메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 231, Issue 1-3, 2013, Pages 42-53

Designer cathinones-An emerging class of novel recreational drugs

Author keywords

Bath salts; Cathinones; Mephedrone; Methylenedioxypyrovalerone; Novel psychoactive drugs

Indexed keywords

4' METHYLMETHCATHINONE; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; CATHINONE; DIAZEPAM; DROPERIDOL; FENTANYL; HALOPERIDOL; LABETALOL; LORAZEPAM; METHCATHINONE; METHYLONE; MIDAZOLAM; NORPSEUDOEPHEDRINE; PERPHENAZINE; PHENYTOIN; PROMETHAZINE; PROPOFOL; PYROVALERONE; RECREATIONAL DRUG; RISPERIDONE;

EID: 84878890238     PISSN: 03790738     EISSN: 18726283     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.04.015     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (156)

References (134)
  • 1
    • 84872488954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Legal highs' an inappropriate term for 'novel psychoactive drugs' in drug prevention and scientific debate
    • Corazza O., Demetrovics Z., van den Brink W., Schifano F. 'Legal highs' an inappropriate term for 'novel psychoactive drugs' in drug prevention and scientific debate. Int. J. Drug Policy 2013, 24:82-83.
    • (2013) Int. J. Drug Policy , vol.24 , pp. 82-83
    • Corazza, O.1    Demetrovics, Z.2    van den Brink, W.3    Schifano, F.4
  • 2
    • 85168043046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Synthetic cathinones, (retrieved 2.10.12).
    • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Synthetic cathinones, (retrieved 2.10.12). http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/drug-profiles/synthetic-cathinones.
  • 3
    • 85168043834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, EU drug market report, a strategic analysis, (retrieved 23.02.13).
    • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, EU drug market report, a strategic analysis, (retrieved 23.02.13). http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/joint-publications/drug-markets.
  • 4
    • 84855858697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent acute kidney injury following bath salts intoxication
    • Adebamiro A., Perazella M.A. Recurrent acute kidney injury following bath salts intoxication. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 2012, 59:273-275.
    • (2012) Am. J. Kidney Dis. , vol.59 , pp. 273-275
    • Adebamiro, A.1    Perazella, M.A.2
  • 5
    • 84868370846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bath salts: not as harmless as they sound
    • McGraw M., McGraw L. Bath salts: not as harmless as they sound. J. Emerg. Nurs. 2012, 39:582-588.
    • (2012) J. Emerg. Nurs. , vol.39 , pp. 582-588
    • McGraw, M.1    McGraw, L.2
  • 6
    • 84879012209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and co-existence of active components of 'legal highs'
    • Zuba D., Byrska B. Prevalence and co-existence of active components of 'legal highs'. Drug Test. Anal. 2012, 10.1002/dta.1365.
    • (2012) Drug Test. Anal.
    • Zuba, D.1    Byrska, B.2
  • 7
    • 84865146744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A chemical analysis examining the pharmacology of novel psychoactive substances freely available over the Internet and their impact on public (ill)health. Legal highs or illegal highs?
    • (pii: e000977)
    • Ayres T.C., Bond J.W. A chemical analysis examining the pharmacology of novel psychoactive substances freely available over the Internet and their impact on public (ill)health. Legal highs or illegal highs?. BMJ Open 2012, 2. (pii: e000977).
    • (2012) BMJ Open , vol.2
    • Ayres, T.C.1    Bond, J.W.2
  • 8
    • 77956642096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyses of second-generation 'legal highs' in the UK: initial findings
    • Brandt S.D., Sumnall H.R., Measham F., Cole J. Analyses of second-generation 'legal highs' in the UK: initial findings. Drug Test. Anal. 2010, 2:377-382.
    • (2010) Drug Test. Anal. , vol.2 , pp. 377-382
    • Brandt, S.D.1    Sumnall, H.R.2    Measham, F.3    Cole, J.4
  • 10
    • 85168048533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drugs Addiction, The state of the drugs problem in Europe, Annual Report 2010, pp. 91-95, (retrieved 15.4.11).
    • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drugs Addiction, The state of the drugs problem in Europe, Annual Report 2010, pp. 91-95, (retrieved 15.4.11). http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_120104_EN_EMCDDA_AR2010_EN.pdf.
  • 12
    • 79551628856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Legal highs" on the net-Evaluation of UK-based Websites, products and product information
    • Schmidt M.M., Sharma A., Schifano F., Feinmann C. "Legal highs" on the net-Evaluation of UK-based Websites, products and product information. Forensic Sci. Int. 2010, 206:92-97.
    • (2010) Forensic Sci. Int. , vol.206 , pp. 92-97
    • Schmidt, M.M.1    Sharma, A.2    Schifano, F.3    Feinmann, C.4
  • 13
    • 79551630789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs for youth via Internet and the example of mephedrone
    • Vardakou I., Pistos C., Spiliopoulou Ch. Drugs for youth via Internet and the example of mephedrone. Toxicol. Lett. 2011, 201:191-195.
    • (2011) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.201 , pp. 191-195
    • Vardakou, I.1    Pistos, C.2    Spiliopoulou, C.3
  • 14
    • 79958809443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs, the Internet and change
    • Walsh C. Drugs, the Internet and change. J. Psychoactive Drugs 2011, 43:55-63.
    • (2011) J. Psychoactive Drugs , vol.43 , pp. 55-63
    • Walsh, C.1
  • 16
    • 77950362496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What should be done about mephedrone?
    • Winstock A.R., Marsden J., Mitcheson L. What should be done about mephedrone?. BMJ 2010, 340:c1605.
    • (2010) BMJ , vol.340
    • Winstock, A.R.1    Marsden, J.2    Mitcheson, L.3
  • 17
    • 79960589944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Legal highs'-new players in the old drama
    • Zawilska J.B. 'Legal highs'-new players in the old drama. Curr. Drug Abuse Rev. 2011, 4:122-130.
    • (2011) Curr. Drug Abuse Rev. , vol.4 , pp. 122-130
    • Zawilska, J.B.1
  • 18
    • 80053383779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of NRG "Legal highs" in the UK: identification and formation of novel cathinones
    • Brandt S.D., Freeman S., Sumnall H.R., Measham F., Cole J. Analysis of NRG "Legal highs" in the UK: identification and formation of novel cathinones. Drug Test. Anal. 2011, 3:569-575.
    • (2011) Drug Test. Anal. , vol.3 , pp. 569-575
    • Brandt, S.D.1    Freeman, S.2    Sumnall, H.R.3    Measham, F.4    Cole, J.5
  • 19
    • 79951517620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naphyrone: analytical profile of the new "legal high" substitute for mephedrone
    • De Paoli G., Maskell P.D., Pounder D.J. Naphyrone: analytical profile of the new "legal high" substitute for mephedrone. J. Forensic Legal Med. 2011, 18:93.
    • (2011) J. Forensic Legal Med. , vol.18 , pp. 93
    • De Paoli, G.1    Maskell, P.D.2    Pounder, D.J.3
  • 20
    • 81855175325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ivory wave: the next mephedrone
    • Durham M. Ivory wave: the next mephedrone. Emerg. Med. J. 2011, 28:1059-1060.
    • (2011) Emerg. Med. J. , vol.28 , pp. 1059-1060
    • Durham, M.1
  • 21
    • 67651023725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass and NMR spectroscopic characterization of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone: a designer drug with alpha-pyrrolidinophenone structure
    • Westphal F., Junge T., Rosner P., Sonnichsen F., Schuster F. Mass and NMR spectroscopic characterization of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone: a designer drug with alpha-pyrrolidinophenone structure. Forensic Sci. Int. 2009, 190:1-8.
    • (2009) Forensic Sci. Int. , vol.190 , pp. 1-8
    • Westphal, F.1    Junge, T.2    Rosner, P.3    Sonnichsen, F.4    Schuster, F.5
  • 22
    • 53249151936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of designer drugs detected in the products purchased in fiscal year 2006
    • (in Japanese)
    • Uchiyama N., Kikura-Hanajiri R., Kawahara N., Goda Y. Analysis of designer drugs detected in the products purchased in fiscal year 2006. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2008, 128:1499-1505. (in Japanese).
    • (2008) Yakugaku Zasshi. , vol.128 , pp. 1499-1505
    • Uchiyama, N.1    Kikura-Hanajiri, R.2    Kawahara, N.3    Goda, Y.4
  • 23
    • 79952738736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survey of current trends in the abuse of psychotropic substances and plants in Japan
    • Kikura-Hanajiri R., Uchiyama N., Goda Y. Survey of current trends in the abuse of psychotropic substances and plants in Japan. Leg. Med. 2011, 13:109-115.
    • (2011) Leg. Med. , vol.13 , pp. 109-115
    • Kikura-Hanajiri, R.1    Uchiyama, N.2    Goda, Y.3
  • 24
    • 85168042262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EMCDDA, Europol 2011 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA, (retrieved 6.12.12)
    • EMCDDA, Europol 2011 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA, (retrieved 6.12.12). http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/implementation-reports/2011.
  • 27
    • 0025636291 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological properties of the stimulant khat
    • Kalix P. Pharmacological properties of the stimulant khat. Pharmacol. Ther. 1990, 48:397-416.
    • (1990) Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.48 , pp. 397-416
    • Kalix, P.1
  • 28
    • 27944488385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential adverse effects of habitual use of Catha edulis (khat)
    • Al-Habori M. The potential adverse effects of habitual use of Catha edulis (khat). Expert Opin. Drug Saf. 2005, 4:1145-1154.
    • (2005) Expert Opin. Drug Saf. , vol.4 , pp. 1145-1154
    • Al-Habori, M.1
  • 30
    • 79958807981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Khat use is associated with impaired working memory and cognitive flexibility
    • Colzato L.S., Ruiz M.J., van den Wildenberg W.P., Hommel B. Khat use is associated with impaired working memory and cognitive flexibility. PLoS ONE 2011, 6:e20602.
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6
    • Colzato, L.S.1    Ruiz, M.J.2    van den Wildenberg, W.P.3    Hommel, B.4
  • 31
    • 77953869937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of 'legal high' mephedrone
    • Gibbons S., Zloh M. An analysis of 'legal high' mephedrone. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2010, 20:4135-4139.
    • (2010) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.20 , pp. 4135-4139
    • Gibbons, S.1    Zloh, M.2
  • 33
    • 80855148642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schedules of controlled substances: temporary placement of three synthetic cathinones into Schedule I
    • Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration
    • Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration Schedules of controlled substances: temporary placement of three synthetic cathinones into Schedule I. Fed. Regist. 2011, 76:65371-65375.
    • (2011) Fed. Regist. , vol.76 , pp. 65371-65375
  • 34
    • 84875250918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of synthetic cathinones commonly found in bath salts in human performance and postmortem toxicology: method development, drug distribution and interpretation of results
    • Marinetti L.J., Antonides H.M. Analysis of synthetic cathinones commonly found in bath salts in human performance and postmortem toxicology: method development, drug distribution and interpretation of results. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2013, 10.1093/bks136.
    • (2013) J. Anal. Toxicol.
    • Marinetti, L.J.1    Antonides, H.M.2
  • 35
    • 80051712042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical experience with analytic confirmation of "bath salts" and "legal highs" (synthetic cathinones) in the United States
    • Spiller H.A., Ryan M.L., Weston R.G., Jansen J. Clinical experience with analytic confirmation of "bath salts" and "legal highs" (synthetic cathinones) in the United States. Clin. Toxicol. (Phila.) 2011, 49:499-505.
    • (2011) Clin. Toxicol. (Phila.) , vol.49 , pp. 499-505
    • Spiller, H.A.1    Ryan, M.L.2    Weston, R.G.3    Jansen, J.4
  • 36
    • 79959534958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New designer drug of abuse: 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). Findings from apprehended drivers in Finland
    • Kriikku P., Wilhelm L., Schwarz O., Rintatalo J. New designer drug of abuse: 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). Findings from apprehended drivers in Finland. Forensic Sci. Int. 2011, 210:195-200.
    • (2011) Forensic Sci. Int. , vol.210 , pp. 195-200
    • Kriikku, P.1    Wilhelm, L.2    Schwarz, O.3    Rintatalo, J.4
  • 37
    • 79953040907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiences with mephedrone pre- and post-legislative control: perceptions of safety and sources of supply
    • McElrath K., O'Neill C. Experiences with mephedrone pre- and post-legislative control: perceptions of safety and sources of supply. Int. J. Drug Policy 2011, 22:120-127.
    • (2011) Int. J. Drug Policy , vol.22 , pp. 120-127
    • McElrath, K.1    O'Neill, C.2
  • 38
    • 85168040530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Report on the risk assessment of mephedrone in the framework of the Council Decision on new psychoactive substances, (retrieved 8.11.12).
    • European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Report on the risk assessment of mephedrone in the framework of the Council Decision on new psychoactive substances, (retrieved 8.11.12). http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_116646_EN_TDAK11001ENC_WEB-OPTIMISED%20FILE.pdf.
  • 39
    • 84873633522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone (methylmethcathinone) in toxicology casework: a Northern Ireland perspective
    • Cosbey S.H., Peters K.L., Quinn A., Bentley A. Mephedrone (methylmethcathinone) in toxicology casework: a Northern Ireland perspective. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2013, 10.1093/jat/bsk094.
    • (2013) J. Anal. Toxicol.
    • Cosbey, S.H.1    Peters, K.L.2    Quinn, A.3    Bentley, A.4
  • 40
    • 78649371984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone use and associated adverse effects in school and college/university students before the UK legislation change
    • Dargan P.I., Albert S., Wood D.M. Mephedrone use and associated adverse effects in school and college/university students before the UK legislation change. QJM 2010, 103:875-879.
    • (2010) QJM , vol.103 , pp. 875-879
    • Dargan, P.I.1    Albert, S.2    Wood, D.M.3
  • 41
    • 79960626573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacology and toxicology of the synthetic cathinone mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone)
    • Dargan P.I., Sedefov R., Gallegos A., Wood D.M. The pharmacology and toxicology of the synthetic cathinone mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone). Drug Test. Anal. 2011, 3:454-463.
    • (2011) Drug Test. Anal. , vol.3 , pp. 454-463
    • Dargan, P.I.1    Sedefov, R.2    Gallegos, A.3    Wood, D.M.4
  • 43
    • 79959994980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone use among same-sex attracted young people in Sydney, Australia
    • Lea T., Reynolds R., De Wit J. Mephedrone use among same-sex attracted young people in Sydney, Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2011, 30:338-340.
    • (2011) Drug Alcohol Rev. , vol.30 , pp. 338-340
    • Lea, T.1    Reynolds, R.2    De Wit, J.3
  • 44
    • 83455205712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instability of the ecstasy market and a new kid on the block: mephedrone
    • Brunt T.M., Poortman A., Niesink R.J., van den Brink W. Instability of the ecstasy market and a new kid on the block: mephedrone. J. Psychopharmacol. 2011, 25:1543-1547.
    • (2011) J. Psychopharmacol. , vol.25 , pp. 1543-1547
    • Brunt, T.M.1    Poortman, A.2    Niesink, R.J.3    van den Brink, W.4
  • 47
    • 84860244663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "A costly turn on": patterns of use and perceived consequences of mephedrone based head shop products amongst Irish injectors
    • Van Hout M.C., Bingham T. "A costly turn on": patterns of use and perceived consequences of mephedrone based head shop products amongst Irish injectors. Int. J. Drug Policy 2012, 23:188-197.
    • (2012) Int. J. Drug Policy , vol.23 , pp. 188-197
    • Van Hout, M.C.1    Bingham, T.2
  • 48
    • 80052438852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Heads held high': an exploratory study of legal highs in pre-legislation Ireland
    • Van Hout M.C., Brennan R. 'Heads held high': an exploratory study of legal highs in pre-legislation Ireland. J. Ethn. Subst. Abuse 2011, 10:256-272.
    • (2011) J. Ethn. Subst. Abuse , vol.10 , pp. 256-272
    • Van Hout, M.C.1    Brennan, R.2
  • 49
    • 78149303571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone: still available and twice the price
    • Winstock A., Mitcheson L., Marsden J. Mephedrone: still available and twice the price. Lancet 2010, 376(9752):1537.
    • (2010) Lancet , vol.376 , Issue.9752 , pp. 1537
    • Winstock, A.1    Mitcheson, L.2    Marsden, J.3
  • 50
    • 84865594699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limited use of novel psychoactive substances in South London nightclubs
    • Wood D.M., Hunter L., Measham F., Dargan P.I. Limited use of novel psychoactive substances in South London nightclubs. QJM 2012, 105:959-964.
    • (2012) QJM , vol.105 , pp. 959-964
    • Wood, D.M.1    Hunter, L.2    Measham, F.3    Dargan, P.I.4
  • 51
    • 85168038361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Info.sheet: MDPV, (retrieved 8.11.12).
    • Info.sheet: MDPV, (retrieved 8.11.12). http://crew2000.org.uk/.
  • 52
    • 85168038969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Info.sheet: Naphyrone, (retrieved 8.11.12).
    • Info.sheet: Naphyrone, (retrieved 8.11.12). http://crew2000.org.uk/.
  • 53
    • 84867348939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic cathinone exposures reported to Texas Poison Centers
    • Forrester M.B. Synthetic cathinone exposures reported to Texas Poison Centers. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 2012, 38:609-617.
    • (2012) Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse , vol.38 , pp. 609-617
    • Forrester, M.B.1
  • 54
    • 79960773236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics of mephedrone toxicity reported to the UK National Poisons Information Service
    • On behalf of the National Poisons Information Service
    • James D., Adams R.D., Spears R., Cooper G., Lupton D.J., Thompson J.P., Thomas S.H., on behalf of the National Poisons Information Service Clinical characteristics of mephedrone toxicity reported to the UK National Poisons Information Service. Emerg. Med. J. 2011, 28:686-689.
    • (2011) Emerg. Med. J. , vol.28 , pp. 686-689
    • James, D.1    Adams, R.D.2    Spears, R.3    Cooper, G.4    Lupton, D.J.5    Thompson, J.P.6    Thomas, S.H.7
  • 58
    • 80053422684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GHB and synthetic cathinones: clinical effects and potential consequences
    • Karila L., Reynaud M. GHB and synthetic cathinones: clinical effects and potential consequences. Drug Test. Anal. 2011, 3:552-559.
    • (2011) Drug Test. Anal. , vol.3 , pp. 552-559
    • Karila, L.1    Reynaud, M.2
  • 59
    • 84869096843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elucidation of the phase I and phase II metabolic pathways of (±)-4'-methylmethcathinone (4-MMC) and (±)-4'-(trifluoromethyl(methcathinone)) (4-TFMMC) in rat liver hepatocytes using LC-MS and LC-MC
    • Khreit O.I.G., Grant M.H., Zhong T., Henderson C., Watson D.G., Sutcliffe O.B. Elucidation of the phase I and phase II metabolic pathways of (±)-4'-methylmethcathinone (4-MMC) and (±)-4'-(trifluoromethyl(methcathinone)) (4-TFMMC) in rat liver hepatocytes using LC-MS and LC-MC. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2013, 72:177-185.
    • (2013) J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. , vol.72 , pp. 177-185
    • Khreit, O.I.G.1    Grant, M.H.2    Zhong, T.3    Henderson, C.4    Watson, D.G.5    Sutcliffe, O.B.6
  • 60
    • 84865866334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The characterization of 3,4-dimethylmethcathinone (3,4-DMMC)
    • Locos O., Reynolds D. The characterization of 3,4-dimethylmethcathinone (3,4-DMMC). J. Forensic Sci. 2012, 57:1303-1306.
    • (2012) J. Forensic Sci. , vol.57 , pp. 1303-1306
    • Locos, O.1    Reynolds, D.2
  • 61
    • 84858703050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of metabolites by an automated online metabolism method using human liver microsomes with subsequent identification by LC-MS(n), and metabolism of 11 cathinones
    • Mueller D.M., Rentsch K.M. Generation of metabolites by an automated online metabolism method using human liver microsomes with subsequent identification by LC-MS(n), and metabolism of 11 cathinones. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2012, 402:2141-2151.
    • (2012) Anal. Bioanal. Chem. , vol.402 , pp. 2141-2151
    • Mueller, D.M.1    Rentsch, K.M.2
  • 62
    • 78650716854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on the metabolism of the α-pyrrolidinophenone designer drug methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) in rat and human urine and human liver microsomes using GC-MS and LC-high-resolution MS and its detectability in urine by GC-MS
    • Meyer M.R., Du P., Schuster F., Maurer H.H. Studies on the metabolism of the α-pyrrolidinophenone designer drug methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) in rat and human urine and human liver microsomes using GC-MS and LC-high-resolution MS and its detectability in urine by GC-MS. J. Mass Spectrom. 2010, 45:1426-1442.
    • (2010) J. Mass Spectrom. , vol.45 , pp. 1426-1442
    • Meyer, M.R.1    Du, P.2    Schuster, F.3    Maurer, H.H.4
  • 63
    • 77953475735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-keto amphetamines: studies on the metabolism of the designer drug mephedrone and toxicological detection of mephedrone, butylone, and methylone in urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • Meyer M.R., Wilhelm J., Peters F.T., Maurer H.H. Beta-keto amphetamines: studies on the metabolism of the designer drug mephedrone and toxicological detection of mephedrone, butylone, and methylone in urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2010, 397:1225-1233.
    • (2010) Anal. Bioanal. Chem. , vol.397 , pp. 1225-1233
    • Meyer, M.R.1    Wilhelm, J.2    Peters, F.T.3    Maurer, H.H.4
  • 64
    • 84857462045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New cathinone-derived designer drugs 3-bromomethcathinone and 3-fluoro-methcathinone: studies on their metabolism in rat urine and human liver microsomes using GC-MS and LC-high-resolution MS and their detectability in urine
    • Meyer M.R., Vollmar C., Schwaninger A.E., Wolf E., Maurer H.H. New cathinone-derived designer drugs 3-bromomethcathinone and 3-fluoro-methcathinone: studies on their metabolism in rat urine and human liver microsomes using GC-MS and LC-high-resolution MS and their detectability in urine. J. Mass Spectrom. 2012, 47:253-262.
    • (2012) J. Mass Spectrom. , vol.47 , pp. 253-262
    • Meyer, M.R.1    Vollmar, C.2    Schwaninger, A.E.3    Wolf, E.4    Maurer, H.H.5
  • 65
    • 79953198986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urine analysis of 3,4-methylene-dioxypyrovalerone in opioid-dependent patients by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • Ojanpera A., Heikman P.K., Rasanen I.J. Urine analysis of 3,4-methylene-dioxypyrovalerone in opioid-dependent patients by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ther. Drug Monit. 2011, 33:257-263.
    • (2011) Ther. Drug Monit. , vol.33 , pp. 257-263
    • Ojanpera, A.1    Heikman, P.K.2    Rasanen, I.J.3
  • 66
    • 79952898264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of cathinones and related ephedrines in forensic whole-blood samples by liquid-chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry
    • Sørensen L.K. Determination of cathinones and related ephedrines in forensic whole-blood samples by liquid-chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B: Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2011, 879:727-736.
    • (2011) J. Chromatogr. B: Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. , vol.879 , pp. 727-736
    • Sørensen, L.K.1
  • 68
    • 77955858928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicological determination and in vitro metabolism of the designer drug methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
    • Strano-Rossi S., Cadwallader A.B., de la Torre X., Botrè F. Toxicological determination and in vitro metabolism of the designer drug methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2011, 24:2706-2714.
    • (2011) Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. , vol.24 , pp. 2706-2714
    • Strano-Rossi, S.1    Cadwallader, A.B.2    de la Torre, X.3    Botrè, F.4
  • 72
    • 84865424242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative neuropharmacology of three psychostimulant cathinone derivatives: butylone, mephedrone and methylone
    • López-Arnau R., Martínez-Clemente J., Pubill D., Escubedo E., Camarasa J. Comparative neuropharmacology of three psychostimulant cathinone derivatives: butylone, mephedrone and methylone. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2012, 167:407-420.
    • (2012) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.167 , pp. 407-420
    • López-Arnau, R.1    Martínez-Clemente, J.2    Pubill, D.3    Escubedo, E.4    Camarasa, J.5
  • 74
  • 76
    • 33847113912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of non-medically used psychoactive drugs on monoamine neurotransmission in rat brain
    • Nagai F., Nonaka R., Satoh Hisashi Kamimura K. The effects of non-medically used psychoactive drugs on monoamine neurotransmission in rat brain. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2007, 559:132-137.
    • (2007) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.559 , pp. 132-137
    • Nagai, F.1    Nonaka, R.2    Satoh Hisashi Kamimura, K.3
  • 77
    • 80054792045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone, compared with MDMA (ecstasy) and amphetamine, rapidly increases both dopamine and 5-HT levels in nucleus accumbens of awake rats
    • Kehr J., Ichinose F., Yoshitake S., Goiny M., Sievertsson T., Nyberg F., Yoshitake T. Mephedrone, compared with MDMA (ecstasy) and amphetamine, rapidly increases both dopamine and 5-HT levels in nucleus accumbens of awake rats. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2011, 164:1949-1958.
    • (2011) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.164 , pp. 1949-1958
    • Kehr, J.1    Ichinose, F.2    Yoshitake, S.3    Goiny, M.4    Sievertsson, T.5    Nyberg, F.6    Yoshitake, T.7
  • 78
    • 0346874451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methcathinone is a substrate for the serotonin uptake transporter
    • Cozzi N.V., Foley K.F. Methcathinone is a substrate for the serotonin uptake transporter. Pharm. Technol. 2003, 93:219-225.
    • (2003) Pharm. Technol. , vol.93 , pp. 219-225
    • Cozzi, N.V.1    Foley, K.F.2
  • 79
    • 33144477907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one (pyrovalerone) analogues: a promising class of monoamine uptake inhibitors
    • Meltzer P.C., Butler D., Deschamps J.R., Madras B.K. 1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one (pyrovalerone) analogues: a promising class of monoamine uptake inhibitors. J. Med. Chem. 2006, 49:1420-1432.
    • (2006) J. Med. Chem. , vol.49 , pp. 1420-1432
    • Meltzer, P.C.1    Butler, D.2    Deschamps, J.R.3    Madras, B.K.4
  • 80
    • 84875206459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bath salts components mephedrone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) act synergistically at the human dopamine transporter
    • Cameron K.N., Kolanos R., Solis E., Glennon R.A., De Felice L.J. Bath salts components mephedrone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) act synergistically at the human dopamine transporter. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2013, 168:1750-1757.
    • (2013) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.168 , pp. 1750-1757
    • Cameron, K.N.1    Kolanos, R.2    Solis, E.3    Glennon, R.A.4    De Felice, L.J.5
  • 81
    • 84857652623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone, 'meow'): acute behavioural effects and distribution of Fos expression in adolescent rats
    • Motbey C.P., Hunt G.E., Bowen M.T., Artissm S., McGregor I.S. Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone, 'meow'): acute behavioural effects and distribution of Fos expression in adolescent rats. Addict. Biol. 2012, 17:409-422.
    • (2012) Addict. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 409-422
    • Motbey, C.P.1    Hunt, G.E.2    Bowen, M.T.3    Artissm, S.4    McGregor, I.S.5
  • 83
  • 84
    • 84867232376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of synthetic cathinones contained in "bath salts" on motor behavior and a functional observational battery in mice
    • Marusich J.A., Grant K.R., Blough B.E., Wiley J.L. Effects of synthetic cathinones contained in "bath salts" on motor behavior and a functional observational battery in mice. Neurotoxicology 2012, 33:1305-1313.
    • (2012) Neurotoxicology , vol.33 , pp. 1305-1313
    • Marusich, J.A.1    Grant, K.R.2    Blough, B.E.3    Wiley, J.L.4
  • 88
    • 84865628130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone, 4MMC) and d-methamphetamine improve visuo-spatial associative memory, but not spatial working memory, in rhesus macaques
    • Wright M.J., Vandewater S.A., Angrish D., Dickerson T.J., Taffe M.A. Mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone, 4MMC) and d-methamphetamine improve visuo-spatial associative memory, but not spatial working memory, in rhesus macaques. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2012, 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02091.x.
    • (2012) Br. J. Pharmacol.
    • Wright, M.J.1    Vandewater, S.A.2    Angrish, D.3    Dickerson, T.J.4    Taffe, M.A.5
  • 91
    • 81955166874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paranoid psychosis induced by consumption of methylenedioxypyrovalerone: two cases
    • Antonowicz J.L., Metzger A.K., Ramanujam S.L. Paranoid psychosis induced by consumption of methylenedioxypyrovalerone: two cases. Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry 2011, 33:640.e5-640.e6.
    • (2011) Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry , vol.33
    • Antonowicz, J.L.1    Metzger, A.K.2    Ramanujam, S.L.3
  • 93
    • 84870253793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are "bath salts" the next generation of stimulant abuse?
    • Winder G.S., Stern N., Hosanagar A. Are "bath salts" the next generation of stimulant abuse?. J. Subst. Abuse Treat. 2013, 44:42-45.
    • (2013) J. Subst. Abuse Treat. , vol.44 , pp. 42-45
    • Winder, G.S.1    Stern, N.2    Hosanagar, A.3
  • 94
    • 84860488942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperthermia and multiorgan failure after abuse of "bath salts" containing 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
    • Borek H.A., Holstege C.P. Hyperthermia and multiorgan failure after abuse of "bath salts" containing 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone. Ann. Emerg. Med. 2012, 60:103-105.
    • (2012) Ann. Emerg. Med. , vol.60 , pp. 103-105
    • Borek, H.A.1    Holstege, C.P.2
  • 96
    • 84857748270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death following recreational use of designer drug "bath salts" containing 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)
    • Murray B.L., Murphy C.M., Beuhler M.C. Death following recreational use of designer drug "bath salts" containing 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). J. Med. Toxicol. 2012, 8:69-75.
    • (2012) J. Med. Toxicol. , vol.8 , pp. 69-75
    • Murray, B.L.1    Murphy, C.M.2    Beuhler, M.C.3
  • 97
    • 84865655811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Legal highs"-toxicity in the clinical and medico-legal aspect as exemplified by suicide with bk-MBDB administration
    • Rojek S., Kłys M., Strona M., Maciów M., Kula K. "Legal highs"-toxicity in the clinical and medico-legal aspect as exemplified by suicide with bk-MBDB administration. Forensic Sci. Int. 2012, 222:e1-e6.
    • (2012) Forensic Sci. Int. , vol.222
    • Rojek, S.1    Kłys, M.2    Strona, M.3    Maciów, M.4    Kula, K.5
  • 98
    • 84997952363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation due to "bath salts" resulting in fatalities, with laboratory confirmation, Am
    • Young A.C., Schwarz E.S., Velez L.I., Gardner M. Two cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation due to "bath salts" resulting in fatalities, with laboratory confirmation, Am. J. Emerg. Med. 2013, 31:445e3-445e5.
    • (2013) J. Emerg. Med. , vol.31
    • Young, A.C.1    Schwarz, E.S.2    Velez, L.I.3    Gardner, M.4
  • 99
    • 84876686616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compartment syndrome after "bath salts" use: a case series
    • Levine M., Levitan R., Skolnik A. Compartment syndrome after "bath salts" use: a case series. Ann. Emerg. Med. 2013, 61:480-483.
    • (2013) Ann. Emerg. Med. , vol.61 , pp. 480-483
    • Levine, M.1    Levitan, R.2    Skolnik, A.3
  • 100
    • 84860488943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin syndrome associated with MDPV use: a case report
    • Mugele J., Nañagas K.A., Tormoehlen L.M. Serotonin syndrome associated with MDPV use: a case report. Ann. Emerg. Med. 2012, 60:100-103.
    • (2012) Ann. Emerg. Med. , vol.60 , pp. 100-103
    • Mugele, J.1    Nañagas, K.A.2    Tormoehlen, L.M.3
  • 101
    • 78650726892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical pattern of toxicity associated with the novel synthetic cathinone mephedrone
    • Wood D.M., Greene S.L., Dargan P.I. Clinical pattern of toxicity associated with the novel synthetic cathinone mephedrone. Emerg. Med. J. 2010, 28:280-282.
    • (2010) Emerg. Med. J. , vol.28 , pp. 280-282
    • Wood, D.M.1    Greene, S.L.2    Dargan, P.I.3
  • 102
    • 81855175383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone toxicity in a Scottish emergency department
    • Regan L., Mitchelson M., Macdonald C. Mephedrone toxicity in a Scottish emergency department. Emerg. Med. J. 2011, 28:1055-1058.
    • (2011) Emerg. Med. J. , vol.28 , pp. 1055-1058
    • Regan, L.1    Mitchelson, M.2    Macdonald, C.3
  • 104
    • 79957635109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergency department visits after use of a drug sold as "bath salts"-Michigan, November 13, 2010-March 31, 2011
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Emergency department visits after use of a drug sold as "bath salts"-Michigan, November 13, 2010-March 31, 2011. MMWR. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 2011, 60:624-627.
    • (2011) MMWR. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. , vol.60 , pp. 624-627
  • 105
    • 84874273007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Bath salts" and "plant food" products: the experience of one regional US Poison Center
    • Murphy C.M., Dulaney A.R., Beuhler M.C., Kacinko S. "Bath salts" and "plant food" products: the experience of one regional US Poison Center. J. Med. Toxicol. 2013, 9:42-48.
    • (2013) J. Med. Toxicol. , vol.9 , pp. 42-48
    • Murphy, C.M.1    Dulaney, A.R.2    Beuhler, M.C.3    Kacinko, S.4
  • 106
    • 84866487818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mephedrone-related fatalities in the United Kingdom: contextual, clinical and practical issues
    • (retrieved 9.12.12)
    • Corkery J.M., Schifano F., Ghodse A.H. Mephedrone-related fatalities in the United Kingdom: contextual, clinical and practical issues. Pharmacology 2012, 17:355-380. http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/32134/InTech-Mephedrone_related_fatalities_in_the_united_kingdom_contextual_clinical_and_practical_issues.pdf (retrieved 9.12.12).
    • (2012) Pharmacology , vol.17 , pp. 355-380
    • Corkery, J.M.1    Schifano, F.2    Ghodse, A.H.3
  • 108
    • 80052488621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sympathomimetic toxicity in a case of analytically confirmed recreational use of naphyrone (naphthylpyrovalerone)
    • Derungs A., Schietzel S., Meyer M.R., Maurer H.H., Krähenbühl S., Liechti M.E. Sympathomimetic toxicity in a case of analytically confirmed recreational use of naphyrone (naphthylpyrovalerone). Clin. Toxicol. 2011, 49:691-693.
    • (2011) Clin. Toxicol. , vol.49 , pp. 691-693
    • Derungs, A.1    Schietzel, S.2    Meyer, M.R.3    Maurer, H.H.4    Krähenbühl, S.5    Liechti, M.E.6
  • 109
    • 84857413638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bath salt abuse: neuropsychiatric effects of cathinone derivatives
    • Goshgarian A.M., Caplan J.P. Bath salt abuse: neuropsychiatric effects of cathinone derivatives. Psychosomatics 2011, 52:592-593.
    • (2011) Psychosomatics , vol.52 , pp. 592-593
    • Goshgarian, A.M.1    Caplan, J.P.2
  • 111
    • 80052704897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hallucinatory delirium following use of MDPV: "bath salts"
    • Penders T.M., Gestring R. Hallucinatory delirium following use of MDPV: "bath salts". Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry 2011, 33:525-526.
    • (2011) Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry , vol.33 , pp. 525-526
    • Penders, T.M.1    Gestring, R.2
  • 112
    • 84867845632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excited delirium following use of synthetic cathinones (bath salts)
    • Penders T.M., Gestring R.E., Vilensky D.A. Excited delirium following use of synthetic cathinones (bath salts). Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry 2012, 34:647-650.
    • (2012) Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry , vol.34 , pp. 647-650
    • Penders, T.M.1    Gestring, R.E.2    Vilensky, D.A.3
  • 113
    • 84857626061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive and subjective effects of mephedrone and factors influencing use of a 'new legal high'
    • Freeman T.P., Morgan C.J., Vaughn-Jones J., Hussain N., Karimi K., Curran H.V. Cognitive and subjective effects of mephedrone and factors influencing use of a 'new legal high'. Addiction 2012, 107:792-800.
    • (2012) Addiction , vol.107 , pp. 792-800
    • Freeman, T.P.1    Morgan, C.J.2    Vaughn-Jones, J.3    Hussain, N.4    Karimi, K.5    Curran, H.V.6
  • 116
    • 84865860920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suspected and confirmed fatalities associated with mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone, "meow meow") in the United Kingdom
    • Schifano F., Corkery J., Ghodse A.H. Suspected and confirmed fatalities associated with mephedrone (4-methylmethcathinone, "meow meow") in the United Kingdom. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2012, 32:710-714.
    • (2012) J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. , vol.32 , pp. 710-714
    • Schifano, F.1    Corkery, J.2    Ghodse, A.H.3
  • 117
    • 77953870712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple-drug toxicity caused by the coadministration of 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone) and heroin
    • Dickson A.J., Vorce S.P., Levine B., Past M.R. Multiple-drug toxicity caused by the coadministration of 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone) and heroin. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2010, 34:162-168.
    • (2010) J. Anal. Toxicol. , vol.34 , pp. 162-168
    • Dickson, A.J.1    Vorce, S.P.2    Levine, B.3    Past, M.R.4
  • 123
    • 79952738995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two fatal intoxications with the new designer drug methedrone (4-methoxymethcathinone)
    • Wikström M., Thelander G., Nyström I., Kronstrand R. Two fatal intoxications with the new designer drug methedrone (4-methoxymethcathinone). J. Anal. Toxicol. 2010, 34:594-598.
    • (2010) J. Anal. Toxicol. , vol.34 , pp. 594-598
    • Wikström, M.1    Thelander, G.2    Nyström, I.3    Kronstrand, R.4
  • 124
    • 84857800731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The toxicology of bath salts: a review of synthetic cathinones
    • Prosser J.M., Nelson L.S. The toxicology of bath salts: a review of synthetic cathinones. J. Med. Toxicol. 2012, 8:33-42.
    • (2012) J. Med. Toxicol. , vol.8 , pp. 33-42
    • Prosser, J.M.1    Nelson, L.S.2
  • 127
    • 84865737058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychosis from a bath salt product containing flephedrone and MDPV with serum, urine, and product quantification
    • Thornton S.L., Gerona R.R., Tomaszewski C.A. Psychosis from a bath salt product containing flephedrone and MDPV with serum, urine, and product quantification. J. Med. Toxicol. 2011, 8:310-313.
    • (2011) J. Med. Toxicol. , vol.8 , pp. 310-313
    • Thornton, S.L.1    Gerona, R.R.2    Tomaszewski, C.A.3
  • 128
    • 79953098565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute liver failure following recreational use of psychotropic "head shop" compounds
    • Fröhlich S., Lambe E., O'Dea J. Acute liver failure following recreational use of psychotropic "head shop" compounds. Ir. J. Med. Sci. 2011, 180:263-264.
    • (2011) Ir. J. Med. Sci. , vol.180 , pp. 263-264
    • Fröhlich, S.1    Lambe, E.2    O'Dea, J.3
  • 129
    • 78649903535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Headshop heartache: acute mephedrone 'meow' myocarditis
    • Nicholson P.J., Quinn M.J., Dodd J.D. Headshop heartache: acute mephedrone 'meow' myocarditis. Heart 2010, 96:2051-2052.
    • (2010) Heart , vol.96 , pp. 2051-2052
    • Nicholson, P.J.1    Quinn, M.J.2    Dodd, J.D.3
  • 130
    • 84855961722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema associated with mephedrone usage
    • Maan Z.N., D'Souza A.R. Spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema associated with mephedrone usage. Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. 2012, 94:e38-e40.
    • (2012) Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. , vol.94
    • Maan, Z.N.1    D'Souza, A.R.2
  • 131
    • 84867177518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bath salt intoxication causing acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis
    • Regunath H., Ariyamuthu V.K., Dalal P., Misra M. Bath salt intoxication causing acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis. Hemodial. Int. 2012, 16(Suppl. 1):S47-S49.
    • (2012) Hemodial. Int. , vol.16 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Regunath, H.1    Ariyamuthu, V.K.2    Dalal, P.3    Misra, M.4
  • 132
    • 84863994323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bath salts-induced delirium and brief psychotic episode in an otherwise health young man
    • (pii: PCC110.1224)
    • Sharma T.R., Iskandar J.W., Ali R., Shah U.R. Bath salts-induced delirium and brief psychotic episode in an otherwise health young man. Prim. Care Companion CNS Disord. 2012, 14. (pii: PCC110.1224).
    • (2012) Prim. Care Companion CNS Disord. , vol.14
    • Sharma, T.R.1    Iskandar, J.W.2    Ali, R.3    Shah, U.R.4
  • 133
    • 81955164869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute psychotic sequelae of "bath salts"
    • Striebel J.M., Pierre J.M. Acute psychotic sequelae of "bath salts". Schizophr. Res. 2011, 133:259-260.
    • (2011) Schizophr. Res. , vol.133 , pp. 259-260
    • Striebel, J.M.1    Pierre, J.M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.