Inhalation exposure to smoke from synthetic "marijuana" produces potent cannabimimetic effects in mice

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

Volumn 126, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 316-323

  Wiebelhaus, Jason M ^a   Poklis, Justin L ^a   Poklis, Alphonse ^a   Vann, Robert E ^a   Lichtman, Aron H ^a   Wise, Laura E ^a  

^a VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cannabinoid; Herbal incense products; Inhalation; JWH 018; Marijuana; Tetrad

Indexed keywords

3 (1 NAPHTHOYL) 1 PENTYLINDOLE; CANNABINOID 1 RECEPTOR; CANNABINOID DERIVATIVE; CANNABIS; PLACEBO; RIMONABANT; TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL;

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANTINOCICEPTION; ARTICLE; BODY MOVEMENT; BRAIN; CANNABIMIMETIC EFFECT; CATALEPSY; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG POTENCY; DRUG TISSUE LEVEL; HEART; HYPOMOTILITY; HYPOTHERMIA; KIDNEY; LIVER; LUNG; MALE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; NOSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SMOKE; SPLEEN;

ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; BODY TEMPERATURE; CANNABINOIDS; CATALEPSY; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; INDOLES; INHALATION EXPOSURE; MALE; MICE; MICE, INBRED C57BL; MOTOR ACTIVITY; NAPHTHALENES; NOCICEPTION; STREET DRUGS;

CANNABIS SATIVA; MUS;

EID: 84869211772     PISSN: 03768716     EISSN: 18790046     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.05.034     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Aceto M.D., Scates S.M., Razdan R.K., Martin B.R. Anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid, has a very low physical dependence potential. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1998, 287:598-605.
2. Atwood B.K., Huffman J., Straiker A., Mackie K. JWH018, a common constituent of 'Spice' herbal blends, is a potent and efficacious cannabinoid CB receptor agonist. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2010, 160:585-593.
3. Auwarter V., Dresen S., Weinmann W., Muller M., Putz M., Ferreiros N. 'Spice' and other herbal blends: harmless incense or cannabinoid designer drugs?. J. Mass Spectrom. 2009, 44:832-837.
4. Brents L.K., Reichard E.E., Zimmerman S.M., Moran J.H., Fantegrossi W.E., Prather P.L. Phase I hydroxylated metabolites of the K2 synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 retain in vitro and in vivo cannabinoid 1 receptor affinity and activity. PloS One 2011, 6:e21917.
5. Coulter C., Garnier M., Moore C. Synthetic cannabinoids in oral fluid. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2011, 35:424-430.
6. Cutler M.G., Mackintosh J.H. Effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on social behaviour in the laboratory mouse and rat. Psychopharmacologia 1975, 44:287-289.
7. D'Amour F.E., Smith D.L. A method for determining loss of pain sensation. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1941, 72:74-79.
8. Dresen S., Kneisel S., Weinmann W., Zimmermann R., Auwarter V. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitation of synthetic cannabinoids of the aminoalkylindole type and methanandamide in serum and its application to forensic samples. J. Mass Spectrom. 2011, 46:163-171.
9. ElSohly M.A., Gul W., Elsohly K.M., Murphy T.P., Madgula V.L., Khan S.I. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of urine specimens for K2 (JWH-018) metabolites. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2011, 35:487-495.
10. Elsohly M.A., Slade D. Chemical constituents of marijuana: the complex mixture of natural cannabinoids. Life Sci. 2005, 78:539-548.
11. Every-Palmer S. Warning: legal synthetic cannabinoid-receptor agonists such as JWH-018 may precipitate psychosis in vulnerable individuals. Addiction 2010, 105:1859-1860.
12. Every-Palmer S. Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 and psychosis: an explorative study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011, 117:152-157.
13. Ginsburg B.C., Schulze D.R., Hruba L., McMahon L.R. JWH-018 and JWH-073: delta-9-THC like discriminative stimulus effects in monkeys. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2011, 340:37-45.
14. Huffman J.W., Dai D., Martin B.R., Compton D.R. Design, synthesis and pharmacology of cannabimimetic indoles. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1994, 4:563-566.
15. imzonged.com, 2009 (accessed 03.01.09).
16. Jacob J.J., Ramabadran K., Campos-Medeiros M. A pharmacological analysis of levonantradol antinociception in mice. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1981, 21:327S-333S.
17. Jarbe T.U., Deng H., Vadivel S.K., Makriyannis A. Cannabinergic aminoalkylindoles, including AM678=JWH018 found in 'Spice', examined using drug (Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol) discrimination for rats. Behav. Pharmacol. 2011, 22:498-507.
18. Jarbe T.U., LeMay B.J., Vemuri V.K., Vadivel S.K., Zvonok A., Makriyannis A. Central mediation and differential blockade by cannabinergics of the discriminative stimulus effects of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 2011, 216:355-365.
19. Jarbe T.U., Tai S., Lemay B.J., Nikas S.P., Shukla V.G., Zvonok A., Makriyannis A. AM2389, a high-affinity, in vivo potent CB(1)-receptor-selective cannabinergic ligand as evidenced by drug discrimination in rats and hypothermia testing in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 2012, 220:417-426.
20. Lapoint J., James L.P., Moran C.L., Nelson L.S., Hoffman R.S., Moran J.H. Severe toxicity following synthetic cannabinoid ingestion. Clin. Toxicol. 2011, 49:760-764.
21. Leonhart M.M. Schedules of controlled substances: temporary placement of five synthetic cannabinoids into schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act, 12201 2011, Federal Register, Washington, DC, pp. 11075-11078.
22. Lichtman A.H., Poklis J.L., Poklis A., Wilson D.M., Martin B.R. The pharmacological activity of inhalation exposure to marijuana smoke in mice. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2001, 63:107-116.
23. Long J.Z., Li W., Booker L., Burston J.J., Kinsey S.G., Schlosburg J.E., Pavon F.J., Serrano A.M., Selley D.E., Parsons L.H., Lichtman A.H., Cravatt B.F. Selective blockade of 2-arachidonoylglycerol hydrolysis produces cannabinoid behavioral effects. Nat. Chem. Biol. 2009, 5:37-44.
24. Martin B.R., Compton D.R., Thomas B.F., Prescott W.R., Little P.J., Razdan R.K., Johnson M.R., Melvin L.S., Mechoulam R., Ward S.J. Behavioral, biochemical, and molecular modeling evaluations of cannabinoid analogs. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1991, 40:471-478.
25. Muller H., Huttner H.B., Kohrmann M., Wielopolski J.E., Kornhuber J., Sperling W. Panic attack after spice abuse in a patient with ADHD. Pharmacopsychiatry 2010, 43:152-153.
26. Muller H., Sperling W., Kohrmann M., Huttner H.B., Kornhuber J., Maler J.M. The synthetic cannabinoid Spice as a trigger for an acute exacerbation of cannabis induced recurrent psychotic episodes. Schizophr. Res. 2010, 118:309-310.
27. Patel S., Hillard C.J. Cannabinoid CB(1) receptor agonists produce cerebellar dysfunction in mice. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2001, 297:629-637.
28. Patrick M.E., Schulenberg J.E., O'Malley P.M., Johnston L.D., Bachman J.G. Adolescents' reported reasons for alcohol and marijuana use as predictors of substance use and problems in adulthood. J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs 2011, 72:106-116.
29. Penn H.J., Langman L.J., Unold D., Shields J., Nichols J.H. Detection of synthetic cannabinoids in herbal incense products. Clin. Biochem. 2011, 44:1163-1165.
30. Pertwee R.G. The ring test: a quantitative method for assessing the 'cataleptic' effect of cannabis in mice. Br. J. Pharmacol. 1972, 46:753-763.
31. Phillips J. Changing Flavor of 'Spice' 2011, Washington Post, Katharine Weymouth, Washington, DC.
32. Poklis J.L., Amira D., Wise L.E., Wiebelhaus J.M., Haggerty B.J., Lichtman A.H., Poklis A. Determination of naphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone (JWH-018) in mouse blood and tissue after inhalation exposure to 'buzz' smoke by HPLC/MS/MS. Biomed. Chromatogr. 2012, Epub ahead of print. 10.1002/bmc.2710.
33. Poklis J.L., Amira D., Wise L.E., Wiebelhaus J.M., Haggerty B.J., Poklis A. Detection and disposition of JWH-018 and JWH-073 in mice after exposure to "Magic Gold" smoke. Forensic Sci. Int. 2012, Epub ahead of print. 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.02.003.
34. Poklis J.L., Thompson C.C., Long K.A., Lichtman A.H., Poklis A. Disposition of cannabichromene, cannabidiol, and Delta-tetrahydrocannabinol and its metabolites in mouse brain following marijuana inhalation determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2010, 34:516-520.
35. Schneir A.B., Cullen J., Ly B.T. "Spice" girls: synthetic cannabinoid intoxication. J. Emerg. Med. 2011, 40:296-299.
36. Simmons J., Cookman L., Kang C., Skinner C. Three cases of "spice" exposure. Clin. Toxicol. 2011, 49:431-433.
37. Vardakou I., Pistos C., Spiliopoulou C. Spice drugs as a new trend: mode of action, identification and legislation. Toxicol. Lett. 2010, 197:157-162.
38. Varvel S.A., Bridgen D.T., Tao Q., Thomas B.F., Martin B.R., Lichtman A.H. Delta9-tetrahydrocannbinol accounts for the antinociceptive, hypothermic, and cataleptic effects of marijuana in mice. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2005, 314:329-337.
39. Vearrier D., Osterhoudt K.C. A teenager with agitation: higher than she should have climbed. Pediatr. Emerg. Care 2010, 26:462-465.
40. Wiley J.L., Compton D.R., Dai D., Lainton J.A., Phillips M., Huffman J.W., Martin B.R. Structure-activity relationships of indole- and pyrrole-derived cannabinoids. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1998, 285:995-1004.
41. Wiley J.L., Marusich J.A., Martin B.R., Huffman J.W. 1-Pentyl-3-phenylacetylindoles and JWH-018 share in vivo cannabinoid profiles in mice. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011, 123:148-153.
42. Wilson D.M., Varvel S.A., Harloe J.P., Martin B.R., Lichtman A.H. SR 141716 (Rimonabant) precipitates withdrawal in marijuana-dependent mice. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2006, 85:105-113.
43. Young A.C., Schwarz E., Medina G., Obafemi A., Feng S.Y., Kane C., Kleinschmidt K. Cardiotoxicity associated with the synthetic cannabinoid, K9, with laboratory confirmation. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 2011, 10.1016/j.ajem.2011.05.013.
44. Zimmermann U.S., Winkelmann P.R., Pilhatsch M., Nees J.A., Spanagel R., Schulz K. Withdrawal phenomena and dependence syndrome after the consumption of "spice gold". Dtsch. Arztebl. Int. 2009, 106:464-467.