985-993
    • Nadin-Davis, S.A.1    Nasim, A.2
  • 258
    • 0028900072 scopus 로고
    • Functional characterization of the MCK1 gene of Candida albicans, which encodes a mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog related to cell integrity
    • NAVARRO-GARCIA, F., M. SANCHEZ, J. PLA, AND C. NOMBELA. Functional characterization of the MCK1 gene of Candida albicans, which encodes a mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog related to cell integrity. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15: 2197-2206, 1995.
    • (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 2197-2206
    • Navarro-Garcia, F.1    Sanchez, M.2    Pla, J.3    Nombela, C.4
  • 259
    • 0027382269 scopus 로고
    • Conservation and reiteration of a kinase cascade
    • NEIMAN, A M. Conservation and reiteration of a kinase cascade. Trends Genet. 9: 390-394, 1993.
    • (1993) Trends Genet. , vol.9 , pp. 390-394
    • Neiman, A.M.1
  • 260
    • 0027502790 scopus 로고
    • Functional homology of protein kinases required for sexual differentiation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggests a conserved signal transduction module in eukaryotic organisms
    • NEIMAN, A. M., B. J. STEVENSON, H. P. XU, G. F. SPRAGUE, I. HERSKOWITZ, M. WIGLER, AND S. MARCUS. Functional homology of protein kinases required for sexual differentiation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggests a conserved signal transduction module in eukaryotic organisms. Mol. Biol. Cell 4: 107-120, 1993.
    • (1993) Mol. Biol. Cell , vol.4 , pp. 107-120
    • Neiman, A.M.1    Stevenson, B.J.2    Xu, H.P.3    Sprague, G.F.4    Herskowitz, I.5    Wigler, M.6    Marcus, S.7
  • 261
    • 0027156503 scopus 로고
    • Co-regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1, and the 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase in PC12 cells. Distinct effects of the neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and the mitogenic factor, epidermal growth factor
    • NGUYEN, T. T., J. C. SCIMECA C. FILLOUX, P. PERALDI, J. L. CARPENTIER, AND E. VAN OBBERGHEN. Co-regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1, and the 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase in PC12 cells. Distinct effects of the neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and the mitogenic factor, epidermal growth factor. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 9803-9810, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.268 , pp. 9803-9810
    • Nguyen, T.T.1    Scimeca, J.C.2    Filloux, C.3    Peraldi, P.4    Carpentier, J.L.5    Van Obberghen, E.6
  • 262
    • 0026562547 scopus 로고
    • The ras1 function of Schizosaccharomyces pombe mediates pheromone-induced transcription
    • NIELSEN, O., J. DAVEY, AND R. EGEL The ras1 function of Schizosaccharomyces pombe mediates pheromone-induced transcription. EMBO J. 11: 1391-1395, 1992.
    • (1992) EMBO J. , vol.11 , pp. 1391-1395
    • Nielsen, O.1    Davey, J.2    Egel, R.3
  • 263
    • 0023976715 scopus 로고
    • Proliferation of both somatic and germ cells is affected in the Drosophila mutants of raf proto-oncogene
    • NISHIDA Y., M. HATA T. AYAKI, H. RYO, M. YAMAGATA, K. SHIMIZU, AND Y. NISHIZUKA Proliferation of both somatic and germ cells is affected in the Drosophila mutants of raf proto-oncogene. EMBO J. 7: 775-781, 1988.
    • (1988) EMBO J. , vol.7 , pp. 775-781
    • Nishida, Y.1    Hata, M.2    Ayaki, T.3    Ryo, H.4    Yamagata, M.5    Shimizu, K.6    Nishizuka, Y.7
  • 264
    • 0031194925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible involvement of differential splicing in regulation of the activity of Arabidopsis ANP1 that is related to mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKS)
    • NISHIHAMA R., H. BANNO, E. KAWAHARA, K. IRIE, AND Y. MACHIDA Possible involvement of differential splicing in regulation of the activity of Arabidopsis ANP1 that is related to mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKS). Plant J. 12: 39-48, 1997.
    • (1997) Plant J. , vol.12 , pp. 39-48
    • Nishihama, R.1    Banno, H.2    Kawahara, E.3    Irie, K.4    Machida, Y.5
  • 266
    • 0029982344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ste12 and Mcm1 regulate cell cycle-dependent transcription of FAR1
    • OEHLEN, L. J., J. D. MCKINNEY, AND F. R. CROSS. Ste12 and Mcm1 regulate cell cycle-dependent transcription of FAR1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16: 2830-2837, 1996.
    • (1996) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 2830-2837
    • Oehlen, L.J.1    McKinney, J.D.2    Cross, F.R.3
  • 268
    • 0027166779 scopus 로고
    • The murine cot proto-oncogene: Genome structure and tissue-specific expression
    • OHARA, R., J. MIYOSHI, M. AOKI, AND K. TOYOSHIMA. The murine cot proto-oncogene: genome structure and tissue-specific expression. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 84: 518-525, 1993.
    • (1993) Jpn. J. Cancer Res. , vol.84 , pp. 518-525
    • Ohara, R.1    Miyoshi, J.2    Aoki, M.3    Toyoshima, K.4
  • 269
    • 0027408258 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of two members of the rat MAP kinase kinase gene family
    • OTSU, M., Y. TERADA, AND H. OKAYAMA. Isolation of two members of the rat MAP kinase kinase gene family. FEBS Lett. 320: 246-250, 1993.
    • (1993) FEBS Lett. , vol.320 , pp. 246-250
    • Otsu, M.1    Terada, Y.2    Okayama, H.3
  • 270
    • 0026578183 scopus 로고
    • Extracellular signal-regulated kinases in T cells: Characterization of human ERK1 and ERK2 cDNAs
    • OWAKI, H., R. MAKAR, T. G. BOULTON, M. H. COBB, AND T. D. GEPPERT. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases in T cells: characterization of human ERK1 and ERK2 cDNAs. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 182: 1416-1422, 1992.
    • (1992) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.182 , pp. 1416-1422
    • Owaki, H.1    Makar, R.2    Boulton, T.G.3    Cobb, M.H.4    Geppert, T.D.5
  • 271
    • 0028359984 scopus 로고
    • Constitutive mutant and putative regulatory serine phosphorylation site of mammalian MAP kinase kinase (MEK1)
    • PAGES, G., A. BRUNET, G. L'ALLEMAIN, AND J. POUYSSEǴUR. Constitutive mutant and putative regulatory serine phosphorylation site of mammalian MAP kinase kinase (MEK1). EMBO J. 13: 3003-3010, 1994.
    • (1994) EMBO J. , vol.13 , pp. 3003-3010
    • Pages, G.1    Brunet, A.2    L'Allemain, G.3    Pouysseǵur, J.4
  • 273
    • 0027447467 scopus 로고
    • Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl-2) encodes a protein kinase involved in the progression of rodent T-cell lymphomas and in T-cell activation
    • PATRIOTIS, C., A. MAKRIS, S. E. BEAR, AND P. N. TSICHLIS. Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl-2) encodes a protein kinase involved in the progression of rodent T-cell lymphomas and in T-cell activation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 2251-2255, 1993.
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 2251-2255
    • Patriotis, C.1    Makris, A.2    Bear, S.E.3    Tsichlis, P.N.4
  • 274
    • 0030046667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tyrosine phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 4 in response to growth factors
    • PENG, X., J. M. ANGELASTRO, AND L. A. GREENE. Tyrosine phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 4 in response to growth factors. J. Neurochem. 66: 1191-1197, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Neurochem. , vol.66 , pp. 1191-1197
    • Peng, X.1    Angelastro, J.M.2    Greene, L.A.3
  • 275
    • 0027191189 scopus 로고
    • FAR1 links the signal transduction pathway to the cell cycle machinery in yeast
    • PETER, M., A. GARTNER, J. HORECKA, G. AMMERER, AND I. HERSKOWITZ. FAR1 links the signal transduction pathway to the cell cycle machinery in yeast. Cell 73: 747-760, 1993.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.73 , pp. 747-760
    • Peter, M.1    Gartner, A.2    Horecka, J.3    Ammerer, G.4    Herskowitz, I.5
  • 276
    • 0027462979 scopus 로고
    • Mos stimulates MAP kinase in Xenopus oocytes and activates a MAP kinase kinase in vitro
    • POSADA, J., N. YEW, N. G. AHN, G. F. VANDE WOUDE, AND J. A. COOPER. Mos stimulates MAP kinase in Xenopus oocytes and activates a MAP kinase kinase in vitro. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 2546-2553, 1993.
    • (1993) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 2546-2553
    • Posada, J.1    Yew, N.2    Ahn, N.G.3    Vande Woude, G.F.4    Cooper, J.A.5
  • 277
    • 0030815562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osmotic activation of the hog MAPK pathway via Ste11p MAPKKK: Scaffold role of Pbs2p MAPKK
    • POSAS, F., AND H. SAITO. Osmotic activation of the hog MAPK pathway via Ste11p MAPKKK: scaffold role of Pbs2p MAPKK. Science 276: 1702-1705, 1997.
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 1702-1705
    • Posas, F.1    Saito, H.2
  • 278
    • 0030595378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yeast HOG1 MAP kinase cascade is regulated by a multistep phosphorelay mechanism in the Sln1-Ypd1-Ssk1 "two component" osmosensor
    • POSAS, F., S. M. WURGLER-MURPHY, T. MAEDA, E. A. WITTEN, T. C. THAI, AND H. SAITO. Yeast HOG1 MAP kinase cascade is regulated by a multistep phosphorelay mechanism in the Sln1-Ypd1-Ssk1 "two component" osmosensor. Cell 86: 865-875, 1996.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.86 , pp. 865-875
    • Posas, F.1    Wurgler-Murphy, S.M.2    Maeda, T.3    Witten, E.A.4    Thai, T.C.5    Saito, H.6
  • 279
    • 0030920914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Jun kinase/stress-activated protein kinase pathway functions to regulate DNA repair and inhibition of the pathway sensitizes tumor cells to cisplatin
    • POTAPOVA, O., A. HAGHIGHI, F. BOST, C. LIU, M. J. BIRRER, R. GJERSET, AND D. MERCOLA. The Jun kinase/stress-activated protein kinase pathway functions to regulate DNA repair and inhibition of the pathway sensitizes tumor cells to cisplatin. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 14041-14044, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 14041-14044
    • Potapova, O.1    Haghighi, A.2    Bost, F.3    Liu, C.4    Birrer, M.J.5    Gjerset, R.6    Mercola, D.7
  • 280
    • 0028046412 scopus 로고
    • Protein-protein interaction in the yeast pheromone response pathway: Ste5p interacts with all members of the MAP kinase cascade
    • PRINTEN, J. A., AND G. F. J. SPRAGUE. Protein-protein interaction in the yeast pheromone response pathway: Ste5p interacts with all members of the MAP kinase cascade. Genetics 138: 609-619, 1994.
    • (1994) Genetics , vol.138 , pp. 609-619
    • Printen, J.A.1    Sprague, G.F.J.2
  • 282
    • 0026733002 scopus 로고
    • PC12 cell neuronal differentiation is associated with prolonged p21ras activity and consequent prolonged ERK activity
    • QUI, M. S., AND S. H. GREEN. PC12 cell neuronal differentiation is associated with prolonged p21ras activity and consequent prolonged ERK activity. Neuron 9: 705-717, 1992.
    • (1992) Neuron , vol.9 , pp. 705-717
    • Qui, M.S.1    Green, S.H.2
  • 283
    • 0030866934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is required for megakaryocytic differentiation of K562 cells
    • RACKE, F. K., K. LEWANDOSWSKA, S. GOUELI, AND A. N. GOLDFARB. Sustained activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is required for megakaryocytic differentiation of K562 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 23366-23370, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 23366-23370
    • Racke, F.K.1    Lewandoswska, K.2    Goueli, S.3    Goldfarb, A.N.4
  • 284
    • 0028935270 scopus 로고
    • Pro-inflammatory cytokines and environmental stress cause p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by dual phosphorylation on tyrosine and threonine
    • RAINGEAUD, J., S. GUPTA, J. S. ROGERS, M. DICKENS, J. HAN, R. J. ULEVITCH, AND R. J. DAVIS. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and environmental stress cause p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by dual phosphorylation on tyrosine and threonine. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 7420-7426, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 7420-7426
    • Raingeaud, J.1    Gupta, S.2    Rogers, J.S.3    Dickens, M.4    Han, J.5    Ulevitch, R.J.6    Davis, R.J.7
  • 285
    • 0030051528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MKK3-and MKK6-regulated gene expression is mediated by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway
    • RAINGEAUD, J., A. J. WHITMARSH, T. BARRETT, B. DEŔIJARD, AND R. J. DAVIS. MKK3-and MKK6-regulated gene expression is mediated by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16: 1247-1255, 1996.
    • (1996) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 1247-1255
    • Raingeaud, J.1    Whitmarsh, A.J.2    Barrett, T.3    Deŕijard, B.4    Davis, R.J.5
  • 286
    • 0029760613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mixed lineage kinase SPRK phosphorylates and activates the stress-activated protein kinase activator, SEK-1
    • RANA, A., K. GALLO, P. GODOWSKI, S.-I. HIRAI, S. OHNO, L. ZON, J. M. KYRIAKIS, AND J. AVRUCH. The mixed lineage kinase SPRK phosphorylates and activates the stress-activated protein kinase activator, SEK-1. J. Biol Chem. 271: 19025-19028, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Biol Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 19025-19028
    • Rana, A.1    Gallo, K.2    Godowski, P.3    Hirai, S.-I.4    Ohno, S.5    Zon, L.6    Kyriakis, J.M.7    Avruch, J.8
  • 287
    • 0001589410 scopus 로고
    • Insulin-stimulated microtubule-associated protein kinase is phosphorylated on tyrosine and threonine in vivo
    • RAY, L. B., AND T. W. STURGILL. Insulin-stimulated microtubule-associated protein kinase is phosphorylated on tyrosine and threonine in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 3753-3757, 1988.
    • (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.85 , pp. 3753-3757
    • Ray, L.B.1    Sturgill, T.W.2
  • 288
    • 0028037972 scopus 로고
    • Cloning of a novel putative protein kinase having a leucine zipper domain from human brain
    • REDDY, U. R., AND D. PLEASURE. Cloning of a novel putative protein kinase having a leucine zipper domain from human brain. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 202: 613-620, 1994.
    • (1994) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.202 , pp. 613-620
    • Reddy, U.R.1    Pleasure, D.2
  • 289
    • 0028631038 scopus 로고
    • Cloning of a novel putative protein kinase having a leucine zipper domain from human brain (Erratum)
    • REDDY, U. R., AND D. PLEASURE. Cloning of a novel putative protein kinase having a leucine zipper domain from human brain (Erratum). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 205: 1494-1495, 1994.
    • (1994) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.205 , pp. 1494-1495
    • Reddy, U.R.1    Pleasure, D.2
  • 290
    • 0029828456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of the small GTPase Rho in integrin-mediated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase
    • RENSHAW, M. W., D. TOKSOZ, AND M. A. SCHWARTZ. Involvement of the small GTPase Rho in integrin-mediated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 21691-21694, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 21691-21694
    • Renshaw, M.W.1    Toksoz, D.2    Schwartz, M.A.3
  • 291
    • 0029681252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The roles of 14-3-3 proteins in signal transduction
    • REUTHER, G. W., AND A. M. PENDERGAST. The roles of 14-3-3 proteins in signal transduction. Vitam. Horm. 52: 149-175, 1996.
    • (1996) Vitam. Horm. , vol.52 , pp. 149-175
    • Reuther, G.W.1    Pendergast, A.M.2
  • 292
    • 0029834756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Drosophila Jun-N-terminal kinase is required for cell morphogenesis but not for DJun-dependent cell fate specification in the eye
    • RIESGO-ESCOVAR, J. R., M. JENNI, A. FRITZ, AND E. HAFEN. The Drosophila Jun-N-terminal kinase is required for cell morphogenesis but not for DJun-dependent cell fate specification in the eye. Genes Dev. 10: 2759-2768, 1996.
    • (1996) Genes Dev. , vol.10 , pp. 2759-2768
    • Riesgo-Escovar, J.R.1    Jenni, M.2    Fritz, A.3    Hafen, E.4
  • 293
    • 0028670651 scopus 로고
    • Elements of a single MAP kinase cascade in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediate two developmental programs in the same cell type: Mating and invasive growth
    • ROBERTS, R. L., AND G. R. FINK. Elements of a single MAP kinase cascade in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediate two developmental programs in the same cell type: mating and invasive growth. Genes Dev. 8: 2974-2985, 1994.
    • (1994) Genes Dev. , vol.8 , pp. 2974-2985
    • Roberts, R.L.1    Fink, G.R.2
  • 294
    • 0141611211 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that pp42, a major tyrosine kinase target protein, is a mitogen-activated serine/threonine protein kinase
    • ROSSOMANDO, A. J., D. M. PAYNE, M. J. WEBER, AND T. W. STURGILL Evidence that pp42, a major tyrosine kinase target protein, is a mitogen-activated serine/threonine protein kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 6940-6943, 1989.
    • (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.86 , pp. 6940-6943
    • Rossomando, A.J.1    Payne, D.M.2    Weber, M.J.3    Sturgill, T.W.4
  • 295
    • 0028022750 scopus 로고
    • A novel kinase cascade triggered by stress and heat shock that stimulates MAPKAP kinase-2 and phosphorylation of the small heat shock proteins
    • ROUSE, J., P. COHEN, S. TRIGON, M. MORANGE, A. ALONSO-LLAMAZARES, D. ZAMANILLO, T. HUNT, AND A. R. NEBREDA. A novel kinase cascade triggered by stress and heat shock that stimulates MAPKAP kinase-2 and phosphorylation of the small heat shock proteins. Cell 78: 1027-1037, 1994.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.78 , pp. 1027-1037
    • Rouse, J.1    Cohen, P.2    Trigon, S.3    Morange, M.4    Alonso-Llamazares, A.5    Zamanillo, D.6    Hunt, T.7    Nebreda, A.R.8
  • 296
    • 0029077563 scopus 로고
    • Direct interaction between Ras and the kinase domain of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MEKK1)
    • RUSSELL, M., C. A. LANGE-CARTER, AND G. L. JOHNSON. Direct interaction between Ras and the kinase domain of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MEKK1). J. Biol. Chem. 270: 11757-11760, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 11757-11760
    • Russell, M.1    Lange-Carter, C.A.2    Johnson, G.L.3
  • 297
    • 0024280269 scopus 로고
    • Function of c-mos proto-oncogene product in meiotic maturation in Xenopus oocytes
    • SAGATA, N., M. OSKARSSON, T. COPELAND, J. BRUMBAUGH, AND G. F. VANDE WOUDE. Function of c-mos proto-oncogene product in meiotic maturation in Xenopus oocytes. Nature 335: 519-525, 1988.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.335 , pp. 519-525
    • Sagata, N.1    Oskarsson, M.2    Copeland, T.3    Brumbaugh, J.4    Vande Woude, G.F.5
  • 298
    • 0030059508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of MEK-1 and SEK-1 by Tpl-2 proto-oncoprotein, a novel MAP kinase kinase kinase
    • SALMERON, A., T. B. AHMAD, G. W. CARLILE, D. PAPPIN, R. P. NARSIMHAN, AND S. C. LEY. Activation of MEK-1 and SEK-1 by Tpl-2 proto-oncoprotein, a novel MAP kinase kinase kinase. EMBO J. 15: 817-826, 1996.
    • (1996) EMBO J. , vol.15 , pp. 817-826
    • Salmeron, A.1    Ahmad, T.B.2    Carlile, G.W.3    Pappin, D.4    Narsimhan, R.P.5    Ley, S.C.6
  • 299
    • 0030716308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple modes of activation of the stress-responsive MAP kinase pathway in fission yeast
    • SAMEJIMA, I., S. MACKIE, AND P. A. FANTES. Multiple modes of activation of the stress-responsive MAP kinase pathway in fission yeast. EMBO J. 16: 6162-6170, 1997.
    • (1997) EMBO J. , vol.16 , pp. 6162-6170
    • Samejima, I.1    Mackie, S.2    Fantes, P.A.3
  • 300
    • 0028558986 scopus 로고
    • Role of SAPK/ ERK kinase-1 in the stress-activated pathway regulating transcription factor c-Jun
    • SANCHEZ, I., R. T. HUGHES, B. J. MAYER, K. YEE, J. R. WOODGETT, J. AVRUCH, J. M. KYRIAKIS, AND L. I. ZON. Role of SAPK/ ERK kinase-1 in the stress-activated pathway regulating transcription factor c-Jun. Nature 372: 794-798, 1994.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.372 , pp. 794-798
    • Sanchez, I.1    Hughes, R.T.2    Mayer, B.J.3    Yee, K.4    Woodgett, J.R.5    Avruch, J.6    Kyriakis, J.M.7    Zon, L.I.8
  • 301
    • 0028605310 scopus 로고
    • The signaling pathway coupling epidermal growth factor receptors to activation of p21ras
    • SASAOKA, T., W. J. LANGLOIS, J. W. LEITNER, B. DRAZNIN, AND J. M. OLEFSKY. The signaling pathway coupling epidermal growth factor receptors to activation of p21ras. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 32621-32625, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 32621-32625
    • Sasaoka, T.1    Langlois, W.J.2    Leitner, J.W.3    Draznin, B.4    Olefsky, J.M.5
  • 302
    • 15844383742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased expression of protein kinase C beta activates ERK3
    • SAUMA, S., AND E. FRIEDMAN. Increased expression of protein kinase C beta activates ERK3. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 11422-11426, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 11422-11426
    • Sauma, S.1    Friedman, E.2
  • 304
    • 0028912159 scopus 로고
    • Signal transduction and growth control in yeast
    • SCHULTZ, J., B. FERGUSSON, AND G. F. SPRAGUE. Signal transduction and growth control in yeast. Curr. Biol. 5: 31-37, 1995.
    • (1995) Curr. Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 31-37
    • Schultz, J.1    Fergusson, B.2    Sprague, G.F.3
  • 305
    • 0031004569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium salicylate induces apoptosis via p38 mitogen activated protein kinase but inhibits tumor necrosis factor-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase activation
    • SCHWENGER, P., P. BELLOSTA, I. VIETOR, C. BASILICO, E. Y. SKOLNIK, AND J. VILCEK Sodium salicylate induces apoptosis via p38 mitogen activated protein kinase but inhibits tumor necrosis factor-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase activation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 2869-2873, 1997.
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 2869-2873
    • Schwenger, P.1    Bellosta, P.2    Vietor, I.3    Basilico, C.4    Skolnik, E.Y.5    Vilcek, J.6
  • 306
    • 0028930549 scopus 로고
    • A MAP kinase necessary for receptor-mediated activation of adenylyl cyclase in dictyostelium
    • SEGALL, J. E., A. KUSPA, G. SHAULSKY, M. ECKE, M. MAEDA, C. GASKINS, R. A. FIRTEL, AND W. F. LOOMIS. A MAP kinase necessary for receptor-mediated activation of adenylyl cyclase in dictyostelium. J. Cell Biol. 128: 405-413, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Cell Biol. , vol.128 , pp. 405-413
    • Segall, J.E.1    Kuspa, A.2    Shaulsky, G.3    Ecke, M.4    M Maeda, C.G.5    Firtel, R.A.6    Loomis, W.F.7
  • 307
    • 0029011218 scopus 로고
    • The MAPK signaling cascade
    • SEGER, R., AND E. G. KREBS. The MAPK signaling cascade. FASEB J. 9: 726-735, 1995.
    • (1995) FASEB J. , vol.9 , pp. 726-735
    • Seger, R.1    Krebs, E.G.2
  • 309
    • 0029556176 scopus 로고
    • Tobacco MAP kinase: A possible mediator in wound signal transduction pathways
    • SEO, S., M. OKAMOTO, H. SETO, K. ISHIZUKA, H. SANO, AND Y. OHASHI. Tobacco MAP kinase: a possible mediator in wound signal transduction pathways. Science 270: 1988-1992, 1995.
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 1988-1992
    • Seo, S.1    Okamoto, M.2    Seto, H.3    Ishizuka, K.4    Sano, H.5    Ohashi, Y.6
  • 310
    • 0028963295 scopus 로고
    • A tobacco protein kinase, NPK2, has a domain homologous to a domain found in activators of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKKs)
    • SHIBATA, W., H. BANNO, Y. ITO, K. HIRANO, K. IRIE, S. USAMI, C. MACHIDA, AND Y. MACHIDA. A tobacco protein kinase, NPK2, has a domain homologous to a domain found in activators of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKKs). Mol. Gen. Genet. 246: 401-410, 1995.
    • (1995) Mol. Gen. Genet. , vol.246 , pp. 401-410
    • Shibata, W.1    Banno, H.2    Ito, Y.3    Hirano, K.4    Irie, K.5    Usami, S.6    Machida, C.7    Machida, Y.8
  • 311
    • 0030982258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Mcs4 response regulator coordinately controls the stress-activated Wak1-Wis1-Sty1 MAP kinase pathway and fission yeast cell cycle
    • SHIEH, J. C., M. G. WILKINSON, V. BUCK, B. A. MORGAN, K. MAKINO, AND J. B. MILLAR. The Mcs4 response regulator coordinately controls the stress-activated Wak1-Wis1-Sty1 MAP kinase pathway and fission yeast cell cycle. Genes Dev. 11: 1008-1022, 1997.
    • (1997) Genes Dev. , vol.11 , pp. 1008-1022
    • Shieh, J.C.1    Wilkinson, M.G.2    Buck, V.3    Morgan, B.A.4    Makino, K.5    Millar, J.B.6
  • 312
    • 0030968066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mcs4 mitotic catastrophe suppressor regulates the fission yeast cell cycle through the Wik1-Wis-1-Spc1 kinase cascade
    • SHIOAZAKI, K., M. SHIOZAKI, AND P. RUSSELL. Mcs4 mitotic catastrophe suppressor regulates the fission yeast cell cycle through the Wik1-Wis-1-Spc1 kinase cascade. Mol. Biol. Cell 8: 409-419, 1997.
    • (1997) Mol. Biol. Cell , vol.8 , pp. 409-419
    • Shioazaki, K.1    Shiozaki, M.2    Russell, P.3
  • 313
    • 0030922080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel MAP-kinase kinase from Candida albicans
    • SINGH, P., S. GHOSH, AND A. DATTA. A novel MAP-kinase kinase from Candida albicans. Gene 190: 99-104, 1997.
    • (1997) Gene , vol.190 , pp. 99-104
    • Singh, P.1    Ghosh, S.2    Datta, A.3
  • 314
    • 0030910706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of two essential phosphorylated threonine residues in the catalytic domain of Mekk1. Indirect activation by Pak3 and protein kinase c
    • SIOW, Y. L., G. B. KALMAR, J. S. SANGHERA, T. TAI, S. S. OH, AND S. L. PELECH. Identification of two essential phosphorylated threonine residues in the catalytic domain of Mekk1. Indirect activation by Pak3 and protein kinase C. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 7586-7594, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 7586-7594
    • Siow, Y.L.1    Kalmar, G.B.2    Sanghera, J.S.3    Tai, T.4    Oh, S.S.5    Pelech, S.L.6
  • 315
    • 0025604178 scopus 로고
    • Complete coding sequence of a human B-raf cDNA and detection of B-raf protein kinase with isozyme specific antibodies
    • SITHANANDAM, G., W. KOLCH, F. M. DUH, AND U. R. RAPP. Complete coding sequence of a human B-raf cDNA and detection of B-raf protein kinase with isozyme specific antibodies. Oncogene 5: 1775-1780, 1990.
    • (1990) Oncogene , vol.5 , pp. 1775-1780
    • Sithanandam, G.1    Kolch, W.2    Duh, F.M.3    Rapp, U.R.4
  • 316
    • 0029824847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A JNK signal transduction pathway that mediates morphogenesis and immune response in Drosophila
    • SLUSS, H. K., Z. HAN, T. BARRETT, R. J. DAVIS, AND Y. T. IP. A JNK signal transduction pathway that mediates morphogenesis and immune response in Drosophila. Genes Dev. 10: 2745-2758, 1996.
    • (1996) Genes Dev. , vol.10 , pp. 2745-2758
    • Sluss, H.K.1    Han, Z.2    Barrett, T.3    Davis, R.J.4    Ip, Y.T.5
  • 317
    • 0031282397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for JNK/SAPK in proliferation, but not apoptosis, of IL-3-dependent cells
    • SMITH, A., F. RAMOS-MORALES, A. ASHWORTH, AND M. COLLINS. A role for JNK/SAPK in proliferation, but not apoptosis, of IL-3-dependent cells. Curr. Biol. 7: 893-896, 1997.
    • (1997) Curr. Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 893-896
    • Smith, A.1    Ramos-Morales, F.2    Ashworth, A.3    Collins, M.4
  • 318
    • 0022472990 scopus 로고
    • Requirement for c-ras proteins during viral oncogene transformation
    • SMITH, M. R., S. J. DEGUDICIBUS, AND D. W. STACEY. Requirement for c-ras proteins during viral oncogene transformation. Nature 320: 540-543, 1986.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.320 , pp. 540-543
    • Smith, M.R.1    Degudicibus, S.J.2    Stacey, D.W.3
  • 319
    • 0027586132 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and expression of a MAP kinase homologue from pea
    • STAFSTROM, J. P., M. ALTSCHULER, AND D. H. ANDERSON. Molecular cloning and expression of a MAP kinase homologue from pea Plant Mol. Biol. 22: 83-90, 1993.
    • (1993) Plant Mol. Biol. , vol.22 , pp. 83-90
    • Stafstrom, J.P.1    Altschuler, M.2    Anderson, D.H.3
  • 321
    • 0030006618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning and characterization of MEK6, a novel member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase cascade
    • STEIN, B., H. BRADY, M. X. YANG, D. B. YOUNG, AND M. S. BARBOSA. Cloning and characterization of MEK6, a novel member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase cascade. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 11427-11433, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 11427-11433
    • Stein, B.1    Brady, H.2    Yang, M.X.3    Young, D.B.4    Barbosa, M.S.5
  • 323
    • 0025266334 scopus 로고
    • Expression of raf family proto-oncogenes in normal mouse tissues
    • STORM, S. M., J. L. CLEVELAND, AND U. R. RAPP. Expression of raf family proto-oncogenes in normal mouse tissues. Oncogene 5: 345-351, 1990.
    • (1990) Oncogene , vol.5 , pp. 345-351
    • Storm, S.M.1    Cleveland, J.L.2    Rapp, U.R.3
  • 324
    • 0028291525 scopus 로고
    • JNK is involved in signal integration during costimulation of T lymphocytes
    • SU, B., E. JACINTO, M. HIBI, T. KALLUNKI, M. KARIN, AND Y. BEN-NERIAH. JNK is involved in signal integration during costimulation of T lymphocytes. Cell 77: 727-736, 1994.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.77 , pp. 727-736
    • Su, B.1    Jacinto, E.2    Hibi, M.3    Kallunki, T.4    Karin, M.5    Ben-Neriah, Y.6
  • 325
    • 0030907935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NIK is a new Ste20-related kinase that binds NCK and MEKK1 and activates the SAPK/JNK cascade via a conserved regulatory domain
    • SU, Y.-C., J. HAN, S. XU, M. COBB, AND E. Y. SKOLNIK. NIK is a new Ste20-related kinase that binds NCK and MEKK1 and activates the SAPK/JNK cascade via a conserved regulatory domain. EMBO J. 16: 1279-1290, 1997.
    • (1997) EMBO J. , vol.16 , pp. 1279-1290
    • Su, Y.-C.1    Han, J.2    Xu, S.3    Cobb, M.4    Skolnik, E.Y.5
  • 326
    • 0030747146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the ERK subgroup of MAP kinase cascades through G protein-coupled receptors
    • SUGDEN, P. H., AND A. CLERK. Regulation of the ERK subgroup of MAP kinase cascades through G protein-coupled receptors. Cell. Signal. 9: 337-351, 1997.
    • (1997) Cell. Signal. , vol.9 , pp. 337-351
    • Sugden, P.H.1    Clerk, A.2
  • 327
    • 0029559183 scopus 로고
    • The C. Elegans ksr-1 gene encodes a novel Raf-related kinase involved in Ras-mediated signal transduction
    • SUNDARAM, M., AND M. HAN. The C. elegans ksr-1 gene encodes a novel Raf-related kinase involved in Ras-mediated signal transduction. Cell 83: 889-901, 1995.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.83 , pp. 889-901
    • Sundaram, M.1    Han, M.2
  • 328
    • 0030587829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential activation of the ERK, JNK, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases by CD40 and the B cell antigen receptor
    • SUTHERLAND, C. L., A. W. HEATH, S. L. HEATH, P. R. YOUNG, AND M. R. GOLD. Differential activation of the ERK, JNK, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases by CD40 and the B cell antigen receptor. J. Immunol. 157: 3381-3390, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Immunol. , vol.157 , pp. 3381-3390
    • Sutherland, C.L.1    Heath, A.W.2    Heath, S.L.3    Young, P.R.4    Gold, M.R.5
  • 329
    • 0030851904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A human homolog of the yeast Ssk2/Ssk22 MAP kinase kinase kinases, MTK1, mediates stress-induced activation of the p38 and JNK pathways
    • TAKEKAWA, M., F. POSAS, AND H. SATTO. A human homolog of the yeast Ssk2/Ssk22 MAP kinase kinase kinases, MTK1, mediates stress-induced activation of the p38 and JNK pathways. EMBO J. 16: 4973-4982, 1997.
    • (1997) EMBO J. , vol.16 , pp. 4973-4982
    • Takekawa, M.1    Posas, F.2    Satto, H.3
  • 330
    • 0030898893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MAP kinase is required for the spindle assembly checkpoint but is dispensable for the normal M phase entry and exit in Xenopus egg cell cycle extracts
    • TAKENAKA, K., Y. GOTOH, AND E. NISHIDA. MAP kinase is required for the spindle assembly checkpoint but is dispensable for the normal M phase entry and exit in Xenopus egg cell cycle extracts. J. Cell Biol. 136: 1091-1097, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Cell Biol. , vol.136 , pp. 1091-1097
    • Takenaka, K.1    Gotoh, Y.2    Nishida, E.3
  • 332
    • 0028964465 scopus 로고
    • Cytokine signaling through nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases
    • TANIGUCHI, T. Cytokine signaling through nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases. Science 268: 251-255, 1995.
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 251-255
    • Taniguchi, T.1
  • 333
    • 0027968068 scopus 로고
    • CLUSTAL W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, positions-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice
    • THOMPSON, J. D., D. G. HIGGINS, AND T. J. GIBSON. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, positions-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 22: 4673-4680, 1994.
    • (1994) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.22 , pp. 4673-4680
    • Thompson, J.D.1    Higgins, D.G.2    Gibson, T.J.3
  • 336
    • 0029923979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fission yeast pmk1 + gene encodes a novel mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog which regulates cell integrity and functions coordinately with the protein kinase C pathway
    • TODA, T., S. DHUT, G. SUPERTI-FURGA, Y. GOTOH, E. NISHIDA, R. SUGIURA, AND T. KUNO. The fission yeast pmk1 + gene encodes a novel mitogen-activated protein kinase homolog which regulates cell integrity and functions coordinately with the protein kinase C pathway. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16: 6752-6764, 1996.
    • (1996) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 6752-6764
    • Toda, T.1    Dhut, S.2    Superti-Furga, G.3    Gotoh, Y.4    Nishida, E.5    Sugiura, R.6    Kuno, T.7
  • 337
    • 0025977196 scopus 로고
    • Fission yeast genes that confer resistance to staurosporine encode an AP-1-like transcription factor and a protein kinase related to the mammalian ERK1/MAP2 and budding yeast FUS3 and KSS1 kinases
    • TODA, T., M. SHIMANUKI, AND M. YANAGIDA. Fission yeast genes that confer resistance to staurosporine encode an AP-1-like transcription factor and a protein kinase related to the mammalian ERK1/MAP2 and budding yeast FUS3 and KSS1 kinases. Genes Dev. 5: 60-73, 1991.
    • (1991) Genes Dev. , vol.5 , pp. 60-73
    • Toda, T.1    Shimanuki, M.2    Yanagida, M.3
  • 341
    • 0029065125 scopus 로고
    • Mesoderm induction in Xenopus caused by activation of MAP kinase
    • UMBHAUER, M., C. J. MARSHALL, C. S. MASON, R. W. OLD, AND J. C. SMITH. Mesoderm induction in Xenopus caused by activation of MAP kinase. Nature 376: 58-62, 1995.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.376 , pp. 58-62
    • Umbhauer, M.1    Marshall, C.J.2    Mason, C.S.3    Old, R.W.4    Smith, J.C.5
  • 342
    • 0028111836 scopus 로고
    • B-Raf-dependent regulation of the MEK-1/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in PC 12 cells and regulation by cyclic AMP
    • VAILLANCOURT, R. R., A. M. GARDNER, AND G. L. JOHNSON. B-Raf-dependent regulation of the MEK-1/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in PC 12 cells and regulation by cyclic AMP. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14: 6522-6530, 1994.
    • (1994) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 6522-6530
    • Vaillancourt, R.R.1    Gardner, A.M.2    Johnson, G.L.3
  • 345
    • 0021769653 scopus 로고
    • Complete c-mos (rat) nucleotide sequence: Presence of conserved domains in c-mos proteins
    • VAN DER HOORN, F. A., AND J. FIRZLAFF. Complete c-mos (rat) nucleotide sequence: presence of conserved domains in c-mos proteins. Nucleic Acids Res. 12: 2147-2156, 1984.
    • (1984) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.12 , pp. 2147-2156
    • Van Der Hoorn, F.A.1    Firzlaff, J.2
  • 346
    • 0027258955 scopus 로고
    • MAP kinase become stably activated at metaphase and is associated with microtubule-organizing centers during meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes
    • VERLHAC, M. H., H. DE PENNART, B. MARO, M. H. COBB, AND H. J. CLARKE. MAP kinase become stably activated at metaphase and is associated with microtubule-organizing centers during meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes. Dev. Biol. 158: 330-340, 1993.
    • (1993) Dev. Biol. , vol.158 , pp. 330-340
    • Verlhac, M.H.1    De Pennart, H.2    Maro, B.3    Cobb, M.H.4    Clarke, H.J.5
  • 347
    • 0030963439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • cAMP activates MAP kinase and Elk-1 through a B-Raf-and Rap1-dependent pathway
    • VOSSLER, M. R., H. YAO, R. D. YORK, M. G. PAN, C. S. RIM, AND P. J. STORK cAMP activates MAP kinase and Elk-1 through a B-Raf-and Rap1-dependent pathway. Cell 89: 73-82, 1997.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.89 , pp. 73-82
    • Vossler, M.R.1    Yao, H.2    York, R.D.3    Pan, M.G.4    Rim, C.S.5    Stork, P.J.6
  • 348
    • 0027434814 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical properties of cloned glutathione S-transferase from Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum
    • WALKER, J., P. CROWLEY, A. D. MOREMAN, AND J. BARRETT. Biochemical properties of cloned glutathione S-transferase from Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 61: 255-264, 1993.
    • (1993) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.61 , pp. 255-264
    • Walker, J.1    Crowley, P.2    Moreman, A.D.3    Barrett, J.4
  • 349
    • 0030859244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic evidence for a tyrosine kinase cascade preceding the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in vertebrate G protein signaling
    • WAN, Y., K. BENCE, A. HATA, T. KUROSAKI, A. VEILLETTE, AND X.-Y. HUANG. Genetic evidence for a tyrosine kinase cascade preceding the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in vertebrate G protein signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 17209-17215, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 17209-17215
    • Wan, Y.1    Bence, K.2    Hata, A.3    Kurosaki, T.4    Veillette, A.5    Huang, X.-Y.6
  • 350
    • 0029892373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tyrosine kinases in activation of the MAP kinase cascade by G-protein-coupled receptors
    • WAN, Y., T. KUROSAKI, AND X.-Y. HUANG. Tyrosine kinases in activation of the MAP kinase cascade by G-protein-coupled receptors. Nature 380: 541-544, 1996.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.380 , pp. 541-544
    • Wan, Y.1    Kurosaki, T.2    Huang, X.-Y.3
  • 351
    • 0029858387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF-and cancer therapy-induced apoptosis: Potentiation by inhibition of NF-kB
    • WANG, C.-Y., M. W. MAYO, AND A. S. J. BALDWIN. TNF-and cancer therapy-induced apoptosis: potentiation by inhibition of NF-kB. Science 274: 784-787, 1997.
    • (1997) Science , vol.274 , pp. 784-787
    • Wang, C.-Y.1    Mayo, M.W.2    Baldwin, A.S.J.3
  • 352
    • 0027094764 scopus 로고
    • IL-4 activates a distinct signal transduction cascade from IL-3 in factor-dependent myeloid cells
    • WANG, L. M., A. D. KEEGAN, W. E. PAUL, M. A. HEIDARAN, J. S. GUTKIND, AND J. H. PIERCE. IL-4 activates a distinct signal transduction cascade from IL-3 in factor-dependent myeloid cells. EMBO J. 11: 4899-4908, 1992.
    • (1992) EMBO J. , vol.11 , pp. 4899-4908
    • Wang, L.M.1    Keegan, A.D.2    Paul, W.E.3    Heidaran, M.A.4    Gutkind, J.S.5    Pierce, J.H.6
  • 353
    • 0030961008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the hematopoietic progenitor kinase-1 (HPK1)-dependent, stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)-activated kinase (TAK1), a kinase mediator of TGF beta signal transduction
    • WANG, W., G. ZHOU, M. C. T. HU, Z. YAO, AND T. H. TAN. Activation of the hematopoietic progenitor kinase-1 (HPK1)-dependent, stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)-activated kinase (TAK1), a kinase mediator of TGF beta signal transduction. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 22771-22775, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 22771-22775
    • Wang, W.1    Zhou, G.2    Hu, M.C.T.3    Yao, Z.4    Tan, T.H.5
  • 354
    • 0029938805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress-induced phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factor CHOP (GADD153) by p38 MAP kinase
    • WANG, X., AND D. RON. Stress-induced phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factor CHOP (GADD153) by p38 MAP kinase. Science 272: 1347-1349, 1996.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 1347-1349
    • Wang, X.1    Ron, D.2
  • 355
    • 0344647981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for mitogen-activated protein kinase in the spindle assembly checkpoint in XTC cells
    • WANG, X. M., Y. ZHAI, AND J. E. J. FERRELL. A role for mitogen-activated protein kinase in the spindle assembly checkpoint in XTC cells. J. Cell Biol. 137: 433-443, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Cell Biol. , vol.137 , pp. 433-443
    • Wang, X.M.1    Zhai, Y.2    Ferrell, J.E.J.3
  • 356
    • 0029954102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel protein kinase with a catalytic domain homologous to mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase
    • WANG, X. S., K. DIENER, D. JANNUZZI, D. TROLLINGER, T.-H. TAN, H. LICHENSTEIN, M. ZUKOWSKI, AND Z. YAO. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel protein kinase with a catalytic domain homologous to mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 31607-31611, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 31607-31611
    • Wang, X.S.1    Diener, K.2    Jannuzzi, D.3    Trollinger, D.4    Tan, T.-H.5    Lichenstein, H.6    Zukowski, M.7    Yao, Z.8
  • 358
    • 0025806672 scopus 로고
    • byr2, a Schizosaccharomyces pombe gene encoding a protein kinase capable of partial suppression of the ras1 mutant phenotype
    • WANG, Y., H. P. XU, M. RIGGS, L. RODGERS, AND M. WIGLER. byr2, a Schizosaccharomyces pombe gene encoding a protein kinase capable of partial suppression of the ras1 mutant phenotype. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11: 3554-3563, 1991.
    • (1991) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.11 , pp. 3554-3563
    • Wang, Y.1    Xu, H.P.2    Riggs, M.3    Rodgers, L.4    Wigler, M.5
  • 359
    • 0026086460 scopus 로고
    • The wis1 protein kinase is a dosage-dependent regulator of mitosis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
    • WARBRICK, E., AND P. A. FANTES. The wis1 protein kinase is a dosage-dependent regulator of mitosis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. EMBO J. 10: 4291-4299, 1991.
    • (1991) EMBO J. , vol.10 , pp. 4291-4299
    • Warbrick, E.1    Fantes, P.A.2
  • 360
    • 17444438194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 inhibits CD28-dependent T cell proliferation and IL-2 production
    • WARD, S. G., R. V. PARRY, J. MATTHEWS, AND L. O'NEILL. A p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580 inhibits CD28-dependent T cell proliferation and IL-2 production. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 25: 304S, 1997.
    • (1997) Biochem. Soc. Trans. , vol.25
    • Ward, S.G.1    Parry, R.V.2    Matthews, J.3    O'Neill, L.4
  • 361
    • 0030612726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-cyclin gene CLN2 represses the mating pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the level of the MEKK stell
    • 1-cyclin gene CLN2 represses the mating pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the level of the MEKK Stell. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 13180-13188, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 13180-13188
    • Wassmann, K.1    Ammerer, G.2
  • 362
    • 0000239115 scopus 로고
    • Human DNA sequence homologous to the transforming gene (mos) of Moloney murine sarcoma virus
    • WATSON, R., M. K OSKARSSON, AND G. F. VANDE WOUDE. Human DNA sequence homologous to the transforming gene (mos) of Moloney murine sarcoma virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79: 4078-4082, 1982.
    • (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.79 , pp. 4078-4082
    • Watson, R.1    Oskarsson, M.K.2    Woude, G.F.V.3
  • 363
    • 0026686669 scopus 로고
    • Dominant negative selection of heterologous genes: Isolation of Candida albicans genes that interfere with Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating factor-induced cell cycle arrest
    • WHITEWAY, M., D. DIGNARD, AND D. Y. THOMAS. Dominant negative selection of heterologous genes: isolation of Candida albicans genes that interfere with Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating factor-induced cell cycle arrest. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 9410-9414, 1992.
    • (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.89 , pp. 9410-9414
    • Whiteway, M.1    Dignard, D.2    Thomas, D.Y.3
  • 364
    • 0029146796 scopus 로고
    • Association of the yeast pheromone response G protein beta gamma subunits with the MAP kinase scaffold Ste5p
    • WHITEWAY, M. S., C. WU, T. LEEUW, K. CLARK, A. FOUREST-LIEUVIN, D. Y. THOMAS, AND E. LEBERER. Association of the yeast pheromone response G protein beta gamma subunits with the MAP kinase scaffold Ste5p. Science 269: 1572-1575, 1995.
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 1572-1575
    • Whiteway, M.S.1    Wu, C.2    Leeuw, T.3    Clark, K.4    Fourest-Lieuvin, A.5    Thomas, D.Y.6    Leberer, E.7
  • 365
    • 0029808748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcription factor AP-1 regulation by mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways
    • WHITMARSH, A. J., AND R. J. DAVIS. Transcription factor AP-1 regulation by mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways. J. Mol. Med. 74: 589-607, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Mol. Med. , vol.74 , pp. 589-607
    • Whitmarsh, A.J.1    Davis, R.J.2
  • 366
    • 0031954631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MEKK1, a substrate for DEVD-directed caspases, is involved in genotoxin-induced apoptosis
    • WIDMANN, C., P. GERWINS, N. LASSIGNAL JOHNSON, M. B. JARPE, AND G. L. JOHNSON. MEKK1, a substrate for DEVD-directed caspases, is involved in genotoxin-induced apoptosis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18: 2416-2429, 1998.
    • (1998) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.18 , pp. 2416-2429
    • Widmann, C.1    Gerwins, P.2    Johnson, N.L.3    Jarpe, M.B.4    Johnson, G.L.5
  • 367
    • 0032549670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caspase-dependent cleavage of signaling proteins during apoptosis. A turn-off mechanism for anti-apoptotic signals
    • WIDMANN, C., S. GIBSON, AND G. L. JOHNSON. Caspase-dependent cleavage of signaling proteins during apoptosis. A turn-off mechanism for anti-apoptotic signals. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 7141-7147, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.273 , pp. 7141-7147
    • Widmann, C.1    Gibson, S.2    Johnson, G.L.3
  • 368
    • 9844247987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potentiation of apoptosis by low dose stress stimuli in cells expressing activated MEK kinase 1
    • WIDMANN, C., N. LASSIGNAL JOHNSON, A. M. GARDNER, R. J. SMITH, AND G. L. JOHNSON. Potentiation of apoptosis by low dose stress stimuli in cells expressing activated MEK kinase 1. Oncogene 15: 2439-2447, 1997.
    • (1997) Oncogene , vol.15 , pp. 2439-2447
    • Widmann, C.1    Johnson, N.L.2    Gardner, A.M.3    Smith, R.J.4    Johnson, G.L.5
  • 369
    • 0032080107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase homologue of Leishmania mexicana is essential for parasite survival in the infected host
    • WIESE, M. A mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase homologue of Leishmania mexicana is essential for parasite survival in the infected host. EMBO J. 17: 2619-2628, 1998.
    • (1998) EMBO J. , vol.17 , pp. 2619-2628
    • Wiese, M.1
  • 370
    • 0028853790 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning, functional expression in Escherichia coli, and characterization of multiple mitogen-activated-protein kinases from tobacco
    • WILSON, C., R. ANGLMAYER, O. VICENTE, AND E. HEBERLE-BORS. Molecular cloning, functional expression in Escherichia coli, and characterization of multiple mitogen-activated-protein kinases from tobacco. Eur. J. Biochem. 233: 249-257, 1995.
    • (1995) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.233 , pp. 249-257
    • Wilson, C.1    Anglmayer, R.2    Vicente, O.3    Heberle-Bors, E.4
  • 371
    • 0027690397 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of a tobacco cDNA clone encoding a putative MAP kinase
    • WILSON, C., N. ELLER, A. GARTNER, O. VICENTE, AND E. HEBERLE-BORS. Isolation and characterization of a tobacco cDNA clone encoding a putative MAP kinase. Plant Mol. Biol. 23: 543-551, 1993.
    • (1993) Plant Mol. Biol. , vol.23 , pp. 543-551
    • Wilson, C.1    Eller, N.2    Gartner, A.3    Vicente, O.4    Heberle-Bors, E.5
  • 373
    • 0028986629 scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor a rapidly activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in a MAPK kinase kinase-dependent, c-Raf-1-independent fashion in mouse macrophages
    • WINSTON, B. W., C. A. LANGE-CARTER, A. M. GARDNER, G. L. JOHNSON, AND D. W. H. RICHES. Tumor necrosis factor a rapidly activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in a MAPK kinase kinase-dependent, c-Raf-1-independent fashion in mouse macrophages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 1614-1618, 1995.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 1614-1618
    • Winston, B.W.1    Lange-Carter, C.A.2    Gardner, A.M.3    Johnson, G.L.4    Riches, D.W.H.5
  • 374
    • 0030156250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular signalling: Putting JAKs on the kinase MAP
    • WINSTON, L. A., AND T. HUNTER. Intracellular signalling: putting JAKs on the kinase MAP. Curr. Biol. 6: 668-671, 1996.
    • (1996) Curr. Biol. , vol.6 , pp. 668-671
    • Winston, L.A.1    Hunter, T.2
  • 376
    • 0027202110 scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of a new mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, MKK2
    • WU, J., J. K. HARRISON, P. DENT, K. R. LYNCH, M. J. WEBER, AND T. W. STURGILL. Identification and characterization of a new mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, MKK2. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 4539-4548, 1993.
    • (1993) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 4539-4548
    • Wu, J.1    Harrison, J.K.2    Dent, P.3    Lynch, K.R.4    Weber, M.J.5    Sturgill, T.W.6
  • 378
    • 0030062094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective activation of MEK1 but not MEK2 by A-Raf from epidermal growth factor-stimulated Hela cells
    • WU, X., S. J. NOH, G. ZHOU, J. E. DIXON, AND K.-L. GUAN. Selective activation of MEK1 but not MEK2 by A-Raf from epidermal growth factor-stimulated HeLa cells. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 3265-3271, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.271 , pp. 3265-3271
    • Wu, X.1    Noh, S.J.2    Zhou, G.3    Dixon, J.E.4    Guan, K.-L.5
  • 379
    • 0028180320 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of activated Let-60 ras protein defines a role of Caenorhabditis elegans Sur-1 MAP kinase in vulval differentiation
    • WU, Y., AND M. HAN. Suppression of activated Let-60 ras protein defines a role of Caenorhabditis elegans Sur-1 MAP kinase in vulval differentiation. Genes Dev. 8: 147-159, 1994.
    • (1994) Genes Dev. , vol.8 , pp. 147-159
    • Wu, Y.1    Han, M.2
  • 380
    • 0028943025 scopus 로고
    • MEK-2, a Caenorhabditis elegans MAP kinase kinase, functions in Ras-mediated vulval induction and other developmental events
    • WU, Y., M. HAN, AND K. L. GUAN. MEK-2, a Caenorhabditis elegans MAP kinase kinase, functions in Ras-mediated vulval induction and other developmental events. Genes Dev. 9: 742-755, 1995.
    • (1995) Genes Dev. , vol.9 , pp. 742-755
    • Wu, Y.1    Han, M.2    Guan, K.L.3
  • 382
    • 0028880006 scopus 로고
    • Opposing effects of ERK and JNK-p38 MAP kinases on apoptosis
    • XIA, Z., M. DICKENS, J. RAINGEAUD, R. J. DAVIS, AND M. E. GREENBERG. Opposing effects of ERK and JNK-p38 MAP kinases on apoptosis. Science 270: 1326-1331, 1995.
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 1326-1331
    • Xia, Z.1    Dickens, M.2    Raingeaud, J.3    Davis, R.J.4    Greenberg, M.E.5
  • 383
    • 0027953513 scopus 로고
    • Concerted action of Ras and G proteins in the sexual response pathways of Schizosaccharomyces pombe
    • XU, H. P., M. WHITE, S. MARCUS, AND M. WIGLER. Concerted action of Ras and G proteins in the sexual response pathways of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mol. Cell Biol. 14: 50-58, 1994.
    • (1994) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 50-58
    • Xu, H.P.1    White, M.2    Marcus, S.3    Wigler, M.4
  • 384
    • 0029942952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning of rat MEK kinase 1 cDNA reveals an endogenous membrane-associated 195-kDa protein with a large regulatory domain
    • XU, S., D. J. ROBBINS, L. B. CHRISTERSON, J. M. ENGLISH, C. A. VANDERBILT, AND M. H. COBB. Cloning of rat MEK kinase 1 cDNA reveals an endogenous membrane-associated 195-kDa protein with a large regulatory domain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93: 5291-5295, 1996.
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 5291-5295
    • Xu, S.1    Robbins, D.J.2    Christerson, L.B.3    English, J.M.4    Vanderbilt, C.A.5    Cobb, M.H.6
  • 387
    • 0029058730 scopus 로고
    • Purification of a Ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase from bovine brain cytosol and its identification as a complex of B-Raf and 14-3-3 proteins
    • YAMAMORI, B., S. KURODA, K. SHIMIZU, K. FUKUI, T. TAKAI, AND Y. OHTSUKA. Purification of a Ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase from bovine brain cytosol and its identification as a complex of B-Raf and 14-3-3 proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 11723-11726, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 11723-11726
    • Yamamori, B.1    Kuroda, S.2    Shimizu, K.3    Fukui, K.4    Takai, T.5    Ohtsuka, Y.6
  • 390
    • 0031587883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daax, a novel Fas-binding protein that activates JNK and apoptosis
    • YANG, X., R. KHOSRAM-FAR, H. Y. CHANG, AND D. BALTIMORE. Daax, a novel Fas-binding protein that activates JNK and apoptosis. Cell 89: 1067-1076, 1997.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.89 , pp. 1067-1076
    • Yang, X.1    Khosram-Far, R.2    Chang, H.Y.3    Baltimore, D.4
  • 391
    • 0027184134 scopus 로고
    • Novel members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase activator family in Xenopus laevis
    • YASHAR, B. M., C. KELLEY, K. YEE, B. ERREDE, AND L. I. ZON. Novel members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase activator family in Xenopus laevis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 5738-5748, 1993.
    • (1993) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 5738-5748
    • Yashar, B.M.1    Kelley, C.2    Yee, K.3    Errede, B.4    Zon, L.I.5
  • 393
    • 0029934687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro inhibition of MAP kinase (ERK1/ ERK2) activity by phosphorylated glia maturation factor (GMF)
    • ZAHEER, A., AND R. LIM. In vitro inhibition of MAP kinase (ERK1/ ERK2) activity by phosphorylated glia maturation factor (GMF). Biochemistry 35: 6283-6288, 1996.
    • (1996) Biochemistry , vol.35 , pp. 6283-6288
    • Zaheer, A.1    Lim, R.2
  • 394
    • 0030962033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spm1, a stress-activated MAP kinase that regulates morphogenesis in S. Pombe
    • ZAITSEVSKAYA-CARTER, T., AND J. A. COOPER. Spm1, a stress-activated MAP kinase that regulates morphogenesis in S. pombe. EMBO J. 16: 1318-1331, 1997.
    • (1997) EMBO J. , vol.16 , pp. 1318-1331
    • Zaitsevskaya-Carter, T.1    Cooper, J.A.2
  • 395
    • 0030749330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in myocardial cell growth, sarcomeric organization, and cardiac-specific gene expression
    • ZECHNER, D., D. J. THUERAUF, D. S. HANFORD, P. M. MCDONOUGH, AND C. C. GLEMBOTSKI. A role for the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in myocardial cell growth, sarcomeric organization, and cardiac-specific gene expression. J. Cell Biol. 139: 115-127, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Cell Biol. , vol.139 , pp. 115-127
    • Zechner, D.1    Thuerauf, D.J.2    Hanford, D.S.3    McDonough, P.M.4    Glembotski, C.C.5
  • 396
    • 0028818395 scopus 로고
    • Mxi2, a mitogen-activated protein kinase that recognizes and phosphorylates Max protein
    • ZERVOS, A. S., L. FACCIO, J. P. GATTO, J. M. KYRIAKIS, AND R. BRENT. Mxi2, a mitogen-activated protein kinase that recognizes and phosphorylates Max protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92: 10531-10534, 1995.
    • (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , pp. 10531-10534
    • Zervos, A.S.1    Faccio, L.2    Gatto, J.P.3    Kyriakis, J.M.4    Brent, R.5
  • 397
    • 0028820587 scopus 로고
    • Rho family GTPases regulate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase through the downstream mediator Pak1
    • ZHANG, S., J. HUAN, M. A. SELLS, J. CHERNOFF, U. G. KNAUS, R. J. ULEVITCH, AND G. M. BOKOCH. Rho family GTPases regulate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase through the downstream mediator Pak1. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 23934-23936, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 23934-23936
    • Zhang, S.1    Huan, J.2    Sells, M.A.3    Chernoff, J.4    Knaus, U.G.5    Ulevitch, R.J.6    Bokoch, G.M.7
  • 398
    • 0031131605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salicyclic acid activates a 48-kuo-dalton MAP kinase in tobacco
    • ZHANG, S., AND D. F. KLESSIG. Salicyclic acid activates a 48-kuo-dalton MAP kinase in tobacco. Plant Cell 9: 809-824, 1997.
    • (1997) Plant Cell , vol.9 , pp. 809-824
    • Zhang, S.1    Klessig, D.F.2
  • 400
    • 0029786212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptor-associated Mad homologues synergize as effectors of the TGF-beta response
    • ZHANG, Y., X. FENG, R. WE, AND R. DERYNCK. Receptor-associated Mad homologues synergize as effectors of the TGF-beta response. Nature 383: 168-172, 1996.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.383 , pp. 168-172
    • Zhang, Y.1    Feng, X.2    We, R.3    Derynck, R.4
  • 401
    • 0027217533 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and characterization of two distinct human extracellular signal-regulated kinase activator kinases, MEK1 and MEK2
    • ZHENG, C.-F., AND K.-L. GUAN. Cloning and characterization of two distinct human extracellular signal-regulated kinase activator kinases, MEK1 and MEK2. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 11435-11439, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.268 , pp. 11435-11439
    • Zheng, C.-F.1    Guan, K.-L.2
  • 402
    • 0028240684 scopus 로고
    • Growth factor induced mek activation is primarily mediated by an activator different from c-raf
    • ZHENG, C. F., M. OHMICHI, A. R. SALTIEL, AND K. L. GUAN. Growth factor induced MEK activation is primarily mediated by an activator different from c-raf. Biochemistry 33: 5595-5599, 1994.
    • (1994) Biochemistry , vol.33 , pp. 5595-5599
    • Zheng, C.F.1    Ohmichi, M.2    Saltiel, A.R.3    Guan, K.L.4
  • 403
    • 0029055761 scopus 로고
    • Components of a new human protein kinase signal transduction pathway
    • ZHOU, G., Z. Q. BAO, AND J. E. DIXON. Components of a new human protein kinase signal transduction pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 12665-12669, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 12665-12669
    • Zhou, G.1    Bao, Z.Q.2    Dixon, J.E.3
  • 404
    • 0028171047 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and characterization of p97MAPK, a novel human homolog of rat ERK-3
    • ZHU, A. X., Y. ZHAO, D. E. MOLLER, AND J. S. FLIER. Cloning and characterization of p97MAPK, a novel human homolog of rat ERK-3. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14: 8202-8211, 1994.
    • (1994) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 8202-8211
    • Zhu, A.X.1    Zhao, Y.2    Moller, D.E.3    Flier, J.S.4
  • 405
    • 0028904784 scopus 로고
    • Integrin-dependent activation of MAP kinase: A link to shape-dependent cell proliferation
    • ZHU, X., AND R. K. ASSOIAN. Integrin-dependent activation of MAP kinase: a link to shape-dependent cell proliferation. Mol. Biol. Cell 6: 273-282, 1995.
    • (1995) Mol. Biol. Cell , vol.6 , pp. 273-282
    • Zhu, X.1    Assoian, R.K.2
  • 406
    • 0030699253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MEK1 mediates a positive feedback on Raf-1 activity independently of Ras and src
    • ZIMMERMANN, S., C. ROMMEL, A. ZIOGAS, J. LOVRIC, K. MOELLING, AND G. RADZIWILL. MEK1 mediates a positive feedback on Raf-1 activity independently of Ras and src. Oncogene 15: 1503-1511, 1997.
    • (1997) Oncogene , vol.15 , pp. 1503-1511
    • Zimmermann, S.1    Rommel, C.2    Ziogas, A.3    Lovric, J.4    Moelling, K.5    Radziwill, G.6
  • 407
    • 0029147738 scopus 로고
    • Protein synthesis inhibitors reveal differential regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and stress-activated protein kinase pathways that converge on Elk-1
    • ZINCK, R., M. A. CAHILL, M. KRACHT, C. SACHSENMAIER, R. A. HIPSKIND, AND A. NORDHEIM. Protein synthesis inhibitors reveal differential regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and stress-activated protein kinase pathways that converge on Elk-1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15: 4930-4938, 1995.
    • (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 4930-4938
    • Zinck, R.1    Cahill, M.A.2    Kracht, M.3    Sachsenmaier, C.4    Hipskind, R.A.5    Nordheim, A.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.