Understanding cultural differences in innovation: A conceptual framework and future research directions

Journal of International Marketing

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 1-29

  Kumar, V ^a,b  

^a Center for Excellence in Brand and Customer Management   (United States)

^b GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Culture; Diffusion of innovations; Innovation

Indexed keywords

EID: 84912093975     PISSN: 1069031X     EISSN: 15477215     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1509/jim.14.0043     Document Type: Article

References (154)

1. Adner, Ron and Daniel Levinthal (2001), "Demand Heterogeneity and Technology Evolution: Implications for Product and Process Innovation", Management Science, 47(5), 611-28.
2. Ahuja, Gautam and Riitta Katila (2004), "Where Do Resources Come From? The Role of Idiosyncratic Situations", Strategic Management Journal, 25(8/9), 887-907.
3. Ancona, Deborah Gladstein (1990), "Outward Bound: Strategies for Team Survival in an Organization", Academy of Management Journal, 33(2), 334-65.
4. Anderson, Eugene W., Claes Fornell, and Donald R. Lehmann (1994), "Customer Satisfaction, Market Share, and Profitability: Findings from Sweden", Journal of Marketing, 58(July), 53-66.
5. Audretsch, David B. and Maryann P. Feldman (1996), "R&D Spillovers and the Geography of Innovation and Production", American Economic Review, 86(3), 630-40.
6. Ayal, Lgal and Jehiel Zif (1979), "Market Expansion Strategies in Multinational Marketing", Journal of Marketing, 43(April), 84-94.
7. Baptista, Rui (2000), "Do Innovations Diffuse Faster Within Geographical Clusters?" International Journal of Industrial Organization, 18(3), 515-35.
8. Bass, Frank M. (1969), "A New Product Growth for Model Consumer Durables", Management Science, 15(1), 215-27.
9. Baumgarten, Steven A. (1975), "The Innovative Communicator in the Diffusion Process", Journal of Marketing Research, 12(February), 12-18.
10. Baumgartner, Hans and Jan-Benedict E. M. Steenkamp (1996), "Exploratory Consumer Buying Behavior: Conceptualization and Measurement", International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13(2), 121-37.
11. Bayus, Barry L., Sanjay Jain, and Ambar G. Rao (2001), "Truth or Consequences: An Analysis of Vaporware and New Product Announcements", Journal of Marketing Research, 38(February), 3-13.
12. Bell, Geoffrey G. (2005), "Clusters, Networks, and Firm Innovativeness", Strategic Management Journal, 26(3), 287-95.
13. Bjorkman, Ingmar, Günter K. Stahl, and Eero Vaara (2007), "Cultural Differences and Capability Transfer in Cross-Border Acquisitions: The Mediating Roles of Capability Complementarity, Absorptive Capacity, and Social Integration", Journal of International Business Studies, 38(4), 658-72.
14. Boulding, Kenneth E. (1981), Evolutionary Economics. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
15. Boulding, William, Ruskin Morgan, and Richard Staelin (1997), "Pulling the Plug to Stop the New Product Drain", Journal of Marketing Research, 34(February), 164-76.
16. Bowman, Douglas and Hubert Gatignon (1996), "Order of Entry as a Moderator of the Effect of the Marketing Mix on Market Share", Marketing Science, 15(3), 222-42.
17. Brozen, Yale (1951), "Invention, Innovation, and Imitation", American Economic Review, 41(2), 239-57.
18. Buettner, Chris (2013), "Digital Marketing Outlook", in The SoDA Report: Digital Marketing Outlook, Vol. 1, research report, (accessed June 25, 2014), [available at http://www.slideshare.net/sodaspeaks/the-soda-report-volume-l-2013].
19. Calantone, Roger J., S. Tamer Cavusgil, and Yushan Zhao (2002), "Learning Orientation, Firm Innovation Capability, and Firm Performance", Industrial Marketing Management, 31(6), 515-24.
20. Capron, Laurence (1999), "The Long-Term Performance of Horizontal Acquisitions", Strategic Management Journal, 20(11), 987-1018.
21. - Pierre Dussauge, and Will Mitchell (1998), "Resource Redeployment Following Horizontal Acquisitions in Europe and North America, 1988-1992", Strategic Management Journal, 19(7), 631-61.
22. - and Nathalie Pistre (2002), "When Do Acquirers Earn Abnormal Returns?" Strategic Management Journal, 23(9), 781-94.
23. Carbonara, Nunzia (2004), "Innovation Processes Within Geographical Clusters: A Cognitive Approach", Technovation, 24(1), 17-28.
24. Carpenter, Gregory S. and Kent Nakamoto (1989), "Consumer Preference Formation and Pioneering Advantage", Journal of Marketing Research, 26(August), 285-98.
25. Cateora, Philip R. and John L. Graham (1999), International Marketing, 10th ed. Boston: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
26. Chandrasekaran, Deepa and Gerard J. Tellis (2007), "A Critical Review of Marketing Research on Diffusion of New Products", Review of Marketing Research, 3, 39-80.
27. and - (2008), "Global Takeoff of New Products: Culture, Wealth, or Vanishing Differences?" Marketing Science, 27(5), 844-60.
28. Chandy, Rajesh K. and Gerard J. Tellis (1998), "Organizing for Radical Product Innovation: The Overlooked Role of Willingness to Cannibalize", Journal of Marketing Research, 35(November), 474-87.
29. - and - (2000), "The Incumbent's Curse? Incumbency, Size, and Radical Product Innovation", Journal of Marketing, 64(July), 1-17.
30. Chatterjee, Sayan, Michael H. Lubatkin, David M. Schweiger, and Yaakov Weber (1992), "Cultural Differences and Shareholder Value in Related Mergers: Linking Equity and Human Capital", Strategic Management Journal, 13(5), 319-34.
31. Chiesa, Vittorio, Paul Coughlan, and Chris A. Voss (1996), "Development of a Technical Innovation Audit", Journal of Product Innovation Management, 13(2), 105-136.
32. Connor, Patrick E. and Boris W. Becker (1975), "Values and the Organization: Suggestions for Research", Academy of Management Journal, 18(3), 550-61.
33. Cooper, Robert G. (1994), "Perspective Third-Generation New Product Processes", Journal of Product Innovation Management, 11(1), 3-14.
34. Cornell University, INSEAD, and WIPO (2013), The Global Innovation Index 2013: The Local Dynamics of Innovation, Soumitra Dutta and Bruno Lanvin, eds. Geneva, Switzerland: WIPO.
35. Daghfous, Naoufel, John V. Petrof, and Frank Pons (1999), "Values and Adoption of Innovations: A Cross-Cultural Study", Journal of Consumer Marketing, 16(4), 314-31.
36. Damanpour, Fariborz (1991), "Organizational Innovation: A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Determinants and Moderators", Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 555-90.
37. Danneels, Erwin (2004), "Disruptive Technology Reconsidered: A Critique and Research Agenda", Journal of Product Innovation Management, 21(4), 246-58.
38. Darden, William R. and Fred D. Reynolds (1974), "Backward Profiling of Male Innovators", Journal of Marketing Research, 11(February), 79-85.
39. Davidson, William H. and Richard Harrigan (1977), "Key Decisions in International Marketing: Introducing New Products Abroad", Columbia Journal of World Business, 12(4), 15-23.
40. Dekimpe, Marnik G., Philip M. Parker, and Miklos Sarvary (2000), "Global Diffusion of Technological Innovations: A Coupled-Hazard Approach", Journal of Marketing Research, 37(February), 47-59.
41. Dewar, Robert D. and Jane E. Dutton (1986), "The Adoption of Radical and Incremental Innovations: An Empirical Analysis", Management Science, 32(11), 1422-33.
42. Ding, Ming and Jehoshua Eliashberg (2002), "Structuring the New Product Development Pipeline", Management Science, 48(3), 343-63.
43. Douglas, Mary (1970), Natural Symbols. London: Barrie and Rockliffe.
44. Duhan, Dale E, Scott D. Johnson, James B. Wilcox, and Gilbert D. Harrell (1997), "Influences on Consumer Use of Word-of-Mouth Recommendation Sources", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25(4), 283-95.
45. Dwyer, Sean, Hani Mesak, and Maxwell Hsu (2005), "An Exploratory Examination of the Influence of National Culture on Cross-National Product Diffusion", Journal of International Marketing, 13(2), 1-27.
46. Ganesh, Jaishankar (1998), "Converging Trends Within the European Union: Insights from an Analysis of Diffusion Patterns", Journal of International Marketing, 6(4), 32-48.
47. - and V. Kumar (1996), "Capturing the Cross-National Learning Effect: An Analysis of an Industrial Technology Diffusion", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 24(4), 328-37.
48. -, and Velavan Subramaniam (1997), "Learning Effect in Multinational Diffusion of Consumer Durables: An Exploratory Investigation", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25(3), 214-28.
49. Garcia, Rosanna and Roger Calantone (2002), "A Critical Look at Technological Innovation Typology and Innovativeness Terminology: A Literature Review", Journal of Product Innovation Management, 19(2), 110-32.
50. Gatignon, Hubert, Jehoshua Eliashberg, and Thomas S. Robertson (1989), "Modeling Multinational Diffusion Patterns: An Efficient Methodology", Marketing Science, 8(3), 231-47.
51. - and Thomas S. Robertson (1985), "A Propositional Inventory for New Diffusion Research", Journal of Consumer Research, 11(4), 849-67.
52. Golder, Peter N. and Gerard J. Tellis (1997), "Will It Ever Fly? Modeling the Takeoff of Really New Consumer Durables", Marketing Science, 16(3), 256-70.
53. Goldsmith, Ronald E. and Charles F. Hofacker (1991), "Measuring Consumer Innovativeness", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 19(3), 209-221.
54. Gomes, Jorge F. S. and Pia Hurmelinna-Laukkanen (2013), "Behind Innovation Clusters: Individual, Cultural, and Strategic Linkages", International Journal of Innovation Science, 5(2), 89-102.
55. Green, Robert T. and Eric Langeard (1975), "A Cross-National Comparison of Consumer Habits and Innovator Characteristics", Journal of Marketing, 39(July), 34-41.
56. Greenbaum, Thomas L. (1996), "Understanding Focus Group Research Aboard", Marketing News, 30(12), H14.
57. Griffin, Abbie (1997), "PDMA Research on New Product Development Practices: Updating Trends and Benchmarking Best Practices", Journal of Product Innovation Management, 14(6), 429-58.
58. Grinstein, Amir (2008), "The Effect of Market Orientation and Its Components on Innovation Consequences: A Meta-Analysis", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36(2), 166-73.
59. Gupta, Arvind (2013), "Adaptive Innovation: Create, Learn, Repeat", Rotman Magazine, (February 6), (accessed June 25, 2014), [available at http://changeobserver.designobserver.com/feature/adaptive-innovation-create-learn-repeat/37613/].
60. Hauser, John, Gerard J. Tellis, and Abbie Griffin (2006), "Research on Innovation: A Review and Agenda for Marketing Science", Marketing Science, 25(6), 687-717.
61. Heeley, Michael B., Sharon F. Matusik, and Neelam Jain (2007), "Innovation, Appropriability, and the Underpricing of Initial Public Offerings", Academy of Management Journal, 50(1), 209-225.
62. Helsen, Kristiaan, Kamel Jedidi, and Wayne S. De Sarbo (1993), "A New Approach to Country Segmentation Utilizing Multinational Diffusion Patterns", Journal of Marketing, 57(October), 60-71.
63. Henard, David H. and David M. Szymanski (2001), "Why Some New Products Are More Successful Than Others", Journal of Marketing Research, 38(August), 362-75.
64. Hofstede, Geert (1980), Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. London: Sage Publications.
65. - (2001), Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations, 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
66. Hurley, Robert F. and G. Tomas M. Hult (1998), "Innovation, Market Orientation, and Organizational Learning: An Integration and Empirical Examination", Journal of Marketing, 62(July), 42-54.
67. Jaruzelski, Barry, John Loehr, and Richard Holman (2013), "The Global Innovation 1000: Navigating the Digital Future", research report, Booz & Company, (accessed June 25, 2014), [available at http://www.strategyand.pwc.com/media/file/Strategyand-2013-Global-Innovation-1000-Study-Navigating-the-Digital-Future.pdf].
68. Kale, Sudhir H. and Davanathan Sudharshan (1987), "A Strategic Approach to International Segmentation", International Marketing Review, 4(2), 60-70.
69. Kalish, Shlomo (1985), "A New Product Adoption Model with Price, Advertising, and Uncertainty", Management Science, 31(12), 1569-85.
70. -, Vijay Mahajan, and Eitan Muller (1995), "Waterfall and Sprinkler New-Product Strategies in Competitive Global Markets", International Journal of Research in Marketing, 12(2), 105-119.
71. Keller, Ed (2007), "Unleashing the Power of Word of Mouth: Creating Brand Advocacy to Drive Growth", Journal of Advertising Research, 47(4), 448-52.
72. Kitchell, Susan (1995), "Corporate Culture, Environmental Adaptation, and Innovation Adoption: A Qualitative/Quantitative Approach", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23(3), 195-205.
73. Kluckhohn, Florence R. and Fred L. Strodtbeck (1961), Variations in Value Orientations. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson.
74. Kumar, V., Vikram Bhaskaran, Rohan Mirchandani, and Milap Shah (2013), "Creating a Measurable Social Media Marketing Strategy: Increasing the Value and ROI of Intangibles and Tangibles for Hokey Pokey", Marketing Science, 32(2), 194-212.
75. -, Jaishankar Ganesh, and Raj Echambadi (1998), "Cross-National Diffusion Research: What Do We Know and How Certain Are We?" Journal of Product Innovation Management, 15(3), 255-68.
76. - and Kiran Karande (2000), "The Effect of Retail Store Environment on Retailer Performance", Journal of Business Research, 49(2), 167-81.
77. - and Trichy V. Krishnan (2002), "Research Note: Multinational Diffusion Models: An Alternative Framework", Marketing Science, 21(3), 318-30.
78. -, Antonie Stam, and Erich A. Joachimsthaler (1994), "An Interactive Multicriteria Approach to Identifying Potential Foreign Markets", Journal of International Marketing, 2(1), 29-52.
79. -, Sarang Sunder, and B. Ramaseshan (2011), "Analyzing the Diffusion of Global Customer Relationship Management: A Cross-Regional Modeling Framework", Journal of International Marketing, 19(1), 23-39.
80. Lam, Desmond, Alvin Lee, and Richard Mizerski (2009), "The Effects of Cultural Values in Word-of-Mouth Communication", Journal of International Marketing, 17(3), 55-70.
81. Lee, Chol (1990), "Determinants of National Innovativeness and International Market Segmentation", International Marketing Review, 7(5), 39-49.
82. Levitt, Theodore (1983), "The Globalization of Markets", Harvard Business Review, (May/June), 92-102.
83. Liu, Ben Shaw-Ching, Olivier Furrer, and D. Sudharshan (2001), "The Relationships Between Culture and Behavioral Intentions Toward Services", Journal of Service Research, 4(2), 118-29.
84. Lynn, Michael and Betsy D. Gelb (1996), "Identifying Innovative National Markets for Technical Consumer Goods", International Marketing Review, 13(6), 43-57.
85. Mahajan, Vijay and Eitan Muller (1994), "Innovation Diffusion in a Borderless Global Market: Will the 1992 Unification of the European Community Accelerate Diffusion of New Ideas, Products, and Technologies?" Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 45(3), 221-35.
86. -, and Frank M. Bass (1990), "New Product Diffusion Models in Marketing: A Review and Directions for Research", Journal of Marketing, 54(January), 1-26.
87. - and Robert A. Peterson (1978), "Innovation Diffusion in a Dynamic Potential Adopter Population", Management Science, 24(15), 1589-97.
88. McDermott, Christopher M. and Gina Colarelli O'Connor (2002), "Managing Radical Innovation: An Overview of Emergent Strategy Issues", Journal of Product Innovation Management, 19(6), 424-38.
89. Mick, David Glen and Susan Fournier (1998), "Paradoxes of Technology: Consumer Cognizance, Emotions, and Coping Strategies", Journal of Consumer Research, 25(2), 123-43.
90. Midgley, David F. and Grahame R. Dowling (1978), "Innovativeness: The Concept and Its Measurement", Journal of Consumer Research, 4(4), 229-42.
91. Miles, Ian and Lawrence Green (2008), Hidden Innovation in the Creative Industries. London: NESTA Futurlab.
92. Miron, Ella, Miriam Erez, and Eitan Naveh (2004), "Do Personal Characteristics and Cultural Values That Promote Innovation, Quality, and Efficiency Compete or Complement Each Other?" Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(2), 175-99.
93. Mitra, Samir (2013), "Innovation Clusters Initiative: Transforming India's Industry Clusters for Inclusive Growth and Global Competition", in The Global Innovation Index 2013: The Local Dynamics of Innovation, Soumitra Dutta and Bruno Lanvin, eds. Geneva, Switzerland: WIPO.
94. Mowery, David C. and Nathan Rosenberg (1993), "The U. S. National Innovation System", in National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis, Richard R. Nelson, ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
95. Niebuhr, Annekatrin (2010), "Migration and Innovation: Does Cultural Diversity Matter for Regional R&D Activity?" Papers in Regional Science, 89(3), 563-85.
96. Nonaka, Ikujiro (1994), "A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation", Organization Science, 5(1), 14-37.
97. Norton, John A. and Frank M. Bass (1987), "A Diffusion Theory Model of Adoption and Substitution for Successive Generations of High-Technology Products", Management Science, 33(9), 1069-86.
98. Ofek, Elie and Miklos Sarvary (2003), "R&D, Marketing, and the Success of Next-Generation Products", Marketing Science, 22(3), 355-70.
99. Olie, Rene (1990), "Culture and Integration Problems in International Mergers and Acquisitions", European Management Journal, 8(2), 206-215.
100. Patel, Pari and Keith Pavitt (1997), "The Technological Competencies of the World's Largest Firms: Complex and Path-Dependent, but Not Much Variety", Research Policy, 26(2), 141-56.
101. Patel, Taran and Chirag Patel (2008), "Learning Cultures for Sustained Innovation Success", Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 21(3), 233-51.
102. Porter, Michael E. (1990), The Competitive Advantage of Nations. New York: The Free Press.
103. Pouder, Richard and Caron H. St. John (1996), "Hot Spots and Blind Spots: Geographical Clusters of Firms and Innovation", Academy of Management Review, 21(4), 1192-1225.
104. Prahalad, C. K. (2012), "Bottom of the Pyramid as a Source of Breakthrough Innovations", Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(1), 6-12.
105. - and Venkat Ramaswamy (2004), "Co-Creating Unique Value with Customers", Strategy & Leadership, 32(3), 4-9.
106. Purohit, Devavrat (1994), "What Should You Do When Your Competitors Send in the Clones?" Marketing Science, 13(4), 392-411.
107. Putsis, William P., Sridhar Balasubramanian, Edward W. Kaplan, and Subrata K. Sen (1997), "Mixing Behavior in Cross-Country Diffusion", Marketing Science, 16(4), 354-69.
108. Rangan, V. K. (2007), Unilever in India: Hindustan Lever's Project Shakti-Marketing FMCG to the Rural Customer. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School.
109. Rindfleisch, Aric and Christine Moorman (2001), "The Acquisition and Utilization of Information in New Product Alliances: A Strength-of-Ties Perspective", Journal of Marketing, 65(April), 1-18.
110. Roberts, John H., Pamela D. Morrison, and Charles J. Nelson (2004), "Implementing a Prelaunch Diffusion Model: Measurement and Management Challenges of the Telstra Switching Study", Marketing Science, 23(2), 186-91.
111. Robertson, Jordan (2004), "How Nike Got Street Cred", Business 2.0, (May 1), (accessed June 25, 2014), [available at http://money.crm.com/magazmesfousmess2/business2-archive/2004/05/01/368253/].
112. Robinson, William T. and Claes Fornell (1985), "Sources of Market Pioneer Advantages in Consumer Goods Industries", Journal of Marketing Research, 22(August), 305-317.
113. Rogers, Everett M. (1962), Diffusion of Innovations. New York: The Free Press.
114. Rokeach, Milton (1973), The Nature of Human Values. New York: The Free Press.
115. Ronen, Simcha and Allen I. Kraut (1977), "Similarities Among Countries Based on Employee Work Values and Attitudes", Columbia Journal of World Business, 12(2), 89-96.
116. Rubera, Gaia and Ahmet H. Kirca (2012), "Firm Innovativeness and Its Performance Outcomes: A Meta-Analytic Review and Theoretical Integration", Journal of Marketing, 76(July), 130-47.
117. Rust, Roland X, Tim Ambler, Gregory S. Carpenter, V. Kumar, and Rajendra K. Srivastava (2004), "Measuring Marketing Productivity: Current Knowledge and Future Directions", Journal of Marketing, 68(October), 76-89.
118. Shane, Scott (1992), "Why Do Some Societies Invent More Than Others?" Journal of Business Venturing, 7(1), 29-46.
119. - (1993), "Cultural Influences on National Rates of Innovation", Journal of Business Venturing, 8(1), 59-73.
120. Sheth, Jagdish N. (1971), "Word-of-Mouth in Low-Risk Innovations", Journal of Advertising Research, 11(3), 15-18.
121. - (2011), "Impact of Emerging Markets on Marketing: Rethinking Existing Perspectives and Practices", Journal of Marketing, 75(July), 166-82.
122. Shih, Chuan-Fong and Alladi Venkatesh (2004), "Beyond Adoption: Development and Application of a Use-Diffusion Model", Journal of Marketing, 68(January), 59-72.
123. Shih, Eric, Alladi Venkatesh, Steven Chen, and Erik Kruse (2013), "Dynamic Use Diffusion Model in a Cross-National Context: A Comparative Study of the United States, Sweden, and India", Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(1), 4-16.
124. Singh, Sangeeta (2006), "Cultural Differences in, and Influences on, Consumers' Propensity to Adopt Innovations", International Marketing Review, 23(2), 173-91.
125. Smith, Ted, James R. Coyle, Elizabeth Lightfoot, and Amy Scott (2007), "Reconsidering Models of Influence: The Relationship Between Consumer Social Networks and Word-of-Mouth Effectiveness", Journal of Advertising Research, 47(4), 387-97.
126. Sorescu, Alina B., Rajesh K. Chandy, and Jaideep C. Prabhu (2003), "Sources and Financial Consequences of Radical Innovation: Insights from Pharmaceuticals", Journal of Marketing, 67(October), 82-102.
127. Srinivasan, Shuba, Koen Pauwels, Jorge Silva-Risso, and Dominique M. Hanssens (2009), "Product Innovations, Advertising, and Stock Returns", Journal of Marketing, 73(January), 24-43.
128. Steenkamp, Jan-Benedict E. M., Frenkel Ter Hofstede, and Michel Wedel (1999), "A Cross-National Investigation into the Individual and National Cultural Antecedents of Consumer Innovativeness", Journal of Marketing, 63(April), 55-69.
129. Stephen, Andrew T. and Jeff Galak (2010), "The Complementary Roles of Traditional and Social Media Publicity in Driving Marketing Performance", INSEAD working paper 2010/97/MKT.
130. Stremersch, Stefan and Gerard J. Tellis (2004), "Understanding and Managing International Growth of New Products", International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21(4), 421-38.
131. Takada, Hirokazu and Dipak Jain (1991), "Cross-National Analysis of Diffusion of Consumer Durable Goods in Pacific Rim Countries", Journal of Marketing, 55(April), 48-54.
132. Talke, Katrin and Erik Jan Hultink (2010), "The Impact of the Corporate Mind-Set on New Product Launch Strategy and Market Performance", Journal of Product Innovation Management, 27(2), 220-37.
133. Talukdar, Debabrata, K. Sudhir, and Andrew Ainslie (2002), "Investigating New Product Diffusion Across Products and Countries", Marketing Science, 21(1), 97-114.
134. Taylor, Mark Zachary and Sean Wilson (2012), "Does Culture Still Matter? The Effects of Individualism on National Innovation Rates", Journal of Business Venturing, 27(2), 234-47.
135. Tellefsen, Thomas and Hirokazu Takada (1999), "The Relationship Between Mass Media Availability and the Multicountry Diffusion of Consumer Products", Journal of International Marketing, 7(1), 77-96.
136. Tellis, Gerard J., Jaideep C. Prabhu, and Rajesh K. Chandy (2009), "Radical Innovation Across Nations: The Preeminence of Corporate Culture", Journal of Marketing, 73(January), 3-23.
137. -, Stefan Stremersch, and Eden Yin (2003), "The International Takeoff of New Products: The Role of Economics, Culture, and Country Innovativeness", Marketing Science, 22(2), 188-208.
138. Triandis, Harry C. (1979), "Values, Attitudes, and Interpersonal Behavior", in Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, Vol. 27. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
139. Uhl, Kenneth, Roman Andrus, and Lance Poulsen (1970), "How Are Laggards Different? An Empirical Inquiry", Journal of Marketing Research, 7(February), 51-54.
140. Urban, Glen L., Theresa Carter, Steven Gaskin, and Zofia Mucha (1986), "Market Share Rewards to Pioneering Brands: An Empirical Analysis and Strategic Implications", Management Science, 32(6), 645-59.
141. -, John R. Hauser, William J. Quails, Bruce D. Weinberg, Jonathan D. Bohlmann, and Roberta A. Chicos (1997), "Information Acceleration: Validation and Lessons from the Field", Journal of Marketing Research, 34(February), 143-53.
142. Van Everdingen, Yvonne M. and Eric Waarts (2003), "The Effect of National Culture on the Adoption of Innovations", Marketing Letters, 14(3), 217-32.
143. Varadarajan, Rajan (2011), "Conjectures on Innovation Drivers in an Emerging Market: India", in Handbook of Research in International Marketing, 2nd ed., Subhash C. Jain and David A. Griffith, eds. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
144. Varsakelis, Nikos C. (2001), "The Impact of Patent Protection, Economy Openness and National Culture on R&D Investment: A Cross-Country Empirical Investigation", Research Policy, 30(7), 1059-68.
145. Vecchi, Alessandra and Louis Brennan (2009), "A Cultural Perspective on Innovation in International Manufacturing", Research in International Business and Finance, 23(2), 181-92.
146. Venkatesan, Rajkumar, Trichy V. Krishnan, and V. Kumar (2004), "Evolutionary Estimation of Macro-Level Diffusion Models Using Genetic Algorithms: An Alternative to Nonlinear Least Squares", Marketing Science, 23(3), 451-64.
147. Venkatraman, Meera P. (1991), "The Impact of Innovativeness and Innovation Type on Adoption", Journal of Retailing, 67(1), 51-67.
148. Veryzer, Robert W. (1998), "Discontinuous Innovation and the New Product Development Process", Journal of Product Innovation Management, 15(4), 304-321.
149. Wang, Sheng, Rebecca M. Guidice, Judith W. Tansky, and Zhong Ming Wang (2010), "When R&D Spending Is Not Enough: The Critical Role of Culture When You Really Want to Innovate", Human Resource Management, 49(4), 767-92.
150. Weber, Yaakov, Oded Shenkar, and Adi Raveh (1996), "National and Corporate Cultural Fit in Mergers/Acquisitions: An Exploratory Study", Management Science, 42(8), 1215-27.
151. Yaveroglu, Idil Sayrac and Naveen Donthu (2002), "Cultural Influences on the Diffusion of New Products", Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 14(4), 49-63.
152. Yeniyurt, Sengun and Janell D. Townsend (2003), "Does Culture Explain Acceptance of New Products in a Country? An Empirical Investigation", International Marketing Review, 20(4), 377-96.
153. Zeithaml, Valarie (2000), "Service Quality, Profitability, and the Economic Worth of Customers: What We Know and What We Need to Learn", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(1), 67-85.
154. Zukauskaite, Elena (2012), "Innovation in Cultural Industries: The Role of University Links", Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice, 14(3), 404-415.