Membrane channels as integrators of G-protein-mediated signaling

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Biomembranes

Volumn 1838, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 521-531

  Inanobe, Atsushi ^a,b   Kurachi, Yoshihisa ^a,b  

^a OSAKA UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

^b OSAKA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

G protein signaling; Inward rectifier K+ channels; Membrane channels

Indexed keywords

G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN; GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN ALPHA SUBUNIT; GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN BETA SUBUNIT; GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN GAMMA SUBUNIT; INWARDLY RECTIFYING POTASSIUM CHANNEL; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITIDE; RGS PROTEIN;

CHANNEL GATING; CYTOSKELETON; MEMBRANE CHANNEL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; PROTEIN SUBUNIT; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

G PROTEIN SIGNALING; INWARD RECTIFIER K(+) CHANNELS; MEMBRANE CHANNELS;

ANIMALS; GTP-BINDING PROTEINS; HUMANS; ION CHANNELS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 84892163683     PISSN: 00052736     EISSN: 18792642     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.08.018     Document Type: Review

References (270)

1. A.G. Gilman G proteins: transducers of receptor-generated signals Annu. Rev. Biochem. 56 1987 615 649
2. S.R. Sprang G protein mechanisms: insights from structural analysis Annu. Rev. Biochem. 66 1997 639 678 (Pubitemid 27274670)
3. W.M. Oldham, and H.E. Hamm Heterotrimeric G protein activation by G-protein-coupled receptors Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 9 2008 60 71
4. T.K. Bjarnadottir, D.E. Gloriam, S.H. Hellstrand, H. Kristiansson, R. Fredriksson, and H.B. Schioth Comprehensive repertoire and phylogenetic analysis of the G protein-coupled receptors in human and mouse Genomics 88 2006 263 273 (Pubitemid 44278529)
5. 2 dopamine receptors in acutely dissociated neurons from rat corpus striatum Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 1988 3618 3622
6. P. Scheerer, J.H. Park, P.W. Hildebrand, Y.J. Kim, N. Krauss, H.W. Choe, K.P. Hofmann, and O.P. Ernst Crystal structure of opsin in its G-protein-interacting conformation Nature 455 2008 497 502
7. S.G. Rasmussen, B.T. DeVree, Y. Zou, A.C. Kruse, K.Y. Chung, T.S. Kobilka, F.S. Thian, P.S. Chae, E. Pardon, D. Calinski, J.M. Mathiesen, S.T. Shah, J.A. Lyons, M. Caffrey, S.H. Gellman, J. Steyaert, G. Skiniotis, W.I. Weis, R.K. Sunahara, and B.K. Kobilka Crystal structure of the beta2 adrenergic receptor-Gs protein complex Nature 477 2011 549 555
8. M.R. Koelle, and H.R. Horvitz EGL-10 regulates G protein signaling in the C. elegans nervous system and shares a conserved domain with many mammalian proteins Cell 84 1996 115 125 (Pubitemid 26031466)
9. S. Hollinger, and J.R. Hepler Cellular regulation of RGS proteins: modulators and integrators of G protein signaling Pharmacol. Rev. 54 2002 527 559
10. E.M. Ross, and T.M. Wilkie GTPase-activating proteins for heterotrimeric G proteins: regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) and RGS-like proteins Annu. Rev. Biochem. 69 2000 795 827
11. i subfamily of G protein α subunits Cell 86 1996 445 452 (Pubitemid 26272084)
12. A.J. Kimple, D.E. Bosch, P.M. Giguére, and D.P. Siderovski Regulators of G-protein signaling and their Gα substrates: promises and challenges in their use as drug discovery targets Pharmacol. Rev. 63 2011 728 749
13. E.L. Riddle, R.A. Schwartzman, M. Bond, and P.A. Insel Multi-tasking RGS proteins in the heart: the next therapeutic target? Circ. Res. 96 2005 401 411 (Pubitemid 40354533)
14. A. Hiol, P.C. Davey, J.L. Osterhout, A.A. Waheed, E.R. Fischer, C.K. Chen, G. Milligan, K.M. Druey, and T.L. Jones Palmitoylation regulates regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) 16 function. I. Mutation of amino-terminal cysteine residues on RGS16 prevents its targeting to lipid rafts and palmitoylation of an internal cysteine residue J. Biol. Chem. 278 2003 19301 19308 (Pubitemid 36799323)
15. L.S. Bernstein, A.A. Grillo, S.S. Loranger, and M.E. Linder RGS4 binds to membranes through an amphipathic α-helix J. Biol. Chem. 275 2000 18520 18526 (Pubitemid 30414813)
16. S.P. Srinivasa, L.S. Bernstein, K.J. Blumer, and M.E. Linder Plasma membrane localization is required for RGS4 function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 1998 5584 5589 (Pubitemid 28224138)
17. Y. Tu, S. Popov, C. Slaughter, and E.M. Ross Palmitoylation of a conserved cysteine in the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain modulates the GTPase-activating activity of RGS4 and RGS10 J. Biol. Chem. 274 1999 38260 38267 (Pubitemid 30026902)
18. Y. Tu, J. Woodson, and E.M. Ross Binding of regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins to phospholipid bilayers. Contribution of location and/or orientation to Gtpase-activating protein activity J. Biol. Chem. 276 2001 20160 20166
19. M.R. Bristow, R.E. Hershberger, J.D. Port, E.M. Gilbert, A. Sandoval, R. Rasmussen, A.E. Cates, and A.M. Feldman Beta-adrenergic pathways in nonfailing and failing human ventricular myocardium Circulation 82 1990 I12 I25
20. H. Irisawa, H.F. Brown, and W. Giles Cardiac pacemaking in the sinoatrial node Physiol. Rev. 73 1993 197 227 (Pubitemid 23065438)
21. W. Osterrieder, Q.F. Yang, and W. Trautwein The time course of the muscarinic response to ionophoretic acetylcholine application to the S-A node of the rabbit heart Pflugers Arch. 389 1981 283 291 (Pubitemid 11150180)
22. J.W. Hell, C.T. Yokoyama, S.T. Wong, C. Warner, T.P. Snutch, and W.A. Catterall Differential phosphorylation of two size forms of the neuronal class C l-type calcium channel alpha 1 subunit J. Biol. Chem. 268 1993 19451 19457 (Pubitemid 23270725)
23. H. Reuter, and H. Scholz A study of the ion selectivity and the kinetic properties of the calcium dependent slow inward current in mammalian cardiac muscle J. Physiol. 264 1977 17 47 (Pubitemid 8029819)
24. N. Sperelakis, and J.A. Schneider A metabolic control mechanism for calcium ion influx that may protect the ventricular myocardial cell Am. J. Cardiol. 37 1976 1079 1085
25. T.J. Kamp, and J.W. Hell Regulation of cardiac l-type calcium channels by protein kinase A and protein kinase C Circ. Res. 87 2000 1095 1102
26. T.F. McDonald, S. Pelzer, W. Trautwein, and D.J. Pelzer Regulation and modulation of calcium channels in cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle cells Physiol. Rev. 74 1994 365 507 (Pubitemid 24127646)
27. M.C. Sanguinetti, N.K. Jurkiewicz, A. Scott, and P.K. Siegl Isoproterenol antagonizes prolongation of refractory period by the class III antiarrhythmic agent E-4031 in guinea pig myocytes. Mechanism of action Circ. Res. 68 1991 77 84
28. S.O. Marx, J. Kurokawa, S. Reiken, H. Motoike, J. D'Armiento, A.R. Marks, and R.S. Kass Requirement of a macromolecular signaling complex for beta adrenergic receptor modulation of the KCNQ1-KCNE1 potassium channel Science 295 2002 496 499 (Pubitemid 34101639)
29. K.B. Walsh, and R.S. Kass Regulation of a heart potassium channel by protein kinase A and C Science 242 1988 67 69
30. R.S. Kass, and M.C. Sanguinetti Inactivation of calcium channel current in the calf cardiac Purkinje fiber. Evidence for voltage- and calcium-mediated mechanisms J. Gen. Physiol. 84 1984 705 726 (Pubitemid 15208316)
31. K.S. Lee, E. Marban, and R.W. Tsien Inactivation of calcium channels in mammalian heart cells: joint dependence on membrane potential and intracellular calcium J. Physiol. 364 1985 395 411 (Pubitemid 15067221)
32. 2 with ion channels and transporters Sci. STKE 2001 2001 re19
33. D.A. Brown M currents Ion Channels 1 1988 55 94
34. H.H. Hansen, O. Waroux, V. Seutin, T.J. Jentsch, S. Aznar, and J.D. Mikkelsen Kv7 channels: interaction with dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission in the CNS J. Physiol. 586 2008 1823 1832 (Pubitemid 351997511)
35. 1 corticospinal mirror neurons and their role in movement suppression during action observation Curr. Biol. 23 2013 236 243
36. + current in a vertebrate neurone Nature 283 1980 673 676 (Pubitemid 10099998)
37. D.A. Brown, and G.M. Passmore Neural KCNQ (Kv7) channels Br. J. Pharmacol. 156 2009 1185 1195
38. T.J. Jentsch Neuronal KCNQ potassium channels: physiology and role in disease Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 1 2000 21 30
39. J. Robbins KCNQ potassium channels: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology Pharmacol. Ther. 90 2001 1 19 (Pubitemid 32622837)
40. 2 + exchange and KATP potassium channels by PIP2 Science 273 1996 956 959 (Pubitemid 26275172)
41. ATP channels Science 282 1998 1138 1141 (Pubitemid 28516245)
42. 2 interactions Nat. Cell Biol. 1 1999 183 188 (Pubitemid 129656024)
43. + channels J. Physiol. 564 2005 117 129 (Pubitemid 40542192)
44. D.E. Clapham TRP channels as cellular sensors Nature 426 2003 517 524 (Pubitemid 37522633)
45. C. Montell, L. Birnbaumer, and V. Flockerzi The TRP channels, a remarkably functional family Cell 108 2002 595 598 (Pubitemid 34241421)
46. N. Takahashi, D. Kozai, and Y. Mori TRP channels: sensors and transducers of gasotransmitter signals Front. Physiol. 3 2012 324
47. T. Voets, K. Talavera, G. Owsianik, and B. Nilius Sensing with TRP channels Nat. Chem. Biol. 1 2005 85 92
48. 3 receptor-operated calcium entry Sci. STKE 2000 2000 pe1
49. + currents J. Biol. Chem. 274 1999 9899 9904
50. S.B. Dillon, M.W. Verghese, and R. Snyderman Signal transduction in cells following binding of chemoattractants to membrane receptors Virchows Arch. B Cell Pathol. Incl. Mol. Pathol. 55 1988 65 80
51. K.P. Huang The mechanism of protein kinase C activation Trends Neurosci. 12 1989 425 432
52. O.H. Petersen, and Y. Maruyama Calcium-activated potassium channels and their role in secretion Nature 307 1984 693 696 (Pubitemid 14133937)
53. C. Vergara, R. Latorre, N.V. Marrion, and J.P. Adelman Calcium-activated potassium channels Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 8 1998 321 329 (Pubitemid 28288566)
54. - channels - homing in on an elusive channel species Prog. Neurobiol. 60 2000 247 289
55. F. Huang, X. Wong, and L.Y. Jan International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXV: calcium-activated chloride channels Pharmacol. Rev. 64 2012 1 15
56. 2 + channels Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1820 2012 1243 1252
57. 2 + channels: one switch J. Physiol. 554 2004 275 283 (Pubitemid 38181342)
58. S.N. Saleh, A.P. Albert, C.M. Peppiatt, and W.A. Large Angiotensin II activates two cation conductances with distinct TRPC1 and TRPC6 channel properties in rabbit mesenteric artery myocytes J. Physiol. 577 2006 479 495 (Pubitemid 44804007)
59. R. Inoue, and G. Isenberg Acetylcholine activates nonselective cation channels in guinea pig ileum through a G protein Am. J. Physiol. 258 1990 C1173 C1178
60. A.V. Zholos, A.A. Zholos, and T.B. Bolton G-protein-gated TRP-like cationic channel activated by muscarinic receptors: effect of potential on single-channel gating J. Gen. Physiol. 123 2004 581 598 (Pubitemid 38590860)
61. J.C. Gonzalez-Cobos, and M. Trebak TRPC channels in smooth muscle cells Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed.) 15 2010 1023 1039
62. M. Trebak, L. Lemonnier, J.T. Smyth, G. Vazquez, and J.W. Putney Jr. Phospholipase C-coupled receptors and activation of TRPC channels Handb. Exp. Pharmacol. 2007 593 614
63. G. Vazquez, B.J. Wedel, O. Aziz, M. Trebak, and J.W. Putney Jr. The mammalian TRPC cation channels Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1742 2004 21 36 (Pubitemid 39610491)
64. J. Soboloff, M. Spassova, T. Hewavitharana, L.P. He, P. Luncsford, W. Xu, K. Venkatachalam, D. van Rossum, R.L. Patterson, and D.L. Gill TRPC channels: integrators of multiple cellular signals Handb. Exp. Pharmacol. 2007 575 591
65. + channels to plasma membrane in endocrine cells J. Biol. Chem. 274 1999 7969 7974
66. H.K. Caldwell, H.J. Lee, A.H. Macbeth, and W.S. Young III Vasopressin: behavioral roles of an "original" neuropeptide Prog. Neurobiol. 84 2008 1 24 (Pubitemid 350256874)
67. A.I. Dibas, A.J. Mia, and T. Yorio Aquaporins (water channels): role in vasopressin-activated water transport Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 219 1998 183 199
68. W. Wong, and J.D. Scott AKAP signalling complexes: focal points in space and time Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 5 2004 959 970 (Pubitemid 39611533)
69. Ks potassium channel in heart J. Biol. Chem. 287 2012 29815 29824
70. J.W. Lin, M. Wyszynski, R. Madhavan, R. Sealock, J.U. Kim, and M. Sheng Yotiao, a novel protein of neuromuscular junction and brain that interacts with specific splice variants of NMDA receptor subunit NR1 J. Neurosci. 18 1998 2017 2027 (Pubitemid 28141409)
71. + channels J. Neurosci. 30 2010 2311 2323
72. N. Hoshi, J.S. Zhang, M. Omaki, T. Takeuchi, S. Yokoyama, N. Wanaverbecq, L.K. Langeberg, Y. Yoneda, J.D. Scott, D.A. Brown, and H. Higashida AKAP150 signaling complex promotes suppression of the M-current by muscarinic agonists Nat. Neurosci. 6 2003 564 571 (Pubitemid 36648796)
73. 2 + channel Cav1.2 Science 293 2001 98 101 (Pubitemid 32625503)
74. 2 +-dependent BK channel signaling complex by binding to β2 adrenergic receptor EMBO J. 23 2004 2196 2205 (Pubitemid 38833229)
75. P. Forscher, G.S. Oxford, and D. Schulz Noradrenaline modulates calcium channels in avian dorsal root ganglion cells through tight receptor-channel coupling J. Physiol. 379 1986 131 144 (Pubitemid 17175910)
76. B.P. Bean Neurotransmitter inhibition of neuronal calcium currents by changes in channel voltage dependence Nature 340 1989 153 156 (Pubitemid 19175368)
77. 2 + channels in rat sympathetic neurones is mediated by guanine nucleotide binding proteins J. Physiol. 458 1992 339 359 (Pubitemid 23024597)
78. B. Hille G protein-coupled mechanisms and nervous signaling Neuron 9 1992 187 195
79. A.C. Dolphin Voltage-dependent calcium channels and their modulation by neurotransmitters and G proteins Exp. Physiol. 80 1995 1 36
80. 2 + channels in supporting hippocampal synaptic transmission Science 264 1994 107 111
81. 2 + channels by G-protein beta gamma subunits Nature 380 1996 258 262
82. S.R. Ikeda Voltage-dependent modulation of N-type calcium channels by G-protein beta gamma subunits Nature 380 1996 255 258
83. M.D. Mark, S. Wittemann, and S. Herlitze G protein modulation of recombinant P/Q-type calcium channels by regulators of G protein signalling proteins J. Physiol. 528 Pt 1 2000 65 77
84. H. Kasai, and T. Aosaki Modulation of Ca-channel current by an adenosine analog mediated by a GTP-binding protein in chick sensory neurons Pflugers Arch. 414 1989 145 149 (Pubitemid 19154694)
85. D. Lipscombe, S. Kongsamut, and R.W. Tsien Alpha-adrenergic inhibition of sympathetic neurotransmitter release mediated by modulation of N-type calcium-channel gating Nature 340 1989 639 642 (Pubitemid 19202573)
86. 1B critical for inhibition of the voltage-dependent calcium channel by Gβγ J. Neurosci. 19 1999 6855 6864 (Pubitemid 29380114)
87. 1E as an essential determinant of G-protein modulation J. Neurosci. 18 1998 4815 4824 (Pubitemid 28285390)
88. A.A. Simen, and R.J. Miller Structural features determining differential receptor regulation of neuronal Ca channels J. Neurosci. 18 1998 3689 3698 (Pubitemid 28225676)
89. 2 + channel alpha1 subunits in G protein modulation J. Physiol. 509 Pt 1 1998 163 169 (Pubitemid 28252019)
90. M. De Waard, H. Liu, D. Walker, V.E. Scott, C.A. Gurnett, and K.P. Campbell Direct binding of G-protein betagamma complex to voltage-dependent calcium channels Nature 385 1997 446 450 (Pubitemid 27065931)
91. G.W. Zamponi, E. Bourinet, D. Nelson, J. Nargeot, and T.P. Snutch Crosstalk between G proteins and protein kinase C mediated by the calcium channel α1 subunit Nature 385 1997 442 446 (Pubitemid 27065930)
92. F. Liu, Q. Wan, Z.B. Pristupa, X.M. Yu, Y.T. Wang, and H.B. Niznik Direct protein-protein coupling enables cross-talk between dopamine D5 and γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors Nature 403 2000 274 280 (Pubitemid 30062376)
93. 1 subunit is responsible for channel inhibition by G protein-coupled receptors Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 1997 8866 8871
94. E. Bourinet, T.W. Soong, A. Stea, and T.P. Snutch Determinants of the G protein-dependent opioid modulation of neuronal calcium channels Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 1996 1486 1491 (Pubitemid 26075150)
95. 3 subunit FEBS Lett. 371 1995 43 46
96. o with calcium channels by the calcium channel β-subunit in rat neurones J. Physiol. 485 Pt 2 1995 365 372
97. C. Canti, Y. Bogdanov, and A.C. Dolphin Interaction between G proteins and accessory subunits in the regulation of 1B calcium channels in Xenopus oocytes J. Physiol. 527 Pt 3 2000 419 432
98. Z.P. Feng, M.I. Arnot, C.J. Doering, and G.W. Zamponi Calcium channel β subunits differentially regulate the inhibition of N-type channels by individual Gβ isoforms J. Biol. Chem. 276 2001 45051 45058
99. v2.1 channels, revealed by mammalian two-hybrid and fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements J. Biol. Chem. 278 2003 49386 49400
100. 1B by Gβγ Biophys. J. 79 2000 731 746 (Pubitemid 30626169)
101. vβ-subunit displacement is a key step to induce the reluctant state of P/Q calcium channels by direct G protein regulation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 2004 6267 6272 (Pubitemid 38520563)
102. v2 calcium channels Pharmacol. Rev. 58 2006 837 862 (Pubitemid 44833748)
103. C. Koike, T. Obara, Y. Uriu, T. Numata, R. Sanuki, K. Miyata, T. Koyasu, S. Ueno, K. Funabiki, A. Tani, H. Ueda, M. Kondo, Y. Mori, M. Tachibana, and T. Furukawa TRPM1 is a component of the retinal ON bipolar cell transduction channel in the mGluR6 cascade Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107 2010 332 337
104. C.W. Morgans, J. Zhang, B.G. Jeffrey, S.M. Nelson, N.S. Burke, R.M. Duvoisin, and R.L. Brown TRPM1 is required for the depolarizing light response in retinal ON-bipolar cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 2009 19174 19178
105. Y. Xu, A. Dhingra, M.E. Fina, C. Koike, T. Furukawa, and N. Vardi mGluR6 deletion renders the TRPM1 channel in retina inactive J. Neurophysiol. 107 2011 948 957
106. A. Dhingra, H. Ramakrishnan, A. Neinstein, M.E. Fina, Y. Xu, J. Li, D.C. Chung, A. Lyubarsky, and N. Vardi Gβ3 is required for normal light ON responses and synaptic maintenance J. Neurosci. 32 2012 11343 11355
107. Y. Shen, M.A. Rampino, R.C. Carroll, and S. Nawy G-protein-mediated inhibition of the Trp channel TRPM1 requires the Gβγ dimer Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109 2012 8752 8757
108. I. Audo, S. Kohl, B.P. Leroy, F.L. Munier, X. Guillonneau, S. Mohand-Said, K. Bujakowska, E.F. Nandrot, B. Lorenz, M. Preising, U. Kellner, A.B. Renner, A. Bernd, A. Antonio, V. Moskova-Doumanova, M.E. Lancelot, C.M. Poloschek, I. Drumare, S. Defoort-Dhellemmes, B. Wissinger, T. Leveillard, C.P. Hamel, D.F. Schorderet, E. De Baere, W. Berger, S.G. Jacobson, E. Zrenner, J.A. Sahel, S.S. Bhattacharya, and C. Zeitz TRPM1 is mutated in patients with autosomal-recessive complete congenital stationary night blindness Am. J. Hum. Genet. 85 2009 720 729
109. Z. Li, P.I. Sergouniotis, M. Michaelides, D.S. Mackay, G.A. Wright, S. Devery, A.T. Moore, G.E. Holder, A.G. Robson, and A.R. Webster Recessive mutations of the gene TRPM1 abrogate ON bipolar cell function and cause complete congenital stationary night blindness in humans Am. J. Hum. Genet. 85 2009 711 719
110. M.M. van Genderen, M.M. Bijveld, Y.B. Claassen, R.J. Florijn, J.N. Pearring, F.M. Meire, M.A. McCall, F.C. Riemslag, R.G. Gregg, A.A. Bergen, and M. Kamermans Mutations in TRPM1 are a common cause of complete congenital stationary night blindness Am. J. Hum. Genet. 85 2009 730 736
111. D. Kim Physiology and pharmacology of two-pore domain potassium channels Curr. Pharm. Des. 11 2005 2717 2736 (Pubitemid 41051880)
112. F. Lesage, and M. Lazdunski Molecular and functional properties of two-pore-domain potassium channels Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 279 2000 F793 F801
113. + channels Cell Biochem. Biophys. 47 2007 209 256 (Pubitemid 47338363)
114. D.H. Woo, K.S. Han, J.W. Shim, B.E. Yoon, E. Kim, J.Y. Bae, S.J. Oh, E.M. Hwang, A.D. Marmorstein, Y.C. Bae, J.Y. Park, and C.J. Lee TREK-1 and Best1 channels mediate fast and slow glutamate release in astrocytes upon GPCR activation Cell 151 2012 25 40
115. G.E. Yevenes, R.W. Peoples, J.C. Tapia, J. Parodi, X. Soto, J. Olate, and L.G. Aguayo Modulation of glycine-activated ion channel function by G-protein βγ subunits Nat. Neurosci. 6 2003 819 824 (Pubitemid 36929702)
116. i subunits as novel direct activators of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC)4 and TRPC5 channels J. Biol. Chem. 287 2012 17029 17039
117. O. Loewi Über humorale Übertragbarkeit der Herznervenwirkung Pflugers Arch. 189 1921 239 242
118. O. Loewi, and E. Navratil Über humorale Übertragbarkeit der Herznervenwirkung. VI. Der Angriffspunkt des Atropins Pflugers Arch. 214 1926 678 688
119. J. Del Castillo, and B. Katz Production of membrane potential changes in the frog's heart by inhibitory nerve impulses Nature 175 1955 1035
120. O.F. Hutter, and W. Trautwein Vagal and sympathetic effects on the pacemaker fibers in the sinus venosus of the heart J. Gen. Physiol. 39 1956 715 733
121. W. Trautwein, and J. Dudel Mechanism of membrane effect of acetylcholine on myocardial fibers Pflugers Arch. 266 1958 324 334
122. A. Noma, and W. Trautwein Relaxation of the ACh-induced potassium current in the rabbit sinoatrial node cell Pflugers Arch. 377 1978 193 200 (Pubitemid 9041066)
123. G.E. Breitwieser, and G. Szabo Uncoupling of cardiac muscarinic and β-adrenergic receptors from ion channels by a guanine nucleotide analogue Nature 317 1985 538 540 (Pubitemid 16224161)
124. P.J. Pfaffinger, J.M. Martin, D.D. Hunter, N.M. Nathanson, and B. Hille GTP-binding proteins couple cardiac muscarinic receptors to a K channel Nature 317 1985 536 538 (Pubitemid 16224160)
125. + channels in cell-free membrane of atrial cells Am. J. Physiol. 251 1986 H681 H684
126. + channels by adenosine in isolated atrial cells: involvement of GTP-binding proteins Pflugers Arch. 407 1986 264 274 (Pubitemid 16055738)
127. H. Hibino, A. Inanobe, K. Furutani, S. Murakami, I. Findlay, and Y. Kurachi Inwardly rectifying potassium channels: their structure, function, and physiological roles Physiol. Rev. 90 2010 291 366
128. C. Lüscher, and P.A. Slesinger Emerging roles for G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels in health and disease Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 11 2010 301 315
129. M. Yamada, A. Inanobe, and Y. Kurachi G protein regulation of potassium ion channels Pharmacol. Rev. 50 1998 723 760
130. + channels Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 4 2003 957 967 (Pubitemid 37486672)
131. Y. Kubo, J.P. Adelman, D.E. Clapham, L.Y. Jan, A. Karschin, Y. Kurachi, M. Lazdunski, C.G. Nichols, S. Seino, and C.A. Vandenberg International Union of Pharmacology. LIV. Nomenclature and molecular relationships of inwardly rectifying potassium channels Pharmacol. Rev. 57 2005 509 526 (Pubitemid 43036438)
132. S.R. Durell, and H.R. Guy A family of putative Kir potassium channels in prokaryotes BMC Evol. Biol. 1 2001 14
133. A. Inanobe, H. Ito, M. Ito, Y. Hosoya, and Y. Kurachi Immunological and physical characterization of the brain G protein-gated muscarinic potassium channel Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 217 1995 1238 1244 (Pubitemid 26019784)
134. K.F. Raab-Graham, and C.A. Vandenberg Tetrameric subunit structure of the native brain inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir 2.2 J. Biol. Chem. 273 1998 19699 19707 (Pubitemid 28367028)
135. +-channel proteins Nature 374 1995 135 141
136. KACh J. Biol. Chem. 273 1998 5271 5278 (Pubitemid 28108692)
137. + channel proteins GIRK1 and GIRK2 and their altered expression in weaver brain J. Neurosci. 16 1996 7137 7150 (Pubitemid 26382891)
138. + channels composed of Kir3.2 subunits in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra J. Neurosci. 19 1999 1006 1017 (Pubitemid 29066163)
139. + channels J. Biol. Chem. 270 1995 28660 28667
140. + channels are activated by Gβγ subunits and function as heteromultimers Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 1995 6542 6546
141. + channel mRNAs are differentially expressed in the adult rat brain J. Neurosci. 16 1996 3559 3570 (Pubitemid 26149495)
142. + channel FEBS Lett. 379 1996 31 37 (Pubitemid 26032792)
143. + (GIRK) channels composed of GIRK2 and GIRK3 J. Biol. Chem. 275 2000 36211 36216
144. L. Koyrakh, R. Lujan, J. Colon, C. Karschin, Y. Kurachi, A. Karschin, and K. Wickman Molecular and cellular diversity of neuronal G-protein-gated potassium channels J. Neurosci. 25 2005 11468 11478 (Pubitemid 43083718)
145. + channel GIRK2 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 1997 923 927 (Pubitemid 27074423)
146. + currents in cerebellar granule cells isolated from weaver and Girk2 null mutant mice Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 1997 12210 12217 (Pubitemid 27467868)
147. K. Wickman, J. Nemec, S.J. Gendler, and D.E. Clapham Abnormal heart rate regulation in GIRK4 knockout mice Neuron 20 1998 103 114 (Pubitemid 28078353)
148. M. Torrecilla, C.L. Marker, S.C. Cintora, M. Stoffel, J.T. Williams, and K. Wickman G-protein-gated potassium channels containing Kir3.2 and Kir3.3 subunits mediate the acute inhibitory effects of opioids on locus ceruleus neurons J. Neurosci. 22 2002 4328 4334 (Pubitemid 37465648)
149. M. Pravetoni, and K. Wickman Behavioral characterization of mice lacking GIRK/Kir3 channel subunits Genes Brain Behav. 7 2008 523 531 (Pubitemid 351991487)
150. L.B. Kozell, N.A. Walter, L.C. Milner, K. Wickman, and K.J. Buck Mapping a barbiturate withdrawal locus to a 0.44 Mb interval and analysis of a novel null mutant identify a role for Kcnj9 (GIRK3) in withdrawal from pentobarbital, zolpidem, and ethanol J. Neurosci. 29 2009 11662 11673
151. M. Nishida, and R. MacKinnon Structural basis of inward rectification: cytoplasmic pore of the G protein-gated inward rectifier GIRK1 at 1.8 Å resolution Cell 111 2002 957 965 (Pubitemid 36044688)
152. A. Kuo, J.M. Gulbis, J.F. Antcliff, T. Rahman, E.D. Lowe, J. Zimmer, J. Cuthbertson, F.M. Ashcroft, T. Ezaki, and D.A. Doyle Crystal structure of the potassium channel KirBac1.1 in the closed state Science 300 2003 1922 1926 (Pubitemid 36734594)
153. R. MacKinnon Potassium channels FEBS Lett. 555 2003 62 65
154. Y. Jiang, A. Lee, J. Chen, M. Cadene, B.T. Chait, and R. MacKinnon The open pore conformation of potassium channels Nature 417 2002 523 526 (Pubitemid 34595913)
155. + channels Nature 466 2010 203 208
156. + conduction and selectivity Science 280 1998 69 77 (Pubitemid 28169082)
157. Y. Jiang, A. Lee, J. Chen, M. Cadene, B.T. Chait, and R. MacKinnon Crystal structure and mechanism of a calcium-gated potassium channel Nature 417 2002 515 522 (Pubitemid 34595912)
158. + channel Nature 423 2003 33 41 (Pubitemid 36569577)
159. + channel Science 309 2005 897 903 (Pubitemid 41099919)
160. + channel in a lipid membrane-like environment Nature 450 2007 376 382 (Pubitemid 350126743)
161. + ion channel Science 335 2012 436 441
162. J. Payandeh, T. Scheuer, N. Zheng, and W.A. Catterall The crystal structure of a voltage-gated sodium channel Nature 475 2012 353 358
163. A.I. Sobolevsky, M.P. Rosconi, and E. Gouaux X-ray structure, symmetry and mechanism of an AMPA-subtype glutamate receptor Nature 462 2009 745 756
164. +-conducting channel Nature 440 2006 570 574
165. A. Alam, and Y. Jiang High-resolution structure of the open NaK channel Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 16 2009 30 34
166. A. Alam, and Y. Jiang Structural analysis of ion selectivity in the NaK channel Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 16 2009 35 41
167. Z. Lu, A.M. Klem, and Y. Ramu Ion conduction pore is conserved among potassium channels Nature 413 2001 809 813 (Pubitemid 33026842)
168. + channel by pivoted bending of a transmembrane segment Mol. Cell 10 2002 469 481 (Pubitemid 35284168)
169. + channel Neuron 14 1995 1047 1054
170. + channel J. Physiol. 531 2001 645 660 (Pubitemid 32243746)
171. + channel Nature 371 1994 243 246
172. 2 + Nature 325 1987 156 159 (Pubitemid 17052304)
173. A.N. Lopatin, E.N. Makhina, and C.G. Nichols Potassium channel block by cytoplasmic polyamines as the mechanism of intrinsic rectification Nature 372 1994 366 369 (Pubitemid 24363439)
174. K. Furutani, Y. Ohno, A. Inanobe, H. Hibino, and Y. Kurachi Mutational and in silico analyses for antidepressant block of astroglial inward-rectifier Kir4.1 channel Mol. Pharmacol. 75 2009 1287 1295
175. Y. Ohno, H. Hibino, C. Lossin, A. Inanobe, and Y. Kurachi Inhibition of astroglial Kir4.1 channels by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Brain Res. 1178 2007 44 51 (Pubitemid 47625356)
176. S. Su, Y. Ohno, C. Lossin, H. Hibino, A. Inanobe, and Y. Kurachi Inhibition of astroglial inwardly rectifying Kir4.1 channels by a tricyclic antidepressant, nortriptyline J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 320 2007 573 580 (Pubitemid 46147936)
177. E. Neher, and B. Sakmann Single-channel currents recorded from membrane of denervated frog muscle fibres Nature 260 1976 799 802
178. + channel currents observed in cultured rat muscle cells Nature 287 1980 447 449 (Pubitemid 11250353)
179. F.J. Sigworth, and S.M. Sine Data transformations for improved display and fitting of single-channel dwell time histograms Biophys. J. 52 1987 1047 1054
180. D. Colquhoun, and A.G. Hawkes A note on correlations in single ion channel records Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 230 1987 15 52 (Pubitemid 17021414)
181. + channel in guinea pig atrial myocytes. Spectral analysis of the effect of GTP on single-channel kinetics J. Gen. Physiol. 108 1996 485 495 (Pubitemid 26427116)
182. + channel in the heart. Modal regulation by G protein βγ subunits J. Gen. Physiol. 112 1998 199 210 (Pubitemid 28369160)
183. KACh: kinetic evidence for multiple Gβγ binding sites Biophys. J. 76 1999 246 252 (Pubitemid 29202453)
184. J. Bard, M.T. Kunkel, and E.G. Peralta Single channel studies of inward rectifier potassium channel regulation by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors J. Gen. Physiol. 116 2000 645 652
185. + channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes J. Physiol. 524 Pt 3 2000 737 755 (Pubitemid 30303622)
186. + channels in isolated pacemaker cells of the mammalian heart Nature 303 1983 250 253 (Pubitemid 13135529)
187. J.J. Grigg, T. Kozasa, Y. Nakajima, and S. Nakajima Single-channel properties of a G-protein-coupled inward rectifier potassium channel in brain neurons J. Neurophysiol. 75 1996 318 328 (Pubitemid 26072042)
188. T.T. Ivanova-Nikolova, and G.E. Breitwieser Effector contributions to Gβγ-mediated signaling as revealed by muscarinic potassium channel gating J. Gen. Physiol. 109 1997 245 253 (Pubitemid 27078410)
189. 2 and its stabilization by Gβγ Nature 391 1998 803 806 (Pubitemid 28099680)
190. + channel function in rat atrial cells by phosphorylation J. Physiol. 437 1991 133 155
191. + channels Pflugers Arch. 455 2007 83 95 (Pubitemid 47403981)
192. 2 interactions underlie channelopathies Neuron 34 2002 933 944 (Pubitemid 34722283)
193. + channel in heart Nature 325 1987 321 326 (Pubitemid 17053169)
194. + channels by low concentrations of βγ subunits of rat brain G protein Pflugers Arch. 413 1989 325 327 (Pubitemid 19031578)
195. + channel in atrial myocytes of guinea pig heart J. Gen. Physiol. 98 1991 517 533
196. + channel J. Gen. Physiol. 99 1992 961 983
197. + channel through the same mechanism J. Biol. Chem. 268 1993 24551 24554
198. + channels are activated by βγ subunits and inhibited by the GDP-bound form of α subunit of transducin Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 200 1994 1484 1490 (Pubitemid 24181819)
199. Y. Kubo, E. Reuveny, P.A. Slesinger, Y.N. Jan, and L.Y. Jan Primary structure and functional expression of a rat G-protein-coupled muscarinic potassium channel Nature 364 1993 802 806 (Pubitemid 23261760)
200. E. Reuveny, P.A. Slesinger, J. Inglese, J.M. Morales, J.A. Iniguez-Lluhi, R.J. Lefkowitz, H.R. Bourne, Y.N. Jan, and L.Y. Jan Activation of the cloned muscarinic potassium channel by G protein βγ subunits Nature 370 1994 143 146 (Pubitemid 24229126)
201. C.E. Ford, N.P. Skiba, H. Bae, Y. Daaka, E. Reuveny, L.R. Shekter, R. Rosal, G. Weng, C.S. Yang, R. Iyengar, R.J. Miller, L.Y. Jan, R.J. Lefkowitz, and H.E. Hamm Molecular basis for interactions of G protein βγ subunits with effectors Science 280 1998 1271 1274 (Pubitemid 28269623)
202. T. Mirshahi, V. Mittal, H. Zhang, M.E. Linder, and D.E. Logothetis Distinct sites on G protein βγ subunits regulate different effector functions J. Biol. Chem. 277 2002 36345 36350
203. + channel, GIRK1 Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 212 1995 1022 1028
204. + channel is important for channel activation Neuron 15 1995 1133 1143
205. + channels FEBS Lett. 405 1997 291 298 (Pubitemid 27138494)
206. P.A. Slesinger, E. Reuveny, Y.N. Jan, and J.Y. Jan Identification of structural elements involved in G protein gating of the GIRK1 potassium channel Neuron 15 1995 1145 1156
207. + channel activity through interactions with the βγ subunits of G proteins J. Biol. Chem. 277 2002 6088 6096 (Pubitemid 34968395)
208. βγ subunit activation J. Physiol. 555 2004 643 657 (Pubitemid 38404587)
209. M. Yokogawa, M. Osawa, K. Takeuchi, Y. Mase, and I. Shimada NMR analyses of the Gβγ binding and conformational rearrangements of the cytoplasmic pore of G protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium channel 1 (GIRK1) J. Biol. Chem. 286 2011 2215 2223
210. D.E. Logothetis, D. Lupyan, and A. Rosenhouse-Dantsker Diverse Kir modulators act in close proximity to residues implicated in phosphoinositide binding J. Physiol. 582 2007 953 965 (Pubitemid 47104332)
211. ATP channels J. Gen. Physiol. 116 2000 599 608
212. 2 binding sites in Kir2.1 inwardly rectifying potassium channels FEBS Lett. 490 2001 49 53 (Pubitemid 32126642)
213. X. Du, H. Zhang, C. Lopes, T. Mirshahi, T. Rohacs, and D.E. Logothetis Characteristic interactions with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate determine regulation of Kir channels by diverse modulators J. Biol. Chem. 279 2004 37271 37281 (Pubitemid 39195433)
214. 2 signals: when, where, and how? Pflugers Arch. 455 2007 55 67
215. M. Bunemann, and M.M. Hosey Novel signalling events mediated by muscarinic receptor subtypes Life Sci. 68 2001 2525 2533 (Pubitemid 32455691)
216. H. Cho, Y.A. Kim, J.Y. Yoon, D. Lee, J.H. Kim, S.H. Lee, and W.K. Ho Low mobility of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate underlies receptor specificity of Gq-mediated ion channel regulation in atrial myocytes Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 2005 15241 15246 (Pubitemid 41513366)
217. + channels in a receptor-specific manner Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 2005 4643 4648 (Pubitemid 40397165)
218. + (GIRK) channels to caveolae determines receptor specificity of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate signaling J. Biol. Chem. 285 2010 41732 41739
219. T. Jin, J.L. Sui, A. Rosenhouse-Dantsker, K.W. Chan, L.Y. Jan, and D.E. Logothetis Stoichiometry of Kir channels with phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate Channels (Austin) 2 2008 19 33
220. Z. Fan, and J.C. Makielski Anionic phospholipids activate ATP-sensitive potassium channels J. Biol. Chem. 272 1997 5388 5395 (Pubitemid 27102355)
221. T. Rohacs, C.M. Lopes, T. Jin, P.P. Ramdya, Z. Molnar, and D.E. Logothetis Specificity of activation by phosphoinositides determines lipid regulation of Kir channels Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 2003 745 750 (Pubitemid 36126123)
222. 2, and sodium Cell 147 2011 199 208
223. + channel Kir2.2 at 3.1 Å resolution Science 326 2009 1668 1674
224. + channel, GIRK Neuron 33 2002 87 99 (Pubitemid 34088181)
225. + channel J. Biol. Chem. 279 2004 17260 17268 (Pubitemid 38560484)
226. + channel GIRK J. Biol. Chem. 285 2010 6179 6185
227. i3 protein subunits J. Biol. Chem. 286 2011 33223 33235
228. S.M. Clancy, C.E. Fowler, M. Finley, K.F. Suen, C. Arrabit, F. Berton, T. Kosaza, P.J. Casey, and P.A. Slesinger Pertussis-toxin-sensitive Gα subunits selectively bind to C-terminal domain of neuronal GIRK channels: evidence for a heterotrimeric G-protein-channel complex Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 28 2005 375 389 (Pubitemid 40202597)
229. I. Riven, E. Kalmanzon, L. Segev, and E. Reuveny Conformational rearrangements associated with the gating of the G protein-coupled potassium channel revealed by FRET microscopy Neuron 38 2003 225 235 (Pubitemid 36555649)
230. i/o) J. Biol. Chem. 287 2012 19537 19549
231. + channels Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 1997 10461 10466 (Pubitemid 27407064)
232. S. Herlitze, J.P. Ruppersberg, and M.D. Mark New roles for RGS2, 5 and 8 on the ratio-dependent modulation of recombinant GIRK channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes J. Physiol. 517 Pt 2 1999 341 352 (Pubitemid 29294881)
233. + currents Nature 390 1997 525 529 (Pubitemid 28013135)
234. + channel J. Physiol. 526 Pt 2 2000 341 347 (Pubitemid 30599284)
235. A. Inanobe, S. Fujita, Y. Makino, K. Matsushita, M. Ishii, M. Chachin, and Y. Kurachi Interaction between the RGS domain of RGS4 with G protein α subunits mediates the voltage-dependent relaxation of the G protein-gated potassium channel J. Physiol. 535 2001 133 143 (Pubitemid 32782731)
236. K.L. Lan, H. Zhong, M. Nanamori, and R.R. Neubig Rapid kinetics of regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS)-mediated Galphai and Galphao deactivation. Galpha specificity of RGS4 AND RGS7 J. Biol. Chem. 275 2000 33497 33503
237. i-coupled muscarinic m2 receptors in Xenopus oocytes: the role of receptor precoupling in RGS modulation J. Physiol. 545 2002 355 373 (Pubitemid 36004372)
238. N. Lavine, N. Ethier, J.N. Oak, L. Pei, F. Liu, P. Trieu, R.V. Rebois, M. Bouvier, T.E. Hebert, and H.H. Van Tol G protein-coupled receptors form stable complexes with inwardly rectifying potassium channels and adenylyl cyclase J. Biol. Chem. 277 2002 46010 46019 (Pubitemid 35417586)
239. C. Gales, R.V. Rebois, M. Hogue, P. Trieu, A. Breit, T.E. Hebert, and M. Bouvier Real-time monitoring of receptor and G-protein interactions in living cells Nat. Methods 2 2005 177 184 (Pubitemid 41122124)
240. P. Hein, M. Frank, C. Hoffmann, M.J. Lohse, and M. Bunemann Dynamics of receptor/G protein coupling in living cells EMBO J. 24 2005 4106 4114 (Pubitemid 41752879)
241. M. Nobles, A. Benians, and A. Tinker Heterotrimeric G proteins precouple with G protein-coupled receptors in living cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 2005 18706 18711 (Pubitemid 43011290)
242. C. Jaen, and C.A. Doupnik RGS3 and RGS4 differentially associate with G protein-coupled receptor-Kir3 channel signaling complexes revealing two modes of RGS modulation. Precoupling and collision coupling J. Biol. Chem. 281 2006 34549 34560 (Pubitemid 46036662)
243. B receptors and GIRK channels in dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area Nat. Neurosci. 10 2007 1559 1568 (Pubitemid 350175875)
244. B receptors with Kir3 channels and regulators of G protein signalling (RGS4) proteins J. Physiol. 580 2007 51 65 (Pubitemid 46470644)
245. K. Xie, K.L. Allen, S. Kourrich, J. Colon-Saez, M.J. Thomas, K. Wickman, and K.A. Martemyanov Gβ5 recruits R7 RGS proteins to GIRK channels to regulate the timing of neuronal inhibitory signaling Nat. Neurosci. 13 2010 661 663
246. H. Zhou, M. Chisari, K.M. Raehal, K.M. Kaltenbronn, L.M. Bohn, S.J. Mennerick, and K.J. Blumer GIRK channel modulation by assembly with allosterically regulated RGS proteins Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109 2012 19977 19982
247. C. Cifelli, R.A. Rose, H. Zhang, J. Voigtlaender-Bolz, S.S. Bolz, P.H. Backx, and S.P. Heximer RGS4 regulates parasympathetic signaling and heart rate control in the sinoatrial node Circ. Res. 103 2008 527 535
248. J. Yang, J. Huang, B. Maity, Z. Gao, R.A. Lorca, H. Gudmundsson, J. Li, A. Stewart, P.D. Swaminathan, S.R. Ibeawuchi, A. Shepherd, C.K. Chen, W. Kutschke, P.J. Mohler, D.P. Mohapatra, M.E. Anderson, and R.A. Fisher RGS6, a modulator of parasympathetic activation in heart Circ. Res. 107 2010 1345 1349
249. B receptor signaling J. Biol. Chem. 287 2012 4972 4981
250. M. Nishida, M. Cadene, B.T. Chait, and R. MacKinnon Crystal structure of a Kir3.1-prokaryotic Kir channel chimera EMBO J. 26 2007 4005 4015 (Pubitemid 47367496)
251. S. Pegan, C. Arrabit, W. Zhou, W. Kwiatkowski, A. Collins, P.A. Slesinger, and S. Choe Cytoplasmic domain structures of Kir2.1 and Kir3.1 show sites for modulating gating and rectification Nat. Neurosci. 8 2005 279 287 (Pubitemid 40300184)
252. O.B. Clarke, A.T. Caputo, A.P. Hill, J.I. Vandenberg, B.J. Smith, and J.M. Gulbis Domain reorientation and rotation of an intracellular assembly regulate conduction in Kir potassium channels Cell 141 2010 1018 1029
253. V.N. Bavro, R. De Zorzi, M.R. Schmidt, J.R. Muniz, L. Zubcevic, M.S. Sansom, C. Venien-Bryan, and S.J. Tucker Structure of a KirBac potassium channel with an open bundle crossing indicates a mechanism of channel gating Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 19 2012 158 163
254. M.R. Whorton, and R. MacKinnon X-ray structure of the mammalian GIRK2-βγ G-protein complex Nature 498 2013 190 197
255. A. Kuo, C. Domene, L.N. Johnson, D.A. Doyle, and C. Venien-Bryan Two different conformational states of the KirBac3.1 potassium channel revealed by electron crystallography Structure 13 2005 1463 1472 (Pubitemid 41427586)
256. S. Jaroslawski, B. Zadek, F. Ashcroft, C. Venien-Bryan, and S. Scheuring Direct visualization of KirBac3.1 potassium channel gating by atomic force microscopy J. Mol. Biol. 374 2007 500 505 (Pubitemid 350007655)
257. + channels in the closed state J. Biol. Chem. 286 2011 41801 41811
258. Y. Fujiwara, and Y. Kubo Functional roles of charged amino acid residues on the wall of the cytoplasmic pore of Kir2.1 J. Gen. Physiol. 127 2006 401 419
259. J.L. Robertson, L.G. Palmer, and B. Roux Long-pore electrostatics in inward-rectifier potassium channels J. Gen. Physiol. 132 2008 613 632
260. J.L. Robertson, L.G. Palmer, and B. Roux Multi-ion distributions in the cytoplasmic domain of inward rectifier potassium channels Biophys. J. 103 2012 434 443
261. S. Wang, S.J. Lee, S. Heyman, D. Enkvetchakul, and C.G. Nichols Structural rearrangements underlying ligand-gating in Kir channels Nat. Commun. 3 2012 617
262. N. Armstrong, and E. Gouaux Mechanisms for activation and antagonism of an AMPA-sensitive glutamate receptor: crystal structures of the GluR2 ligand binding core Neuron 28 2000 165 181
263. + channels Cell 126 2006 1161 1173 (Pubitemid 44380293)
264. + channel Nature 481 2012 94 97
265. S. Pegan, C. Arrabit, P.A. Slesinger, and S. Choe Andersen's syndrome mutation effects on the structure and assembly of the cytoplasmic domains of Kir2.1 Biochemistry 45 2006 8599 8606 (Pubitemid 44078880)
266. + channels Channels (Austin) 1 2007 39 45
267. H.L. An, S.Q. Lu, J.W. Li, X.Y. Meng, Y. Zhan, M. Cui, M. Long, H.L. Zhang, and D.E. Logothetis The cytosolic GH loop regulates the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-induced gating kinetics of Kir2 channels J. Biol. Chem. 287 2012 42278 42287
268. + channels J. Biol. Chem. 285 2010 38517 38523
269. + channels Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 407 2011 366 371
270. 2 opens the intracellular G-loop gate of a Kir3.1 channel Biophys. J. 102 2012 2049 2059