메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue APR, 2016, Pages

Neuropharmacology of New psychoactive substances (NPS): Focus on the rewarding and reinforcing properties of cannabimimetics and amphetamine-like stimulants

Author keywords

Cannabinoids; JWH 018; Novel psychoactive substances; NPS; Psychostimulants; Spice

Indexed keywords

3 (1 NAPHTHOYL) 1 PENTYLINDOLE; 3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYAMPHETAMINE DERIVATIVE; 3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; 4 (1,1 DIMETHYLHEPTYL) 1',2',3',4',5',6' HEXAHYDRO 2,3' DIHYDROXY 6' (3 HYDROXYPROPYL)BIPHENYL; 5 (1,1 DIMETHYLHEPTYL) 2 (3 HYDROXY 7 HYDROXYMETHYLDECAHYDRO 1 NAPHTHYL)PHENOL; AMPHETAMINE; CANNABINOID; CANNABINOID 1 RECEPTOR AGONIST; CANNABINOID RECEPTOR AGONIST; CANNABIS; CATHINONE; CYCLOHEXYLAMINE DERIVATIVE; DEXANABINOL; DOPAMINE; DRONABINOL; ILLICIT DRUG; METHAMPHETAMINE; METHCATHINONE; NEW DRUG; PHENETHYLAMINE DERIVATIVE; PIPERAZINE DERIVATIVE; PSYCHOTROPIC AGENT; TRYPTAMINE DERIVATIVE;

EID: 84966425272     PISSN: 16624548     EISSN: 1662453X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00153     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (131)

References (193)
  • 1
    • 84937974683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo potency and efficacy of the novel cathinone α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone and 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone: self-administration and locomotor stimulation in male rats
    • Aarde, S. M., Creehan, K. M., Vandewater, S. A., Dickerson, T. J., and Taffe, M. A. (2015). In vivo potency and efficacy of the novel cathinone α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone and 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone: self-administration and locomotor stimulation in male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 232, 3045-3055. doi: 10.1007/s00213-015-3944-8.
    • (2015) Psychopharmacology (Berl.) , vol.232 , pp. 3045-3055
    • Aarde, S.M.1    Creehan, K.M.2    Vandewater, S.A.3    Dickerson, T.J.4    Taffe, M.A.5
  • 2
    • 84878135503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The novel recreational drug 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a potent psychomotor stimulant: self-administration and locomotor activity in rats
    • Aarde, S. M., Huang, P. K., Creehan, K. M., Dickerson, T. J., and Taffe, M. A. (2013). The novel recreational drug 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a potent psychomotor stimulant: self-administration and locomotor activity in rats. Neuropharmacology 71, 130-140. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.003.
    • (2013) Neuropharmacology , vol.71 , pp. 130-140
    • Aarde, S.M.1    Huang, P.K.2    Creehan, K.M.3    Dickerson, T.J.4    Taffe, M.A.5
  • 3
    • 84966365903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of the ACMD, 2009-Publications-GOV.UK, (Accessed October 29, 2015)
    • ACMD (Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs) (2009). Review of the ACMD, 2009-Publications-GOV.UK. Available online at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/review-of-the-acmd-2009 (Accessed October 29, 2015).
    • (2009)
  • 4
    • 84966426062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methoxetamine report, 2012-Publications-GOV.UK, (Accessed October 29, 2015)
    • ACMD (Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs) (2012). Methoxetamine report, 2012-Publications-GOV.UK. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/advisory-council-on-the-misuse-of-drugs-acmd-methoxetamine-report-2012 (Accessed October 29, 2015).
    • (2012)
  • 5
    • 84966383397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketamine: A Review of Use and Harm, London
    • ACMD (Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs) (2013). Ketamine: A Review of Use and Harm, London.
    • (2013)
  • 6
    • 84966447248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Accessed October 29, 2015)
    • ACMD (Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs) (2014). IMSD 2014/ACMD 2014. Available online at: http://imsd-acmd2014.ksme.or.kr/main/(Accessed October 29, 2015).
    • (2014) IMSD 2014/ACMD 2014
  • 7
    • 84926614433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3, 4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone prevents while methylone enhances methamphetamine-induced damage to dopamine nerve endings: β-ketoamphetamine modulation of neurotoxicity by the dopamine transporter
    • Anneken, J. H., Angoa-Pérez, M., and Kuhn, D. M. (2015). 3, 4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone prevents while methylone enhances methamphetamine-induced damage to dopamine nerve endings: β-ketoamphetamine modulation of neurotoxicity by the dopamine transporter. J. Neurochem. 133, 211-222. doi: 10.1111/jnc.13048.
    • (2015) J. Neurochem , vol.133 , pp. 211-222
    • Anneken, J.H.1    Angoa-Pérez, M.2    Kuhn, D.M.3
  • 8
    • 26044439367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral pharmacological properties of a novel cannabinoid 1', 1'-dithiolane delta8-THC analog, AMG-3
    • Antoniou, K., Galanopoulos, A., Vlachou, S., Kourouli, T., Nahmias, V., Thermos, K., et al. (2005). Behavioral pharmacological properties of a novel cannabinoid 1', 1'-dithiolane delta8-THC analog, AMG-3. Behav. Pharmacol. 16, 499-510. doi: 10.1097/00008877-200509000-00024.
    • (2005) Behav. Pharmacol , vol.16 , pp. 499-510
    • Antoniou, K.1    Galanopoulos, A.2    Vlachou, S.3    Kourouli, T.4    Nahmias, V.5    Thermos, K.6
  • 10
    • 77952664328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JWH018, a common constituent of "Spice" herbal blends, is a potent and efficacious cannabinoid CB 1 receptor agonist
    • Atwood, B. K., Huffman, J., Straiker, A., and MacKie, K. (2010). JWH018, a common constituent of "Spice" herbal blends, is a potent and efficacious cannabinoid CB 1 receptor agonist. Br. J. Pharmacol. 160, 585-593. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00582.x.
    • (2010) Br. J. Pharmacol , vol.160 , pp. 585-593
    • Atwood, B.K.1    Huffman, J.2    Straiker, A.3    MacKie, K.4
  • 11
    • 79955928510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CP47, 497-C8 and JWH073, commonly found in "Spice" herbal blends, are potent and efficacious CB(1) cannabinoid receptor agonists
    • Atwood, B. K., Lee, D., Straiker, A., Widlanski, T. S., and Mackie, K. (2011). CP47, 497-C8 and JWH073, commonly found in "Spice" herbal blends, are potent and efficacious CB(1) cannabinoid receptor agonists. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 659, 139-145. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.01.066.
    • (2011) Eur. J. Pharmacol , vol.659 , pp. 139-145
    • Atwood, B.K.1    Lee, D.2    Straiker, A.3    Widlanski, T.S.4    Mackie, K.5
  • 12
    • 44649093192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locomotor stimulation produced by 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is correlated with dialysate levels of serotonin and dopamine in rat brain
    • Baumann, M. H., Clark, R. D., and Rothman, R. B. (2008). Locomotor stimulation produced by 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is correlated with dialysate levels of serotonin and dopamine in rat brain. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 90, 208-217. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2008.02.018.
    • (2008) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav , vol.90 , pp. 208-217
    • Baumann, M.H.1    Clark, R.D.2    Rothman, R.B.3
  • 13
    • 84858335179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The designer methcathinone analogs, mephedrone and methylone, are substrates for monoamine transporters in brain tissue
    • Baumann, M. H., Ayestas, M. A. Jr., Partilla, J. S., Sink, J. R., Shulgin, A. T., Daley, P. F., et al. (2012). The designer methcathinone analogs, mephedrone and methylone, are substrates for monoamine transporters in brain tissue. Neuropsychopharmacology 37, 1192-1203. doi: 10.1038/npp.2011.304.
    • (2012) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.37 , pp. 1192-1203
    • Baumann, M.H.1    Ayestas, M.A.2    Partilla, J.S.3    Sink, J.R.4    Shulgin, A.T.5    Daley, P.F.6
  • 14
    • 84871923568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychoactive "bath salts": Not so soothing
    • Baumann, M. H., Partilla, J. S., and Lehner, K. R. (2013). Psychoactive "bath salts": Not so soothing. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 698, 1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.11.020.
    • (2013) Eur. J. Pharmacol , vol.698 , pp. 1-5
    • Baumann, M.H.1    Partilla, J.S.2    Lehner, K.R.3
  • 15
    • 84904808967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 25C-NBOMe: preliminary data on pharmacology, psychoactive effects, and toxicity of a new potent and dangerous hallucinogenic drug
    • Bersani, F. S., Corazza, O., Albano, G., Valeriani, G., Santacroce, R., Bolzan Mariotti Posocco, F., et al. (2014). 25C-NBOMe: preliminary data on pharmacology, psychoactive effects, and toxicity of a new potent and dangerous hallucinogenic drug. Biomed Res. Int. 2014:734749. doi: 10.1155/2014/734749.
    • (2014) Biomed Res. Int , vol.2014
    • Bersani, F.S.1    Corazza, O.2    Albano, G.3    Valeriani, G.4    Santacroce, R.5    Bolzan Mariotti Posocco, F.6
  • 16
    • 84939196926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cannabinoid abuse in adolescents: a case series
    • Besli, G. E., Ikiz, M. A., Yildirim, S., and Saltik, S. (2015). Synthetic cannabinoid abuse in adolescents: a case series. J. Emerg. Med. 49, 644-650. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.06.053.
    • (2015) J. Emerg. Med , vol.49 , pp. 644-650
    • Besli, G.E.1    Ikiz, M.A.2    Yildirim, S.3    Saltik, S.4
  • 17
    • 84891829217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abuse-related and abuse-limiting effects of methcathinone and the synthetic "bath salts" cathinone analogs methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), methylone and mephedrone on intracranial self-stimulation in rats
    • Bonano, J. S., Glennon, R. A., De Felice, L. J., Banks, M. L., and Negus, S. S. (2014). Abuse-related and abuse-limiting effects of methcathinone and the synthetic "bath salts" cathinone analogs methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), methylone and mephedrone on intracranial self-stimulation in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 231, 199-207. doi: 10.1007/s00213-013-3223-5.
    • (2014) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.231 , pp. 199-207
    • Bonano, J.S.1    Glennon, R.A.2    De Felice, L.J.3    Banks, M.L.4    Negus, S.S.5
  • 19
    • 84944810492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the abuse potential of AM281, a new synthetic cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist
    • Botanas, C. J., de la Peña, J. B., Dela Pena, I. J., Tampus, R., Kim, H. J., Yoon, S. S., et al. (2015). Evaluation of the abuse potential of AM281, a new synthetic cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 766, 135-141. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.10.004.
    • (2015) Eur. J. Pharmacol , vol.766 , pp. 135-141
    • Botanas, C.J.1    de la Peña, J.B.2    Dela Pena, I.J.3    Tampus, R.4    Kim, H.J.5    Yoon, S.S.6
  • 20
    • 84893220502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The K2/Spice phenomenon: emergence, identification, legislation and metabolic characterization of synthetic cannabinoids in herbal incense products
    • Brents, L. K., and Prather, P. L. (2014). The K2/Spice phenomenon: emergence, identification, legislation and metabolic characterization of synthetic cannabinoids in herbal incense products. Drug Metab. Rev. 46, 72-85. doi: 10.3109/03602532.2013.839700.
    • (2014) Drug Metab. Rev , vol.46 , pp. 72-85
    • Brents, L.K.1    Prather, P.L.2
  • 21
    • 79960003774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I hydroxylated metabolites of the K2 synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 retain in vitro and in vivo cannabinoid 1 receptor affinity and activity
    • Brents, L. K., Reichard, E. E., Zimmerman, S. M., Moran, J. H., Fantegrossi, W. E., and Prather, P. L. (2011). Phase I hydroxylated metabolites of the K2 synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 retain in vitro and in vivo cannabinoid 1 receptor affinity and activity. PLoS ONE 6:e21917. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021917.
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6
    • Brents, L.K.1    Reichard, E.E.2    Zimmerman, S.M.3    Moran, J.H.4    Fantegrossi, W.E.5    Prather, P.L.6
  • 22
    • 85027958955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of clinical manifestations in adolescent and young adults after use of synthetic cannabinoids
    • Brewer, T. L., and Collins, M. (2014). A review of clinical manifestations in adolescent and young adults after use of synthetic cannabinoids. J. Spec. Pediatr. Nurs. 19, 119-126. doi: 10.1111/jspn.12057.
    • (2014) J. Spec. Pediatr. Nurs , vol.19 , pp. 119-126
    • Brewer, T.L.1    Collins, M.2
  • 23
    • 83455205712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instability of the ecstasy market and a new kid on the block: mephedrone
    • Brunt, T. M., Poortman, A., Niesink, R. J. M., and van den Brink, W. (2011). Instability of the ecstasy market and a new kid on the block: mephedrone. J. Psychopharmacol. 25, 1543-1547. doi: 10.1177/0269881110378370.
    • (2011) J. Psychopharmacol , vol.25 , pp. 1543-1547
    • Brunt, T.M.1    Poortman, A.2    Niesink, R.J.M.3    van den Brink, W.4
  • 24
    • 84904554484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring drug markets in the Internet age and the evolution of drug monitoring systems in Australia
    • Burns, L., Roxburgh, A, Bruno, R., and Van Buskirk, J. (2014). Monitoring drug markets in the Internet age and the evolution of drug monitoring systems in Australia. Drug Test. Anal. 6, 840-845. doi: 10.1002/dta.1613.
    • (2014) Drug Test. Anal , vol.6 , pp. 840-845
    • Burns, L.1    Roxburgh, A.2    Bruno, R.3    Van Buskirk, J.4
  • 25
    • 39149131731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) in rodents to study the neurobiology of motivation
    • Carlezon, W. A. Jr., and Chartoff, E. H. (2007). Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) in rodents to study the neurobiology of motivation. Nat. Protoc. 2, 2987-2995. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2007.441.
    • (2007) Nat. Protoc , vol.2 , pp. 2987-2995
    • Carlezon, W.A.1    Chartoff, E.H.2
  • 26
    • 1642602474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral effects of cannabinoid agents in animals
    • Chaperon, F., and Thiébot, M. H. (1999). Behavioral effects of cannabinoid agents in animals. Crit. Rev. Neurobiol. 13, 243-281.
    • (1999) Crit. Rev. Neurobiol , vol.13 , pp. 243-281
    • Chaperon, F.1    Thiébot, M.H.2
  • 27
    • 0031780582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of central cannabinoid (CB1) receptors in the establishment of place conditioning in rats
    • Chaperon, F., Soubrié, P., Puech, A. J., and Thiébot, M. H. (1998). Involvement of central cannabinoid (CB1) receptors in the establishment of place conditioning in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 135, 324-332. doi: 10.1007/s002130050518.
    • (1998) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.135 , pp. 324-332
    • Chaperon, F.1    Soubrié, P.2    Puech, A.J.3    Thiébot, M.H.4
  • 28
    • 0033873630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid receptors and reward in the rat: a conditioned place preference study
    • Cheer, J. F., Kendall, D. A., and Marsden, C. A. (2000). Cannabinoid receptors and reward in the rat: a conditioned place preference study. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 151, 25-30. doi: 10.1007/s002130000481.
    • (2000) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.151 , pp. 25-30
    • Cheer, J.F.1    Kendall, D.A.2    Marsden, C.A.3
  • 29
    • 2342668029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids enhance subsecond dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of awake rats
    • Cheer, J. F., Wassum, K. M., Heien, M. L. A. V., Phillips, P. E. M., and Wightman, R. M. (2004). Cannabinoids enhance subsecond dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of awake rats. J. Neurosci. 24, 4393-4400. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0529-04.2004.
    • (2004) J. Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 4393-4400
    • Cheer, J.F.1    Wassum, K.M.2    Heien, M.L.A.V.3    Phillips, P.E.M.4    Wightman, R.M.5
  • 30
    • 0027328893 scopus 로고
    • Ventral tegmental microinjection of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol enhances ventral tegmental somatodendritic dopamine levels but not forebrain dopamine levels: evidence for local neural action by marijuana's psychoactive ingredient
    • Chen, J., Marmur, R., Pulles, A., Paredes, W., and Gardner, E. L. (1993). Ventral tegmental microinjection of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol enhances ventral tegmental somatodendritic dopamine levels but not forebrain dopamine levels: evidence for local neural action by marijuana's psychoactive ingredient. Brain Res. 621, 65-70. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(93)90298-2.
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.621 , pp. 65-70
    • Chen, J.1    Marmur, R.2    Pulles, A.3    Paredes, W.4    Gardner, E.L.5
  • 31
    • 0026592569 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological profile of a series of bicyclic cannabinoid analogs: classification as cannabimimetic agents
    • Compton, D. R., Johnson, M. R., Melvin, L. S., and Martin, B. R. (1992). Pharmacological profile of a series of bicyclic cannabinoid analogs: classification as cannabimimetic agents. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 260, 201-209.
    • (1992) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther , vol.260 , pp. 201-209
    • Compton, D.R.1    Johnson, M.R.2    Melvin, L.S.3    Martin, B.R.4
  • 32
    • 84859628524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cathinones: chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of a new class of designer drugs of abuse marketed as "bath salts" or "plant food." Toxicol
    • Coppola, M., and Mondola, R. (2012). Synthetic cathinones: chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of a new class of designer drugs of abuse marketed as "bath salts" or "plant food." Toxicol. Lett. 211, 144-149. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.03.009.
    • (2012) Lett , vol.211 , pp. 144-149
    • Coppola, M.1    Mondola, R.2
  • 33
    • 79959367083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designer drugs on the internet: a phenomenon out-of-control? the emergence ofhallucinogenic drug Bromo-Dragonfly
    • Corazza, O., Schifano, F., Farre, M., Deluca, P., Davey, Z., Torrens, M., et al. (2011). Designer drugs on the internet: a phenomenon out-of-control? the emergence ofhallucinogenic drug Bromo-Dragonfly. Curr. Clin. Pharmacol. 6, 125-129. doi: 10.2174/157488411796151129.
    • (2011) Curr. Clin. Pharmacol , vol.6 , pp. 125-129
    • Corazza, O.1    Schifano, F.2    Farre, M.3    Deluca, P.4    Davey, Z.5    Torrens, M.6
  • 34
    • 84924063221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Spice, " "kryptonite, " "black mamba": an overview of brand names and marketing strategies of novel psychoactive substances on the web
    • Corazza, O., Valeriani, G., Bersani, F. S., Corkery, J., Martinotti, G., Bersani, G., et al. (2014). "Spice, " "kryptonite, " "black mamba": an overview of brand names and marketing strategies of novel psychoactive substances on the web. J. Psychoactive Drugs 46, 287-294. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2014.944291.
    • (2014) J. Psychoactive Drugs , vol.46 , pp. 287-294
    • Corazza, O.1    Valeriani, G.2    Bersani, F.S.3    Corkery, J.4    Martinotti, G.5    Bersani, G.6
  • 35
    • 84866487818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Mephedrone-related fatalities in the United Kingdom: contextual, clinical and practicalissues, '
    • ed. L. Gallelli (Rijeka: InTech)
    • Corkery, J. M., Schifano, F., and Ghodse, A. H. (2012). "Mephedrone-related fatalities in the United Kingdom: contextual, clinical and practicalissues, " in Pharmacology, ed L. Gallelli (Rijeka: InTech), 355-380.
    • (2012) Pharmacology , pp. 355-380
    • Corkery, J.M.1    Schifano, F.2    Ghodse, A.H.3
  • 36
    • 84880796954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MDAI (5, 6-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane; 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[f][1, 3]benzodioxol-6-amine; "sparkle" "mindy") toxicity: a brief overview and update
    • Corkery, J. M., Elliott, S., Schifano, F., Corazza, O., and Ghodse, A. H. (2013). MDAI (5, 6-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane; 6, 7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[f][1, 3]benzodioxol-6-amine; "sparkle" "mindy") toxicity: a brief overview and update. Hum. Psychopharmacol. Clin. Exp. 28, 345-355. doi: 10.1002/hup.2298.
    • (2013) Hum. Psychopharmacol. Clin. Exp , vol.28 , pp. 345-355
    • Corkery, J.M.1    Elliott, S.2    Schifano, F.3    Corazza, O.4    Ghodse, A.H.5
  • 37
    • 84903820198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NPSAD Annual Report 2013. London: International Centre for Drug Policy; St. George's University of London
    • Corkery, J. M., Claridge, H., Loi, B., Goodair, C., and Schifano, F. (2014). Drug Related Deaths in the, UK. NPSAD Annual Report 2013. London: International Centre for Drug Policy; St. George's University of London.
    • (2014) Drug Related Deaths in the, UK
    • Corkery, J.M.1    Claridge, H.2    Loi, B.3    Goodair, C.4    Schifano, F.5
  • 38
    • 70949104580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimethyltryptamine and other hallucinogenic tryptamines exhibit substrate behavior at the serotonin uptake transporter and the vesicle monoamine transporter
    • Cozzi, N. V., Gopalakrishnan, A., Anderson, L. L., Feih, J. T., Shulgin, A. T., Daley, P. F., et al. (2009). Dimethyltryptamine and other hallucinogenic tryptamines exhibit substrate behavior at the serotonin uptake transporter and the vesicle monoamine transporter. J. Neural Transm. 116, 1591-1599. doi: 10.1007/s00702-009-0308-8.
    • (2009) J. Neural Transm , vol.116 , pp. 1591-1599
    • Cozzi, N.V.1    Gopalakrishnan, A.2    Anderson, L.L.3    Feih, J.T.4    Shulgin, A.T.5    Daley, P.F.6
  • 39
    • 84921850670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous self-administration of mephedrone, methylone and MDMA in female rats
    • Creehan, K. M., Vandewater, S. A., and Taffe, M. A. (2015). Intravenous self-administration of mephedrone, methylone and MDMA in female rats. Neuropharmacology 92, 90-97. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.01.003.
    • (2015) Neuropharmacology , vol.92 , pp. 90-97
    • Creehan, K.M.1    Vandewater, S.A.2    Taffe, M.A.3
  • 40
    • 84862894341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Desoxypipradrol is more potent than cocaine on evoked dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens
    • Davidson, C., and Ramsey, J. (2011). Desoxypipradrol is more potent than cocaine on evoked dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens. J. Psychopharmacol. 26, 1036-1041. doi: 10.1177/0269881111430733.
    • (2011) J. Psychopharmacol , vol.26 , pp. 1036-1041
    • Davidson, C.1    Ramsey, J.2
  • 42
    • 84943380191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of in vivo dopamine transmission and intravenous self-administration in rats and mice by JWH-018, a Spice cannabinoid
    • De Luca, M. A., Bimpisidis, Z., Melis, M., Marti, M., Caboni, P., Valentini, V., et al. (2015a). Stimulation of in vivo dopamine transmission and intravenous self-administration in rats and mice by JWH-018, a Spice cannabinoid. Neuropharmacology 99, 705-714. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.08.041.
    • (2015) Neuropharmacology , vol.99 , pp. 705-714
    • De Luca, M.A.1    Bimpisidis, Z.2    Melis, M.3    Marti, M.4    Caboni, P.5    Valentini, V.6
  • 43
    • 84862138012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid facilitation of behavioral and biochemical hedonic taste responses
    • De Luca, M. A., Solinas, M., Bimpisidis, Z., Goldberg, S. R., and Di Chiara, G. (2012). Cannabinoid facilitation of behavioral and biochemical hedonic taste responses. Neuropharmacology 63, 161-168. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.10.018.
    • (2012) Neuropharmacology , vol.63 , pp. 161-168
    • De Luca, M.A.1    Solinas, M.2    Bimpisidis, Z.3    Goldberg, S.R.4    Di Chiara, G.5
  • 44
    • 84962214785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Native CB1 receptor affinity, intrisic activity and accumbens shell dopamine stimulant properties of third generation spice/K2 cannabinoids: BB-22, 5F-PB-22, 5F-AKB-48 and STS-135
    • De Luca, M. A., Castelli, M. P., Loi, B., Porcu, A., Martorelli, M., Miliano, C., et al. (2015b). Native CB1 receptor affinity, intrisic activity and accumbens shell dopamine stimulant properties of third generation spice/K2 cannabinoids: BB-22, 5F-PB-22, 5F-AKB-48 and STS-135. Neuropharmacology. 105, 630-638. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.11.017.
    • (2015) Neuropharmacology , vol.105 , pp. 630-638
    • De Luca, M.A.1    Castelli, M.P.2    Loi, B.3    Porcu, A.4    Martorelli, M.5    Miliano, C.6
  • 45
  • 46
    • 84867015939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying emerging trends in recreational drug use; outcomes from the Psychonaut Web Mapping Project
    • Deluca, P., Davey, Z., Corazza, O., Di Furia, L., Farre, M., Flesland, L. H., et al. (2012). Identifying emerging trends in recreational drug use; outcomes from the Psychonaut Web Mapping Project. Prog. Neuro Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 39, 221-226. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.07.011.
    • (2012) Prog. Neuro Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry , vol.39 , pp. 221-226
    • Deluca, P.1    Davey, Z.2    Corazza, O.3    Di Furia, L.4    Farre, M.5    Flesland, L.H.6
  • 47
    • 84873637445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and structural elucidation of four cannabimimetic compounds (RCS-4, AM-2201, JWH-203 and JWH-210) in seized products
    • Denooz, R., Vanheugen, J.-C., Frederich, M., de Tullio, P., and Charlier, C. (2013). Identification and structural elucidation of four cannabimimetic compounds (RCS-4, AM-2201, JWH-203 and JWH-210) in seized products. J. Anal. Toxicol. 37, 56-63. doi: 10.1093/jat/bks095.
    • (2013) J. Anal. Toxicol , vol.37 , pp. 56-63
    • Denooz, R.1    Vanheugen, J.-C.2    Frederich, M.3    de Tullio, P.4    Charlier, C.5
  • 48
    • 4644273156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine and drug addiction: The nucleus accumbens shell connection
    • Di Chiara, G., Bassareo, V., Fenu, S., De Luca, M. A., Spina, L., Cadoni, C., et al. (2004). Dopamine and drug addiction: The nucleus accumbens shell connection. Neuropharmacology 47, 227-241. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.06.032.
    • (2004) Neuropharmacology , vol.47 , pp. 227-241
    • Di Chiara, G.1    Bassareo, V.2    Fenu, S.3    De Luca, M.A.4    Spina, L.5    Cadoni, C.6
  • 50
    • 84951793251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rome
    • Drug Policy Department Italian Presidency of the Council of Ministers (2013b). New Psychoactive Substances. Rome.
    • (2013) New Psychoactive Substances
  • 51
    • 84966291931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rome
    • Drug Policy Department Italian Presidency of the Council of Ministers (2014). Annual Report on Drug. Rome.
    • (2014) Annual Report on Drug
  • 52
    • 84861194647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-related modulation of event-related potentials to novel and target stimuli by intravenous delta9-THC in humans
    • D'Souza, D. C., Fridberg, D. J., Skosnik, P. D., Williams, A., Roach, B., Singh, N., et al. (2012). Dose-related modulation of event-related potentials to novel and target stimuli by intravenous delta9-THC in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 37, 1632-1646. doi: 10.1038/npp.2012.8.
    • (2012) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.37 , pp. 1632-1646
    • D'Souza, D.C.1    Fridberg, D.J.2    Skosnik, P.D.3    Williams, A.4    Roach, B.5    Singh, N.6
  • 53
    • 84906350551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Accessed November 14, 2015)
    • EMCDDA (European Drug Report) (2014). Trends and Developments. Available online at: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/edr/trends-developments/2014 (Accessed November 14, 2015).
    • (2014) Trends and Developments
  • 54
    • 77954744938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Accessed October 29, 2015)
    • EMCDDA (2009a). Annual Report on the State of the Drugs Problem in Europe. Available online at: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/annual-report/2009 (Accessed October 29, 2015).
    • (2009) Annual Report on the State of the Drugs Problem in Europe
  • 56
    • 84957968165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Accessed November 14, 2015)
    • EMCDDA (European Drug Report) (2015a). Trends and Developments. Available online at: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/edr/trends-developments/2015 (Accessed November 14, 2015).
    • (2015) Trends and Developments
  • 57
    • 84964292077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Accessed December 14, 2015)
    • EMCDDA (New psychoactive substances in Europe) (2015b). An Update from the EU Early Warning System. Available online at: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/2015/new-psychoactive-substances (Accessed December 14, 2015).
    • (2015) An Update from the EU Early Warning System
  • 58
    • 84896733364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral and neurochemical pharmacology of six psychoactive substituted phenethylamines: mouse locomotion, rat drug discrimination and in vitro receptor and transporter binding and function
    • Eshleman, A. J., Forster, M. J., Wolfrum, K. M., Johnson, R. A., Janowsky, A., and Gatch, M. B. (2014). Behavioral and neurochemical pharmacology of six psychoactive substituted phenethylamines: mouse locomotion, rat drug discrimination and in vitro receptor and transporter binding and function. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 231, 875-888. doi: 10.1007/s00213-013-3303-6.
    • (2014) Psychopharmacology (Berl.) , vol.231 , pp. 875-888
    • Eshleman, A.J.1    Forster, M.J.2    Wolfrum, K.M.3    Johnson, R.A.4    Janowsky, A.5    Gatch, M.B.6
  • 60
    • 79960313022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 and psychosis: an explorative study
    • Every-Palmer, S. (2011). Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 and psychosis: an explorative study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 117, 152-157. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.012.
    • (2011) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.117 , pp. 152-157
    • Every-Palmer, S.1
  • 61
    • 36849003934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The behavioral pharmacology of hallucinogens
    • Fantegrossi, W. E., Murnane, K. S., and Reissig, C. J. (2008). The behavioral pharmacology of hallucinogens. Biochem. Pharmacol. 75, 17-33. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.07.018.
    • (2008) Biochem. Pharmacol , vol.75 , pp. 17-33
    • Fantegrossi, W.E.1    Murnane, K.S.2    Reissig, C.J.3
  • 62
    • 84858060051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic Cathinones (Bath Salts): legal status and patterns of abuse
    • Fass, J. A., Fass, A. D., and Garcia, A. S. (2012). Synthetic Cathinones (Bath Salts): legal status and patterns of abuse. Ann. Pharmacother. 46, 436-441. doi: 10.1345/aph.1Q628.
    • (2012) Ann. Pharmacother , vol.46 , pp. 436-441
    • Fass, J.A.1    Fass, A.D.2    Garcia, A.S.3
  • 63
    • 84855507862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond THC: The new generation of cannabinoid designer drugs
    • Fattore, L., and Fratta, W. (2011). Beyond THC: The new generation of cannabinoid designer drugs. Front. Behav. Neurosci. 5:60. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00060.
    • (2011) Front. Behav. Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 60
    • Fattore, L.1    Fratta, W.2
  • 64
    • 0034941981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intravenous self-administration of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist WIN 55, 212-2 in rats
    • Fattore, L., Cossu, G., Martellotta, C. M., and Fratta, W. (2001). Intravenous self-administration of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist WIN 55, 212-2 in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 156, 410-416. doi: 10.1007/s002130100734.
    • (2001) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.156 , pp. 410-416
    • Fattore, L.1    Cossu, G.2    Martellotta, C.M.3    Fratta, W.4
  • 67
    • 84927940122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-like discriminative stimulus effects of compounds commonly found in K2/Spice
    • Gatch, M. B., and Forster, M. J. (2014). Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-like discriminative stimulus effects of compounds commonly found in K2/Spice. Behav. Pharmacol. 25, 750-757. doi: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000093.
    • (2014) Behav. Pharmacol , vol.25 , pp. 750-757
    • Gatch, M.B.1    Forster, M.J.2
  • 68
    • 84938809767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-like effects of novel synthetic cannabinoids found on the gray market
    • Gatch, M. B., and Forster, M. J. (2015). Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-like effects of novel synthetic cannabinoids found on the gray market. Behav. Pharmacol. 26, 460-468. doi: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000150.
    • (2015) Behav. Pharmacol , vol.26 , pp. 460-468
    • Gatch, M.B.1    Forster, M.J.2
  • 69
    • 67349146022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the discriminative stimulus effects of dimethyltryptamine with different classes of psychoactive compounds in rats
    • Gatch, M. B., Rutledge, M. A., Carbonaro, T., and Forster, M. J. (2009). Comparison of the discriminative stimulus effects of dimethyltryptamine with different classes of psychoactive compounds in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 204, 715-724. doi: 10.1007/s00213-009-1501-z.
    • (2009) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.204 , pp. 715-724
    • Gatch, M.B.1    Rutledge, M.A.2    Carbonaro, T.3    Forster, M.J.4
  • 70
    • 84881553576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locomotor stimulant and discriminative stimulus effects of "bath salt" cathinones
    • Gatch, M. B., Taylor, C. M., and Forster, M. J. (2013). Locomotor stimulant and discriminative stimulus effects of "bath salt" cathinones. Behav. Pharmacol. 24, 437-447. doi: 10.1097/FBP.0b013e328364166d.
    • (2013) Behav. Pharmacol , vol.24 , pp. 437-447
    • Gatch, M.B.1    Taylor, C.M.2    Forster, M.J.3
  • 71
    • 84894036953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bath salts and synthetic cathinones: an emerging designer drug phenomenon
    • German, C. L., Fleckenstein, A. E., and Hanson, G. R. (2014). Bath salts and synthetic cathinones: an emerging designer drug phenomenon. Life Sci. 97, 2-8. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.07.023.
    • (2014) Life Sci , vol.97 , pp. 2-8
    • German, C.L.1    Fleckenstein, A.E.2    Hanson, G.R.3
  • 72
    • 0031047273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid receptors in the human brain: a detailed anatomical and quantitative autoradiographic study in the fetal, neonatal and adult human brain
    • Glass, M., Dragunow, M., and Faull, R. L. (1997). Cannabinoid receptors in the human brain: a detailed anatomical and quantitative autoradiographic study in the fetal, neonatal and adult human brain. Neuroscience 77, 299-318. doi: 10.1016/S0306-4522(96)00428-9.
    • (1997) Neuroscience , vol.77 , pp. 299-318
    • Glass, M.1    Dragunow, M.2    Faull, R.L.3
  • 73
    • 84880793408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumption of new psychoactive substances in a Spanish sample of research chemical users
    • González, D., Ventura, M., Caudevilla, F., Torrens, M., and Farre, M. (2013). Consumption of new psychoactive substances in a Spanish sample of research chemical users. Hum. Psychopharmacol. 28, 332-340. doi: 10.1002/hup.2323.
    • (2013) Hum. Psychopharmacol , vol.28 , pp. 332-340
    • González, D.1    Ventura, M.2    Caudevilla, F.3    Torrens, M.4    Farre, M.5
  • 74
    • 84934282894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of cannabinoids on learning and memory processes of the dorsal striatum
    • Goodman, J., and Packard, M. G. (2015). The influence of cannabinoids on learning and memory processes of the dorsal striatum. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 125, 1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.06.008.
    • (2015) Neurobiol. Learn. Mem , vol.125 , pp. 1-14
    • Goodman, J.1    Packard, M.G.2
  • 75
    • 84920861111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereochemistry of mephedrone neuropharmacology: enantiomer-specific behavioural and neurochemical effects in rats
    • Gregg, R. A., Baumann, M. H., Partilla, J. S., Bonano, J. S., Vouga, A., Tallarida, C. S., et al. (2015). Stereochemistry of mephedrone neuropharmacology: enantiomer-specific behavioural and neurochemical effects in rats. Br. J. Pharmacol. 172, 883-894. doi: 10.1111/bph.12951.
    • (2015) Br. J. Pharmacol , vol.172 , pp. 883-894
    • Gregg, R.A.1    Baumann, M.H.2    Partilla, J.S.3    Bonano, J.S.4    Vouga, A.5    Tallarida, C.S.6
  • 76
    • 84926418395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of acute and repeated dosing of the synthetic cannabinoid CP55, 940 on intracranial self-stimulation in mice
    • Grim, T. W., Wiebelhaus, J. M., Morales, A. J., Negus, S. S., and Lichtman, A. H. (2015). Effects of acute and repeated dosing of the synthetic cannabinoid CP55, 940 on intracranial self-stimulation in mice. Drug Alcohol Depend. 150, 31-37. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.022.
    • (2015) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.150 , pp. 31-37
    • Grim, T.W.1    Wiebelhaus, J.M.2    Morales, A.J.3    Negus, S.S.4    Lichtman, A.H.5
  • 77
    • 84862768861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Spice" and "K2" Herbal Highs: a case series and systematic review of the clinical effects and biopsychosocial implications of synthetic cannabinoid use in humans
    • Gunderson, E. W., Haughey, H. M., Ait-Daoud, N., Joshi, A. S., and Hart, C. L. (2012). "Spice" and "K2" Herbal Highs: a case series and systematic review of the clinical effects and biopsychosocial implications of synthetic cannabinoid use in humans. Am. J. Addict. 21, 320-326. doi: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.00240.x.
    • (2012) Am. J. Addict , vol.21 , pp. 320-326
    • Gunderson, E.W.1    Haughey, H.M.2    Ait-Daoud, N.3    Joshi, A.S.4    Hart, C.L.5
  • 78
    • 80054789464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4-Methylmethcathinone (mephedrone): neuropharmacological effects of a designer stimulant of abuse
    • Hadlock, G. C., Webb, K. M., McFadden, L. M., Chu, P. W., Ellis, J. D., Allen, S. C., et al. (2011). 4-Methylmethcathinone (mephedrone): neuropharmacological effects of a designer stimulant of abuse. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 339, 530-536. doi: 10.1124/jpet.111.184119.
    • (2011) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther , vol.339 , pp. 530-536
    • Hadlock, G.C.1    Webb, K.M.2    McFadden, L.M.3    Chu, P.W.4    Ellis, J.D.5    Allen, S.C.6
  • 79
    • 0026019683 scopus 로고
    • Specificity in the projection patterns of accumbal core and shell in the rat
    • Heimer, L., Zahm, D. S., Churchill, L., Kalivas, P. W., and Wohltmann, C. (1991). Specificity in the projection patterns of accumbal core and shell in the rat. Neuroscience 41, 89-125. doi: 10.1016/0306-4522(91)90202-Y.
    • (1991) Neuroscience , vol.41 , pp. 89-125
    • Heimer, L.1    Zahm, D.S.2    Churchill, L.3    Kalivas, P.W.4    Wohltmann, C.5
  • 80
    • 84882365939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of novel psychoactive drug use in Sweden based on laboratory analysis-initial experiences from the STRIDA project
    • Helander, A., Beck, O., Hägerkvist, R., and Hultén, P. (2013). Identification of novel psychoactive drug use in Sweden based on laboratory analysis-initial experiences from the STRIDA project. Scand. J. Clin. Lab Invest. 73, 400-406. doi: 10.3109/00365513.2013.793817.
    • (2013) Scand. J. Clin. Lab Invest , vol.73 , pp. 400-406
    • Helander, A.1    Beck, O.2    Hägerkvist, R.3    Hultén, P.4
  • 81
    • 84899480453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of new psychoactive substance use among emergency room patients: results from the Swedish STRIDA project
    • Helander, A., Bäckberg, M., Hultén, P., Al-Saffar, Y., and Beck, O. (2014). Detection of new psychoactive substance use among emergency room patients: results from the Swedish STRIDA project. Forensic Sci. Int. 243, 23-29. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.02.022.
    • (2014) Forensic Sci. Int , vol.243 , pp. 23-29
    • Helander, A.1    Bäckberg, M.2    Hultén, P.3    Al-Saffar, Y.4    Beck, O.5
  • 82
    • 0025954862 scopus 로고
    • Characterization and localization of cannabinoid receptors in rat brain: a quantitative in vitro autoradiographic study
    • Herkenham, M., Lynn, A. B., Johnson, M. R., Melvin, L. S., de Costa, B. R., and Rice, K. C. (1991). Characterization and localization of cannabinoid receptors in rat brain: a quantitative in vitro autoradiographic study. J. Neurosci. 11, 563-583.
    • (1991) J. Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 563-583
    • Herkenham, M.1    Lynn, A.B.2    Johnson, M.R.3    Melvin, L.S.4    de Costa, B.R.5    Rice, K.C.6
  • 83
    • 84873974367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute toxicity due to the confirmed consumption of synthetic cannabinoids: clinical and laboratory findings
    • Hermanns-Clausen, M., Kneisel, S., Szabo, B., and Auwärter, V. (2013). Acute toxicity due to the confirmed consumption of synthetic cannabinoids: clinical and laboratory findings. Addiction 108, 534-544. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.04078.x.
    • (2013) Addiction , vol.108 , pp. 534-544
    • Hermanns-Clausen, M.1    Kneisel, S.2    Szabo, B.3    Auwärter, V.4
  • 84
    • 84898681766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoid signaling is critical for habit formation
    • Hilário, M. R., Clouse, E., Yin, H. H., and Costa, R. M. (2007). Endocannabinoid signaling is critical for habit formation. Front. Integr. Neurosci. 1:6. doi: 10.3389/neuro.07.006.2007.
    • (2007) Front. Integr. Neurosci , vol.1 , pp. 6
    • Hilário, M.R.1    Clouse, E.2    Yin, H.H.3    Costa, R.M.4
  • 85
    • 84899521528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects and risks associated with novel psychoactive substances: mislabeling and sale as bath salts, spice, and research chemicals
    • Hohmann, N., Mikus, G., and Czock, D. (2014). Effects and risks associated with novel psychoactive substances: mislabeling and sale as bath salts, spice, and research chemicals. Dtsch. Arztebl. Int. 111, 139-147. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2014.0139.
    • (2014) Dtsch. Arztebl. Int , vol.111 , pp. 139-147
    • Hohmann, N.1    Mikus, G.2    Czock, D.3
  • 86
    • 84921030276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring new psychoactive substances (NPS) in The Netherlands: data from the drug market and the Poisons Information Centre
    • Hondebrink, L., Nugteren-van Lonkhuyzen, J. J., Van Der Gouwe, D., and Brunt, T. M. (2015). Monitoring new psychoactive substances (NPS) in The Netherlands: data from the drug market and the Poisons Information Centre. Drug Alcohol Depend. 147, 109-115. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.11.033.
    • (2015) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.147 , pp. 109-115
    • Hondebrink, L.1    Nugteren-van Lonkhuyzen, J.J.2    Van Der Gouwe, D.3    Brunt, T.M.4
  • 87
    • 85010338458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new stimulant designer compound pentedrone exhibits rewarding properties and affects dopaminergic activity
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Hwang, J.-Y., Kim, J.-S., Oh, J.-H., Hong, S.-I., Ma, S.-X., Jung, Y.-H., et al. (2015). The new stimulant designer compound pentedrone exhibits rewarding properties and affects dopaminergic activity. Addict. Biol. doi: 10.1111/adb.12299 [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2015) Addict. Biol
    • Hwang, J.-Y.1    Kim, J.-S.2    Oh, J.-H.3    Hong, S.-I.4    Ma, S.-X.5    Jung, Y.-H.6
  • 89
    • 84872965548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical profiles of some novel psychoactive substances
    • Iversen, L., Gibbons, S., Treble, R., Setola, V., Huang, X.-P., and Roth, B. L. (2013). Neurochemical profiles of some novel psychoactive substances. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 700, 147-151. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.12.006.
    • (2013) Eur. J. Pharmacol , vol.700 , pp. 147-151
    • Iversen, L.1    Gibbons, S.2    Treble, R.3    Setola, V.4    Huang, X.-P.5    Roth, B.L.6
  • 90
    • 84908554332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designer psychostimulants: pharmacology and differences
    • Iversen, L., White, M., and Treble, R. (2014). Designer psychostimulants: pharmacology and differences. Neuropharmacology 87, 59-65. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.015.
    • (2014) Neuropharmacology , vol.87 , pp. 59-65
    • Iversen, L.1    White, M.2    Treble, R.3
  • 92
    • 2342593865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The opioid antagonist naltrexone reduces the reinforcing effects of Delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in squirrel monkeys
    • Justinova, Z., Tanda, G., Munzar, P., and Goldberg, S. R. (2004). The opioid antagonist naltrexone reduces the reinforcing effects of Delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in squirrel monkeys. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 173, 186-194. doi: 10.1007/s00213-003-1693-6.
    • (2004) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.173 , pp. 186-194
    • Justinova, Z.1    Tanda, G.2    Munzar, P.3    Goldberg, S.R.4
  • 93
    • 84929339645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cathinones: a new public health problem
    • Karila, L., Megarbane, B., Cottencin, O., and Lejoyeux, M. (2015). Synthetic cathinones: a new public health problem. Curr. Neuropharmacol. 13, 12-20. doi: 10.2174/1570159X13666141210224137.
    • (2015) Curr. Neuropharmacol , vol.13 , pp. 12-20
    • Karila, L.1    Megarbane, B.2    Cottencin, O.3    Lejoyeux, M.4
  • 94
    • 84991247660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone, Methylone and 3, 4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) induce conditioned place preference in mice
    • Karlsson, L., Andersson, M., Kronstrand, R., and Kugelberg, F. C. (2014). Mephedrone, Methylone and 3, 4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) induce conditioned place preference in mice. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 115, 411-416. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12253.
    • (2014) Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol , vol.115 , pp. 411-416
    • Karlsson, L.1    Andersson, M.2    Kronstrand, R.3    Kugelberg, F.C.4
  • 95
    • 80054792045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone, compared with MDMA (ecstasy) and amphetamine, rapidly increases both dopamine and 5-HT levels in nucleus accumbens of awake rats
    • Kehr, J., Ichinose, F., Yoshitake, S., Goiny, M., Sievertsson, T., Nyberg, F., et al. (2011). Mephedrone, compared with MDMA (ecstasy) and amphetamine, rapidly increases both dopamine and 5-HT levels in nucleus accumbens of awake rats. Br. J. Pharmacol. 164, 1949-1958. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01499.x.
    • (2011) Br. J. Pharmacol , vol.164 , pp. 1949-1958
    • Kehr, J.1    Ichinose, F.2    Yoshitake, S.3    Goiny, M.4    Sievertsson, T.5    Nyberg, F.6
  • 96
    • 79960634938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cathinone derivatives: A review of their chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology
    • Kelly, J. P. (2011). Cathinone derivatives: A review of their chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. Drug Test. Anal. 3, 439-453. doi: 10.1002/dta.313.
    • (2011) Drug Test. Anal , vol.3 , pp. 439-453
    • Kelly, J.P.1
  • 97
    • 84924914120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicology and management of novel psychoactive drugs
    • Kersten, B. P., and McLaughlin, M. E. (2015). Toxicology and management of novel psychoactive drugs. J. Pharm. Pract. 28, 50-65. doi: 10.1177/0897190014544814.
    • (2015) J. Pharm. Pract , vol.28 , pp. 50-65
    • Kersten, B.P.1    McLaughlin, M.E.2
  • 98
    • 84904412824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of New Classes of Recreational Drugs-Synthetic Cannabinoids and Cathinones
    • Khullar, V., Jain, A., and Sattari, M. (2014). Emergence of New Classes of Recreational Drugs-Synthetic Cannabinoids and Cathinones. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 29, 1200-1204. doi: 10.1007/s11606-014-2802-4.
    • (2014) J. Gen. Intern. Med , vol.29 , pp. 1200-1204
    • Khullar, V.1    Jain, A.2    Sattari, M.3
  • 99
    • 84895197642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the prevalence of new psychoactive substances before and after the introduction of the generic scheduling of synthetic cannabinoids in Japan
    • Kikura-Hanajiri, R., Kawamura, N. U. M., and Goda, Y. (2014). Changes in the prevalence of new psychoactive substances before and after the introduction of the generic scheduling of synthetic cannabinoids in Japan. Drug Test. Anal. 6, 832-839. doi: 10.1002/dta.1584.
    • (2014) Drug Test. Anal , vol.6 , pp. 832-839
    • Kikura-Hanajiri, R.1    Kawamura, N.U.M.2    Goda, Y.3
  • 100
    • 72049098472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurocircuitry of addiction
    • Koob, G. F., and Volkow, N. D. (2010). Neurocircuitry of addiction. Neuropsychopharmacology 35, 217-238. doi: 10.1038/npp.2009.110.
    • (2010) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.35 , pp. 217-238
    • Koob, G.F.1    Volkow, N.D.2
  • 101
    • 84901593842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LC-QTOF-MS as a superior strategy to immunoassay for the comprehensive analysis of synthetic cannabinoids in urine
    • Kronstrand, R., Brinkhagen, L., Birath-Karlsson, C., Roman, M., and Josefsson, M. (2014). LC-QTOF-MS as a superior strategy to immunoassay for the comprehensive analysis of synthetic cannabinoids in urine. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 406, 3599-3609. doi: 10.1007/s00216-013-7574-x.
    • (2014) Anal. Bioanal. Chem , vol.406 , pp. 3599-3609
    • Kronstrand, R.1    Brinkhagen, L.2    Birath-Karlsson, C.3    Roman, M.4    Josefsson, M.5
  • 102
    • 84867605835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociable effects of the cannabinoid receptor agonists Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and CP55940 on pain-stimulated versus pain-depressed behavior in rats
    • Kwilasz, A. J., and Negus, S. S. (2012). Dissociable effects of the cannabinoid receptor agonists Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and CP55940 on pain-stimulated versus pain-depressed behavior in rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 343, 389-400. doi: 10.1124/jpet.112.197780.
    • (2012) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther , vol.343 , pp. 389-400
    • Kwilasz, A.J.1    Negus, S.S.2
  • 103
    • 84960325099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NBOMe: new potent hallucinogens-pharmacology, analytical methods, toxicities, fatalities: a review
    • Kyriakou, C., Marinelli, E., Frati, P., Santurro, A., Afxentiou, M., Zaami, S., et al. (2015). NBOMe: new potent hallucinogens-pharmacology, analytical methods, toxicities, fatalities: a review. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 19, 3270-3281.
    • (2015) Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci , vol.19 , pp. 3270-3281
    • Kyriakou, C.1    Marinelli, E.2    Frati, P.3    Santurro, A.4    Afxentiou, M.5    Zaami, S.6
  • 104
    • 84938997090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recreational phenethylamine poisonings reported to a French poison control center
    • Le Roux, G., Bruneau, C., Lelièvre, B., Deguigne, M. B., Turcant, A., Harry, P., et al. (2015). Recreational phenethylamine poisonings reported to a French poison control center. Drug Alcohol Depend. 154, 46-53. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.048.
    • (2015) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.154 , pp. 46-53
    • Le Roux, G.1    Bruneau, C.2    Lelièvre, B.3    Deguigne, M.B.4    Turcant, A.5    Harry, P.6
  • 105
    • 33747608360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring extracellular dopamine in the rat nucleus accumbens shell and core during acquisition and maintenance of intravenous WIN 55, 212-2 self-administration
    • Lecca, D., Cacciapaglia, F., Valentini, V., and Di Chiara, G. (2006). Monitoring extracellular dopamine in the rat nucleus accumbens shell and core during acquisition and maintenance of intravenous WIN 55, 212-2 self-administration. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 188, 63-74. doi: 10.1007/s00213-006-0475-3.
    • (2006) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.188 , pp. 63-74
    • Lecca, D.1    Cacciapaglia, F.2    Valentini, V.3    Di Chiara, G.4
  • 106
    • 84920836395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel psychoactive substances (designer drugs): overview and pharmacology of modulators of monoamine signaling
    • Liechti, M. (2015). Novel psychoactive substances (designer drugs): overview and pharmacology of modulators of monoamine signaling. Swiss Med. Wkly. 145:w14043. doi: 10.4414/smw.2015.14043.
    • (2015) Swiss Med. Wkly , vol.145
    • Liechti, M.1
  • 107
    • 84867893013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone ("bath salt") elicits conditioned place preference and dopamine-sensitive motor activation
    • Lisek, R., Xu, W., Yuvasheva, E., Chiu, Y.-T., Reitz, A. B., Liu-Chen, L.-Y., et al. (2012). Mephedrone ("bath salt") elicits conditioned place preference and dopamine-sensitive motor activation. Drug Alcohol Depend. 126, 257-262. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.04.021.
    • (2012) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.126 , pp. 257-262
    • Lisek, R.1    Xu, W.2    Yuvasheva, E.3    Chiu, Y.-T.4    Reitz, A.B.5    Liu-Chen, L.-Y.6
  • 109
    • 0006541156 scopus 로고
    • Central Stimulant Actions of Alpha-Alkyl Substituted Tryptamines in Mice
    • Lessin, A. W., Long, R. F., and Parkes, M. W. (1965). Central Stimulant Actions of Alpha-Alkyl Substituted Tryptamines in Mice. Br. J. Pharmacol. Chemother. 24, 49-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1965.tb02079.x.
    • (1965) Br. J. Pharmacol. Chemother , vol.24 , pp. 49-67
    • Lessin, A.W.1    Long, R.F.2    Parkes, M.W.3
  • 110
    • 84865424242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative neuropharmacology of three psychostimulant cathinone derivatives: butylone, mephedrone and methylone
    • López-Arnau, R., Martínez-Clemente, J., Pubill, D., Escubedo, E., and Camarasa, J. (2012). Comparative neuropharmacology of three psychostimulant cathinone derivatives: butylone, mephedrone and methylone. Br. J. Pharmacol. 167, 407-420. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01998.x.
    • (2012) Br. J. Pharmacol , vol.167 , pp. 407-420
    • López-Arnau, R.1    Martínez-Clemente, J.2    Pubill, D.3    Escubedo, E.4    Camarasa, J.5
  • 111
    • 19444377564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoid release from midbrain dopamine neurons: a potential substrate for cannabinoid receptor antagonist treatment of addiction
    • Lupica, C. R., and Riegel, A. C. (2005). Endocannabinoid release from midbrain dopamine neurons: a potential substrate for cannabinoid receptor antagonist treatment of addiction. Neuropharmacology 48, 1105-1116. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.03.016.
    • (2005) Neuropharmacology , vol.48 , pp. 1105-1116
    • Lupica, C.R.1    Riegel, A.C.2
  • 112
    • 84940449784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Driving under the influence of synthetic phenethylamines: a case series
    • Maas, A., Wippich, C., Madea, B., and Hess, C. (2015). Driving under the influence of synthetic phenethylamines: a case series. Int. J. Legal Med. 129, 997-1003. doi: 10.1007/s00414-015-1150-1.
    • (2015) Int. J. Legal Med , vol.129 , pp. 997-1003
    • Maas, A.1    Wippich, C.2    Madea, B.3    Hess, C.4
  • 113
    • 84924759841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cannabinoid withdrawal: a new demand on detoxification services
    • Macfarlane, V., and Christie, G. (2015). Synthetic cannabinoid withdrawal: a new demand on detoxification services. Drug Alcohol Rev. 34, 147-153. doi: 10.1111/dar.12225.
    • (2015) Drug Alcohol Rev , vol.34 , pp. 147-153
    • Macfarlane, V.1    Christie, G.2
  • 114
    • 84901833260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo effects of synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 and JWH-073 and phytocannabinoid Δ(9)-THC in mice: inhalation versus intraperitoneal injection
    • Marshell, R., Kearney-Ramos, T., Brents, L. K., Hyatt, W. S., Tai, S., Prather, P. L., et al. (2014). In vivo effects of synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 and JWH-073 and phytocannabinoid Δ(9)-THC in mice: inhalation versus intraperitoneal injection. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 124, 40-47. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.05.010.
    • (2014) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav , vol.124 , pp. 40-47
    • Marshell, R.1    Kearney-Ramos, T.2    Brents, L.K.3    Hyatt, W.S.4    Tai, S.5    Prather, P.L.6
  • 115
    • 0032495834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-administration of the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55, 212-2 in drug-naive mice
    • Martellotta, M. C., Cossu, G., Fattore, L., Gessa, G. L., and Fratta, W. (1998). Self-administration of the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55, 212-2 in drug-naive mice. Neuroscience 85, 327-330. doi: 10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00052-9.
    • (1998) Neuroscience , vol.85 , pp. 327-330
    • Martellotta, M.C.1    Cossu, G.2    Fattore, L.3    Gessa, G.L.4    Fratta, W.5
  • 116
    • 84938056356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel psychoactive substances: use and knowledge among adolescents and young adults in urban and rural areas
    • Martinotti, G., Lupi, M., Carlucci, L., Cinosi, E., Santacroce, R., Acciavatti, T., et al. (2015). Novel psychoactive substances: use and knowledge among adolescents and young adults in urban and rural areas. Hum Psychopharmacol. 30, 295-301. doi: 10.1002/hup.2486.
    • (2015) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.30 , pp. 295-301
    • Martinotti, G.1    Lupi, M.2    Carlucci, L.3    Cinosi, E.4    Santacroce, R.5    Acciavatti, T.6
  • 117
    • 84867232376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of synthetic cathinones contained in "bath salts" on motor behavior and a functional observational battery in mice
    • Marusich, J. A., Grant, K. R., Blough, B. E., and Wiley, J. L. (2012). Effects of synthetic cathinones contained in "bath salts" on motor behavior and a functional observational battery in mice. Neurotoxicology 33, 1305-1313. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.08.003.
    • (2012) Neurotoxicology , vol.33 , pp. 1305-1313
    • Marusich, J.A.1    Grant, K.R.2    Blough, B.E.3    Wiley, J.L.4
  • 118
    • 37349043211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of the sites of 2-arachidonoylglycerol synthesis and action imply retrograde endocannabinoid signaling at both GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses in the ventral tegmental area
    • Mátyás, F., Urbán, G. M., Watanabe, M., Mackie, K., Zimmer, A., Freund, T. F., et al. (2008). Identification of the sites of 2-arachidonoylglycerol synthesis and action imply retrograde endocannabinoid signaling at both GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses in the ventral tegmental area. Neuropharmacology 54, 95-107. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.05.028.
    • (2008) Neuropharmacology , vol.54 , pp. 95-107
    • Mátyás, F.1    Urbán, G.M.2    Watanabe, M.3    Mackie, K.4    Zimmer, A.5    Freund, T.F.6
  • 119
    • 77249124285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic WIN55, 212-2 elicits sustained and conditioned increases in intracranial self-stimulation thresholds in the rat
    • Mavrikaki, M., Markaki, E., Nomikos, G. G., and Panagis, G. (2010). Chronic WIN55, 212-2 elicits sustained and conditioned increases in intracranial self-stimulation thresholds in the rat. Behav. Brain Res. 209, 114-118. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.01.024.
    • (2010) Behav. Brain Res , vol.209 , pp. 114-118
    • Mavrikaki, M.1    Markaki, E.2    Nomikos, G.G.3    Panagis, G.4
  • 120
    • 84890199692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychoactive substances-some new, some old: a scan of the situation in the U.S
    • Maxwell, J. C. (2014). Psychoactive substances-some new, some old: a scan of the situation in the U.S. Drug Alcohol Depend. 134, 71-77. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.09.011.
    • (2014) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.134 , pp. 71-77
    • Maxwell, J.C.1
  • 121
    • 84907158705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced endocannabinoid-mediated modulation of rostromedial tegmental nucleus drive onto dopamine neurons in sardinian alcohol-preferring rats
    • Melis, M., Sagheddu, C., De Felice, M., Casti, A., Madeddu, C., Spiga, S., et al. (2014). Enhanced endocannabinoid-mediated modulation of rostromedial tegmental nucleus drive onto dopamine neurons in sardinian alcohol-preferring rats. J. Neurosci. 34, 12716-12724. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1844-14.2014.
    • (2014) J. Neurosci , vol.34 , pp. 12716-12724
    • Melis, M.1    Sagheddu, C.2    De Felice, M.3    Casti, A.4    Madeddu, C.5    Spiga, S.6
  • 122
    • 33645709289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rewarding properties of 1-benzylpiperazine, a new drug of abuse, in rats
    • Meririnne, E., Kajos, M., Kankaanpää, A., and Seppälä, T. (2006). Rewarding properties of 1-benzylpiperazine, a new drug of abuse, in rats. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 98, 346-350. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_243.x.
    • (2006) Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol , vol.98 , pp. 346-350
    • Meririnne, E.1    Kajos, M.2    Kankaanpää, A.3    Seppälä, T.4
  • 123
    • 84936881568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic Cannabinoids
    • Mills, B., Yepes, A., and Nugent, K. (2015). Synthetic Cannabinoids. Am. J. Med. Sci. 350, 59-62. doi: 10.1097/MAJ.0000000000000466.
    • (2015) Am. J. Med. Sci , vol.350 , pp. 59-62
    • Mills, B.1    Yepes, A.2    Nugent, K.3
  • 125
    • 84883384731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High levels of intravenous mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone) self-administration in rats: neural consequences and comparison with methamphetamine
    • Motbey, C. P., Clemens, K. J., Apetz, N., Winstock, A. R., Ramsey, J., Li, K. M., et al. (2013). High levels of intravenous mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone) self-administration in rats: neural consequences and comparison with methamphetamine. J. Psychopharmacol. 27, 823-836. doi: 10.1177/0269881113490325.
    • (2013) J. Psychopharmacol , vol.27 , pp. 823-836
    • Motbey, C.P.1    Clemens, K.J.2    Apetz, N.3    Winstock, A.R.4    Ramsey, J.5    Li, K.M.6
  • 127
    • 84904416815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracranial self-stimulation to evaluate abuse potential of drugs
    • Negus, S. S., and Miller, L. L. (2014). Intracranial self-stimulation to evaluate abuse potential of drugs. Pharmacol. Rev. 66, 869-917. doi: 10.1124/pr.112.007419.
    • (2014) Pharmacol. Rev , vol.66 , pp. 869-917
    • Negus, S.S.1    Miller, L.L.2
  • 128
    • 84895797441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging drugs of abuse
    • Nelson, M. E., Bryant, S. M., and Aks, S. E. (2014). Emerging drugs of abuse. Dis. Mon. 60, 110-132. doi: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2014.01.001.
    • (2014) Dis. Mon , vol.60 , pp. 110-132
    • Nelson, M.E.1    Bryant, S.M.2    Aks, S.E.3
  • 129
    • 0842324481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hallucinogens
    • Nichols, D. E. (2004). Hallucinogens. Pharmacol. Ther. 101, 131-181. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.11.002.
    • (2004) Pharmacol. Ther , vol.101 , pp. 131-181
    • Nichols, D.E.1
  • 130
    • 84966447218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Accessed October 29, 2015)
    • NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse) (2012). Monitoring the Future 2012 Survey Results. Available online at: https://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/infographics/monitoring-future-2012-survey-results (Accessed October 29, 2015).
    • (2012) Monitoring the Future 2012 Survey Results
  • 131
    • 0032874368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketamine stereoselectively inhibits rat dopamine transporter
    • Nishimura, M., and Sato, K. (1999). Ketamine stereoselectively inhibits rat dopamine transporter. Neurosci. Lett. 274, 131-134. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3940(99)00688-6.
    • (1999) Neurosci. Lett , vol.274 , pp. 131-134
    • Nishimura, M.1    Sato, K.2
  • 132
    • 84961306432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of JWH-250, JWH-073 and their interaction on "tetrad, " sensorimotor, neurological and neurochemical responses in mice
    • Ossato, A., Canazza, I., Trapella, C., Vincenzi, F., De Luca, M. A., Rimondo, C., et al. (2016). Effect of JWH-250, JWH-073 and their interaction on "tetrad, " sensorimotor, neurological and neurochemical responses in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol Psychiatry. 15, 31-50. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.01.007.
    • (2016) Prog Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol Psychiatry , vol.15 , pp. 31-50
    • Ossato, A.1    Canazza, I.2    Trapella, C.3    Vincenzi, F.4    De Luca, M.A.5    Rimondo, C.6
  • 134
    • 84946489216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-reported use of novel psychoactive substances in a US nationally representative survey: Prevalence, correlates, and a call for new survey methods to prevent underreporting
    • Palamar, J. J., Martins, S. S., Su, M. K., and Ompad, D. C. (2015). Self-reported use of novel psychoactive substances in a US nationally representative survey: Prevalence, correlates, and a call for new survey methods to prevent underreporting. Drug Alcohol Depend. 156, 112-119. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.028.
    • (2015) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.156 , pp. 112-119
    • Palamar, J.J.1    Martins, S.S.2    Su, M.K.3    Ompad, D.C.4
  • 135
    • 84922470163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid regulation of brain reward processing with an emphasis on the role of CB1 receptors: a step Back into the Future
    • Panagis, G., Mackey, B., and Vlachou, S. (2014). Cannabinoid regulation of brain reward processing with an emphasis on the role of CB1 receptors: a step Back into the Future. Front. Psychiatry 5:92. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00092.
    • (2014) Front. Psychiatry , vol.5 , pp. 92
    • Panagis, G.1    Mackey, B.2    Vlachou, S.3
  • 136
    • 84880841234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Spiceophrenia": a systematic overview of "spice"-related psychopathological issues and a case report
    • Papanti, D., Schifano, F., Botteon, G., Bertossi, F., Mannix, J., Vidoni, D., et al. (2013). "Spiceophrenia": a systematic overview of "spice"-related psychopathological issues and a case report. Hum. Psychopharmacol. 28, 379-389. doi: 10.1002/hup.2312.
    • (2013) Hum. Psychopharmacol , vol.28 , pp. 379-389
    • Papanti, D.1    Schifano, F.2    Botteon, G.3    Bertossi, F.4    Mannix, J.5    Vidoni, D.6
  • 137
    • 12844253257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping brain maturation and cognitive development during adolescence
    • Paus, T. (2005). Mapping brain maturation and cognitive development during adolescence. TrendsCogn Sci. 9, 60-68. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2004.12.008.
    • (2005) TrendsCogn Sci , vol.9 , pp. 60-68
    • Paus, T.1
  • 138
    • 84857800731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The toxicology of bath salts: a review of synthetic cathinones
    • Prosser, J. M., and Nelson, L. S. (2012). The toxicology of bath salts: a review of synthetic cathinones. J. Med. Toxicol. 8, 33-42. doi: 10.1007/s13181-011-0193-z.
    • (2012) J. Med. Toxicol , vol.8 , pp. 33-42
    • Prosser, J.M.1    Nelson, L.S.2
  • 139
    • 41349083385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Research chemicals": tryptamine and phenethylamine use among high-risk youth
    • Sanders, B., Lankenau, S. E., Bloom, J. J., and Hathazi, D. (2008). "Research chemicals": tryptamine and phenethylamine use among high-risk youth. Subst. Use Misuse. 43, 389-402. doi: 10.1080/00952990701202970.
    • (2008) Subst. Use Misuse , vol.43 , pp. 389-402
    • Sanders, B.1    Lankenau, S.E.2    Bloom, J.J.3    Hathazi, D.4
  • 140
    • 84938076118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psyclones: a roller coaster of life? Hidden synthetic cannabinoids and stimulants in apparently harmless products
    • Santacroce, R., Corazza, O., Martinotti, G., Bersani, F. S., Valeriani, G., and Di Giannantonio, M. (2015). Psyclones: a roller coaster of life? Hidden synthetic cannabinoids and stimulants in apparently harmless products. Hum. Psychopharmacol. 30, 265-271. doi: 10.1002/hup.2410.
    • (2015) Hum. Psychopharmacol , vol.30 , pp. 265-271
    • Santacroce, R.1    Corazza, O.2    Martinotti, G.3    Bersani, F.S.4    Valeriani, G.5    Di Giannantonio, M.6
  • 143
    • 34250645420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smokable ("ice, " "crystal meth") and non smokable amphetamine-type stimulants: Clinical pharmacological and epidemiological issues, with special reference to the UK
    • Schifano, F., Corkery, J. M., and Cuffolo, G. (2007). Smokable ("ice, " "crystal meth") and non smokable amphetamine-type stimulants: Clinical pharmacological and epidemiological issues, with special reference to the UK. Ann. Ist Super. Sanita 43, 110-115.
    • (2007) Ann. Ist Super. Sanita , vol.43 , pp. 110-115
    • Schifano, F.1    Corkery, J.M.2    Cuffolo, G.3
  • 144
    • 75149124452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview ofamphetamine-type stimulant mortality data-UK, 1997-2007
    • Schifano, F., Corkery, J., Naidoo, V., Oyefeso, A., and Ghodse, H. (2010). Overview ofamphetamine-type stimulant mortality data-UK, 1997-2007. Neuropsychobiology 61, 122-130. doi: 10.1159/000279302.
    • (2010) Neuropsychobiology , vol.61 , pp. 122-130
    • Schifano, F.1    Corkery, J.2    Naidoo, V.3    Oyefeso, A.4    Ghodse, H.5
  • 145
    • 84865860920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suspected and confirmed fatalities associated with mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone;'meow meow') in the UK
    • Schifano, F., Corkery, J., and Ghodse, A. H. (2012). Suspected and confirmed fatalities associated with mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone;'meow meow') in the UK. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 32, 7104. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0b013e318266c70c.
    • (2012) J. Clin. Psychopharmacol , vol.32 , pp. 7104
    • Schifano, F.1    Corkery, J.2    Ghodse, A.H.3
  • 146
  • 147
    • 84941353456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reinforcing and neurochemical effects of the "bath salts" constituents 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and 3, 4-methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone (methylone) in male rats
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Schindler, C. W., Thorndike, E. B., Goldberg, S. R., Lehner, K. R., Cozzi, N. V., Brandt, S. D., et al. (2015). Reinforcing and neurochemical effects of the "bath salts" constituents 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and 3, 4-methylenedioxy-N-methylcathinone (methylone) in male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). doi: 10.1007/s00213-015-4057-0. [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2015) Psychopharmacology (Berl)
    • Schindler, C.W.1    Thorndike, E.B.2    Goldberg, S.R.3    Lehner, K.R.4    Cozzi, N.V.5    Brandt, S.D.6
  • 148
    • 79953228493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marijuana-based drugs: innovative therapeutics or designer drugs of abuse?
    • Seely, K. A., Prather, P. L., James, L. P., and Moran, J. H. (2011). Marijuana-based drugs: innovative therapeutics or designer drugs of abuse? Mol. Interv. 11, 36-51. doi: 10.1124/mi.11.1.6.
    • (2011) Mol. Interv , vol.11 , pp. 36-51
    • Seely, K.A.1    Prather, P.L.2    James, L.P.3    Moran, J.H.4
  • 149
    • 84859853678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A major glucuronidated metabolite of JWH-018 is a neutral antagonist at CB1 receptors
    • Seely, K. A., Brents, L. K., Radominska-Pandya, A., Endres, G. W., Keyes, G. S., Moran, J. H., et al. (2012). A major glucuronidated metabolite of JWH-018 is a neutral antagonist at CB1 receptors. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 39, 234-243. doi: 10.1021/tx3000472.
    • (2012) Chem. Res. Toxicol , vol.39 , pp. 234-243
    • Seely, K.A.1    Brents, L.K.2    Radominska-Pandya, A.3    Endres, G.W.4    Keyes, G.S.5    Moran, J.H.6
  • 150
    • 80052967562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic plasticity and addiction-related behavior
    • Sidhpura, N., and Parsons, L. H. (2011). Endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic plasticity and addiction-related behavior. Neuropharmacology 61, 1070-1087. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.05.034.
    • (2011) Neuropharmacology , vol.61 , pp. 1070-1087
    • Sidhpura, N.1    Parsons, L.H.2
  • 151
    • 84871531590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological characterization of designer cathinones in vitro
    • Simmler, L. D., Buser, T. A., Donzelli, M., Schramm, Y., Dieu, L.-H., Huwyler, J., et al. (2013). Pharmacological characterization of designer cathinones in vitro. Br. J. Pharmacol. 168, 458-470. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02145.x.
    • (2013) Br. J. Pharmacol , vol.168 , pp. 458-470
    • Simmler, L.D.1    Buser, T.A.2    Donzelli, M.3    Schramm, Y.4    Dieu, L.-H.5    Huwyler, J.6
  • 152
    • 84895523975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological profiles of aminoindanes, piperazines, and pipradrol derivatives
    • Simmler, L. D., Rickli, A., Schramm, Y., Hoener, M. C., and Liechti, M. E. (2014). Pharmacological profiles of aminoindanes, piperazines, and pipradrol derivatives. Biochem. Pharmacol. 88, 237-244. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.01.024.
    • (2014) Biochem. Pharmacol , vol.88 , pp. 237-244
    • Simmler, L.D.1    Rickli, A.2    Schramm, Y.3    Hoener, M.C.4    Liechti, M.E.5
  • 153
    • 84880767323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel psychoactive substances as a novel challenge for health professionals: results from an Italian survey
    • Simonato, P., Corazza, O., Santonastaso, P., Corkery, J., Deluca, P., Davey, Z., et al. (2013). Novel psychoactive substances as a novel challenge for health professionals: results from an Italian survey. Hum. Psychopharmacol. 28, 324-331. doi: 10.1002/hup.2300.
    • (2013) Hum. Psychopharmacol , vol.28 , pp. 324-331
    • Simonato, P.1    Corazza, O.2    Santonastaso, P.3    Corkery, J.4    Deluca, P.5    Davey, Z.6
  • 154
    • 84938720328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of recent developments in the analytical detection of new psychoactive substances (NPSs)
    • Smith, J. P., Sutcliffe, O. B., and Banks, C. E. (2015). An overview of recent developments in the analytical detection of new psychoactive substances (NPSs). Analyst 140, 4932-4948. doi: 10.1039/C5AN00797F.
    • (2015) Analyst , vol.140 , pp. 4932-4948
    • Smith, J.P.1    Sutcliffe, O.B.2    Banks, C.E.3
  • 155
    • 33947620063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5-Methoxy-N, N-diisopropyltryptamine (Foxy), a selective and high affinity inhibitor of serotonin transporter
    • Sogawa, C., Sogawa, N., Tagawa, J., Fujino, A., Ohyama, K., Asanuma, M., et al. (2007). 5-Methoxy-N, N-diisopropyltryptamine (Foxy), a selective and high affinity inhibitor of serotonin transporter. Toxicol. Lett. 170, 75-82. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.02.007.
    • (2007) Toxicol. Lett , vol.170 , pp. 75-82
    • Sogawa, C.1    Sogawa, N.2    Tagawa, J.3    Fujino, A.4    Ohyama, K.5    Asanuma, M.6
  • 156
    • 33947433399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using drug-discrimination techniques to study the abuse-related effects of psychoactive drugs in rats
    • Solinas, M., Panlilio, L. V., Justinova, Z., Yasar, S., and Goldberg, S. R. (2006). Using drug-discrimination techniques to study the abuse-related effects of psychoactive drugs in rats. Nat Protoc. 1, 1194-1206. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2006.167.
    • (2006) Nat Protoc , vol.1 , pp. 1194-1206
    • Solinas, M.1    Panlilio, L.V.2    Justinova, Z.3    Yasar, S.4    Goldberg, S.R.5
  • 157
    • 84881225471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spicing things up: synthetic cannabinoids
    • Spaderna, M., Addy, P. H., and D'souza, D. C. (2013). Spicing things up: synthetic cannabinoids. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 228, 525-540. doi: 10.1007/s00213-013-3188-4.
    • (2013) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.228 , pp. 525-540
    • Spaderna, M.1    Addy, P.H.2    D'souza, D.C.3
  • 158
    • 57349120622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance abuse among adolescents
    • Sussman, S., Skara, S., and Ames, S. L. (2008). Substance abuse among adolescents. Substance Use Misuse 43, 1802-1828. doi: 10.1080/10826080802297302.
    • (2008) Substance Use Misuse , vol.43 , pp. 1802-1828
    • Sussman, S.1    Skara, S.2    Ames, S.L.3
  • 159
    • 0030761521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid and heroin activation of mesolimbic dopamine transmission by a common mu1 opioid receptor mechanism
    • Tanda, G., Pontieri, F. E., and Di Chiara, G. (1997). Cannabinoid and heroin activation of mesolimbic dopamine transmission by a common mu1 opioid receptor mechanism. Science 276, 2048-2050. doi: 10.1126/science.276.5321.2048.
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 2048-2050
    • Tanda, G.1    Pontieri, F.E.2    Di Chiara, G.3
  • 160
    • 0033773866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-administration behavior is maintained by the psychoactive ingredient of marijuana in squirrel monkeys
    • Tanda, G., Munzar, P., and Goldberg, S. R. (2000). Self-administration behavior is maintained by the psychoactive ingredient of marijuana in squirrel monkeys. Nat. Neurosci. 3, 1073-1074. doi: 10.1038/80577.
    • (2000) Nat. Neurosci , vol.3 , pp. 1073-1074
    • Tanda, G.1    Munzar, P.2    Goldberg, S.R.3
  • 162
    • 84873547512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suicidal ideation and self-harm following K2 use
    • Thomas, S., Bliss, S., and Malik, M. (2012). Suicidal ideation and self-harm following K2 use. J. Okla. State Med. Assoc. 105, 430-433.
    • (2012) J. Okla. State Med. Assoc , vol.105 , pp. 430-433
    • Thomas, S.1    Bliss, S.2    Malik, M.3
  • 163
    • 84929316392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recreational use, analysis and toxicity of tryptamines
    • Tittarelli, R., Mannocchi, G., Pantano, F., and Romolo, F. S. (2015). Recreational use, analysis and toxicity of tryptamines. Curr. Neuropharmacol. 13, 26-46. doi: 10.2174/1570159X13666141210222409.
    • (2015) Curr. Neuropharmacol , vol.13 , pp. 26-46
    • Tittarelli, R.1    Mannocchi, G.2    Pantano, F.3    Romolo, F.S.4
  • 164
    • 84925367850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel halogenated derivates of JWH-018: behavioral and binding studies in mice
    • Vigolo, A., Ossato, A., Trapella, C., Vincenzi, F., Rimondo, C., Seri, C., et al. (2015). Novel halogenated derivates of JWH-018: behavioral and binding studies in mice. Neuropharmacology 95, 68-82. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.02.008.
    • (2015) Neuropharmacology , vol.95 , pp. 68-82
    • Vigolo, A.1    Ossato, A.2    Trapella, C.3    Vincenzi, F.4    Rimondo, C.5    Seri, C.6
  • 168
    • 84966321943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Challenge of Synthetic Drugs in East and South-East Asia and Oceania. Trends and Patterns of Amphetamine-type Stimulants and New Psychoactive Substances
    • Wien: Global SMART Programme
    • UNODC (2015). The Challenge of Synthetic Drugs in East and South-East Asia and Oceania. Trends and Patterns of Amphetamine-type Stimulants and New Psychoactive Substances. World Drugs Report. Wien: Global SMART Programme.
    • (2015) World Drugs Report
  • 170
    • 0033972058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A behavioural model to reveal place preference to delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in mice
    • Valjent, E., and Maldonado, R. (2000). A behavioural model to reveal place preference to delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in mice. Psychopharmacology 147, 436-438. doi: 10.1007/s002130050013.
    • (2000) Psychopharmacology , vol.147 , pp. 436-438
    • Valjent, E.1    Maldonado, R.2
  • 171
    • 84924750821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The adverse health effects of synthetic cannabinoids with emphasis on psychosis-like effects
    • Van Amsterdam, J., Brunt, T., and van den Brink, W. (2015). The adverse health effects of synthetic cannabinoids with emphasis on psychosis-like effects. J. Psychopharmacol. 29, 254-263. doi: 10.1177/0269881114565142.
    • (2015) J. Psychopharmacol , vol.29 , pp. 254-263
    • Van Amsterdam, J.1    Brunt, T.2    van den Brink, W.3
  • 172
    • 17644374740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CB1 cannabinoid receptor agonists increase intracranial self-stimulation thresholds in the rat
    • Vlachou, S., Nomikos, G. G., and Panagis, G. (2005). CB1 cannabinoid receptor agonists increase intracranial self-stimulation thresholds in the rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 179, 498-508. doi: 10.1007/s00213-004-2050-0.
    • (2005) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.179 , pp. 498-508
    • Vlachou, S.1    Nomikos, G.G.2    Panagis, G.3
  • 173
    • 34250016283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of evidence for appetitive effects of Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the intracranial self-stimulation and conditioned place preference procedures in rodents
    • Vlachou, S., Nomikos, G. G., Stephens, D. N., and Panagis, G. (2007). Lack of evidence for appetitive effects of Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the intracranial self-stimulation and conditioned place preference procedures in rodents. Behav. Pharmacol. 18, 311-319. doi: 10.1097/FBP.0b013e3282186cf2.
    • (2007) Behav. Pharmacol , vol.18 , pp. 311-319
    • Vlachou, S.1    Nomikos, G.G.2    Stephens, D.N.3    Panagis, G.4
  • 174
    • 84920976560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The addicted human brain: insights from imaging studies
    • Volkow, N. D., Fowler, J. S., and Wang, G.-J. (2003). The addicted human brain: insights from imaging studies. J. Clin. Invest. 111, 1444-1451. doi: 10.1172/JCI18533.
    • (2003) J. Clin. Invest , vol.111 , pp. 1444-1451
    • Volkow, N.D.1    Fowler, J.S.2    Wang, G.-J.3
  • 176
    • 0242669964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferential limbic expression of the cannabinoid receptor mRNA in the human fetal brain
    • Wang, X., Dow-Edwards, D., Keller, E., and Hurd, Y. L. (2003). Preferential limbic expression of the cannabinoid receptor mRNA in the human fetal brain. Neuroscience 118, 681-694.
    • (2003) Neuroscience , vol.118 , pp. 681-694
    • Wang, X.1    Dow-Edwards, D.2    Keller, E.3    Hurd, Y.L.4
  • 177
    • 84892618610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The reinforcing and rewarding effects of methylone, a synthetic cathinone commonly found in "Bath Salts."
    • Watterson, L. R., Hood, L., Sewalia, K., Tomek, S. E., Yahn, S., Johnson, C. T., et al. (2012). The reinforcing and rewarding effects of methylone, a synthetic cathinone commonly found in "Bath Salts." J. Addict. Res. Ther. pii (Suppl. 9):002. doi: 10.4172/2155-6105.S9-002.
    • (2012) J. Addict. Res. Ther. pii , pp. 002
    • Watterson, L.R.1    Hood, L.2    Sewalia, K.3    Tomek, S.E.4    Yahn, S.5    Johnson, C.T.6
  • 178
    • 84894430078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potent rewarding and reinforcing effects of the synthetic cathinone 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)
    • Watterson, L. R., Kufahl, P. R., Nemirovsky, N. E., Sewalia, K., Grabenauer, M., Thomas, B. F., et al. (2014). Potent rewarding and reinforcing effects of the synthetic cathinone 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). Addict. Biol. 19, 165-174. doi: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00474.x.
    • (2014) Addict. Biol , vol.19 , pp. 165-174
    • Watterson, L.R.1    Kufahl, P.R.2    Nemirovsky, N.E.3    Sewalia, K.4    Grabenauer, M.5    Thomas, B.F.6
  • 179
    • 79952653377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The "new" marijuana
    • Wells, D. L., and Ott, C. A. (2011). The "new" marijuana. Ann. Pharmacother. 45, 414-417. doi: 10.1345/aph.1P580.
    • (2011) Ann. Pharmacother , vol.45 , pp. 414-417
    • Wells, D.L.1    Ott, C.A.2
  • 180
    • 84955485140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New psychoactive substances
    • Welter-Luedeke, J., and Maurer, H. H. (2015). New psychoactive substances. Ther. Drug Monit. 38, 4-11. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000000240.
    • (2015) Ther. Drug Monit , vol.38 , pp. 4-11
    • Welter-Luedeke, J.1    Maurer, H.H.2
  • 181
    • 84966276738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speed, Ecstasy, Ritalin: the science of amphetamines
    • Whelpton, R. (2007). Speed, Ecstasy, Ritalin: the science of amphetamines. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 63, 763-763. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02818.x.
    • (2007) Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol , vol.63 , pp. 763-763
    • Whelpton, R.1
  • 182
    • 1642540078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A2 (N-benzylpiperazine) a new drug of abuse in Sweden
    • Wikström, M., Holmgren, P., and Ahlner, J. (2004). A2 (N-benzylpiperazine) a new drug of abuse in Sweden. J. Anal. Toxicol. 28, 67-70. doi: 10.1093/jat/28.1.67.
    • (2004) J. Anal. Toxicol , vol.28 , pp. 67-70
    • Wikström, M.1    Holmgren, P.2    Ahlner, J.3
  • 183
    • 84861225909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-Pentyl-3-phenylacetylindoles and JWH-018 share in vivo cannabinoid profiles in mice
    • Wiley, J. L., Marusich, J. A., Martin, B. R., and Huffman, J. W. (2012). 1-Pentyl-3-phenylacetylindoles and JWH-018 share in vivo cannabinoid profiles in mice. Drug Alcohol Depend. 123, 148-153. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.11.001.
    • (2012) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.123 , pp. 148-153
    • Wiley, J.L.1    Marusich, J.A.2    Martin, B.R.3    Huffman, J.W.4
  • 184
    • 84894039860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moving around the molecule: relationship between chemical structure and in vivo activity of synthetic cannabinoids
    • Wiley, J. L., Marusich, J. A., and Huffman, J. W. (2014). Moving around the molecule: relationship between chemical structure and in vivo activity of synthetic cannabinoids. Life Sci. 97, 55-63. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.09.011.
    • (2014) Life Sci , vol.97 , pp. 55-63
    • Wiley, J.L.1    Marusich, J.A.2    Huffman, J.W.3
  • 185
    • 84880778742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 12-month prevalence and nature of adverse experiences resulting in emergency medical presentations associated with the use of synthetic cannabinoid products
    • Winstock, A. R., and Barratt, M. J. (2013). The 12-month prevalence and nature of adverse experiences resulting in emergency medical presentations associated with the use of synthetic cannabinoid products. Hum. Psychopharmacol. Clin. Exp. 28, 390-393. doi: 10.1002/hup.2292.
    • (2013) Hum. Psychopharmacol. Clin. Exp , vol.28 , pp. 390-393
    • Winstock, A.R.1    Barratt, M.J.2
  • 186
    • 77949423346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Disorders relating to the use of ecstasy, other 'party drugs' and khat, "
    • eds M. Gelder, N. Andreasen, J. J. Lopez-Ibor, and J. Geddes (Oxford: Oxford University Press)
    • Winstock, A., and Schifano, F. (2009). "Disorders relating to the use of ecstasy, other 'party drugs' and khat, " in New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry eds M. Gelder, N. Andreasen, J. J. Lopez-Ibor, and J. Geddes (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 494-502.
    • (2009) New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry , pp. 494-502
    • Winstock, A.1    Schifano, F.2
  • 189
    • 84922981774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of use and acute toxicity associated with the use of NBOMe drugs
    • Wood, D. M., Sedefov, R., Cunningham, A., and Dargan, P. I. (2015). Prevalence of use and acute toxicity associated with the use of NBOMe drugs. Clin. Toxicol. 53, 85-92. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1004179.
    • (2015) Clin. Toxicol , vol.53 , pp. 85-92
    • Wood, D.M.1    Sedefov, R.2    Cunningham, A.3    Dargan, P.I.4
  • 190
    • 84865640924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ambient temperature on the thermoregulatory and locomotor stimulant effects of 4-methylmethcathinone in wistar and sprague-dawley rats
    • Wright, M. J. Jr., Angrish, D., Aarde, S. M., Barlow, D. J., Buczynski, M. W., Creehan, K. M., et al. (2012). Effect of ambient temperature on the thermoregulatory and locomotor stimulant effects of 4-methylmethcathinone in wistar and sprague-dawley rats. PLoS ONE 7:e44652. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044652.
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7
    • Wright, M.J.1    Angrish, D.2    Aarde, S.M.3    Barlow, D.J.4    Buczynski, M.W.5    Creehan, K.M.6
  • 191
    • 0026793125 scopus 로고
    • On the significance of subterritories in the "accumbens" part of the rat ventral striatum
    • Zahm, D. S., and Brog, J. S. (1992). On the significance of subterritories in the "accumbens" part of the rat ventral striatum. Neuroscience 50, 751-767. doi: 10.1016/0306-4522(92)90202-D.
    • (1992) Neuroscience , vol.50 , pp. 751-767
    • Zahm, D.S.1    Brog, J.S.2
  • 192
    • 84943354956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Legal Highs"-An Emerging Epidemic of Novel Psychoactive Substances
    • Zawilska, J. B. (2015). "Legal Highs"-An Emerging Epidemic of Novel Psychoactive Substances. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 120, 273-300. doi: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.02.009.
    • (2015) Int. Rev. Neurobiol , vol.120 , pp. 273-300
    • Zawilska, J.B.1
  • 193
    • 70349117752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Withdrawal phenomena and dependence syndrome after the consumption of "spice gold." Dtsch
    • Zimmermann, U. S., Winkelmann, P. R., Pilhatsch, M., Nees, J. A., Spanagel, R., and Schulz, K. (2009). Withdrawal phenomena and dependence syndrome after the consumption of "spice gold." Dtsch. Arztebl. Int. 106, 464-467. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2009.0464.
    • (2009) Arztebl. Int , vol.106 , pp. 464-467
    • Zimmermann, U.S.1    Winkelmann, P.R.2    Pilhatsch, M.3    Nees, J.A.4    Spanagel, R.5    Schulz, K.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.