메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue AUG, 2017, Pages

Synthetic cathinone and cannabinoid designer drugs pose a major risk for public health

Author keywords

Amphetamine; Cannabis; Cathinones; New psychoactive drugs; Synthetic drugs

Indexed keywords


EID: 85028305805     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16640640     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00156     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (119)

References (152)
  • 1
    • 84909952995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baths salts, spice, and related designer drugs: the science behind the headlines
    • Baumann MH, Solis E Jr, Watterson LR, Marusich JA, Fantegrossi WE, Wiley JL. Baths salts, spice, and related designer drugs: the science behind the headlines. J Neurosci (2014) 34(46):15150-8. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI. 3223-14.2014
    • (2014) J Neurosci , vol.34 , Issue.46 , pp. 15150-15158
    • Baumann, M.H.1    Solis, E.2    Watterson, L.R.3    Marusich, J.A.4    Fantegrossi, W.E.5    Wiley, J.L.6
  • 3
    • 84878890238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designer cathinones-an emerging class of novel recreational drugs
    • Zawilska JB, Wojcieszak J. Designer cathinones-an emerging class of novel recreational drugs. Forensic Sci Int (2013) 231(1-3):42-53. doi:10.1016/j. forsciint.2013.04.015
    • (2013) Forensic Sci Int , vol.231 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 42-53
    • Zawilska, J.B.1    Wojcieszak, J.2
  • 4
    • 84901844227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone and other cathinones
    • Zawilska JB. Mephedrone and other cathinones. Curr Opin Psychiatry (2014) 27(4):256-62. doi:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000066
    • (2014) Curr Opin Psychiatry , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 256-262
    • Zawilska, J.B.1
  • 5
    • 84943354956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Legal highs"-an emerging epidemic of novel psychoactive substances
    • Zawilska J. "Legal highs"-an emerging epidemic of novel psychoactive substances. Int Rev Neurobiol (2015) 120:273-300. doi:10.1016/bs.irn. 2015.02.009
    • (2015) Int Rev Neurobiol , vol.120 , pp. 273-300
    • Zawilska, J.1
  • 6
    • 84904062662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New designer drugs (synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones): review of literature
    • Cottencin O, Rolland B, Karila L. New designer drugs (synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones): review of literature. Curr Pharm Des (2014) 20(25):4106-11. doi:10.2174/13816128113199990622
    • (2014) Curr Pharm Des , vol.20 , Issue.25 , pp. 4106-4111
    • Cottencin, O.1    Rolland, B.2    Karila, L.3
  • 7
    • 84894036953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bath salts and synthetic cathinones: an emerging designer drug phenomenon
    • German CL, Fleckenstein AE, Hanson GR. Bath salts and synthetic cathinones: an emerging designer drug phenomenon. Life Sci (2014) 97(1):2-8. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2013.07.023
    • (2014) Life Sci , vol.97 , Issue.1 , pp. 2-8
    • German, C.L.1    Fleckenstein, A.E.2    Hanson, G.R.3
  • 8
    • 80051712042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical experience with and analytical confirmation of "bath salts" and "legal highs" (synthetic cathinones) in the United States
    • Spiller HA, Ryan ML, Weston RG, Jansen J. Clinical experience with and analytical confirmation of "bath salts" and "legal highs" (synthetic cathinones) in the United States. Clin Toxicol (2011) 49(6):499-505. doi:10.3109/155636 50.2011.590812
    • (2011) Clin Toxicol , vol.49 , Issue.6 , pp. 499-505
    • Spiller, H.A.1    Ryan, M.L.2    Weston, R.G.3    Jansen, J.4
  • 9
    • 85028297786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Drug Report. New York: United Nations Publication. Sales No. E.15.XI
    • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). World Drug Report. New York: United Nations Publication (2015). Sales No. E.15.XI.
    • (2015)
  • 10
    • 84938064190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Psychoactive Substances in Europe
    • An Update from the EU Early Warning System. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union (2015)
    • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). New Psychoactive Substances in Europe (2015). An Update from the EU Early Warning System. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union (2015).
    • (2015)
  • 11
    • 84931068968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease
    • Notes from the field: increase in reported adverse health effects related to synthetic cannabinoid use-United States, January-May 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
    • Law R, Schier J, Martin C, Chang A, Wolkin A; Centers for Disease. Notes from the field: increase in reported adverse health effects related to synthetic cannabinoid use-United States, January-May 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep (2015) 64(22):618-9.
    • (2015) , vol.64 , Issue.22 , pp. 618-619
    • Law, R.1    Schier, J.2    Martin, C.3    Chang, A.4    Wolkin, A.5
  • 12
    • 84946917685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel drugs of abuse: a snapshot of an evolving marketplace
    • Vandrey R, Johnson MW, Johnson PS, Khalil MA. Novel drugs of abuse: a snapshot of an evolving marketplace. Adolesc Psychiatry (2013) 3(2):123-34. doi:10.2174/2210676611303020003
    • (2013) Adolesc Psychiatry , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 123-134
    • Vandrey, R.1    Johnson, M.W.2    Johnson, P.S.3    Khalil, M.A.4
  • 13
    • 85028312326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Drug Report. New York: United Nations Publication. Sales No. E.16.XI.7
    • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODOC). World Drug Report. New York: United Nations Publication (2016). Sales No. E.16.XI.7.
    • (2016)
  • 14
    • 84943380191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of in vivo dopamine transmission and intravenous self-administration in rats and mice by JWH-018, a spice cannabinoid
    • De Luca MA, Bimpisidis Z, Melis M, Marti M, Caboni P, Valentini V, et al. Stimulation of in vivo dopamine transmission and intravenous self-administration in rats and mice by JWH-018, a spice cannabinoid. Neuropharmacology (2015) 99:705-14. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015. 08.041
    • (2015) Neuropharmacology , vol.99 , pp. 705-714
    • De Luca, M.A.1    Bimpisidis, Z.2    Melis, M.3    Marti, M.4    Caboni, P.5    Valentini, V.6
  • 15
    • 84966425272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropharmacology of new psychoactive substances (NPS): focus on the rewarding and reinforcing properties of cannabimimetics and amphetamine-like stimulants
    • Miliano C, Serpelloni G, Rimondo C, Mereu M, Marti M, De Luca MA. Neuropharmacology of new psychoactive substances (NPS): focus on the rewarding and reinforcing properties of cannabimimetics and amphetamine-like stimulants. Front Neurosci (2016) 10:153. doi:10.3389/fnins. 2016.00153
    • (2016) Front Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 153
    • Miliano, C.1    Serpelloni, G.2    Rimondo, C.3    Mereu, M.4    Marti, M.5    De Luca, M.A.6
  • 16
    • 84954025632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abuse of new psychoactive substances (NPS): threats and solutions
    • Baumann MH, Volkow ND. Abuse of new psychoactive substances (NPS): threats and solutions. Neuropsychopharmacology (2016) 41(3):663-5. doi:10.1038/npp.2015.260
    • (2016) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 663-665
    • Baumann, M.H.1    Volkow, N.D.2
  • 17
    • 84858335179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The designer methcathinone analogs, mephedrone and methylone, are substrates for monoamine transporters in brain tissue
    • Baumann MH, Ayestas MA Jr, Partilla JS, Sink JR, Shulgin AT, Daley PF, et al. The designer methcathinone analogs, mephedrone and methylone, are substrates for monoamine transporters in brain tissue. Neuropsychopharmacology (2012) 37:1192-203. doi:10.1038/npp.2011.304
    • (2012) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.37 , pp. 1192-1203
    • Baumann, M.H.1    Ayestas, M.A.2    Partilla, J.S.3    Sink, J.R.4    Shulgin, A.T.5    Daley, P.F.6
  • 18
    • 0027496896 scopus 로고
    • Methcathinone: a Russian designer amphetamine infiltrates the rural midwest
    • Emerson TS, Cisek JE. Methcathinone: a Russian designer amphetamine infiltrates the rural midwest. Ann Emerg Med (1993) 22:1897-903. doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(05)80419-6
    • (1993) Ann Emerg Med , vol.22 , pp. 1897-1903
    • Emerson, T.S.1    Cisek, J.E.2
  • 19
    • 84929335284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cathinone neurotoxicity (the "3Ms")
    • Karch SB. Cathinone neurotoxicity (the "3Ms"). Curr Neuropharmacol (2015) 13(1):21-5. doi:10.2174/1570159X13666141210225009
    • (2015) Curr Neuropharmacol , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-25
    • Karch, S.B.1
  • 20
    • 79952816579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thematic Paper-Understanding the 'Spice' Phenomenon
    • Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities
    • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). Thematic Paper-Understanding the 'Spice' Phenomenon. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities (2009).
    • (2009)
  • 21
    • 84872787031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic Marijuana. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin
    • Macher R, Burke TW, Owen SS. Synthetic Marijuana. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. (2012). Available from: http://leb.fbi.gov/2012/may/ synthetic-marijuana
    • (2012)
    • Macher, R.1    Burke, T.W.2    Owen, S.S.3
  • 22
    • 84936881568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cannabinoids
    • Mills B, Yepes A, Nugent K. Synthetic cannabinoids. Am J Med Sci (2015) 350(1):59-62. doi:10.1097/MAJ.0000000000000466
    • (2015) Am J Med Sci , vol.350 , Issue.1 , pp. 59-62
    • Mills, B.1    Yepes, A.2    Nugent, K.3
  • 23
    • 84866989897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spice drugs are more than harmless herbal blends: a review of the pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic cannabinoids
    • Seely K, Lapoint J, Moran JH, Fattore L. Spice drugs are more than harmless herbal blends: a review of the pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic cannabinoids. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry (2012) 39(2):234-43. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.04.017
    • (2012) Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 234-243
    • Seely, K.1    Lapoint, J.2    Moran, J.H.3    Fattore, L.4
  • 24
    • 4544289177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabimimetic Indole Derivates
    • United States patent US 20080090871A
    • Makriyannis A, Deng H. Cannabimimetic Indole Derivates. United States patent US 20080090871A (2007).
    • (2007)
    • Makriyannis, A.1    Deng, H.2
  • 26
    • 0030545266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chewing as a social act: cultural displacement and khat consumption in the East African communities of Melbourne
    • Stevenson M, Fitzgerald J, Banwell C. Chewing as a social act: cultural displacement and khat consumption in the East African communities of Melbourne. Drug Alcohol Rev (1996) 15(1):73-82. doi:10.1080/09595239600185691
    • (1996) Drug Alcohol Rev , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-82
    • Stevenson, M.1    Fitzgerald, J.2    Banwell, C.3
  • 27
    • 84964315452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of "bath salts" use patterns within an online sample of users in the United States
    • Johnson S, Johnson MW. Investigation of "bath salts" use patterns within an online sample of users in the United States. J Psychoactive Drugs (2014) 46(5):369-78. doi:10.1080/02791072.2014.962717
    • (2014) J Psychoactive Drugs , vol.46 , Issue.5 , pp. 369-378
    • Johnson, S.1    Johnson, M.W.2
  • 28
    • 84904541448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in patterns of injecting drug use in Hungary: a shift to synthetic cathinones
    • Péterfi A, Tarján A, Horváth GC, Csesztregi T, Nyírády A. Changes in patterns of injecting drug use in Hungary: a shift to synthetic cathinones. Drug Test Anal (2014) 6(7-8):825-31. doi:10.1002/dta.1625
    • (2014) Drug Test Anal , vol.6 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 825-831
    • Péterfi, A.1    Tarján, A.2    Horváth, G.C.3    Csesztregi, T.4    Nyírády, A.5
  • 29
    • 78649371984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone use and associated adverse effects in school and college/university students before the UK legislation change
    • Dargan PI, Albert S, Wood DM. Mephedrone use and associated adverse effects in school and college/university students before the UK legislation change. QJM (2010) 103(11):875-9. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcq134
    • (2010) QJM , vol.103 , Issue.11 , pp. 875-879
    • Dargan, P.I.1    Albert, S.2    Wood, D.M.3
  • 30
    • 84954400173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of the use of 3-MMC and other new psychoactive drugs in Slovenia and the perceived problems experienced by users
    • Sande M. Characteristics of the use of 3-MMC and other new psychoactive drugs in Slovenia and the perceived problems experienced by users. Int J Drug Policy (2016) 27:65-73. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.03.005
    • (2016) Int J Drug Policy , vol.27 , pp. 65-73
    • Sande, M.1
  • 31
    • 84899480453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of new psychoactive substance use among emergency room patients: results from the Swedish STRIDA project
    • Helander A, Bäckberg M, Hultén P, Al-Saffar Y, Beck O. Detection of new psychoactive substance use among emergency room patients: results from the Swedish STRIDA project. Forensic Sci Int (2014) 243:23-9. doi:10.1016/j. forsciint.2014.02.022
    • (2014) Forensic Sci Int , vol.243 , pp. 23-29
    • Helander, A.1    Bäckberg, M.2    Hultén, P.3    Al-Saffar, Y.4    Beck, O.5
  • 32
    • 84862768861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Spice" and "K2" herbal highs: a case series and systematic review of the clinical effects and biopsychosocial implications of synthetic cannabinoid use in humans
    • Gunderson EW, Haughey HM, Ait-Daoud N, Joshi AS, Hart CL. "Spice" and "K2" herbal highs: a case series and systematic review of the clinical effects and biopsychosocial implications of synthetic cannabinoid use in humans. Am J Addict (2012) 21(4):320-6. doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012. 00240.x
    • (2012) Am J Addict , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 320-326
    • Gunderson, E.W.1    Haughey, H.M.2    Ait-Daoud, N.3    Joshi, A.S.4    Hart, C.L.5
  • 33
    • 84925222225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reasons for synthetic THC use among college students
    • Vidourek RA, King KA, Burbage ML. Reasons for synthetic THC use among college students. J Drug Educ (2013) 43(4):353-63. doi:10.2190/DE.43.4.d
    • (2013) J Drug Educ , vol.43 , Issue.4 , pp. 353-363
    • Vidourek, R.A.1    King, K.A.2    Burbage, M.L.3
  • 34
    • 84858831460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cannabinoid use: recognition and management
    • Castellanos D, Thornton G. Synthetic cannabinoid use: recognition and management. J Psychiatr Pract (2012) 18(2):86-93. doi:10.1097/01. pra.0000413274.09305.9c
    • (2012) J Psychiatr Pract , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 86-93
    • Castellanos, D.1    Thornton, G.2
  • 35
    • 79960030672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • College students and use of K2: an emerging drug of abuse in young persons
    • Hu X, Primack BA, Barnett TE, Cook RL. College students and use of K2: an emerging drug of abuse in young persons. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy (2011) 6:16. doi:10.1186/1747-597X-6-16
    • (2011) Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy , vol.6 , pp. 16
    • Hu, X.1    Primack, B.A.2    Barnett, T.E.3    Cook, R.L.4
  • 36
    • 84925883081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating correlates of synthetic marijuana and Salvia use in light and intermittent smokers and college students in a predominantly Hispanic sample
    • Gutierrez KM, Cooper TV. Investigating correlates of synthetic marijuana and Salvia use in light and intermittent smokers and college students in a predominantly Hispanic sample. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol (2014) 22(6):524-9. doi:10.1037/a0038014
    • (2014) Exp Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 524-529
    • Gutierrez, K.M.1    Cooper, T.V.2
  • 37
    • 84939464381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cannabinoids: use and predictors in a community sample of young adults
    • Caviness CM, Tzilos G, Anderson BJ, Stein MD. Synthetic cannabinoids: use and predictors in a community sample of young adults. Subst Abus (2015) 36(3):368-73. doi:10.1080/08897077.2014.959151
    • (2015) Subst Abus , vol.36 , Issue.3 , pp. 368-373
    • Caviness, C.M.1    Tzilos, G.2    Anderson, B.J.3    Stein, M.D.4
  • 39
    • 84926209721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cannabinoid use in a nationally representative sample of US high school seniors
    • Palamar JJ, Acosta P. Synthetic cannabinoid use in a nationally representative sample of US high school seniors. Drug Alcohol Depend (2015) 149:194-202. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.044
    • (2015) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.149 , pp. 194-202
    • Palamar, J.J.1    Acosta, P.2
  • 40
    • 84922407074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cannabinoid use among patients in residential substance use disorder treatment: prevalence, motives, and correlates
    • Bonar EE, Ashrafioun L, Ilgen MA. Synthetic cannabinoid use among patients in residential substance use disorder treatment: prevalence, motives, and correlates. Drug Alcohol Depend (2014) 143:268-71. doi:10.1016/j. drugalcdep.2014.07.009
    • (2014) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.143 , pp. 268-271
    • Bonar, E.E.1    Ashrafioun, L.2    Ilgen, M.A.3
  • 41
    • 84946489216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-reported use of novel psychoactive substances in a US nationally representative survey: prevalence, correlates, and a call for new survey methods to prevent underre porting
    • Palamar JJ, Martins SS, Su MK, Ompad DC. Self-reported use of novel psychoactive substances in a US nationally representative survey: prevalence, correlates, and a call for new survey methods to prevent underre porting. Drug Alcohol Depend (2015) 156:112-9. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep. 2015.08.028
    • (2015) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.156 , pp. 112-119
    • Palamar, J.J.1    Martins, S.S.2    Su, M.K.3    Ompad, D.C.4
  • 42
    • 84878586179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cannabis: a comparison of patterns of use and effect profile with natural cannabis in a large global sample
    • Winstock AR, Barratt MJ. Synthetic cannabis: a comparison of patterns of use and effect profile with natural cannabis in a large global sample. Drug Alcohol Depend (2013) 131(1-2):106-11. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep. 2012.12.011
    • (2013) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.131 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 106-111
    • Winstock, A.R.1    Barratt, M.J.2
  • 43
    • 84930666571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of emergency medical treatment following consumption of cannabis or synthetic cannabinoids in a large global sample
    • Winstock A, Lynskey M, Borschmann R, Waldron J. Risk of emergency medical treatment following consumption of cannabis or synthetic cannabinoids in a large global sample. J Psychopharmacol (2015) 29(6):698-703. doi:10.1177/0269881115574493
    • (2015) J Psychopharmacol , vol.29 , Issue.6 , pp. 698-703
    • Winstock, A.1    Lynskey, M.2    Borschmann, R.3    Waldron, J.4
  • 44
    • 84874936416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of synthetic cannabinoid use in Australia
    • Barratt MJ, Cakic V, Lenton S. Patterns of synthetic cannabinoid use in Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev (2013) 32(2):141-6. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012. 00519.x
    • (2013) Drug Alcohol Rev , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-146
    • Barratt, M.J.1    Cakic, V.2    Lenton, S.3
  • 45
    • 84937597806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns and correlates of new psychoactive substance use in a sample of Australian high school students
    • Champion KE, Teesson M, Newton NC. Patterns and correlates of new psychoactive substance use in a sample of Australian high school students. Drug Alcohol Rev (2016) 35(3):338-44. doi:10.1111/dar.12312
    • (2016) Drug Alcohol Rev , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 338-344
    • Champion, K.E.1    Teesson, M.2    Newton, N.C.3
  • 46
    • 84879422967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to bath salts and synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol from 2009 to 2012 in the United States
    • Wood KE. Exposure to bath salts and synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol from 2009 to 2012 in the United States. J Pediatr (2013) 163(1):213-6. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.12.056
    • (2013) J Pediatr , vol.163 , Issue.1 , pp. 213-216
    • Wood, K.E.1
  • 47
    • 84871923568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychoactive "bath salts": not so soothing
    • Baumann MH, Partilla JS, Lehner KR. Psychoactive "bath salts": not so soothing. Eur J Pharmacol (2013) 698(1-3):1-5. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2012. 11.020
    • (2013) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.698 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 1-5
    • Baumann, M.H.1    Partilla, J.S.2    Lehner, K.R.3
  • 48
    • 84887618584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel psychoactive drug use among younger adults involved in US nightlife scenes
    • Kelly BC, Wells BE, Pawson M, LeClair A, Parsons JT, Golub SA. Novel psychoactive drug use among younger adults involved in US nightlife scenes. Drug Alcohol Rev (2013) 32(6):588-93. doi:10.1111/dar.12058
    • (2013) Drug Alcohol Rev , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 588-593
    • Kelly, B.C.1    Wells, B.E.2    Pawson, M.3    LeClair, A.4    Parsons, J.T.5    Golub, S.A.6
  • 49
    • 84867232376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of synthetic cathinones contained in "bath salts" on motor behavior and a functional observational battery in mice
    • Marusich JA, Grant KR, Blough BE, Wiley JL. Effects of synthetic cathinones contained in "bath salts" on motor behavior and a functional observational battery in mice. Neurotoxicology (2012) 33(5):1305-13. doi:10.1016/j. neuro.2012.08.003
    • (2012) Neurotoxicology , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 1305-1313
    • Marusich, J.A.1    Grant, K.R.2    Blough, B.E.3    Wiley, J.L.4
  • 50
    • 84908505909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of novel synthetic stimulants structurally related to the "bathsalts" constituent 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)
    • Marusich JA, Antonazzo KR, Wiley JL, Blough BE, Partilla JS, Baumann MH. Pharmacology of novel synthetic stimulants structurally related to the "bathsalts" constituent 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). Neuropharmacology (2014) 87:206-13. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm. 2014.02.016
    • (2014) Neuropharmacology , vol.87 , pp. 206-213
    • Marusich, J.A.1    Antonazzo, K.R.2    Wiley, J.L.3    Blough, B.E.4    Partilla, J.S.5    Baumann, M.H.6
  • 51
    • 84939961743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Second- generation' mephedrone analogs, 4-MEC and 4-MePPP, differentially affect monoamine transporter function
    • Saha K, Partilla JS, Lehner KR, Seddik A, Stockner T, Holy M, et al. 'Second- generation' mephedrone analogs, 4-MEC and 4-MePPP, differentially affect monoamine transporter function. Neuropsychopharmacology (2015) 40(6):1321-31. doi:10.1038/npp.2014.325
    • (2015) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.40 , Issue.6 , pp. 1321-1331
    • Saha, K.1    Partilla, J.S.2    Lehner, K.R.3    Seddik, A.4    Stockner, T.5    Holy, M.6
  • 52
    • 84934994075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a-pyrrolidinopentiophenone and 4-methyl-N-ethylcathinone, two synthetic cathinones commonly found in second-generation "bath salts," on intracranial self-stimulation thresholds in rats
    • Watterson LR, Burrows BT, Hernandez RD, Moore KN, Grabenauer M, Marusich JA, et al. Effects of a-pyrrolidinopentiophenone and 4-methyl-N-ethylcathinone, two synthetic cathinones commonly found in second-generation "bath salts," on intracranial self-stimulation thresholds in rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol (2014) 18(1):yu014. doi:10.1093/ijnp/ pyu014
    • (2014) Int J Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. yu014
    • Watterson, L.R.1    Burrows, B.T.2    Hernandez, R.D.3    Moore, K.N.4    Grabenauer, M.5    Marusich, J.A.6
  • 53
    • 84891829217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abuse-related and abuse-limiting effects of methcathinone and the synthetic "bath salts" cathinone analogs methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), methylone, and mephedrone on intracranial self-stimulation in rats
    • Bonano JS, Glennon RA, De Felice LJ, Banks ML, Negus SS. Abuse-related and abuse-limiting effects of methcathinone and the synthetic "bath salts" cathinone analogs methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), methylone, and mephedrone on intracranial self-stimulation in rats. Psychopharmacology (2014) 231(1):199-207. doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3223-5
    • (2014) Psychopharmacology , vol.231 , Issue.1 , pp. 199-207
    • Bonano, J.S.1    Glennon, R.A.2    De Felice, L.J.3    Banks, M.L.4    Negus, S.S.5
  • 54
    • 84920861111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereochemistry of mephedrone neuropharmacology: enantiomer-specific behavioural and neurochemical effects in rats
    • Gregg RA, Baumann MH, Partilla JS, Bonano JS, Vouga A, Tallarida CS, et al. Stereochemistry of mephedrone neuropharmacology: enantiomer-specific behavioural and neurochemical effects in rats. Br J Pharmacol (2015) 172(3):883-94. doi:10.1111/bph.12951
    • (2015) Br J Pharmacol , vol.172 , Issue.3 , pp. 883-894
    • Gregg, R.A.1    Baumann, M.H.2    Partilla, J.S.3    Bonano, J.S.4    Vouga, A.5    Tallarida, C.S.6
  • 55
    • 84892618610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The reinforcing and rewarding effects of methylone, a synthetic cathinone commonly found in "bath salts"
    • Watterson LR, Hood L, Sewalia K, Tomek SE, Yahn S, Johnson CT, et al. The reinforcing and rewarding effects of methylone, a synthetic cathinone commonly found in "bath salts". J Addict Res Ther (2012) (Suppl 9):002. doi:10.4172/2155-6105.S9-002
    • (2012) J Addict Res Ther , pp. 2
    • Watterson, L.R.1    Hood, L.2    Sewalia, K.3    Tomek, S.E.4    Yahn, S.5    Johnson, C.T.6
  • 56
    • 84894430078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potent rewarding and reinforcing effects of the synthetic cathinone 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)
    • Watterson LR, Kufahl PR, Nemirovsky NE, Sewalia K, Grabenauer M, Thomas BF, et al. Potent rewarding and reinforcing effects of the synthetic cathinone 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). Addict Biol (2014) 19(2):165-74. doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00474.x
    • (2014) Addict Biol , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 165-174
    • Watterson, L.R.1    Kufahl, P.R.2    Nemirovsky, N.E.3    Sewalia, K.4    Grabenauer, M.5    Thomas, B.F.6
  • 57
    • 85015950726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The abuse potential of a-piperidinopropiophenone (PIPP) and a-piperidinopentiothiophenone (PIVT), two new synthetic cathinones with piperidine ring substituent
    • Botanas CJ, Yoon SS, de la Peña JB, Dela Peña IJ, Kim M, Woo T, et al. The abuse potential of a-piperidinopropiophenone (PIPP) and a-piperidinopentiothiophenone (PIVT), two new synthetic cathinones with piperidine ring substituent. Biomol Ther (Seoul) (2017) 25(2):122-9. doi:10.4062/ biomolther.2016.241
    • (2017) Biomol Ther (Seoul) , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 122-129
    • Botanas, C.J.1    Yoon, S.S.2    de la Peña, J.B.3    Dela Peña, I.J.4    Kim, M.5    Woo, T.6
  • 58
    • 85008640778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The abuse potential of two novel synthetic cathinones with modification on the alpha-carbon position, 2-cyclohexyl-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethanone (MACHP) and 2-(methylamino)-1-phenyloctan-1-one (MAOP), and their effects on dopaminergic activity
    • Botanas CJ, Yoon SS, de la Peña JB, Dela Peña IJ, Kim M, Woo T, et al. The abuse potential of two novel synthetic cathinones with modification on the alpha-carbon position, 2-cyclohexyl-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethanone (MACHP) and 2-(methylamino)-1-phenyloctan-1-one (MAOP), and their effects on dopaminergic activity. Pharmacol Biochem Behav (2017) 153:160-7. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2016.12.017
    • (2017) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.153 , pp. 160-167
    • Botanas, C.J.1    Yoon, S.S.2    de la Peña, J.B.3    Dela Peña, I.J.4    Kim, M.5    Woo, T.6
  • 59
    • 84991710881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel synthetic cathinone, 2-(methylamino)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl) propan-1-one (BMAPN), produced rewarding effects and altered striatal dopamine-related gene expression in mice
    • Botanas CJ, Yoon SS, de la Peña JB, Dela Peña IJ, Kim M, Woo T, et al. A novel synthetic cathinone, 2-(methylamino)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl) propan-1-one (BMAPN), produced rewarding effects and altered striatal dopamine-related gene expression in mice. Behav Brain Res (2017) 317:494-501. doi:10.1016/j. bbr.2016.10.016
    • (2017) Behav Brain Res , vol.317 , pp. 494-501
    • Botanas, C.J.1    Yoon, S.S.2    de la Peña, J.B.3    Dela Peña, I.J.4    Kim, M.5    Woo, T.6
  • 60
    • 85008613408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral evidence for the abuse potential of the novel synthetic cathinone alpha-pyrrolidinopentiothiophenone (PVT) in rodents
    • Cheong JH, Choi MJ, Jang CG, Lee YS, Lee S, Kim HJ, et al. Behavioral evidence for the abuse potential of the novel synthetic cathinone alpha-pyrrolidinopentiothiophenone (PVT) in rodents. Psychopharmacology (2017) 234(5):857-67. doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4526-8
    • (2017) Psychopharmacology , vol.234 , Issue.5 , pp. 857-867
    • Cheong, J.H.1    Choi, M.J.2    Jang, C.G.3    Lee, Y.S.4    Lee, S.5    Kim, H.J.6
  • 61
    • 84996488596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new designer drug buphedrone produces rewarding properties via dopamine D1 receptor activation
    • Oh JH, Hwang JY, Hong SI, Ma SX, Seo JY, Lee SY, et al. The new designer drug buphedrone produces rewarding properties via dopamine D1 receptor activation. Addict Biol (2016). doi:10.1111/adb.12472
    • (2016) Addict Biol
    • Oh, J.H.1    Hwang, J.Y.2    Hong, S.I.3    Ma, S.X.4    Seo, J.Y.5    Lee, S.Y.6
  • 62
    • 84997606038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-administration and behavioral economics of second- generation synthetic cathinones in male rats
    • Huskinson SL, Naylor JE, Townsend EA, Rowlett JK, Blough BE, Freeman KB. Self-administration and behavioral economics of second- generation synthetic cathinones in male rats. Psychopharmacology (2017) 234(4):589-98. doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4492-6
    • (2017) Psychopharmacology , vol.234 , Issue.4 , pp. 589-598
    • Huskinson, S.L.1    Naylor, J.E.2    Townsend, E.A.3    Rowlett, J.K.4    Blough, B.E.5    Freeman, K.B.6
  • 63
    • 84991247660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone, methylone and 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) induce conditioned place preference in mice
    • Karlsson L, Andersson M, Kronstrand R, Kugelberg FC. Mephedrone, methylone and 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) induce conditioned place preference in mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol (2014) 115(5):411-6. doi:10.1111/bcpt.12253
    • (2014) Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol , vol.115 , Issue.5 , pp. 411-416
    • Karlsson, L.1    Andersson, M.2    Kronstrand, R.3    Kugelberg, F.C.4
  • 64
    • 84925508408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discriminative and locomotor effects of five synthetic cathinones in rats and mice
    • Gatch MB, Rutledge MA, Forster MJ. Discriminative and locomotor effects of five synthetic cathinones in rats and mice. Psychopharmacology (2015) 232(7):1197-205. doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3755-3
    • (2015) Psychopharmacology , vol.232 , Issue.7 , pp. 1197-1205
    • Gatch, M.B.1    Rutledge, M.A.2    Forster, M.J.3
  • 65
    • 84975733498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cathinone MDPV downregulates glutamate transporter subtype I (GLT-1) and produces rewarding and locomotor-activating effects that are reduced by a GLT-1 activator
    • Gregg RA, Hicks C, Nayak SU, Tallarida CS, Nucero P, Smith GR, et al. Synthetic cathinone MDPV downregulates glutamate transporter subtype I (GLT-1) and produces rewarding and locomotor-activating effects that are reduced by a GLT-1 activator. Neuropharmacology (2016) 108:111-9. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.014
    • (2016) Neuropharmacology , vol.108 , pp. 111-119
    • Gregg, R.A.1    Hicks, C.2    Nayak, S.U.3    Tallarida, C.S.4    Nucero, P.5    Smith, G.R.6
  • 66
    • 84966393363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of 4-methylethcathinone on conditioned place preference, locomotor sensitization, and anxiety-like behavior: a comparison with methamphetamine
    • Xu P, Qiu Y, Zhang Y, Bai Y, Xu P, Liu Y, et al. The effects of 4-methylethcathinone on conditioned place preference, locomotor sensitization, and anxiety-like behavior: a comparison with methamphetamine. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol (2016) 19(4):yv120. doi:10.1093/ijnp/ pyv120
    • (2016) Int J Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 120
    • Xu, P.1    Qiu, Y.2    Zhang, Y.3    Bai, Y.4    Xu, P.5    Liu, Y.6
  • 67
    • 84938846126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)-induced taste avoidance and place preferences
    • King HE, Wakeford A, Taylor W, Wetzell B, Rice KC, Riley AL. Sex differences in 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)-induced taste avoidance and place preferences. Pharmacol Biochem Behav (2015) 137:16-22. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2015.07.013
    • (2015) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.137 , pp. 16-22
    • King, H.E.1    Wakeford, A.2    Taylor, W.3    Wetzell, B.4    Rice, K.C.5    Riley, A.L.6
  • 68
    • 84926160806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discriminative-stimulus effects of second generation synthetic cathinones in methamphetamine-trained rats
    • Naylor JE, Freeman KB, Blough BE, Woolverton WL, Huskinson SL. Discriminative-stimulus effects of second generation synthetic cathinones in methamphetamine-trained rats. Drug Alcohol Depend (2015) 149:280-4. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.002
    • (2015) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.149 , pp. 280-284
    • Naylor, J.E.1    Freeman, K.B.2    Blough, B.E.3    Woolverton, W.L.4    Huskinson, S.L.5
  • 69
    • 84941560923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative behavioral pharmacology of three pyrrolidine-containing synthetic cathinone derivatives
    • Gatch MB, Dolan SB, Forster MJ. Comparative behavioral pharmacology of three pyrrolidine-containing synthetic cathinone derivatives. J Pharmacol Exp Ther (2015) 354(2):103-10. doi:10.1124/jpet.115.223586
    • (2015) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.354 , Issue.2 , pp. 103-110
    • Gatch, M.B.1    Dolan, S.B.2    Forster, M.J.3
  • 70
    • 84867845632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excited delirium following use of synthetic cathinones (bath salts)
    • Penders TM, Gestring RE, Vilensky DA. Excited delirium following use of synthetic cathinones (bath salts). Gen Hosp Psychiatry (2012) 34(6):647-50. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.06.005
    • (2012) Gen Hosp Psychiatry , vol.34 , Issue.6 , pp. 647-650
    • Penders, T.M.1    Gestring, R.E.2    Vilensky, D.A.3
  • 71
    • 85027974899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bath salts abuse leading to new onset psychosis and potential for violence
    • John ME, Thomas-Rozea C, Hahn D. Bath salts abuse leading to new onset psychosis and potential for violence. Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses (2014) 20:1-14. doi:10.3371/CSRP.JORO.061314
    • (2014) Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses , vol.20 , pp. 1-14
    • John, M.E.1    Thomas-Rozea, C.2    Hahn, D.3
  • 72
    • 84875250918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of synthetic cathinones commonly found in bath salts in human performance and postmortem toxicology: method development, drug distribution and interpretation of results
    • Marinetti LJ, Antonides HM. Analysis of synthetic cathinones commonly found in bath salts in human performance and postmortem toxicology: method development, drug distribution and interpretation of results. J Anal Toxicol (2013) 37(3):135-46. doi:10.1093/jat/bks136
    • (2013) J Anal Toxicol , vol.37 , Issue.3 , pp. 135-146
    • Marinetti, L.J.1    Antonides, H.M.2
  • 74
    • 84867348939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cathinone exposures reported to Texas poison centers
    • Forrester MB. Synthetic cathinone exposures reported to Texas poison centers. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse (2012) 38(6):609-15. doi:10.3109/00952 990.2012.677890
    • (2012) Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 609-615
    • Forrester, M.B.1
  • 77
    • 84902544277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seizures associated with synthetic cathinone exposures in the pediatric population
    • Tekulve K, Alexander A, Tormoehlen L. Seizures associated with synthetic cathinone exposures in the pediatric population. Pediatr Neurol (2014) 51(1):67-70. doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2014.03.003
    • (2014) Pediatr Neurol , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-70
    • Tekulve, K.1    Alexander, A.2    Tormoehlen, L.3
  • 78
    • 84912031768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal withdrawal syndrome after chronic maternal consumption of 4-methylethcathinone
    • Pichini S, Rotolo MC, García J, Girona N, Leal L, García-Algar O, et al. Neonatal withdrawal syndrome after chronic maternal consumption of 4-methylethcathinone. Forensic Sci Int (2014) 245:e33-5. doi:10.1016/j. forsciint.2014.10.027
    • (2014) Forensic Sci Int , vol.245 , pp. e33-e35
    • Pichini, S.1    Rotolo, M.C.2    García, J.3    Girona, N.4    Leal, L.5    García-Algar, O.6
  • 79
    • 84981244418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I metabolites of mephedrone display biological activity as substrates at monoamine transporters
    • Mayer FP, Wimmer L, Dillon-Carter O, Partilla JS, Burchardt NV, Mihovilovic MD, et al. Phase I metabolites of mephedrone display biological activity as substrates at monoamine transporters. Br J Pharmacol (2016) 173(17):2657-68. doi:10.1111/bph.13547
    • (2016) Br J Pharmacol , vol.173 , Issue.17 , pp. 2657-2668
    • Mayer, F.P.1    Wimmer, L.2    Dillon-Carter, O.3    Partilla, J.S.4    Burchardt, N.V.5    Mihovilovic, M.D.6
  • 80
    • 85017523925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropharmacology of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), its metabolites, and related analogs
    • Baumann MH, Bukhari MO, Lehner KR, Anizan S, Rice KC, Concheiro M, et al. Neuropharmacology of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), its metabolites, and related analogs. Curr Top Behav Neurosci (2017) 32:93-117. doi:10.1007/7854_2016_53
    • (2017) Curr Top Behav Neurosci , vol.32 , pp. 93-117
    • Baumann, M.H.1    Bukhari, M.O.2    Lehner, K.R.3    Anizan, S.4    Rice, K.C.5    Concheiro, M.6
  • 81
    • 84959228187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linear pharmacokinetics of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and its metabolites in the rat: relationship to pharmacodynamic effects
    • Anizan S, Concheiro M, Lehner KR, Bukhari MO, Suzuki M, Rice KC, et al. Linear pharmacokinetics of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and its metabolites in the rat: relationship to pharmacodynamic effects. Addict Biol (2016) 21(2):339-47. doi:10.1111/adb.12201 82.
    • (2016) Addict Biol , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 339-347
  • 82
    • 84881225471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spicing things up: synthetic cannabinoids
    • Spaderna M, Addy PH, D'Souza DC. Spicing things up: synthetic cannabinoids. Psychopharmacology (2013) 228(4):525-40. doi:10.1007/ s00213-013-3188-4
    • (2013) Psychopharmacology , vol.228 , Issue.4 , pp. 525-540
    • Spaderna, M.1    Addy, P.H.2    D'Souza, D.C.3
  • 83
    • 84894041500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct pharmacology and metabolism of K2 synthetic cannabinoids compared to δ (9)-THC: mechanism underlying greater toxicity
    • Fantegrossi WE, Moran JH, Radominska-Pandya A, Prather PL. Distinct pharmacology and metabolism of K2 synthetic cannabinoids compared to δ (9)-THC: mechanism underlying greater toxicity? Life Sci (2014) 97(1):45-54. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2013.09.017
    • (2014) Life Sci , vol.97 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-54
    • Fantegrossi, W.E.1    Moran, J.H.2    Radominska-Pandya, A.3    Prather, P.L.4
  • 84
    • 77952664328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JWH018, a common constituent of 'spice' herbal blends, is a potent and efficacious cannabinoid CB receptor agonist
    • Atwood BK, Huffman J, Straiker A, Mackie K. JWH018, a common constituent of 'spice' herbal blends, is a potent and efficacious cannabinoid CB receptor agonist. Br J Pharmacol (2010) 160:585-93. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00582.x
    • (2010) Br J Pharmacol , vol.160 , pp. 585-593
    • Atwood, B.K.1    Huffman, J.2    Straiker, A.3    Mackie, K.4
  • 85
    • 79955928510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CP47,497-C8 and JWH073, commonly found in 'spice' herbal blends, are potent and efficacious CB(1) cannabinoid receptor agonists
    • Atwood BK, Lee D, Straiker A, Widlanski TS, Mackie K. CP47,497-C8 and JWH073, commonly found in 'spice' herbal blends, are potent and efficacious CB(1) cannabinoid receptor agonists. Eur J Pharmacol (2011) 659:139-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.01.066
    • (2011) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.659 , pp. 139-145
    • Atwood, B.K.1    Lee, D.2    Straiker, A.3    Widlanski, T.S.4    Mackie, K.5
  • 86
    • 21044448570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent developments in the medicinal chemistry of cannabimimetic indoles, pyrroles and indenes
    • Huffman JW, Padgett LW. Recent developments in the medicinal chemistry of cannabimimetic indoles, pyrroles and indenes. Curr Med Chem (2005) 12:1395-411. doi:10.2174/0929867054020864
    • (2005) Curr Med Chem , vol.12 , pp. 1395-1411
    • Huffman, J.W.1    Padgett, L.W.2
  • 87
    • 9644281057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure- activity relationships for 1-alkyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indoles at the cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptors: steric and electronic effects of naphthoyl substituents
    • Huffman JW, Zengin G, Wu MJ, Lu J, Hynd G, Bushell K, et al. Structure- activity relationships for 1-alkyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indoles at the cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptors: steric and electronic effects of naphthoyl substituents. New highly selective CB(2) receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem (2005) 13:89-112. doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2004.09.050
    • (2005) New highly selective CB(2) receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem , vol.13 , pp. 89-112
    • Huffman, J.W.1    Zengin, G.2    Wu, M.J.3    Lu, J.4    Hynd, G.5    Bushell, K.6
  • 89
    • 40349101686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in the development of selective ligands for the cannabinoid CB(2) receptor
    • Marriott KS, Huffman JW. Recent advances in the development of selective ligands for the cannabinoid CB(2) receptor. Curr Top Med Chem (2008) 8:187-204. doi:10.2174/156802608783498014
    • (2008) Curr Top Med Chem , vol.8 , pp. 187-204
    • Marriott, K.S.1    Huffman, J.W.2
  • 90
    • 84857393787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Zealand bans synthetic cannabinoids
    • Brown K. New Zealand bans synthetic cannabinoids. BMJ (2011) 343:d5395. doi:10.1136/bmj.d5395
    • (2011) BMJ , vol.343 , pp. d5395
    • Brown, K.1
  • 91
    • 78650752280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring of herbal mixtures potentially containing synthetic cannabinoids as psychoactive compounds
    • Dresen S, Ferreiros N, Putz M, Westphal F, Zimmermann R, Auwarter V. Monitoring of herbal mixtures potentially containing synthetic cannabinoids as psychoactive compounds. J Mass Spectrom (2010) 45:1186-94. doi:10.1002/jms.1811
    • (2010) J Mass Spectrom , vol.45 , pp. 1186-1194
    • Dresen, S.1    Ferreiros, N.2    Putz, M.3    Westphal, F.4    Zimmermann, R.5    Auwarter, V.6
  • 92
    • 79954444738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of "herbal highs" composition
    • Zuba D, Byrska B, Maciow M. Comparison of "herbal highs" composition. Anal Bioanal Chem (2011) 400:119-26. doi:10.1007/s00216-011-4743-7
    • (2011) Anal Bioanal Chem , vol.400 , pp. 119-126
    • Zuba, D.1    Byrska, B.2    Maciow, M.3
  • 93
    • 84869211772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhalation exposure to smoke from synthetic "marijuana" produces potent cannabimimetic effects in mice
    • Wiebelhaus JM, Poklis JL, Poklis A, Vann RE, Lichtman AH, Wise LE. Inhalation exposure to smoke from synthetic "marijuana" produces potent cannabimimetic effects in mice. Drug Alcohol Depend (2012) 126(3):316-23. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.05.034
    • (2012) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.126 , Issue.3 , pp. 316-323
    • Wiebelhaus, J.M.1    Poklis, J.L.2    Poklis, A.3    Vann, R.E.4    Lichtman, A.H.5    Wise, L.E.6
  • 94
    • 84901833260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo effects of synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 and JWH-073 and phytocannabinoid δ9-THC in mice: inhalation versus intraperitoneal injection
    • Marshell R, Kearney-Ramos T, Brents LK, Hyatt WS, Tai S, Prather PL, et al. In vivo effects of synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 and JWH-073 and phytocannabinoid δ9-THC in mice: inhalation versus intraperitoneal injection. Pharmacol Biochem Behav (2014) 124:40-7. doi:10.1016/j. pbb.2014.05.010
    • (2014) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.124 , pp. 40-47
    • Marshell, R.1    Kearney-Ramos, T.2    Brents, L.K.3    Hyatt, W.S.4    Tai, S.5    Prather, P.L.6
  • 95
    • 84927940122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-like discriminative stimulus effects of compounds commonly found in K2/Spice
    • Gatch MB, Forster MJ. δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-like discriminative stimulus effects of compounds commonly found in K2/Spice. Behav Pharmacol (2014) 25(8):750-7. doi:10.1097/FBP.0000000000000093
    • (2014) Behav Pharmacol , vol.25 , Issue.8 , pp. 750-757
    • Gatch, M.B.1    Forster, M.J.2
  • 96
    • 84938809767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-like effects of novel synthetic cannabinoids found on the gray market
    • Gatch MB, Forster MJ. δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-like effects of novel synthetic cannabinoids found on the gray market. Behav Pharmacol (2015) 26(5):460-8. doi:10.1097/FBP.0000000000000150
    • (2015) Behav Pharmacol , vol.26 , Issue.5 , pp. 460-468
    • Gatch, M.B.1    Forster, M.J.2
  • 97
    • 84941557174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AB-CHMINACA, AB-PINACA, and FUBIMINA: affinity and potency of novel synthetic cannabinoids in producing δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-like effects in mice
    • Wiley JL, Marusich JA, Lefever TW, Antonazzo KR, Wallgren MT, Cortes RA, et al. AB-CHMINACA, AB-PINACA, and FUBIMINA: affinity and potency of novel synthetic cannabinoids in producing δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-like effects in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther (2015) 354(3):328-39. doi:10.1124/ jpet.115.225326
    • (2015) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.354 , Issue.3 , pp. 328-339
    • Wiley, J.L.1    Marusich, J.A.2    Lefever, T.W.3    Antonazzo, K.R.4    Wallgren, M.T.5    Cortes, R.A.6
  • 98
    • 84925367850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel halogenated derivates of JWH-018: behavioral and binding studies in mice
    • Vigolo A, Ossato A, Trapella C, Vincenzi F, Rimondo C, Seri C, et al. Novel halogenated derivates of JWH-018: behavioral and binding studies in mice. Neuropharmacology (2015) 95:68-82. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm. 2015.02.008
    • (2015) Neuropharmacology , vol.95 , pp. 68-82
    • Vigolo, A.1    Ossato, A.2    Trapella, C.3    Vincenzi, F.4    Rimondo, C.5    Seri, C.6
  • 100
    • 84905247016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dependence potential of the synthetic cannabinoids JWH-073, JWH-081, and JWH-210: in vivo and in vitro approaches
    • Cha HJ, Lee KW, Song MJ, Hyeon YJ, Hwang JY, Jang CG, et al. Dependence potential of the synthetic cannabinoids JWH-073, JWH-081, and JWH-210: in vivo and in vitro approaches. Biomol Ther (Seoul) (2014) 22(4):363-9. doi:10.4062/biomolther.2014.039
    • (2014) Biomol Ther (Seoul) , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 363-369
    • Cha, H.J.1    Lee, K.W.2    Song, M.J.3    Hyeon, Y.J.4    Hwang, J.Y.5    Jang, C.G.6
  • 101
    • 85053361542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the abuse liability of synthetic cannabinoid agonists JWH- 030, JWH-175, and JWH-176
    • Tampus R, Yoon SS, de la Peña JB, Botanas CJ, Kim HJ, Seo JW, et al. Assessment of the abuse liability of synthetic cannabinoid agonists JWH- 030, JWH-175, and JWH-176. Biomol Ther (Seoul) (2015) 23(6):590-6. doi:10.4062/biomolther.2015.120
    • (2015) Biomol Ther (Seoul) , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 590-596
    • Tampus, R.1    Yoon, S.S.2    de la Peña, J.B.3    Botanas, C.J.4    Kim, H.J.5    Seo, J.W.6
  • 102
    • 84957989600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • δ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol-like effects of novel synthetic cannabinoids in mice and rats
    • Gatch MB, Forster MJ. δ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol-like effects of novel synthetic cannabinoids in mice and rats. Psychopharmacology (2016) 233(10):1901-10. doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4237-6
    • (2016) Psychopharmacology , vol.233 , Issue.10 , pp. 1901-1910
    • Gatch, M.B.1    Forster, M.J.2
  • 103
    • 85010468568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the discriminative stimulus and response rate effects of δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and synthetic cannabinoids in female and male rats
    • Wiley JL, Lefever TW, Marusich JA, Craft RM. Comparison of the discriminative stimulus and response rate effects of δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and synthetic cannabinoids in female and male rats. Drug Alcohol Depend (2017) 172:51-9. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016
    • (2017) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.172 , pp. 51-59
    • Wiley, J.L.1    Lefever, T.W.2    Marusich, J.A.3    Craft, R.M.4
  • 104
    • 84906053619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JWH-018 in rhesus monkeys: differential antagonism of discriminative stimulus, rate-decreasing, and hypothermic effects
    • Rodriguez JS, McMahon LR. JWH-018 in rhesus monkeys: differential antagonism of discriminative stimulus, rate-decreasing, and hypothermic effects. Eur J Pharmacol (2014) 740:151-9. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2014. 06.023
    • (2014) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.740 , pp. 151-159
    • Rodriguez, J.S.1    McMahon, L.R.2
  • 105
    • 85024503411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apparent affinity estimates and reversal of the effects of synthetic cannabinoids AM-2201, CP-47,497, JWH-122, and JWH-250 by rimonabant in rhesus monkeys
    • Hruba L, McMahon LR. Apparent affinity estimates and reversal of the effects of synthetic cannabinoids AM-2201, CP-47,497, JWH-122, and JWH-250 by rimonabant in rhesus monkeys. J Pharmacol Exp Ther (2017) 362(2):278-86. doi:10.1124/jpet.117.240572
    • (2017) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.362 , Issue.2 , pp. 278-286
    • Hruba, L.1    McMahon, L.R.2
  • 106
    • 84938748507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of cannabis use on the development of psychotic disorders
    • Wilkinson ST, Radhakrishnan R, D'Souza DC. Impact of cannabis use on the development of psychotic disorders. Curr Addict Rep (2014) 1(2):115-28. doi:10.1007/s40429-014-0018-7
    • (2014) Curr Addict Rep , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 115-128
    • Wilkinson, S.T.1    Radhakrishnan, R.2    D'Souza, D.C.3
  • 107
    • 84904470622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gone to pot-a review of the association between cannabis and psychosis
    • Radhakrishnan R, Wilkinson ST, D'Souza DC. Gone to pot-a review of the association between cannabis and psychosis. Front Psychiatry (2014) 5:54. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00054
    • (2014) Front Psychiatry , vol.5 , pp. 54
    • Radhakrishnan, R.1    Wilkinson, S.T.2    D'Souza, D.C.3
  • 108
    • 84924750821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The adverse health effects of synthetic cannabinoids with emphasis on psychosis-like effects
    • van Amsterdam J, Brunt T, van den Brink W. The adverse health effects of synthetic cannabinoids with emphasis on psychosis-like effects. J Psychopharmacol (2015) 29(3):254-63. doi:10.1177/0269881114565142
    • (2015) J Psychopharmacol , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 254-263
    • van Amsterdam, J.1    Brunt, T.2    van den Brink, W.3
  • 109
    • 84868122317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple mechanisms involved in the large-spectrum therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in psychiatric disorders
    • Campos AC, Moreira FA, Gomes FV, Del Bel EA, Guimarães FS. Multiple mechanisms involved in the large-spectrum therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in psychiatric disorders. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci (2012) 367:3364-78. doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0389
    • (2012) Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , vol.367 , pp. 3364-3378
    • Campos, A.C.1    Moreira, F.A.2    Gomes, F.V.3    Del Bel, E.A.4    Guimarães, F.S.5
  • 110
    • 84961828405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cannabinoids-further evidence supporting the relationship between cannabinoids and psychosis
    • Fattore L. Synthetic cannabinoids-further evidence supporting the relationship between cannabinoids and psychosis. Biol Psych (2016) 79:539-48. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.02.001
    • (2016) Biol Psych , vol.79 , pp. 539-548
    • Fattore, L.1
  • 111
    • 84905822337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of synthetic cannabinoids in patients with psychotic disorders: case series
    • Celofiga A, Koprivsek J, Klavz J. Use of synthetic cannabinoids in patients with psychotic disorders: case series. J Dual Diagn (2014) 10(3):168-73. doi:10.1080/15504263.2014.929364
    • (2014) J Dual Diagn , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 168-173
    • Celofiga, A.1    Koprivsek, J.2    Klavz, J.3
  • 112
    • 84899840122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smoking synthetic marijuana leads to self-mutilation requiring bilateral amputations
    • Meijer KA, Russo RR, Adhvaryu DV. Smoking synthetic marijuana leads to self-mutilation requiring bilateral amputations. Orthopedics (2014) 37(4):e391-4. doi:10.3928/01477447-20140401-62
    • (2014) Orthopedics , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. e391-e394
    • Meijer, K.A.1    Russo, R.R.2    Adhvaryu, D.V.3
  • 114
    • 84873547512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suicidal ideation and self-harm following K2 use
    • Thomas S, Bliss S, Malik M. Suicidal ideation and self-harm following K2 use. J Okla State Med Assoc (2012) 105(11):430-3.
    • (2012) J Okla State Med Assoc , vol.105 , Issue.11 , pp. 430-433
    • Thomas, S.1    Bliss, S.2    Malik, M.3
  • 115
    • 84923276372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis and adolescent brain development
    • Lubman DI, Cheetham A, Yücel M. Cannabis and adolescent brain development. Pharmacol Ther (2015) 148:1-16. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera. 2014.11.009
    • (2015) Pharmacol Ther , vol.148 , pp. 1-16
    • Lubman, D.I.1    Cheetham, A.2    Yücel, M.3
  • 116
    • 84930260047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thalamic and cerebellar gray matter volume reduction in synthetic cannabinoids users
    • Nurmedov S, Metin B, Ekmen S, Noyan O, Yilmaz O, Darcin A, et al. Thalamic and cerebellar gray matter volume reduction in synthetic cannabinoids users. Eur Addict Res (2015) 21(6):315-20. doi:10.1159/000430437
    • (2015) Eur Addict Res , vol.21 , Issue.6 , pp. 315-320
    • Nurmedov, S.1    Metin, B.2    Ekmen, S.3    Noyan, O.4    Yilmaz, O.5    Darcin, A.6
  • 117
    • 84886774491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of acute detoxification of the herbal blend 'spice gold' on dopamine D2/3 receptor availability: a [18F]fallypride PET study
    • Rominger A, Cumming P, Xiong G, Koller G, Förster S, Zwergal A, et al. Effects of acute detoxification of the herbal blend 'spice gold' on dopamine D2/3 receptor availability: a [18F]fallypride PET study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol (2013) 23(11):1606-10. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.01.009
    • (2013) Eur Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.23 , Issue.11 , pp. 1606-1610
    • Rominger, A.1    Cumming, P.2    Xiong, G.3    Koller, G.4    Förster, S.5    Zwergal, A.6
  • 118
    • 84886382886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood synthetic cannabinoid concentrations in cases of suspected impaired driving
    • Yeakel JK, Logan BK. Blood synthetic cannabinoid concentrations in cases of suspected impaired driving. J Anal Toxicol (2013) 37(8):547-51. doi:10.1093/ jat/bkt065
    • (2013) J Anal Toxicol , vol.37 , Issue.8 , pp. 547-551
    • Yeakel, J.K.1    Logan, B.K.2
  • 119
    • 84904560744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retrospective analysis of synthetic cannabinoids in serum samples-epidemiology and consumption patterns
    • Jaenicke NJ, Pogoda W, Paulke A, Wunder C, Toennes SW. Retrospective analysis of synthetic cannabinoids in serum samples-epidemiology and consumption patterns. Forensic Sci Int (2014) 242:81-7. doi:10.1016/j. forsciint.2014.06.010
    • (2014) Forensic Sci Int , vol.242 , pp. 81-87
    • Jaenicke, N.J.1    Pogoda, W.2    Paulke, A.3    Wunder, C.4    Toennes, S.W.5
  • 120
    • 84891827390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Driving under the influence of synthetic cannabinoids ("spice"): a case series
    • Musshoff F, Madea B, Kernbach-Wighton G, Bicker W, Kneisel S, Hutter M, et al. Driving under the influence of synthetic cannabinoids ("spice"): a case series. Int J Legal Med (2014) 128(1):59-64. doi:10.1007/ s00414-013-0864-1
    • (2014) Int J Legal Med , vol.128 , Issue.1 , pp. 59-64
    • Musshoff, F.1    Madea, B.2    Kernbach-Wighton, G.3    Bicker, W.4    Kneisel, S.5    Hutter, M.6
  • 121
    • 84942191886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of synthetic cannabinoid UR-144 on human psychomotor performance-a case report demonstrating road traffic risks
    • Adamowicz P, Lechowicz W. The influence of synthetic cannabinoid UR-144 on human psychomotor performance-a case report demonstrating road traffic risks. Traffic Inj Prev (2015) 20:1-6. doi:10.1080/15389588.2015.101 8990
    • (2015) Traffic Inj Prev , vol.20 , pp. 1-6
    • Adamowicz, P.1    Lechowicz, W.2
  • 122
    • 84886390109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of synthetic cannabinoids in blood samples from Norwegian drivers suspected of impaired driving during a seven weeks period
    • Tuv SS, Krabseth H, Karinen R, Olsen KM, Oøiestad EL, Vindenes V. Prevalence of synthetic cannabinoids in blood samples from Norwegian drivers suspected of impaired driving during a seven weeks period. Accid Anal Prev (2014) 62:26-31. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2013.09.009
    • (2014) Accid Anal Prev , vol.62 , pp. 26-31
    • Tuv, S.S.1    Krabseth, H.2    Karinen, R.3    Olsen, K.M.4    Oøiestad, E.L.5    Vindenes, V.6
  • 123
    • 84914125340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentrations of APINACA, 5F-APINACA, UR-144 and its degradant product in blood samples from six impaired drivers compared to previous reported concentrations of other synthetic cannabinoids
    • Karinen R, Tuv SS, Oøiestad EL, Vindenes V. Concentrations of APINACA, 5F-APINACA, UR-144 and its degradant product in blood samples from six impaired drivers compared to previous reported concentrations of other synthetic cannabinoids. Forensic Sci Int (2015) 246:98-103. doi:10.1016/j. forsciint.2014.11.012
    • (2015) Forensic Sci Int , vol.246 , pp. 98-103
    • Karinen, R.1    Tuv, S.S.2    Oøiestad, E.L.3    Vindenes, V.4
  • 124
    • 84936754210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cannabinoid-related illnesses and deaths
    • Trecki J, Gerona RR, Schwartz MD. Synthetic cannabinoid-related illnesses and deaths. N Engl J Med (2015) 373(2):103-7. doi:10.1056/ NEJMp1505328
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.373 , Issue.2 , pp. 103-107
    • Trecki, J.1    Gerona, R.R.2    Schwartz, M.D.3
  • 125
    • 84928467834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cannabinoids: spread, addiction biology & current perspective of personal health hazard
    • Bonnet U, Mahler H. Synthetic cannabinoids: spread, addiction biology & current perspective of personal health hazard. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr (2015) 83(4):221-31. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1399307
    • (2015) Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr , vol.83 , Issue.4 , pp. 221-231
    • Bonnet, U.1    Mahler, H.2
  • 126
    • 84937976710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case reports of synthetic cannabinoid XLR-11 associated fatalities
    • Shanks KG, Winston D, Heidingsfelder J, Behonick G. Case reports of synthetic cannabinoid XLR-11 associated fatalities. Forensic Sci Int (2015) 252:e6-9. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.04.021
    • (2015) Forensic Sci Int , vol.252 , pp. e6-e9
    • Shanks, K.G.1    Winston, D.2    Heidingsfelder, J.3    Behonick, G.4
  • 127
    • 84939196926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cannabinoid abuse in adolescents: a case series
    • Besli GE, Ikiz MA, Yildirim S, Saltik S. Synthetic cannabinoid abuse in adolescents: a case series. Emerg Med (2015) 49(5):644-50. doi:10.1016/j. jemermed.2015.06.053
    • (2015) Emerg Med , vol.49 , Issue.5 , pp. 644-650
    • Besli, G.E.1    Ikiz, M.A.2    Yildirim, S.3    Saltik, S.4
  • 128
    • 84901306947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cannabis and acute ischemic stroke
    • Bernson-Leung ME, Leung LY, Kumar S. Synthetic cannabis and acute ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis (2014) 23(5):1239-41. doi:10.1016/j. jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.07.030
    • (2014) J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.23 , Issue.5 , pp. 1239-1241
    • Bernson-Leung, M.E.1    Leung, L.Y.2    Kumar, S.3
  • 129
    • 84965086862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 'spicy' encephalopathy: synthetic cannabinoids as cause of encephalopathy and seizure
    • Louh IK, Freeman WD. A 'spicy' encephalopathy: synthetic cannabinoids as cause of encephalopathy and seizure. Crit Care (2014) 18(5):553. doi:10.1186/ s13054-014-0553-6
    • (2014) Crit Care , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 553
    • Louh, I.K.1    Freeman, W.D.2
  • 130
    • 84903155402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Crazy monkey' poisons man and dog: human and canine seizures due to PB-22, a novel synthetic cannabinoid
    • Gugelmann H, Gerona R, Li C, Tsutaoka B, Olson KR, Lung D. 'Crazy monkey' poisons man and dog: human and canine seizures due to PB-22, a novel synthetic cannabinoid. Clin Toxicol (2014) 52(6):635-8. doi:10.3109/ 15563650.2014.925562
    • (2014) Clin Toxicol , vol.52 , Issue.6 , pp. 635-638
    • Gugelmann, H.1    Gerona, R.2    Li, C.3    Tsutaoka, B.4    Olson, K.R.5    Lung, D.6
  • 131
    • 84910104462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case of acute cerebral ischemia following inhalation of a synthetic cannabinoid
    • Takematsu M, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS, Schechter JM, Moran JH, Wiener SW. A case of acute cerebral ischemia following inhalation of a synthetic cannabinoid. Clin Toxicol (2014) 52(9):973-5. doi:10.3109/ 15563650.2014.958614
    • (2014) Clin Toxicol , vol.52 , Issue.9 , pp. 973-975
    • Takematsu, M.1    Hoffman, R.S.2    Nelson, L.S.3    Schechter, J.M.4    Moran, J.H.5    Wiener, S.W.6
  • 132
    • 84926654574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular side effects related with use of synthetic cannabinoids "bonsai" two case reports
    • Atik SU, Dedeoglu R, Varol F, çam H, Eroglu AG, Saltik L. Cardiovascular side effects related with use of synthetic cannabinoids "bonsai" two case reports. Turk Pediatri Ars (2015) 50(1):61-4. doi:10.5152/tpa.2015.2609
    • (2015) Turk Pediatri Ars , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-64
    • Atik, S.U.1    Dedeoglu, R.2    Varol, F.3    Çam, H.4    Eroglu, A.G.5    Saltik, L.6
  • 133
    • 84876940425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute intoxication caused by a synthetic cannabinoid in two adolescents
    • Heath TS, Burroughs Z, Thompson AJ, Tecklenburg FW. Acute intoxication caused by a synthetic cannabinoid in two adolescents. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther (2012) 17(2):177-81. doi:10.5863/1551-6776-17.2.177
    • (2012) J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 177-181
    • Heath, T.S.1    Burroughs, Z.2    Thompson, A.J.3    Tecklenburg, F.W.4
  • 134
    • 84925817878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • K2-not the spice of life; synthetic cannabinoids and ST elevation myocardial infarction: a case report
    • McKeever RG, Vearrier D, Jacobs D, LaSala G, Okaneku J, Greenberg MI. K2-not the spice of life; synthetic cannabinoids and ST elevation myocardial infarction: a case report. J Med Toxicol (2015) 11(1):129-31. doi:10.1007/ s13181-014-0424-1
    • (2015) J Med Toxicol , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 129-131
    • McKeever, R.G.1    Vearrier, D.2    Jacobs, D.3    LaSala, G.4    Okaneku, J.5    Greenberg, M.I.6
  • 135
    • 84924791199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A unique case of cardiac arrest following K2 abuse
    • Ibrahim S, Al-Saffar F, Wannenburg T. A unique case of cardiac arrest following K2 abuse. Case Rep Cardiol (2014) 2014:120607. doi:10.1155/2014/ 120607
    • (2014) Case Rep Cardiol , vol.2014 , pp. 120607
    • Ibrahim, S.1    Al-Saffar, F.2    Wannenburg, T.3
  • 136
    • 84942195650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teenage cardiac arrest following abuse of synthetic cannabis
    • Davis C, Boddington D. Teenage cardiac arrest following abuse of synthetic cannabis. Heart Lung Circ (2015) 24(10):e162-3. doi:10.1016/j. hlc.2015.04.176
    • (2015) Heart Lung Circ , vol.24 , Issue.10 , pp. 162-163
    • Davis, C.1    Boddington, D.2
  • 137
    • 85016083451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new differential diagnosis: synthetic cannabinoids-associated acute renal failure
    • Gudsoorkar VS, Perez JA Jr. A new differential diagnosis: synthetic cannabinoids-associated acute renal failure. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J (2015) 11(3):189-91. doi:10.14797/mdcj-11-3-189
    • (2015) Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 189-191
    • Gudsoorkar, V.S.1    Perez, J.A.2
  • 138
    • 84871250328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cannabis and respiratory depression
    • Jinwala FN, Gupta M. Synthetic cannabis and respiratory depression. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol (2012) 22(6):459-62. doi:10.1089/cap.2011.0122
    • (2012) J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 459-462
    • Jinwala, F.N.1    Gupta, M.2
  • 139
    • 84878113284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High times, low sats: diffuse pulmonary infiltrates associated with chronic synthetic cannabinoid use
    • Alhadi S, Tiwari A, Vohra R, Gerona R, Acharya J, Bilello K. High times, low sats: diffuse pulmonary infiltrates associated with chronic synthetic cannabinoid use. J Med Toxicol (2013) 9(2):199-206. doi:10.1007/s13181-013-0288-9
    • (2013) J Med Toxicol , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 199-206
    • Alhadi, S.1    Tiwari, A.2    Vohra, R.3    Gerona, R.4    Acharya, J.5    Bilello, K.6
  • 140
    • 84929643011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary effects of synthetic marijuana: chest radiography and CT findings
    • Berkowitz EA, Henry TS, Veeraraghavan S, Staton GW Jr, Gal AA. Pulmonary effects of synthetic marijuana: chest radiography and CT findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol (2015) 204(4):750-7. doi:10.2214/AJR.14.13138
    • (2015) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.204 , Issue.4 , pp. 750-757
    • Berkowitz, E.A.1    Henry, T.S.2    Veeraraghavan, S.3    Staton, G.W.4    Gal, A.A.5
  • 141
    • 84884675056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome caused by synthetic cannabinoids
    • Hopkins CY, Gilchrist BL. A case of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome caused by synthetic cannabinoids. J Emerg Med (2013) 45(4):544-6. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.11.034
    • (2013) J Emerg Med , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 544-546
    • Hopkins, C.Y.1    Gilchrist, B.L.2
  • 142
    • 84936852719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A gut gone to pot: a case of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome due to K2, a synthetic cannabinoid
    • Ukaigwe A, Karmacharya P, Donato A. A gut gone to pot: a case of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome due to K2, a synthetic cannabinoid. Case Rep Emerg Med (2014) 2014:167098. doi:10.1155/2014/167098
    • (2014) Case Rep Emerg Med , vol.2014 , pp. 167098
    • Ukaigwe, A.1    Karmacharya, P.2    Donato, A.3
  • 143
    • 84887946242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The synthetic cannabinoid withdrawal syndrome
    • Nacca N, Vatti D, Sullivan R, Sud P, Su M, Marraffa J. The synthetic cannabinoid withdrawal syndrome. J Addict Med (2013) 7(4):296-8. doi:10.1097/ ADM.0b013e31828e1881
    • (2013) J Addict Med , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 296-298
    • Nacca, N.1    Vatti, D.2    Sullivan, R.3    Sud, P.4    Su, M.5    Marraffa, J.6
  • 144
    • 84924759841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cannabinoid withdrawal: a new demand on detoxification services
    • Macfarlane V, Christie G. Synthetic cannabinoid withdrawal: a new demand on detoxification services. Drug Alcohol Rev (2015) 34(2):147-53. doi:10.1111/dar.12225
    • (2015) Drug Alcohol Rev , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 147-153
    • Macfarlane, V.1    Christie, G.2
  • 145
    • 71149087736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • They're legal so they're safe, right What did the legal status of BZP party pills mean to young people in New Zealand
    • Sheridan J, Butler R. They're legal so they're safe, right? What did the legal status of BZP party pills mean to young people in New Zealand. Int J Drug Policy (2010) 21:77-81. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2009.02.002
    • (2010) Int J Drug Policy , vol.21 , pp. 77-81
    • Sheridan, J.1    Butler, R.2
  • 146
    • 84906751133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory approaches to new psychoactive substances (NPS) in the European Union
    • Hughes B, Griffith P. Regulatory approaches to new psychoactive substances (NPS) in the European Union. Addiction (2014) 108:1591-3. doi:10.1111/ add.12610
    • (2014) Addiction , vol.108 , pp. 1591-1593
    • Hughes, B.1    Griffith, P.2
  • 147
    • 84884993702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted metabolomic approach for assessing human synthetic cannabinoid exposure and pharmacology
    • Patton AL, Seely KA, Chimalakonda KC, Tran JP, Trass M, Miranda A, et al. Targeted metabolomic approach for assessing human synthetic cannabinoid exposure and pharmacology. Anal Chem (2013) 85(19):9390-9. doi:10.1021/ ac4024704
    • (2013) Anal Chem , vol.85 , Issue.19 , pp. 9390-9399
    • Patton, A.L.1    Seely, K.A.2    Chimalakonda, K.C.3    Tran, J.P.4    Trass, M.5    Miranda, A.6
  • 148
    • 85013145510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection and activity profiling of synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites with a newly developed bioassay
    • Cannaert A, Storme J, Franz F, Auwärter V, Stove CP. Detection and activity profiling of synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites with a newly developed bioassay. Anal Chem (2016) 88(23):11476-85. doi:10.1021/acs. analchem.6b02600
    • (2016) Anal Chem , vol.88 , Issue.23 , pp. 11476-11485
    • Cannaert, A.1    Storme, J.2    Franz, F.3    Auwärter, V.4    Stove, C.P.5
  • 149
    • 80855148642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schedules of controlled substances: temporary placement of three synthetic cathinones in schedule I. Final order
    • Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice. Schedules of controlled substances: temporary placement of three synthetic cathinones in schedule I. Final order. Fed Regist (2011) 76:65371-5.
    • (2011) Fed Regist , vol.76 , pp. 65371-65375
  • 150
    • 85012264671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Legal Approaches to Controlling New Psychoactive Substances
    • Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union
    • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). Legal Approaches to Controlling New Psychoactive Substances. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union (2015). ISBN: 978-92- 9168-776-3.
    • (2015)
  • 151
    • 85028302081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The recent legal approach to new psychoactive substances regulation in Israel: does it work
    • Rosca P, Bauer A, Khawaled R, Kahana E, Goldman K. The recent legal approach to new psychoactive substances regulation in Israel: does it work? J Civil Legal Sci (2015) 140:1-6. doi:10.4172/2169-0170.1000140
    • (2015) J Civil Legal Sci , vol.140 , pp. 1-6
    • Rosca, P.1    Bauer, A.2    Khawaled, R.3    Kahana, E.4    Goldman, K.5
  • 152
    • 85027932553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical first assessment of the new pre-market approval regime for the new psycho-active substances (NPS) in New Zealand
    • Wilkins C. A critical first assessment of the new pre-market approval regime for the new psycho-active substances (NPS) in New Zealand. Addiction (2014) 109:1580-6. doi:10.1111/add.12484
    • (2014) Addiction , vol.109 , pp. 1580-1586
    • Wilkins, C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.