메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 64, Issue , 2017, Pages 5-17

Defining, distinguishing and detecting the contribution of heterogeneous methylation to cancer heterogeneity

Author keywords

Cancer; DNA methylation; Epigenetics; Molecular diagnostics; Tumor heterogeneity

Indexed keywords

AGE; ALLELE; CLONE BASED BISULFITE SEQUENCING; DIRECT BISULFITE SEQUENCING; DNA METHYLATION; DNA MICROARRAY; ENVIRONMENT; EPIGENETICS; GENE LOCUS; GENE SEQUENCE; GENETIC HETEROGENEITY; HIGH RESOLUTION MELTING ANALYSIS; HUMAN; MALIGNANT NEOPLASM; MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS; NANOPORE SEQUENCING; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REVIEW; SINGLE CELL SEQUENCING; SINGLE MLECULE REAL TIME SEQUENCING; WHOLE GENOME BISULFITE SEQUENCING; WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING; ANIMAL; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; GENETICS; MARKOV CHAIN; NEOPLASM;

EID: 85021249827     PISSN: 10849521     EISSN: 10963634     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.08.030     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (19)

References (157)
  • 1
    • 0016439429 scopus 로고
    • DNA modification mechanisms and gene activity during development
    • Holliday, R., Pugh, J., DNA modification mechanisms and gene activity during development. Science 187:4173 (1975), 226–232.
    • (1975) Science , vol.187 , Issue.4173 , pp. 226-232
    • Holliday, R.1    Pugh, J.2
  • 2
    • 0016692220 scopus 로고
    • X inactivation, differentiation, and DNA methylation, Cytogenet
    • Riggs, A.D., X inactivation, differentiation, and DNA methylation, Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 14:1 (1975), 9–25.
    • (1975) Cell Genet. , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-25
    • Riggs, A.D.1
  • 4
    • 0020699979 scopus 로고
    • Hypomethylation distinguishes genes of some human cancers from their normal counterparts
    • Feinberg, A.P., Vogelstein, B., Hypomethylation distinguishes genes of some human cancers from their normal counterparts. Nature 301:5895 (1983), 89–92.
    • (1983) Nature , vol.301 , Issue.5895 , pp. 89-92
    • Feinberg, A.P.1    Vogelstein, B.2
  • 6
    • 0034176798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA hypermethylation in tumorigenesis: epigenetics joins genetics
    • Baylin, S.B., Herman, J.G., DNA hypermethylation in tumorigenesis: epigenetics joins genetics. Trends Genet. 16:4 (2000), 168–174.
    • (2000) Trends Genet. , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 168-174
    • Baylin, S.B.1    Herman, J.G.2
  • 7
    • 0000899674 scopus 로고
    • Enzymatic synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid: XI. further studies on nearest neighbor base sequences In deoxyribonucleic acids
    • Swartz, M.N., Trautner, T.A., Kornberg, A., Enzymatic synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid: XI. further studies on nearest neighbor base sequences In deoxyribonucleic acids. J. Biol. Chem. 237:6 (1962), 1961–1967.
    • (1962) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.237 , Issue.6 , pp. 1961-1967
    • Swartz, M.N.1    Trautner, T.A.2    Kornberg, A.3
  • 8
    • 0020489781 scopus 로고
    • Amount and distribution of 5-methylcytosine in human DNA from different types of tissues or cells
    • Ehrlich, M., Gama-Sosa, M.A., Huang, L.-H., Midgett, R.M., Kuo, K.C., McCune, R.A., et al. Amount and distribution of 5-methylcytosine in human DNA from different types of tissues or cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 10:8 (1982), 2709–2721.
    • (1982) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.10 , Issue.8 , pp. 2709-2721
    • Ehrlich, M.1    Gama-Sosa, M.A.2    Huang, L.-H.3    Midgett, R.M.4    Kuo, K.C.5    McCune, R.A.6
  • 9
    • 0027141519 scopus 로고
    • Number of CpG islands and genes in human and mouse
    • Antequera, F., Bird, A., Number of CpG islands and genes in human and mouse. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 90:24 (1993), 11995–11999.
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.90 , Issue.24 , pp. 11995-11999
    • Antequera, F.1    Bird, A.2
  • 10
    • 0023472826 scopus 로고
    • CpG islands as gene markers in the vertebrate nucleus
    • Bird, A.P., CpG islands as gene markers in the vertebrate nucleus. Trends Genet. 3 (1987), 342–347.
    • (1987) Trends Genet. , vol.3 , pp. 342-347
    • Bird, A.P.1
  • 11
    • 84863986133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functions of DNA methylation: islands, start sites, gene bodies and beyond
    • Jones, P.A., Functions of DNA methylation: islands, start sites, gene bodies and beyond. Nat. Rev. Genet. 13:7 (2012), 484–492.
    • (2012) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.13 , Issue.7 , pp. 484-492
    • Jones, P.A.1
  • 12
    • 84922621952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Function and information content of DNA methylation
    • Schubeler, D., Function and information content of DNA methylation. Nature 517:7534 (2015), 321–326.
    • (2015) Nature , vol.517 , Issue.7534 , pp. 321-326
    • Schubeler, D.1
  • 13
    • 84908876468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA methylation: old dog, new tricks?
    • Spruijt, C.G., Vermeulen, M., DNA methylation: old dog, new tricks?. Nat Struct. Mol. Biol. 21:11 (2014), 949–954.
    • (2014) Nat Struct. Mol. Biol. , vol.21 , Issue.11 , pp. 949-954
    • Spruijt, C.G.1    Vermeulen, M.2
  • 14
    • 84969211408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of promoters and enhancers using multiple DNA methylation-associated features
    • S11–S11
    • Hwang, W., Oliver, V.F., Merbs, S.L., Zhu, H., Qian, J., Prediction of promoters and enhancers using multiple DNA methylation-associated features. BMC Genomics, 16(Suppl. 7), 2015 S11–S11.
    • (2015) BMC Genomics , vol.16
    • Hwang, W.1    Oliver, V.F.2    Merbs, S.L.3    Zhu, H.4    Qian, J.5
  • 15
    • 85052165544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Martino, D., Saffery, R., Characteristics of DNA methylation and gene expression in regulatory features on the Infinium 450k Beadchip. bioRxiv, 2015.
  • 16
    • 84875167169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-canonical functions of the DNA methylome in gene regulation
    • Reddington, J.P., Pennings, S., Meehan, R.R., Non-canonical functions of the DNA methylome in gene regulation. Biochem. J. 451 (2013), 13–23.
    • (2013) Biochem. J. , vol.451 , pp. 13-23
    • Reddington, J.P.1    Pennings, S.2    Meehan, R.R.3
  • 17
    • 0036415141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dnmt3a and Dnmt1 functionally cooperate during de novo methylation of DNA
    • Fatemi, M., Hermann, A., Gowher, H., Jeltsch, A., Dnmt3a and Dnmt1 functionally cooperate during de novo methylation of DNA. Eur. J. Biochem. 269:20 (2002), 4981–4984.
    • (2002) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.269 , Issue.20 , pp. 4981-4984
    • Fatemi, M.1    Hermann, A.2    Gowher, H.3    Jeltsch, A.4
  • 18
    • 0036683055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-operation and communication between the human maintenance and de novo DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferases
    • Kim, G.-D., Ni, J., Kelesoglu, N., Roberts, R.J., Pradhan, S., Co-operation and communication between the human maintenance and de novo DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferases. EMBO J. 21:15 (2002), 4183–4195.
    • (2002) EMBO J. , vol.21 , Issue.15 , pp. 4183-4195
    • Kim, G.-D.1    Ni, J.2    Kelesoglu, N.3    Roberts, R.J.4    Pradhan, S.5
  • 19
    • 0036135014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperativity between DNA methyltransferases in the maintenance methylation of repetitive elements
    • Liang, G., Chan, M.F., Tomigahara, Y., Tsai, Y.C., Gonzales, F.A., Li, E., et al. Cooperativity between DNA methyltransferases in the maintenance methylation of repetitive elements. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:2 (2002), 480–491.
    • (2002) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 480-491
    • Liang, G.1    Chan, M.F.2    Tomigahara, Y.3    Tsai, Y.C.4    Gonzales, F.A.5    Li, E.6
  • 20
    • 44449140370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methyl-CpG binding proteins: specialized transcriptional repressors or structural components of chromatin?
    • Clouaire, T., Stancheva, I., Methyl-CpG binding proteins: specialized transcriptional repressors or structural components of chromatin?. Cell. Mol. Life Sci: CMLS 65:10 (2008), 1509–1522.
    • (2008) Cell. Mol. Life Sci: CMLS , vol.65 , Issue.10 , pp. 1509-1522
    • Clouaire, T.1    Stancheva, I.2
  • 21
    • 84923132296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA demethylation, tet proteins and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in epigenetic reprogramming: an emerging complex story
    • Hill, P.W.S., Amouroux, R., Hajkova, P., DNA demethylation, tet proteins and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in epigenetic reprogramming: an emerging complex story. Genomics 104:5 (2014), 324–333.
    • (2014) Genomics , vol.104 , Issue.5 , pp. 324-333
    • Hill, P.W.S.1    Amouroux, R.2    Hajkova, P.3
  • 22
    • 66149146320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conversion of 5-Methylcytosine to 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in mammalian DNA by MLL partner TET1
    • Tahiliani, M., Koh, K.P., Shen, Y.H., Pastor, W.A., Bandukwala, H., Brudno, Y., et al. Conversion of 5-Methylcytosine to 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in mammalian DNA by MLL partner TET1. Science 324:5929 (2009), 930–935.
    • (2009) Science , vol.324 , Issue.5929 , pp. 930-935
    • Tahiliani, M.1    Koh, K.P.2    Shen, Y.H.3    Pastor, W.A.4    Bandukwala, H.5    Brudno, Y.6
  • 23
    • 42249094716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromatin dynamics during epigenetic reprogramming in the mouse germ line
    • Hajkova, P., Ancelin, K., Waldmann, T., Lacoste, N., Lange, U.C., Cesari, F., et al. Chromatin dynamics during epigenetic reprogramming in the mouse germ line. Nature 452:7189 (2008), 877–881.
    • (2008) Nature , vol.452 , Issue.7189 , pp. 877-881
    • Hajkova, P.1    Ancelin, K.2    Waldmann, T.3    Lacoste, N.4    Lange, U.C.5    Cesari, F.6
  • 25
    • 84872770694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Germline DNA demethylation dynamics and imprint erasure through 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine
    • Hackett, J.A., Sengupta, R., Zylicz, J.J., Murakami, K., Lee, C., Down, T.A., et al. Germline DNA demethylation dynamics and imprint erasure through 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine. Science 339:6118 (2013), 448–452.
    • (2013) Science , vol.339 , Issue.6118 , pp. 448-452
    • Hackett, J.A.1    Sengupta, R.2    Zylicz, J.J.3    Murakami, K.4    Lee, C.5    Down, T.A.6
  • 26
    • 84871702441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of genome-wide DNA methylation reprogramming in mouse primordial germ cells
    • Seisenberger, S., Andrews, S., Krueger, F., Arand, J., Walter, J., Santos, F., et al. The dynamics of genome-wide DNA methylation reprogramming in mouse primordial germ cells. Mol. Cell 48:6 (2012), 849–862.
    • (2012) Mol. Cell , vol.48 , Issue.6 , pp. 849-862
    • Seisenberger, S.1    Andrews, S.2    Krueger, F.3    Arand, J.4    Walter, J.5    Santos, F.6
  • 28
    • 0026740497 scopus 로고
    • Developmental pattern of gene-specific DNA methylation in the mouse embryo and germ line
    • Kafri, T., Ariel, M., Brandeis, M., Shemer, R., Urven, L., McCarrey, J., et al. Developmental pattern of gene-specific DNA methylation in the mouse embryo and germ line. Genes. Dev. 6:5 (1992), 705–714.
    • (1992) Genes. Dev. , vol.6 , Issue.5 , pp. 705-714
    • Kafri, T.1    Ariel, M.2    Brandeis, M.3    Shemer, R.4    Urven, L.5    McCarrey, J.6
  • 29
    • 0023119242 scopus 로고
    • Temporal and regional changes in DNA methylation in the embryonic, extraembryonic and germ cell lineages during mouse embryo development
    • Monk, M., Boubelik, M., Lehnert, S., Temporal and regional changes in DNA methylation in the embryonic, extraembryonic and germ cell lineages during mouse embryo development. Development 99:3 (1987), 371–382.
    • (1987) Development , vol.99 , Issue.3 , pp. 371-382
    • Monk, M.1    Boubelik, M.2    Lehnert, S.3
  • 30
    • 0028104109 scopus 로고
    • Spl elements protect a CpG island from de novo methylation
    • Brandeis, M., Frank, D., Keshet, I., Siegfried, Z., Mendelsohn, M., Names, A., et al. Spl elements protect a CpG island from de novo methylation. Nature 371:6496 (1994), 435–438.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , Issue.6496 , pp. 435-438
    • Brandeis, M.1    Frank, D.2    Keshet, I.3    Siegfried, Z.4    Mendelsohn, M.5    Names, A.6
  • 31
    • 0027960055 scopus 로고
    • Sp1 sites in the mouse aprt gene promoter are required to prevent methylation of the CpG island
    • Macleod, D., Charlton, J., Mullins, J., Bird, A.P., Sp1 sites in the mouse aprt gene promoter are required to prevent methylation of the CpG island. Genes. Dev. 8:19 (1994), 2282–2292.
    • (1994) Genes. Dev. , vol.8 , Issue.19 , pp. 2282-2292
    • Macleod, D.1    Charlton, J.2    Mullins, J.3    Bird, A.P.4
  • 32
    • 84859087611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R-loop formation is a distinctive characteristic of unmethylated human CpG island promoters
    • Ginno, Paul A., Lott, Paul L., Christensen, Holly C., Korf, I., Chédin, F., R-loop formation is a distinctive characteristic of unmethylated human CpG island promoters. Mol. Cell 45:6 (2012), 814–825.
    • (2012) Mol. Cell , vol.45 , Issue.6 , pp. 814-825
    • Ginno, P.A.1    Lott, P.L.2    Christensen, H.C.3    Korf, I.4    Chédin, F.5
  • 33
    • 84881086323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer as a dysregulated epigenome allowing cellular growth advantage at the expense of the host
    • Timp, W., Feinberg, A.P., Cancer as a dysregulated epigenome allowing cellular growth advantage at the expense of the host. Nat. Rev. Cancer 13:7 (2013), 497–510.
    • (2013) Nat. Rev. Cancer , vol.13 , Issue.7 , pp. 497-510
    • Timp, W.1    Feinberg, A.P.2
  • 34
    • 84945452552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting Polycomb systems to regulate gene expression: modifications to a complex story
    • Blackledge, N.P., Rose, N.R., Klose, R.J., Targeting Polycomb systems to regulate gene expression: modifications to a complex story. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 16:11 (2015), 643–649.
    • (2015) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.16 , Issue.11 , pp. 643-649
    • Blackledge, N.P.1    Rose, N.R.2    Klose, R.J.3
  • 35
    • 84861883921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential ChIP-bisulfite sequencing enables direct genome-scale investigation of chromatin and DNA methylation cross-talk
    • Brinkman, A.B., Gu, H., Bartels, S.J.J., Zhang, Y., Matarese, F., Simmer, F., et al. Sequential ChIP-bisulfite sequencing enables direct genome-scale investigation of chromatin and DNA methylation cross-talk. Genome Res. 22:6 (2012), 1128–1138.
    • (2012) Genome Res. , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 1128-1138
    • Brinkman, A.B.1    Gu, H.2    Bartels, S.J.J.3    Zhang, Y.4    Matarese, F.5    Simmer, F.6
  • 36
    • 84877318097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-molecule analysis of combinatorial epigenomic states in normal and tumor cells
    • Murphy, P.J., Cipriany, B.R., Wallin, C.B., Ju, C.Y., Szeto, K., Hagarman, J.A., et al. Single-molecule analysis of combinatorial epigenomic states in normal and tumor cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110:19 (2013), 7772–7777.
    • (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.110 , Issue.19 , pp. 7772-7777
    • Murphy, P.J.1    Cipriany, B.R.2    Wallin, C.B.3    Ju, C.Y.4    Szeto, K.5    Hagarman, J.A.6
  • 37
    • 33846649587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polycomb-mediated methylation on Lys27 of histone H3 pre-marks genes for de novo methylation in cancer
    • Schlesinger, Y., Straussman, R., Keshet, I., Farkash, S., Hecht, M., Zimmerman, J., et al. Polycomb-mediated methylation on Lys27 of histone H3 pre-marks genes for de novo methylation in cancer. Nat. Genet. 39:2 (2007), 232–236.
    • (2007) Nat. Genet. , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 232-236
    • Schlesinger, Y.1    Straussman, R.2    Keshet, I.3    Farkash, S.4    Hecht, M.5    Zimmerman, J.6
  • 38
    • 84868206265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic polymorphism and the stochastic formation of differentially methylated regions in normal and cancerous tissues
    • Landan, G., Cohen, N.M., Mukamel, Z., Bar, A., Molchadsky, A., Brosh, R., et al. Epigenetic polymorphism and the stochastic formation of differentially methylated regions in normal and cancerous tissues. Nat. Genet. 44:11 (2012), 1207–1214.
    • (2012) Nat. Genet. , vol.44 , Issue.11 , pp. 1207-1214
    • Landan, G.1    Cohen, N.M.2    Mukamel, Z.3    Bar, A.4    Molchadsky, A.5    Brosh, R.6
  • 39
    • 0041624239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulated recruitment of HP1 to a euchromatic gene induces mitotically heritable, epigenetic gene silencing: a mammalian cell culture model of gene variegation
    • Ayyanathan, K., Lechner, M.S., Bell, P., Maul, G.G., Schultz, D.C., Yamada, Y., et al. Regulated recruitment of HP1 to a euchromatic gene induces mitotically heritable, epigenetic gene silencing: a mammalian cell culture model of gene variegation. Genes. Dev. 17:15 (2003), 1855–1869.
    • (2003) Genes. Dev. , vol.17 , Issue.15 , pp. 1855-1869
    • Ayyanathan, K.1    Lechner, M.S.2    Bell, P.3    Maul, G.G.4    Schultz, D.C.5    Yamada, Y.6
  • 41
    • 84879260661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double take on bivalent promoters
    • Voigt, P., Tee, W.-W., Reinberg, D., A double take on bivalent promoters. Genes. Dev. 27:12 (2013), 1318–1338.
    • (2013) Genes. Dev. , vol.27 , Issue.12 , pp. 1318-1338
    • Voigt, P.1    Tee, W.-W.2    Reinberg, D.3
  • 42
    • 33646070846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A bivalent chromatin structure marks key developmental genes in embryonic stem cells
    • Bernstein, B.E., Mikkelsen, T.S., Xie, X.H., Kamal, M., Huebert, D.J., Cuff, J., et al. A bivalent chromatin structure marks key developmental genes in embryonic stem cells. Cell 125:2 (2006), 315–326.
    • (2006) Cell , vol.125 , Issue.2 , pp. 315-326
    • Bernstein, B.E.1    Mikkelsen, T.S.2    Xie, X.H.3    Kamal, M.4    Huebert, D.J.5    Cuff, J.6
  • 43
    • 84872255815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordinate regulation of DNA methylation and H3K27me3 in mouse embryonic stem cells
    • Hagarman, J.A., Motley, M.P., Kristjansdottir, K., Soloway, P.D., Coordinate regulation of DNA methylation and H3K27me3 in mouse embryonic stem cells. PLoS One, 8(1), 2013, e53880.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. e53880
    • Hagarman, J.A.1    Motley, M.P.2    Kristjansdottir, K.3    Soloway, P.D.4
  • 44
    • 33645132331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G9a-mediated irreversible epigenetic inactivation of Oct-3/4 during early embryogenesis
    • Feldman, N., Gerson, A., Fang, J., Li, E., Zhang, Y., Shinkai, Y., et al. G9a-mediated irreversible epigenetic inactivation of Oct-3/4 during early embryogenesis. Nat. Cell Biol. 8:2 (2006), 188–194.
    • (2006) Nat. Cell Biol. , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 188-194
    • Feldman, N.1    Gerson, A.2    Fang, J.3    Li, E.4    Zhang, Y.5    Shinkai, Y.6
  • 46
    • 77249170184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishing, maintaining and modifying DNA methylation patterns in plants and animals
    • Law, J.A., Jacobsen, S.E., Establishing, maintaining and modifying DNA methylation patterns in plants and animals. Nat. Rev. Genet. 11:3 (2010), 204–220.
    • (2010) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 204-220
    • Law, J.A.1    Jacobsen, S.E.2
  • 47
    • 84907207898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic and static maintenance of epigenetic memory in pluripotent and somatic cells
    • Shipony, Z., Mukamel, Z., Cohen, N.M., Landan, G., Chomsky, E., Zeliger, S.R., et al. Dynamic and static maintenance of epigenetic memory in pluripotent and somatic cells. Nature 513:7516 (2014), 115–119.
    • (2014) Nature , vol.513 , Issue.7516 , pp. 115-119
    • Shipony, Z.1    Mukamel, Z.2    Cohen, N.M.3    Landan, G.4    Chomsky, E.5    Zeliger, S.R.6
  • 48
    • 63449103531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA methylation analysis of chromosome 21 gene promoters at single base pair and single allele resolution
    • Zhang, Y., Rohde, C., Tierling, S., Jurkowski, T.P., Bock, C., Santacruz, D., et al. DNA methylation analysis of chromosome 21 gene promoters at single base pair and single allele resolution. PLoS Genet., 5(3), 2009, e1000438.
    • (2009) PLoS Genet. , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. e1000438
    • Zhang, Y.1    Rohde, C.2    Tierling, S.3    Jurkowski, T.P.4    Bock, C.5    Santacruz, D.6
  • 49
    • 0036144048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory
    • Bird, A., DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory. Genes. Dev. 16:1 (2002), 6–21.
    • (2002) Genes. Dev. , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 6-21
    • Bird, A.1
  • 50
    • 0027415446 scopus 로고
    • Mosaic methylation in clonal tissue
    • Silva, A.J., Ward, K., White, R., Mosaic methylation in clonal tissue. Dev. Biol. 156:2 (1993), 391–398.
    • (1993) Dev. Biol. , vol.156 , Issue.2 , pp. 391-398
    • Silva, A.J.1    Ward, K.2    White, R.3
  • 52
    • 9144228185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hairpin-bisulfite PCR: Assessing epigenetic methylation patterns on complementary strands of individual DNA molecules
    • Laird, C.D., Pleasant, N.D., Clark, A.D., Sneeden, J.L., Hassan, K.M.A., Manley, N.C., et al. Hairpin-bisulfite PCR: Assessing epigenetic methylation patterns on complementary strands of individual DNA molecules. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101:1 (2004), 204–209.
    • (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.101 , Issue.1 , pp. 204-209
    • Laird, C.D.1    Pleasant, N.D.2    Clark, A.D.3    Sneeden, J.L.4    Hassan, K.M.A.5    Manley, N.C.6
  • 53
    • 84903435240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New concepts in DNA methylation
    • Jeltsch, A., Jurkowska, R.Z., New concepts in DNA methylation. Trends Biochem. Sci. 39:7 (2014), 310–318.
    • (2014) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.39 , Issue.7 , pp. 310-318
    • Jeltsch, A.1    Jurkowska, R.Z.2
  • 54
    • 84863889319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo control of CpG and non-CpG DNA methylation by DNA methyltransferases
    • Arand, J., Spieler, D., Karius, T., Branco, M.R., Meilinger, D., Meissner, A., et al. In vivo control of CpG and non-CpG DNA methylation by DNA methyltransferases. PLoS Genet., 8(6), 2012, e1002750.
    • (2012) PLoS Genet. , vol.8 , Issue.6 , pp. e1002750
    • Arand, J.1    Spieler, D.2    Karius, T.3    Branco, M.R.4    Meilinger, D.5    Meissner, A.6
  • 56
    • 84977110983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleosome dynamics and maintenance of epigenetic states of CpG islands
    • Sneppen, K., Dodd, I.B., Nucleosome dynamics and maintenance of epigenetic states of CpG islands. Phys. Rev. E, 93(6), 2016, 8.
    • (2016) Phys. Rev. E , vol.93 , Issue.6 , pp. 8
    • Sneppen, K.1    Dodd, I.B.2
  • 57
    • 84975840296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stabilization of epigenetic states of CpG islands by local cooperation
    • Sormani, G., Haerter, J.O., Lovkvist, C., Sneppen, K., Stabilization of epigenetic states of CpG islands by local cooperation. Mol. Biosyst. 12:7 (2016), 2142–2146.
    • (2016) Mol. Biosyst. , vol.12 , Issue.7 , pp. 2142-2146
    • Sormani, G.1    Haerter, J.O.2    Lovkvist, C.3    Sneppen, K.4
  • 58
    • 0030710153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How does DNA methylation repress transcription?
    • Kass, S.U., Pruss, D., Wolffe, A.P., How does DNA methylation repress transcription?. Trends Genet. 13:11 (1997), 444–449.
    • (1997) Trends Genet. , vol.13 , Issue.11 , pp. 444-449
    • Kass, S.U.1    Pruss, D.2    Wolffe, A.P.3
  • 59
    • 0028106737 scopus 로고
    • Dependence of transcriptional repression on CpG methylation density
    • Hsieh, C.L., Dependence of transcriptional repression on CpG methylation density. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:8 (1994), 5487–5494.
    • (1994) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.14 , Issue.8 , pp. 5487-5494
    • Hsieh, C.L.1
  • 60
    • 0026583975 scopus 로고
    • Repression of genes by DNA methylation depends on CpG density and promoter strength: evidence for involvement of a methyl-CpG binding protein
    • Boyes, J., Bird, A., Repression of genes by DNA methylation depends on CpG density and promoter strength: evidence for involvement of a methyl-CpG binding protein. EMBO J. 11:1 (1992), 327–333.
    • (1992) EMBO J. , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 327-333
    • Boyes, J.1    Bird, A.2
  • 61
    • 34047116826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution, silencing potential and evolutionary impact of promoter DNA methylation in the human genome
    • Weber, M., Hellmann, I., Stadler, M.B., Ramos, L., Paabo, S., Rebhan, M., et al. Distribution, silencing potential and evolutionary impact of promoter DNA methylation in the human genome. Nat. Genet. 39:4 (2007), 457–466.
    • (2007) Nat. Genet. , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. 457-466
    • Weber, M.1    Hellmann, I.2    Stadler, M.B.3    Ramos, L.4    Paabo, S.5    Rebhan, M.6
  • 62
    • 79960927422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased methylation variation in epigenetic domains across cancer types
    • 768–U77
    • Hansen, K.D., Timp, W., Bravo, H.C., Sabunciyan, S., Langmead, B., McDonald, O.G., et al. Increased methylation variation in epigenetic domains across cancer types. Nat. Genet., 43(8), 2011 768–U77.
    • (2011) Nat. Genet. , vol.43 , Issue.8
    • Hansen, K.D.1    Timp, W.2    Bravo, H.C.3    Sabunciyan, S.4    Langmead, B.5    McDonald, O.G.6
  • 63
    • 84924407381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrative multi-scale analysis of the dynamic DNA methylation landscape in aging
    • Yuan, T., Jiao, Y.M., de Jong, S., Ophoff, R.A., Beck, S., Teschendorff, A.E., An integrative multi-scale analysis of the dynamic DNA methylation landscape in aging. PLoS Genet., 11(2), 2015.
    • (2015) PLoS Genet. , vol.11 , Issue.2
    • Yuan, T.1    Jiao, Y.M.2    de Jong, S.3    Ophoff, R.A.4    Beck, S.5    Teschendorff, A.E.6
  • 64
    • 84969988867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic drift, epigenetic clocks and cancer risk
    • Zheng, S.C., Widschwendter, M., Teschendorff, A.E., Epigenetic drift, epigenetic clocks and cancer risk. Epigenomics 8:5 (2016), 705–719.
    • (2016) Epigenomics , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 705-719
    • Zheng, S.C.1    Widschwendter, M.2    Teschendorff, A.E.3
  • 65
    • 0343621494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aberrant CpG-island methylation has non-random and tumour-type-specific patterns
    • Costello, J.F., Fruhwald, M.C., Smiraglia, D.J., Rush, L.J., Robertson, G.P., Gao, X., et al. Aberrant CpG-island methylation has non-random and tumour-type-specific patterns. Nat. Genet. 24:2 (2000), 132–138.
    • (2000) Nat. Genet. , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 132-138
    • Costello, J.F.1    Fruhwald, M.C.2    Smiraglia, D.J.3    Rush, L.J.4    Robertson, G.P.5    Gao, X.6
  • 66
    • 70149099610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging and environmental exposures alter tissue-Specific DNA methylation dependent upon CpG island context
    • Christensen, B.C., Houseman, E.A., Marsit, C.J., Zheng, S., Wrensch, M.R., Wiemels, J.L., et al. Aging and environmental exposures alter tissue-Specific DNA methylation dependent upon CpG island context. PLoS Genet., 5(8), 2009, e1000602.
    • (2009) PLoS Genet. , vol.5 , Issue.8 , pp. e1000602
    • Christensen, B.C.1    Houseman, E.A.2    Marsit, C.J.3    Zheng, S.4    Wrensch, M.R.5    Wiemels, J.L.6
  • 67
    • 84886111619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types
    • Horvath, S., DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types. Genome Biol. 14:10 (2013), 1–20.
    • (2013) Genome Biol. , vol.14 , Issue.10 , pp. 1-20
    • Horvath, S.1
  • 68
    • 77950650405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-dependent DNA methylation of genes that are suppressed in stem cells is a hallmark of cancer
    • Teschendorff, A.E., Menon, U., Gentry-Maharaj, A., Ramus, S.J., Weisenberger, D.J., Shen, H., et al. Age-dependent DNA methylation of genes that are suppressed in stem cells is a hallmark of cancer. Genome Res. 20:4 (2010), 440–446.
    • (2010) Genome Res. , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 440-446
    • Teschendorff, A.E.1    Menon, U.2    Gentry-Maharaj, A.3    Ramus, S.J.4    Weisenberger, D.J.5    Shen, H.6
  • 69
    • 77950657253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human aging-associated DNA hypermethylation occurs preferentially at bivalent chromatin domains
    • Rakyan, V.K., Down, T.A., Maslau, S., Andrew, T., Yang, T.-P., Beyan, H., et al. Human aging-associated DNA hypermethylation occurs preferentially at bivalent chromatin domains. Genome Res. 20:4 (2010), 434–439.
    • (2010) Genome Res. , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 434-439
    • Rakyan, V.K.1    Down, T.A.2    Maslau, S.3    Andrew, T.4    Yang, T.-P.5    Beyan, H.6
  • 70
    • 33846569960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A stem cell-like chromatin pattern may predispose tumor suppressor genes to DNA hypermethylation and heritable silencing
    • Ohm, J.E., McGarvey, K.M., Yu, X., Cheng, L., Schuebel, K.E., Cope, L., et al. A stem cell-like chromatin pattern may predispose tumor suppressor genes to DNA hypermethylation and heritable silencing. Nat. Genet. 39:2 (2007), 237–242.
    • (2007) Nat. Genet. , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 237-242
    • Ohm, J.E.1    McGarvey, K.M.2    Yu, X.3    Cheng, L.4    Schuebel, K.E.5    Cope, L.6
  • 71
    • 47649100711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA polymerases and human disease
    • Loeb, L.A., Monnat, R.J., DNA polymerases and human disease. Nat. Rev. Genet. 9:8 (2008), 594–604.
    • (2008) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.9 , Issue.8 , pp. 594-604
    • Loeb, L.A.1    Monnat, R.J.2
  • 72
    • 84973428915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental pollution and DNA methylation: carcinogenesis, clinical significance, and practical applications
    • Cao, Y., Environmental pollution and DNA methylation: carcinogenesis, clinical significance, and practical applications. Front. Med. 9:3 (2015), 261–274.
    • (2015) Front. Med. , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 261-274
    • Cao, Y.1
  • 73
    • 84866740172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental epigenetics: prospects for studying epigenetic mediation of exposure-response relationships
    • Cortessis, V.K., Thomas, D.C., Levine, A.J., Breton, C.V., Mack, T.M., Siegmund, K.D., et al. Environmental epigenetics: prospects for studying epigenetic mediation of exposure-response relationships. Hum. Genet. 131:10 (2012), 1565–1589.
    • (2012) Hum. Genet. , vol.131 , Issue.10 , pp. 1565-1589
    • Cortessis, V.K.1    Thomas, D.C.2    Levine, A.J.3    Breton, C.V.4    Mack, T.M.5    Siegmund, K.D.6
  • 74
    • 84855956247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetics and the environment: emerging patterns and implications
    • Feil, R., Fraga, M.F., Epigenetics and the environment: emerging patterns and implications. Nat. Rev. Genet. 13:2 (2012), 97–109.
    • (2012) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 97-109
    • Feil, R.1    Fraga, M.F.2
  • 76
    • 84962815502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic alterations induced by genotoxic occupational and environmental human chemical carcinogens: a systematic literature review
    • Chappell, G., Pogribny, I.P., Guyton, K.Z., Rusyn, I., Epigenetic alterations induced by genotoxic occupational and environmental human chemical carcinogens: a systematic literature review. Mutat. Res. Rev. Mutat. Res. 768 (2016), 27–45.
    • (2016) Mutat. Res. Rev. Mutat. Res. , vol.768 , pp. 27-45
    • Chappell, G.1    Pogribny, I.P.2    Guyton, K.Z.3    Rusyn, I.4
  • 80
    • 84901479665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet, the gut microbiome, and epigenetics
    • Hullar, M.A.J., Fu, B.C., Diet, the gut microbiome, and epigenetics. Cancer J. 20:3 (2014), 170–175.
    • (2014) Cancer J. , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 170-175
    • Hullar, M.A.J.1    Fu, B.C.2
  • 81
    • 79955675256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet induced epigenetic changes and their implications for health
    • McKay, J.A., Mathers, J.C., Diet induced epigenetic changes and their implications for health. Acta Physiol. 202:2 (2011), 103–118.
    • (2011) Acta Physiol. , vol.202 , Issue.2 , pp. 103-118
    • McKay, J.A.1    Mathers, J.C.2
  • 82
    • 84865965354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic alterations in ultraviolet radiation-induced skin carcinogenesis: interaction of bioactive dietary components on epigenetic targets()
    • Katiyar, S.K., Singh, T., Prasad, R., Sun, Q., Vaid, M., Epigenetic alterations in ultraviolet radiation-induced skin carcinogenesis: interaction of bioactive dietary components on epigenetic targets(). Photochem. Photobiol. 88:5 (2012), 1066–1074.
    • (2012) Photochem. Photobiol. , vol.88 , Issue.5 , pp. 1066-1074
    • Katiyar, S.K.1    Singh, T.2    Prasad, R.3    Sun, Q.4    Vaid, M.5
  • 83
    • 77949388455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral epigenomes in human tumorigenesis
    • Fernandez, A.F., Esteller, M., Viral epigenomes in human tumorigenesis. Oncogene 29:10 (2010), 1405–1420.
    • (2010) Oncogene , vol.29 , Issue.10 , pp. 1405-1420
    • Fernandez, A.F.1    Esteller, M.2
  • 84
    • 24344465856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic changes in virus-associated human cancers
    • Li, H.P., Leu, Y.W., Chang, Y.S., Epigenetic changes in virus-associated human cancers. Cell Res. 15:4 (2005), 262–271.
    • (2005) Cell Res. , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 262-271
    • Li, H.P.1    Leu, Y.W.2    Chang, Y.S.3
  • 85
    • 84961218734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic modulators, modifiers and mediators in cancer aetiology and progression
    • Feinberg, A.P., Koldobskiy, M.A., Gondor, A., Epigenetic modulators, modifiers and mediators in cancer aetiology and progression. Nat. Rev. Genet. 17:5 (2016), 284–299.
    • (2016) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 284-299
    • Feinberg, A.P.1    Koldobskiy, M.A.2    Gondor, A.3
  • 86
    • 84886099830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in regulators of the epigenome and their connections to global chromatin patterns in cancer
    • Plass, C., Pfister, S.M., Lindroth, A.M., Bogatyrova, O., Claus, R., Lichter, P., Mutations in regulators of the epigenome and their connections to global chromatin patterns in cancer. Nat. Rev. Genet. 14:11 (2013), 765–780.
    • (2013) Nat. Rev. Genet. , vol.14 , Issue.11 , pp. 765-780
    • Plass, C.1    Pfister, S.M.2    Lindroth, A.M.3    Bogatyrova, O.4    Claus, R.5    Lichter, P.6
  • 89
    • 84858796263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IDH1 mutation is sufficient to establish the glioma hypermethylator phenotype
    • Turcan, S., Rohle, D., Goenka, A., Walsh, L.A., Fang, F., Yilmaz, E., et al. IDH1 mutation is sufficient to establish the glioma hypermethylator phenotype. Nature 483:7390 (2012), 479–483.
    • (2012) Nature , vol.483 , Issue.7390 , pp. 479-483
    • Turcan, S.1    Rohle, D.2    Goenka, A.3    Walsh, L.A.4    Fang, F.5    Yilmaz, E.6
  • 91
    • 78650019179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leukemic IDH1 and IDH2 mutations result in a hypermethylation phenotype, disrupt TET2 function, and impair hematopoietic differentiation
    • Figueroa, M.E., Abdel-Wahab, O., Lu, C., Ward, P.S., Patel, J., Shih, A., et al. Leukemic IDH1 and IDH2 mutations result in a hypermethylation phenotype, disrupt TET2 function, and impair hematopoietic differentiation. Cancer Cell 18:6 (2010), 553–567.
    • (2010) Cancer Cell , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 553-567
    • Figueroa, M.E.1    Abdel-Wahab, O.2    Lu, C.3    Ward, P.S.4    Patel, J.5    Shih, A.6
  • 92
    • 84898740640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A KRAS-directed transcriptional silencing pathway that mediates the CpG island methylator phenotype
    • Serra, R.W., Fang, M., Park, S.M., Hutchinson, L., Green, M.R., A KRAS-directed transcriptional silencing pathway that mediates the CpG island methylator phenotype. eLife, 3, 2014, e02313.
    • (2014) eLife , vol.3 , pp. e02313
    • Serra, R.W.1    Fang, M.2    Park, S.M.3    Hutchinson, L.4    Green, M.R.5
  • 93
    • 84881297457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATM mediates pRB function to control DNMT1 protein stability and DNA methylation
    • Shamma, A., Suzuki, M., Hayashi, N., Kobayashi, M., Sasaki, N., Nishiuchi, T., et al. ATM mediates pRB function to control DNMT1 protein stability and DNA methylation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 33:16 (2013), 3113–3124.
    • (2013) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.33 , Issue.16 , pp. 3113-3124
    • Shamma, A.1    Suzuki, M.2    Hayashi, N.3    Kobayashi, M.4    Sasaki, N.5    Nishiuchi, T.6
  • 94
    • 84994715829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of smoking-associated dna methylation changes in buccal cells with dna methylation changes in epithelial cancer
    • Teschendorff, A.E., Yang, Z., Wong, A., et al. Correlation of smoking-associated dna methylation changes in buccal cells with dna methylation changes in epithelial cancer. JAMA Oncol. 1:4 (2015), 476–485.
    • (2015) JAMA Oncol. , vol.1 , Issue.4 , pp. 476-485
    • Teschendorff, A.E.1    Yang, Z.2    Wong, A.3
  • 95
    • 84928804897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of replication on epigenetic memory and consequences on gene transcription
    • Mehari, B.Z., Cédric, V., Daniel, J., Effect of replication on epigenetic memory and consequences on gene transcription. Phys. Biol., 12(2), 2015, 026007.
    • (2015) Phys. Biol. , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 026007
    • Mehari, B.Z.1    Cédric, V.2    Daniel, J.3
  • 96
    • 84860572791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenome-wide scans identify differentially methylated regions for age and age-related phenotypes in a healthy ageing population
    • Bell, J.T., Tsai, P.C., Yang, T.P., Pidsley, R., Nisbet, J., Glass, D., et al. Epigenome-wide scans identify differentially methylated regions for age and age-related phenotypes in a healthy ageing population. PLoS Genet., 8, 2012.
    • (2012) PLoS Genet. , vol.8
    • Bell, J.T.1    Tsai, P.C.2    Yang, T.P.3    Pidsley, R.4    Nisbet, J.5    Glass, D.6
  • 98
    • 84858828509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic variability in cells of normal cytology is associated with the risk of future morphological transformation
    • Teschendorff, A., Jones, A., Fiegl, H., Sargent, A., Zhuang, J., Kitchener, H., et al. Epigenetic variability in cells of normal cytology is associated with the risk of future morphological transformation. Genome. Med., 4, 2012.
    • (2012) Genome. Med. , vol.4
    • Teschendorff, A.1    Jones, A.2    Fiegl, H.3    Sargent, A.4    Zhuang, J.5    Kitchener, H.6
  • 99
    • 84861391922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA methylation screening identifies driver epigenetic events of cancer cell survival
    • De Carvalho, D.D., Sharma, S., You, J.S., Su, S.-F., Taberlay, P.C., Kelly, T.K., et al. DNA methylation screening identifies driver epigenetic events of cancer cell survival. Cancer Cell 21:5 (2012), 655–667.
    • (2012) Cancer Cell , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 655-667
    • De Carvalho, D.D.1    Sharma, S.2    You, J.S.3    Su, S.-F.4    Taberlay, P.C.5    Kelly, T.K.6
  • 100
    • 84862761661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetics: dissecting driving DNA methylations
    • Burgess, D.J., Epigenetics: dissecting driving DNA methylations. Nat. Rev. Cancer 12:7 (2012), 448–449.
    • (2012) Nat. Rev. Cancer , vol.12 , Issue.7 , pp. 448-449
    • Burgess, D.J.1
  • 101
    • 84883321286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinctive topology of age-associated epigenetic drift in the human interactome
    • West, J., Widschwendter, M., Teschendorff, A.E., Distinctive topology of age-associated epigenetic drift in the human interactome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 110:35 (2013), 14138–14143.
    • (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.110 , Issue.35 , pp. 14138-14143
    • West, J.1    Widschwendter, M.2    Teschendorff, A.E.3
  • 103
    • 84966386457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of gene transcription by Polycomb proteins
    • Aranda, S., Mas, G., Di Croce, L., Regulation of gene transcription by Polycomb proteins. Sci. Adv., 1(11), 2015, e1500737.
    • (2015) Sci. Adv. , vol.1 , Issue.11 , pp. e1500737
    • Aranda, S.1    Mas, G.2    Di Croce, L.3
  • 104
    • 84912127424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redundant mechanisms to form silent chromatin at pericentromeric regions rely on BEND3 and DNA methylation
    • Saksouk, N., Barth, Teresa K., Ziegler-Birling, C., Olova, N., Nowak, A., Rey, E., et al. Redundant mechanisms to form silent chromatin at pericentromeric regions rely on BEND3 and DNA methylation. Mol. Cell 56:4 (2014), 580–594.
    • (2014) Mol. Cell , vol.56 , Issue.4 , pp. 580-594
    • Saksouk, N.1    Barth, T.K.2    Ziegler-Birling, C.3    Olova, N.4    Nowak, A.5    Rey, E.6
  • 105
    • 84872732113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA methylation alterations exhibit intraindividual stability and interindividual heterogeneity in prostate cancer metastases
    • 169ra10–169ra10
    • Aryee, M.J., Liu, W., Engelmann, J.C., Nuhn, P., Gurel, M., Haffner, M.C., et al. DNA methylation alterations exhibit intraindividual stability and interindividual heterogeneity in prostate cancer metastases. Sci. Transl. Med., 5(169), 2013 169ra10–169ra10.
    • (2013) Sci. Transl. Med. , vol.5 , Issue.169
    • Aryee, M.J.1    Liu, W.2    Engelmann, J.C.3    Nuhn, P.4    Gurel, M.5    Haffner, M.C.6
  • 106
    • 84962707515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intratumoral heterogeneity of the epigenome
    • Mazor, T., Pankov, A., Song, Jun S., Costello, Joseph F., Intratumoral heterogeneity of the epigenome. Cancer Cell 29:4 (2016), 440–451.
    • (2016) Cancer Cell , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 440-451
    • Mazor, T.1    Pankov, A.2    Song, J.S.3    Costello, J.F.4
  • 107
    • 84901853867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer epigenetics: tumor heterogeneity, plasticity of stem-like states, and drug resistance
    • Easwaran, H., Tsai, H.-C., Baylin, S.B., Cancer epigenetics: tumor heterogeneity, plasticity of stem-like states, and drug resistance. Mol. Cell 54:5 (2014), 716–727.
    • (2014) Mol. Cell , vol.54 , Issue.5 , pp. 716-727
    • Easwaran, H.1    Tsai, H.-C.2    Baylin, S.B.3
  • 108
    • 84887456252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epigenetics of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in cancer
    • Tam, W.L., Weinberg, R.A., The epigenetics of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in cancer. Nat. Med. 19:11 (2013), 1438–1449.
    • (2013) Nat. Med. , vol.19 , Issue.11 , pp. 1438-1449
    • Tam, W.L.1    Weinberg, R.A.2
  • 109
    • 84945558568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in correlation between promoter methylation and gene expression in cancer
    • Moarii, M., Boeva, V., Vert, J.-P., Reyal, F., Changes in correlation between promoter methylation and gene expression in cancer. BMC Genomics 16:1 (2015), 1–14.
    • (2015) BMC Genomics , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-14
    • Moarii, M.1    Boeva, V.2    Vert, J.-P.3    Reyal, F.4
  • 110
    • 0032578509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aberrant methylation of p16INK4a is an early event in lung cancer and a potential biomarker for early diagnosis
    • Belinsky, S.A., Nikula, K.J., Palmisano, W.A., Michels, R., Saccomanno, G., Gabrielson, E., et al. Aberrant methylation of p16INK4a is an early event in lung cancer and a potential biomarker for early diagnosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95:20 (1998), 11891–11896.
    • (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.95 , Issue.20 , pp. 11891-11896
    • Belinsky, S.A.1    Nikula, K.J.2    Palmisano, W.A.3    Michels, R.4    Saccomanno, G.5    Gabrielson, E.6
  • 111
    • 12144291274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic inactivation of SFRP genes allows constitutive WNT signaling in colorectal cancer
    • Suzuki, H., Watkins, D.N., Jair, K.-W., Schuebel, K.E., Markowitz, S.D., Dong Chen, W., et al. Epigenetic inactivation of SFRP genes allows constitutive WNT signaling in colorectal cancer. Nat. Genet. 36:4 (2004), 417–422.
    • (2004) Nat. Genet. , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 417-422
    • Suzuki, H.1    Watkins, D.N.2    Jair, K.-W.3    Schuebel, K.E.4    Markowitz, S.D.5    Dong Chen, W.6
  • 112
    • 2942584857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SOCS1 and SHP1 hypermethylation in multiple myeloma: implications for epigenetic activation of the Jak/STAT pathway
    • Chim, C.-S., Fung, T.-K., Cheung, W.-C., Liang, R., Kwong, Y.-L., SOCS1 and SHP1 hypermethylation in multiple myeloma: implications for epigenetic activation of the Jak/STAT pathway. Blood 103:12 (2004), 4630–4635.
    • (2004) Blood , vol.103 , Issue.12 , pp. 4630-4635
    • Chim, C.-S.1    Fung, T.-K.2    Cheung, W.-C.3    Liang, R.4    Kwong, Y.-L.5
  • 115
    • 77649104794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reprogramming towards pluripotency requires AID-dependent DNA demethylation
    • Bhutani, N., Brady, J.J., Damian, M., Sacco, A., Corbel, S.Y., Blau, H.M., Reprogramming towards pluripotency requires AID-dependent DNA demethylation. Nature 463:7284 (2010), 1042–1047.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.463 , Issue.7284 , pp. 1042-1047
    • Bhutani, N.1    Brady, J.J.2    Damian, M.3    Sacco, A.4    Corbel, S.Y.5    Blau, H.M.6
  • 116
    • 84878212459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • OCT4 is epigenetically regulated by DNA hypomethylation of promoter and exon in primary gliomas
    • Shi, J.L., Shi, W., Ni, L.C., Xu, X.D., Su, X., Xia, L., et al. OCT4 is epigenetically regulated by DNA hypomethylation of promoter and exon in primary gliomas. Oncol. Rep. 30:1 (2013), 201–206.
    • (2013) Oncol. Rep. , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 201-206
    • Shi, J.L.1    Shi, W.2    Ni, L.C.3    Xu, X.D.4    Su, X.5    Xia, L.6
  • 117
    • 84865486793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early-stage epigenetic modification during somatic cell reprogramming by Parp1 and Tet2
    • Doege, C.A., Inoue, K., Yamashita, T., Rhee, D.B., Travis, S., Fujita, R., et al. Early-stage epigenetic modification during somatic cell reprogramming by Parp1 and Tet2. Nature 488:7413 (2012), 652–655.
    • (2012) Nature , vol.488 , Issue.7413 , pp. 652-655
    • Doege, C.A.1    Inoue, K.2    Yamashita, T.3    Rhee, D.B.4    Travis, S.5    Fujita, R.6
  • 118
    • 77951460399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic regulation of cancer stem cell marker CD133 by transforming growth factor-β
    • You, H., Ding, W., Rountree, C.B., Epigenetic regulation of cancer stem cell marker CD133 by transforming growth factor-β. Hepatology 51:5 (2010), 1635–1644.
    • (2010) Hepatology , vol.51 , Issue.5 , pp. 1635-1644
    • You, H.1    Ding, W.2    Rountree, C.B.3
  • 119
    • 84964240053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological and therapeutic impact of intratumor heterogeneity in cancer evolution
    • McGranahan, N., Swanton, C., Biological and therapeutic impact of intratumor heterogeneity in cancer evolution. Cancer Cell 27:1 (2015), 15–26.
    • (2015) Cancer Cell , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-26
    • McGranahan, N.1    Swanton, C.2
  • 120
    • 84901840587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonal intratumor heterogeneity of promoter hypermethylation in breast cancer by MS-MLPA
    • Moelans, C.B., de Groot, J.S., Pan, X., van der Wall, E., van Diest, P.J., Clonal intratumor heterogeneity of promoter hypermethylation in breast cancer by MS-MLPA. Mod. Pathol. 27:6 (2014), 869–874.
    • (2014) Mod. Pathol. , vol.27 , Issue.6 , pp. 869-874
    • Moelans, C.B.1    de Groot, J.S.2    Pan, X.3    van der Wall, E.4    van Diest, P.J.5
  • 121
    • 63849149890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inferring clonal expansion and cancer stem cell dynamics from DNA methylation patterns in colorectal cancers
    • Siegmund, K.D., Marjoram, P., Woo, Y.-J., Tavaré, S., Shibata, D., Inferring clonal expansion and cancer stem cell dynamics from DNA methylation patterns in colorectal cancers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 106:12 (2009), 4828–4833.
    • (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.106 , Issue.12 , pp. 4828-4833
    • Siegmund, K.D.1    Marjoram, P.2    Woo, Y.-J.3    Tavaré, S.4    Shibata, D.5
  • 123
    • 84907562669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive DNA methylation profile of epithelial-to-Mesenchymal transition
    • Carmona, F.J., Davalos, V., Vidal, E., Gomez, A., Heyn, H., Hashimoto, Y., et al. A comprehensive DNA methylation profile of epithelial-to-Mesenchymal transition. Cancer Res. 74:19 (2014), 5608–5619.
    • (2014) Cancer Res. , vol.74 , Issue.19 , pp. 5608-5619
    • Carmona, F.J.1    Davalos, V.2    Vidal, E.3    Gomez, A.4    Heyn, H.5    Hashimoto, Y.6
  • 124
    • 85029812883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity and evolution of DNA methylation In chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
    • 1626–1626
    • Claus, R., Gu, L., Assenov, Y., Hüllein, J., Zucknick, M., Brocks, D., et al. Heterogeneity and evolution of DNA methylation In chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Blood, 122(21), 2013 1626–1626.
    • (2013) Blood , vol.122 , Issue.21
    • Claus, R.1    Gu, L.2    Assenov, Y.3    Hüllein, J.4    Zucknick, M.5    Brocks, D.6
  • 125
    • 84895783051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of DNA methylation is linked to genetic aberrations in chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
    • Oakes, C.C., Claus, R., Gu, L., Assenov, Y., Hüllein, J., Zucknick, M., et al. Evolution of DNA methylation is linked to genetic aberrations in chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancer Discovery 4:3 (2014), 348–361.
    • (2014) Cancer Discovery , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 348-361
    • Oakes, C.C.1    Claus, R.2    Gu, L.3    Assenov, Y.4    Hüllein, J.5    Zucknick, M.6
  • 126
    • 0026546877 scopus 로고
    • A genomic sequencing protocol that yields a positive display of 5-Methylcytosine residues in individual DNA strands
    • Frommer, M., Mcdonald, L.E., Millar, D.S., Collis, C.M., Watt, F., Grigg, G.W., et al. A genomic sequencing protocol that yields a positive display of 5-Methylcytosine residues in individual DNA strands. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 89:5 (1992), 1827–1831.
    • (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.89 , Issue.5 , pp. 1827-1831
    • Frommer, M.1    Mcdonald, L.E.2    Millar, D.S.3    Collis, C.M.4    Watt, F.5    Grigg, G.W.6
  • 127
    • 4544293301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative DNA methylation analysis based on four-dye trace data from direct sequencing of PCR amplificates
    • Lewin, J., Schmitt, A.O., Adorjan, P., Hildmann, T., Piepenbrock, C., Quantitative DNA methylation analysis based on four-dye trace data from direct sequencing of PCR amplificates. Bioinformatics 20:17 (2004), 3005–3012.
    • (2004) Bioinformatics , vol.20 , Issue.17 , pp. 3005-3012
    • Lewin, J.1    Schmitt, A.O.2    Adorjan, P.3    Hildmann, T.4    Piepenbrock, C.5
  • 128
    • 0038678777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitive and quantitative universal Pyrosequencing methylation analysis of CpG sites
    • Colella, S., Shen, L., Baggerly, K.A., Issa, J.P., Krahe, R., Sensitive and quantitative universal Pyrosequencing methylation analysis of CpG sites. Biotechniques 35:1 (2003), 146–150.
    • (2003) Biotechniques , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 146-150
    • Colella, S.1    Shen, L.2    Baggerly, K.A.3    Issa, J.P.4    Krahe, R.5
  • 129
    • 34548734299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultradeep bisulfite sequencing analysis of DNA methylation patterns in multiple gene promoters by 454 sequencing
    • Taylor, K.H., Kramer, R.S., Davis, J.W., Guo, J., Duff, D.J., Xu, D., et al. Ultradeep bisulfite sequencing analysis of DNA methylation patterns in multiple gene promoters by 454 sequencing. Cancer Res. 67:18 (2007), 8511–8518.
    • (2007) Cancer Res. , vol.67 , Issue.18 , pp. 8511-8518
    • Taylor, K.H.1    Kramer, R.S.2    Davis, J.W.3    Guo, J.4    Duff, D.J.5    Xu, D.6
  • 131
    • 0033566692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of aberrant p16 methylation using real-time quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction
    • Lo, Y.M., Wong, I.H., Zhang, J., Tein, M.S., Ng, M.H., Hjelm, N.M., Quantitative analysis of aberrant p16 methylation using real-time quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Cancer Res. 59:16 (1999), 3899–3903.
    • (1999) Cancer Res. , vol.59 , Issue.16 , pp. 3899-3903
    • Lo, Y.M.1    Wong, I.H.2    Zhang, J.3    Tein, M.S.4    Ng, M.H.5    Hjelm, N.M.6
  • 133
    • 34247849498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylation-sensitive high resolution melting (MS-HRM): a new approach for sensitive and high-throughput assessment of methylation
    • Wojdacz, T.K., Dobrovic, A., Methylation-sensitive high resolution melting (MS-HRM): a new approach for sensitive and high-throughput assessment of methylation. Nucleic Acids Res., 35(6), 2007, e41.
    • (2007) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.35 , Issue.6 , pp. e41
    • Wojdacz, T.K.1    Dobrovic, A.2
  • 134
    • 82755177532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid assessment of the heterogeneous methylation status of CEBPA in patients with acute Myeloid Leukemia by using high-resolution melting profile
    • Lin, T.C., Jiang, S.S., Chou, W.C., Hou, H.A., Lin, Y.M., Chang, C.L., et al. Rapid assessment of the heterogeneous methylation status of CEBPA in patients with acute Myeloid Leukemia by using high-resolution melting profile. J. Mol. Diagn. 13:5 (2011), 514–519.
    • (2011) J. Mol. Diagn. , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 514-519
    • Lin, T.C.1    Jiang, S.S.2    Chou, W.C.3    Hou, H.A.4    Lin, Y.M.5    Chang, C.L.6
  • 135
    • 68149157845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid analysis of heterogeneously methylated DNA using digital methylation-sensitive high resolution melting: application to the CDKN2 B (p15) gene
    • Candiloro, I.L.M., Mikeska, T., Hokland, P., Dobrovic, A., Rapid analysis of heterogeneously methylated DNA using digital methylation-sensitive high resolution melting: application to the CDKN2 B (p15) gene. Epigenet. Chromatin., 1, 2008.
    • (2008) Epigenet. Chromatin. , vol.1
    • Candiloro, I.L.M.1    Mikeska, T.2    Hokland, P.3    Dobrovic, A.4
  • 136
    • 84964556069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DREAMing: a simple and ultrasensitive method for assessing intratumor epigenetic heterogeneity directly from liquid biopsies
    • Pisanic, T.R., Athamanolap, P., Poh, W., Chen, C., Hulbert, A., Brock, M.V., et al. DREAMing: a simple and ultrasensitive method for assessing intratumor epigenetic heterogeneity directly from liquid biopsies. Nucleic Acids Res., 43(22), 2015.
    • (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.43 , Issue.22
    • Pisanic, T.R.1    Athamanolap, P.2    Poh, W.3    Chen, C.4    Hulbert, A.5    Brock, M.V.6
  • 137
    • 79959353421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection and quantification of rare mutations with massively parallel sequencing
    • Kinde, I., Wu, J., Papadopoulos, N., Kinzler, K.W., Vogelstein, B., Detection and quantification of rare mutations with massively parallel sequencing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108:23 (2011), 9530–9535.
    • (2011) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.108 , Issue.23 , pp. 9530-9535
    • Kinde, I.1    Wu, J.2    Papadopoulos, N.3    Kinzler, K.W.4    Vogelstein, B.5
  • 139
    • 70450217879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human DNA methylomes at base resolution show widespread epigenomic differences
    • Lister, R., Pelizzola, M., Dowen, R.H., Hawkins, R.D., Hon, G., Tonti-Filippini, J., et al. Human DNA methylomes at base resolution show widespread epigenomic differences. Nature 462:7271 (2009), 315–322.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.462 , Issue.7271 , pp. 315-322
    • Lister, R.1    Pelizzola, M.2    Dowen, R.H.3    Hawkins, R.D.4    Hon, G.5    Tonti-Filippini, J.6
  • 140
    • 84655162785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regions of focal DNA hypermethylation and long-range hypomethylation in colorectal cancer coincide with nuclear lamina-associated domains
    • Berman, B.P., Weisenberger, D.J., Aman, J.F., Hinoue, T., Ramjan, Z., Liu, Y.P., et al. Regions of focal DNA hypermethylation and long-range hypomethylation in colorectal cancer coincide with nuclear lamina-associated domains. Nat. Genet. 44:1 (2012), 40–U62.
    • (2012) Nat. Genet. , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 40-U62
    • Berman, B.P.1    Weisenberger, D.J.2    Aman, J.F.3    Hinoue, T.4    Ramjan, Z.5    Liu, Y.P.6
  • 142
    • 84882884517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Charting a dynamic DNA methylation landscape of the human genome
    • Ziller, M.J., Gu, H.C., Muller, F., Donaghey, J., Tsai, L.T.Y., Kohlbacher, O., et al. Charting a dynamic DNA methylation landscape of the human genome. Nature 500:7463 (2013), 477–481.
    • (2013) Nature , vol.500 , Issue.7463 , pp. 477-481
    • Ziller, M.J.1    Gu, H.C.2    Muller, F.3    Donaghey, J.4    Tsai, L.T.Y.5    Kohlbacher, O.6
  • 143
    • 27144500218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing for comparative high-resolution DNA methylation analysis
    • Meissner, A., Gnirke, A., Bell, G.W., Ramsahoye, B., Lander, E.S., Jaenisch, R., Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing for comparative high-resolution DNA methylation analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 33:18 (2005), 5868–5877.
    • (2005) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.33 , Issue.18 , pp. 5868-5877
    • Meissner, A.1    Gnirke, A.2    Bell, G.W.3    Ramsahoye, B.4    Lander, E.S.5    Jaenisch, R.6
  • 144
    • 84890526238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-cell methylome landscapes of mouse embryonic stem cells and early embryos analyzed using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing
    • Guo, H.S., Zhu, P., Wu, X.L., Li, X.L., Wen, L., Tang, F.C., Single-cell methylome landscapes of mouse embryonic stem cells and early embryos analyzed using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Genome Res. 23:12 (2013), 2126–2135.
    • (2013) Genome Res. , vol.23 , Issue.12 , pp. 2126-2135
    • Guo, H.S.1    Zhu, P.2    Wu, X.L.3    Li, X.L.4    Wen, L.5    Tang, F.C.6
  • 145
    • 84905405443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-cell genome-wide bisulfite sequencing for assessing epigenetic heterogeneity
    • Smallwood, S.A., Lee, H.J., Angermueller, C., Krueger, F., Saadeh, H., Peat, J., et al. Single-cell genome-wide bisulfite sequencing for assessing epigenetic heterogeneity. Nat. Methods 11:8 (2014), 817–820.
    • (2014) Nat. Methods , vol.11 , Issue.8 , pp. 817-820
    • Smallwood, S.A.1    Lee, H.J.2    Angermueller, C.3    Krueger, F.4    Saadeh, H.5    Peat, J.6
  • 146
    • 84924601067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-cell DNA methylome sequencing and bioinformatic inference of epigenomic cell-State dynamics
    • Farlik, M., Sheffield, N.C., Nuzzo, A., Datlinger, P., Schonegger, A., Klughammer, J., et al. Single-cell DNA methylome sequencing and bioinformatic inference of epigenomic cell-State dynamics. Cell Rep. 10:8 (2015), 1386–1397.
    • (2015) Cell Rep. , vol.10 , Issue.8 , pp. 1386-1397
    • Farlik, M.1    Sheffield, N.C.2    Nuzzo, A.3    Datlinger, P.4    Schonegger, A.5    Klughammer, J.6
  • 147
    • 84892920228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterizing DNA methylation alterations from the cancer genome atlas
    • Weisenberger, D.J., Characterizing DNA methylation alterations from the cancer genome atlas. J. Clin. Invest. 124:1 (2014), 17–23.
    • (2014) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.124 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-23
    • Weisenberger, D.J.1
  • 148
    • 84874353239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of cross-reactive probes and polymorphic CpGs in the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 microarray
    • Chen, Y.A., Lemire, M., Choufani, S., Butcher, D.T., Grafodatskaya, D., Zanke, B.W., et al. Discovery of cross-reactive probes and polymorphic CpGs in the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 microarray. Epigenetics 8:2 (2013), 203–209.
    • (2013) Epigenetics , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 203-209
    • Chen, Y.A.1    Lemire, M.2    Choufani, S.3    Butcher, D.T.4    Grafodatskaya, D.5    Zanke, B.W.6
  • 149
    • 84962545867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of a DNA methylation microarray for 850,000 CpG sites of the human genome enriched in enhancer sequences
    • Moran, S., Arribas, C., Esteller, M., Validation of a DNA methylation microarray for 850,000 CpG sites of the human genome enriched in enhancer sequences. Epigenomics 8:3 (2016), 389–399.
    • (2016) Epigenomics , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 389-399
    • Moran, S.1    Arribas, C.2    Esteller, M.3
  • 150
    • 58149234737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-time DNA sequencing from single polymerase molecules
    • Eid, J., Fehr, A., Gray, J., Luong, K., Lyle, J., Otto, G., et al. Real-time DNA sequencing from single polymerase molecules. Science 323:5910 (2009), 133–138.
    • (2009) Science , vol.323 , Issue.5910 , pp. 133-138
    • Eid, J.1    Fehr, A.2    Gray, J.3    Luong, K.4    Lyle, J.5    Otto, G.6
  • 151
    • 77952967431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct detection of DNA methylation during single-molecule, real-time sequencing
    • 461–U72
    • Flusberg, B.A., Webster, D.R., Lee, J.H., Travers, K.J., Olivares, E.C., Clark, T.A., et al. Direct detection of DNA methylation during single-molecule, real-time sequencing. Nat. Methods, 7(6), 2010 461–U72.
    • (2010) Nat. Methods , vol.7 , Issue.6
    • Flusberg, B.A.1    Webster, D.R.2    Lee, J.H.3    Travers, K.J.4    Olivares, E.C.5    Clark, T.A.6
  • 155
    • 84888101866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Error rates for nanopore discrimination among cytosine, methylcytosine, and hydroxymethylcytosine along individual DNA strands
    • Schreiber, J., Wescoe, Z.L., Abu-Shumays, R., Vivian, J.T., Baatar, B., Karplus, K., et al. Error rates for nanopore discrimination among cytosine, methylcytosine, and hydroxymethylcytosine along individual DNA strands. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110:47 (2013), 18910–18915.
    • (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.110 , Issue.47 , pp. 18910-18915
    • Schreiber, J.1    Wescoe, Z.L.2    Abu-Shumays, R.3    Vivian, J.T.4    Baatar, B.5    Karplus, K.6
  • 157
    • 85052182607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simpson, J.T., Workman, R., Zuzarte, P.C., David, M., Dursi, L.J., Timp, W., Detecting DNA methylation using the oxford nanopore technologies MinION sequencer. bioRxiv, 2016.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.