메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 108, Issue 8, 2013, Pages 947-961

Genetics of chloroquine-resistant malaria: A haplotypic view

Author keywords

Chloroquine; Evolution; Haplotypes; Malaria; Pfcrt gene

Indexed keywords

ANTIMALARIAL AGENT; CARRIER PROTEIN; CHLOROQUINE; PFCRT PROTEIN, PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PROTOZOAL DNA; PROTOZOAL PROTEIN;

EID: 84890353889     PISSN: 00740276     EISSN: 16788060     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276130274     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (32)

References (181)
  • 1
    • 0034827271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium falciparum: Linkage disequilibrium between loci in chromosomes 7 and 5 and chloroquine selective pressure in Northern Nigeria
    • Adagut IS, Warhurst DC 2001. Plasmodium falciparum: linkage disequilibrium between loci in chromosomes 7 and 5 and chloroquine selective pressure in Northern Nigeria. Parasitology 123: 219-224.
    • (2001) Parasitology , vol.123 , pp. 219-224
    • Adagut, I.S.1    Warhurst, D.C.2
  • 4
    • 65349097898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of genetic mutations associated with anti-malarial drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum from the Democratic Republic of East Timor
    • Almeida AD, Arez AP, Cravo PVL, do Rosário VE 2009. Analysis of genetic mutations associated with anti-malarial drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum from the Democratic Republic of East Timor. Malar J 8: 59.
    • (2009) Malar J , vol.8 , pp. 59
    • Almeida, A.D.1    Arez, A.P.2    Cravo, P.V.L.3    do Rosário, V.E.4
  • 5
    • 65449128553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping the spread of malaria drug resistance
    • Anderson TJ 2009. Mapping the spread of malaria drug resistance. PLoS Med 6: e1000054.
    • (2009) PLoS Med , vol.6
    • Anderson, T.J.1
  • 6
    • 19544366088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are transporter genes other than the chloroquine resistance locus (pfcrt) and multidrug resistance gene (pfmdr) associated with antimalarial drug resistance?
    • Anderson TJ, Nair S, Qin H, Singlam S, Brockman A, Paiphun L, Nosten F 2005. Are transporter genes other than the chloroquine resistance locus (pfcrt) and multidrug resistance gene (pfmdr) associated with antimalarial drug resistance? Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49: 2180-2188.
    • (2005) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.49 , pp. 2180-2188
    • Anderson, T.J.1    Nair, S.2    Qin, H.3    Singlam, S.4    Brockman, A.5    Paiphun, L.6    Nosten, F.7
  • 7
    • 19344374172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origins and spread of antimalarial drug resistance: Lessons for policy makers
    • Anderson TJ, Roper C 2005. The origins and spread of antimalarial drug resistance: lessons for policy makers. Acta Trop 94: 269-280.
    • (2005) Acta Trop , vol.94 , pp. 269-280
    • Anderson, T.J.1    Roper, C.2
  • 9
    • 79955650439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population genetic analyses of Pfcrt haplotypes reveal the evolutionary history of chloroquine-resistant malaria in India
    • Awasthi G, Prasad GB, Das A 2011. Population genetic analyses of Pfcrt haplotypes reveal the evolutionary history of chloroquine-resistant malaria in India. Int J Parasitol 41: 705-709.
    • (2011) Int J Parasitol , vol.41 , pp. 705-709
    • Awasthi, G.1    Prasad, G.B.2    Das, A.3
  • 10
    • 84857089282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pfcrt haplotypes and the evolutionary history of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum
    • Awasthi G, Satya GBK, Das A 2012. Pfcrt haplotypes and the evolutionary history of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 107: 129-134.
    • (2012) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz , vol.107 , pp. 129-134
    • Awasthi, G.1    Satya, G.B.K.2    Das, A.3
  • 11
    • 0035873715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-level chloroquine resistance in Sudanese isolates of Plasmodium falciparum is associated with mutations in the chloroquine resistance transporter gene pfcrt and the multidrug resistance gene pfmdr 1
    • Babiker HA, Pringle SJ, Abdel-Muhsin A, Mackinnon M, Hunt P, Walliker D 2001. High-level chloroquine resistance in Sudanese isolates of Plasmodium falciparum is associated with mutations in the chloroquine resistance transporter gene pfcrt and the multidrug resistance gene pfmdr 1. J Infect Dis 183: 1535-1538.
    • (2001) J Infect Dis , vol.183 , pp. 1535-1538
    • Babiker, H.A.1    Pringle, S.J.2    Abdel-Muhsin, A.3    McKinnon, M.4    Hunt, P.5    Walliker, D.6
  • 13
    • 0032729830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum and polymorphism of the cg2 gene
    • Basco LK, Ringwald P 1999. Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum and polymorphism of the cg2 gene. J Infect Dis 180: 1979-1986.
    • (1999) J Infect Dis , vol.180 , pp. 1979-1986
    • Basco, L.K.1    Ringwald, P.2
  • 14
    • 0035345945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Point mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum cg2 gene, polymorphism of the kappa repeat region and their relationship with chloroquine resistance
    • Basco LK, Ringwald P 2001. Point mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum cg2 gene, polymorphism of the kappa repeat region and their relationship with chloroquine resistance. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95: 309-314.
    • (2001) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.95 , pp. 309-314
    • Basco, L.K.1    Ringwald, P.2
  • 16
    • 72349094323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine and sequence variation in Pfcrt gene among patients with falciparum malaria in central India
    • Bharti PK, Alam MT, Boxer R, Shukla MM, Gautam SP, Sharma YD, Singh N 2009. Therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine and sequence variation in Pfcrt gene among patients with falciparum malaria in central India. Trop Med Int Health 15: 3340.
    • (2009) Trop Med Int Health , vol.15 , pp. 3340
    • Bharti, P.K.1    Alam, M.T.2    Boxer, R.3    Shukla, M.M.4    Gautam, S.P.5    Sharma, Y.D.6    Singh, N.7
  • 20
    • 79851512326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence and gene expression of chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) in the association of in vitro drugs resistance of Plasmodium falciparum
    • Chaijaroenkul W, Ward SA, Mungthin M, Johnson D, Owen A, Bray PG, Na-Bangchang K 2011. Sequence and gene expression of chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) in the association of in vitro drugs resistance of Plasmodium falciparum. Malar J 10: 42.
    • (2011) Malar J , vol.10 , pp. 42
    • Chaijaroenkul, W.1    Ward, S.A.2    Mungthin, M.3    Johnson, D.4    Owen, A.5    Bray, P.G.6    Na-Bangchang, K.7
  • 21
    • 84855853686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) exon 2 haplotypes in the Pacific from 1959 to 1979
    • Chan CW, Spathis R, Reiff DM, McGrath SE, Garruto RM, Lum JK 2012. Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) exon 2 haplotypes in the Pacific from 1959 to 1979. PLoS ONE 7: e30213.
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7
    • Chan, C.W.1    Spathis, R.2    Reiff, D.M.3    McGrath, S.E.4    Garruto, R.M.5    Lum, J.K.6
  • 22
    • 0242290995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pfcrt allelic types with two novel amino acid mutations in chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum isolates from the Philippines
    • Chen N, Kyle DE, Pasay C 2003. Pfcrt allelic types with two novel amino acid mutations in chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum isolates from the Philippines. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47: 3500-3505.
    • (2003) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.47 , pp. 3500-3505
    • Chen, N.1    Kyle, D.E.2    Pasay, C.3
  • 23
    • 0037130173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malaria variorum
    • Clark AG 2002. Malaria variorum. Nature 418: 283-285.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 283-285
    • Clark, A.G.1
  • 24
    • 0000483811 scopus 로고
    • Pitfalls in a discovery: The chronicle of chloroquine
    • Coatney GR 1963. Pitfalls in a discovery: the chronicle of chloroquine. Am J Trop Med Hyg 12: 121-128.
    • (1963) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.12 , pp. 121-128
    • Coatney, G.R.1
  • 25
    • 0036806981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Venezuelan state of Bolivar
    • Contreras CE, Cortese JF, Caraballo A, Plowe CV 2002. Genetics of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Venezuelan state of Bolivar. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67: 400-405.
    • (2002) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.67 , pp. 400-405
    • Contreras, C.E.1    Cortese, J.F.2    Caraballo, A.3    Plowe, C.V.4
  • 26
    • 18244396971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative mutations at position 76 of the vacuolar transmembrane protein PfCRT are associated with chloroquine resistance and unique stereospecific quinine and quinidine responses in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Cooper RA, Ferdig MT, Su XZ, Ursos LM, Mu J, Nomura T, Fujioka H, Fidock DA, Roepe PD, Wellems TE 2002. Alternative mutations at position 76 of the vacuolar transmembrane protein PfCRT are associated with chloroquine resistance and unique stereospecific quinine and quinidine responses in Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Pharmacol 61: 35-42.
    • (2002) Mol Pharmacol , vol.61 , pp. 35-42
    • Cooper, R.A.1    Ferdig, M.T.2    Su, X.Z.3    Ursos, L.M.4    Mu, J.5    Nomura, T.6    Fujioka, H.7    Fidock, D.A.8    Roepe, P.D.9    Wellems, T.E.10
  • 27
    • 19344366882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pfcrt is more than the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance gene: A functional and evolutionary perspective
    • Cooper RA, Hartwig CL, Ferdig MT 2005. Pfcrt is more than the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance gene: a functional and evolutionary perspective. Acta Trop 94: 170-180.
    • (2005) Acta Trop , vol.94 , pp. 170-180
    • Cooper, R.A.1    Hartwig, C.L.2    Ferdig, M.T.3
  • 28
    • 0036786291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin and dissemination of Plasmodium falciparum drug-resistance mutations in South America
    • Cortese JF, Caraballo A, Contreras CE, Plowe CV 2002. Origin and dissemination of Plasmodium falciparum drug-resistance mutations in South America. J Infect Dis 186: 999-1006.
    • (2002) J Infect Dis , vol.186 , pp. 999-1006
    • Cortese, J.F.1    Caraballo, A.2    Contreras, C.E.3    Plowe, C.V.4
  • 29
    • 0028014644 scopus 로고
    • Selection for mefloquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is linked to amplification of the pfmdr 1 gene and cross-resistance to halofantrine and quinine
    • Cowman AF, Galatis D, Thompson JK 1994. Selection for mefloquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is linked to amplification of the pfmdr 1 gene and cross-resistance to halofantrine and quinine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 1143-1147.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 1143-1147
    • Cowman, A.F.1    Galatis, D.2    Thompson, J.K.3
  • 30
    • 33947655786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite polymorphism within pfcrt provides evidence of continuing evolution of chloroquine-resistant alleles in Papua New Guinea
    • DaRe JT, Mehlotra RK, Michon P, Mueller I, Reeder J, Sharma YD, Stoneking M, Zimmerman PA 2007. Microsatellite polymorphism within pfcrt provides evidence of continuing evolution of chloroquine-resistant alleles in Papua New Guinea. Malar J 6: 34.
    • (2007) Malar J , vol.6 , pp. 34
    • DaRe, J.T.1    Mehlotra, R.K.2    Michon, P.3    Mueller, I.4    Reeder, J.5    Sharma, Y.D.6    Stoneking, M.7    Zimmerman, P.A.8
  • 31
    • 33947222041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary paradigm of chloroquine-resistant malaria in India
    • Das A, Dash AP 2007. Evolutionary paradigm of chloroquine-resistant malaria in India. Trends Parasitol 23: 132-135.
    • (2007) Trends Parasitol , vol.23 , pp. 132-135
    • Das, A.1    Dash, A.P.2
  • 36
    • 19344377032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of the pfmdr1 gene to antimalarial drug-resistance
    • Duraisingh MT, Cowman AF 2005. Contribution of the pfmdr1 gene to antimalarial drug-resistance. Acta Trop 94: 181-190.
    • (2005) Acta Trop , vol.94 , pp. 181-190
    • Duraisingh, M.T.1    Cowman, A.F.2
  • 37
    • 23744443564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple drug resistance genes in malaria-from epistasis to epidemiology
    • Duraisingh MT, Refour P 2005. Multiple drug resistance genes in malaria-from epistasis to epidemiology. Mol Microbiol 54: 874-877.
    • (2005) Mol Microbiol , vol.54 , pp. 874-877
    • Duraisingh, M.T.1    Refour, P.2
  • 38
    • 0002745249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkage disequilibrium between two chromosomally distinct loci associated with increased resistance to chloroquine in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Duraisingh MT, von Seidlein LV, Jepson A, Jones P, Sambou I, Pinder M, Warhurst DC 2000. Linkage disequilibrium between two chromosomally distinct loci associated with increased resistance to chloroquine in Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitology 121: 1-7.
    • (2000) Parasitology , vol.121 , pp. 1-7
    • Duraisingh, M.T.1    von Seidlein, L.V.2    Jepson, A.3    Jones, P.4    Sambou, I.5    Pinder, M.6    Warhurst, D.C.7
  • 39
    • 0033066723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of κ and ω repeats of the cg2 gene and chloroquine susceptibility in isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from sub-Saharan Africa
    • Durand R, Gabbett E, Di Piazza JP, Delabre JF, Le Bras J 1999. Analysis of κ and ω repeats of the cg2 gene and chloroquine susceptibility in isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from sub-Saharan Africa. Mol Biochem Parasitol 101: 185-197.
    • (1999) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.101 , pp. 185-197
    • Durand, R.1    Gabbett, E.2    Di Piazza, J.P.3    Delabre, J.F.4    Le Bras, J.5
  • 40
    • 0035946415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of pfcrt point mutations and chloroquine susceptibility in isolates of Plasmodium falciparum
    • Durand R, Jafari S, Vauzelle J, Delabre JF, Jesic Z, Le Bras J 2001. Analysis of pfcrt point mutations and chloroquine susceptibility in isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Biochem Parasitol 114: 95-102.
    • (2001) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.114 , pp. 95-102
    • Durand, R.1    Jafari, S.2    Vauzelle, J.3    Delabre, J.F.4    Jesic, Z.5    Le Bras, J.6
  • 41
    • 2942622405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in the sequence and expression of the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (Pfcrt) and their relationship to chloroquine resistance in vitro
    • Durand V, Berry A, Sem R, Glaziou P, Beaudou J, Fandeur T 2004. Variations in the sequence and expression of the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (Pfcrt) and their relationship to chloroquine resistance in vitro. Mol Biochem Parasitol 136: 273-285.
    • (2004) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.136 , pp. 273-285
    • Durand, V.1    Berry, A.2    Sem, R.3    Glaziou, P.4    Beaudou, J.5    Fandeur, T.6
  • 42
    • 0033827908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digestive vacuolar pH of intact intraerythrocytic P. falciparum either sensitive or resistant to chloroquine
    • Dzekunov SM, Ursos LM, Roepe PD 2000. Digestive vacuolar pH of intact intraerythrocytic P. falciparum either sensitive or resistant to chloroquine. Mol Biochem Parasitol 110: 107-124.
    • (2000) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.110 , pp. 107-124
    • Dzekunov, S.M.1    Ursos, L.M.2    Roepe, P.D.3
  • 43
    • 39049132986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphisms in the pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes of Plasmodium falciparum and in vitro susceptibility to amodiaquine and desethylamodiaquine
    • Echeverry DF, Holmgren G, Murillo C 2007. Polymorphisms in the pfcrt and pfmdr1 genes of Plasmodium falciparum and in vitro susceptibility to amodiaquine and desethylamodiaquine. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 1034-1038.
    • (2007) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.77 , pp. 1034-1038
    • Echeverry, D.F.1    Holmgren, G.2    Murillo, C.3
  • 45
    • 34548635564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in understanding the genetic basis of antimalarial drug resistance
    • Ekland EH, Fidock DA 2007. Advances in understanding the genetic basis of antimalarial drug resistance. Curr Opin Microbiol 10: 363-370.
    • (2007) Curr Opin Microbiol , vol.10 , pp. 363-370
    • Ekland, E.H.1    Fidock, D.A.2
  • 48
    • 1142297431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ferriprotoporphyrin IX, phospholipids and the antimalarial actions of quinoline drugs
    • Fitch CD 2004. Ferriprotoporphyrin IX, phospholipids and the antimalarial actions of quinoline drugs. Life Sci 74: 1957-1972.
    • (2004) Life Sci , vol.74 , pp. 1957-1972
    • Fitch, C.D.1
  • 49
    • 0025269612 scopus 로고
    • Several alleles of the multidrug-resistance gene are closely linked to chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Foote SJ, Kyle DE, Martin RK, Oduola AM, Forsyth K, Kemp DJ, Cowman AF 1990. Several alleles of the multidrug-resistance gene are closely linked to chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Nature 345: 255-258.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.345 , pp. 255-258
    • Foote, S.J.1    Kyle, D.E.2    Martin, R.K.3    Oduola, A.M.4    Forsyth, K.5    Kemp, D.J.6    Cowman, A.F.7
  • 50
    • 33749008534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical linkage to drug resistance genes results in conservation of var genes among west pacific Plasmodium falciparum isolates
    • Fowler EV, Chavchich M, Chen N, Peters JM, Kyle DE, Gatton ML, Cheng Q 2006. Physical linkage to drug resistance genes results in conservation of var genes among west pacific Plasmodium falciparum isolates. J Infect Dis 194: 939-948.
    • (2006) J Infect Dis , vol.194 , pp. 939-948
    • Fowler, E.V.1    Chavchich, M.2    Chen, N.3    Peters, J.M.4    Kyle, D.E.5    Gatton, M.L.6    Cheng, Q.7
  • 51
    • 77949437676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of pfcrt alleles CVMNK and CVIET in chloroquine-treated Sudanese patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum
    • Gadalla NB, Elzaki SE, Mukhtar S, Warhurst DC, El-Sayed B, Sutherland CJ 2010. Dynamics of pfcrt alleles CVMNK and CVIET in chloroquine-treated Sudanese patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Malar J 9: 74.
    • (2010) Malar J , vol.9 , pp. 74
    • Gadalla, N.B.1    Elzaki, S.E.2    Mukhtar, S.3    Warhurst, D.C.4    El-Sayed, B.5    Sutherland, C.J.6
  • 52
    • 80051731809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemoresistance of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax parasites in Brazil: Consequences on disease morbidity and control
    • Gama BE, Lacerda MVG, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Ferreira-da-Cruz MF 2011. Chemoresistance of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax parasites in Brazil: consequences on disease morbidity and control. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 106 (Suppl. I): 159-166.
    • (2011) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz , vol.106 , Issue.SUPPL. I , pp. 159-166
    • Gama, B.E.1    Lacerda, M.V.G.2    Daniel-Ribeiro, C.T.3    Ferreira-da-Cruz, M.F.4
  • 54
    • 0031792787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of glutathione dependent degradation of heme by chloroquine and amodiaquine as a possible basis for their antimalarial mode of action
    • Ginsburg H, Famin O, Zhang J, Krugliak M 1998. Inhibition of glutathione dependent degradation of heme by chloroquine and amodiaquine as a possible basis for their antimalarial mode of action. Biochem Pharmacol 56: 1305-1313.
    • (1998) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.56 , pp. 1305-1313
    • Ginsburg, H.1    Famin, O.2    Zhang, J.3    Krugliak, M.4
  • 55
    • 0347659255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutathione is involved in the antimalarial action of chloroquine and its modulation affects drug sensitivity of human and murine species of Plasmodium
    • Ginsburg H, Golenser J 2003. Glutathione is involved in the antimalarial action of chloroquine and its modulation affects drug sensitivity of human and murine species of Plasmodium. Redox Rep 8: 276-279.
    • (2003) Redox Rep , vol.8 , pp. 276-279
    • Ginsburg, H.1    Golenser, J.2
  • 58
    • 77955466057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malaria parasite genome scan: Insights into antimalarial resistance
    • Gupta B, Awasthi G, Das A 2010. Malaria parasite genome scan: insights into antimalarial resistance. Parasitol Res 107: 495-499.
    • (2010) Parasitol Res , vol.107 , pp. 495-499
    • Gupta, B.1    Awasthi, G.2    Das, A.3
  • 59
    • 0030771149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model for the origins and spread of drug resistant malaria
    • Hastings IM 1997. A model for the origins and spread of drug resistant malaria. Parasitology 115: 133-141.
    • (1997) Parasitology , vol.115 , pp. 133-141
    • Hastings, I.M.1
  • 60
    • 0034255798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling a predictable disaster: The rise and spread of drug-resistant malaria
    • Hastings IM, D'Alessandro U 2000. Modeling a predictable disaster: the rise and spread of drug-resistant malaria. Parasitol Today 16: 340-347.
    • (2000) Parasitol Today , vol.16 , pp. 340-347
    • Hastings, I.M.1    D'Alessandro, U.2
  • 61
    • 19344365271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensity of malaria transmission and the evolution of drug resistance
    • Hastings IM, Watkins WM 2005. Intensity of malaria transmission and the evolution of drug resistance. Acta Trop 94: 218-229.
    • (2005) Acta Trop , vol.94 , pp. 218-229
    • Hastings, I.M.1    Watkins, W.M.2
  • 62
    • 0037192926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of drug-resistant malaria: The role of drug elimination half-life
    • Hastings IM, Watkins WM, White NJ 2002. The evolution of drug-resistant malaria: the role of drug elimination half-life. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 357: 505-519.
    • (2002) Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , vol.357 , pp. 505-519
    • Hastings, I.M.1    Watkins, W.M.2    White, N.J.3
  • 63
    • 64849116595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of molecular markers in Plasmodium falciparum crt and mdr1 with in vitro chloroquine resistance: A Philippine study
    • Hatabu T, Iwagami M, Kawazu S, Taguchi N, Escueta AD, Villacorte EA, Rivera PT, Kano S 2009. Association of molecular markers in Plasmodium falciparum crt and mdr1 with in vitro chloroquine resistance: a Philippine study. Parasitol Int 58: 166-170.
    • (2009) Parasitol Int , vol.58 , pp. 166-170
    • Hatabu, T.1    Iwagami, M.2    Kawazu, S.3    Taguchi, N.4    Escueta, A.D.5    Villacorte, E.A.6    Rivera, P.T.7    Kano, S.8
  • 64
    • 33646184000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro susceptibility and genetic variations for chloroquine and mefloquine in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Thai-Myanmar border
    • Hatabu T, Kawazu S, Kojima S, Sato K, Singhasivanon P, Looareesuwan S, Kano S 2005. In vitro susceptibility and genetic variations for chloroquine and mefloquine in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Thai-Myanmar border. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 36 (Suppl. 4): S73-S79.
    • (2005) Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health , vol.36 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Hatabu, T.1    Kawazu, S.2    Kojima, S.3    Sato, K.4    Singhasivanon, P.5    Looareesuwan, S.6    Kano, S.7
  • 65
    • 1642565140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic and biochemical aspects of drug resistance in malaria parasites
    • Hayton K, Su X-z 2004. Genetic and biochemical aspects of drug resistance in malaria parasites. Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord 4: 1-10.
    • (2004) Curr Drug Targets Infect Disord , vol.4 , pp. 1-10
    • Hayton, K.1    Su, X.-Z.2
  • 66
    • 55349093261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug resistance and genetic mapping in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Hayton K, Su X-z 2008. Drug resistance and genetic mapping in Plasmodium falciparum. Curr Genet 54: 223-239.
    • (2008) Curr Genet , vol.54 , pp. 223-239
    • Hayton, K.1    Su, X.-Z.2
  • 67
    • 33646881538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amodiaquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in vivo is associated with selection of pfcrt 76T and pfmdr 1 86Y
    • Holmgren G, Gil JP, Ferreira PM, Veiga MI, Obonyo CO, Björkman A 2006. Amodiaquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in vivo is associated with selection of pfcrt 76T and pfmdr 1 86Y. Infect Genet Evol 6: 309-314.
    • (2006) Infect Genet Evol , vol.6 , pp. 309-314
    • Holmgren, G.1    Gil, J.P.2    Ferreira, P.M.3    Veiga, M.I.4    Obonyo, C.O.5    Björkman, A.6
  • 68
    • 3142582982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphisms in the chloroquine resistance transporter gene in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Lombok, Indonesia
    • Huaman MC, Yoshinaga K, Suryanatha A, Suarsana N, Kanbara H 2004. Polymorphisms in the chloroquine resistance transporter gene in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Lombok, Indonesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71: 40-42.
    • (2004) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.71 , pp. 40-42
    • Huaman, M.C.1    Yoshinaga, K.2    Suryanatha, A.3    Suarsana, N.4    Kanbara, H.5
  • 69
    • 26844494887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-resistant malaria
    • Hyde JE 2005. Drug-resistant malaria. Trends Parasitol 21: 494-498.
    • (2005) Trends Parasitol , vol.21 , pp. 494-498
    • Hyde, J.E.1
  • 70
    • 33845276305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current understanding of the molecular basis of chloroquine-resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Jiang H, Joy DA, Furuya T, Su X-z 2006. Current understanding of the molecular basis of chloroquine-resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. J Postgrad Med 52: 271-276.
    • (2006) J Postgrad Med , vol.52 , pp. 271-276
    • Jiang, H.1    Joy, D.A.2    Furuya, T.3    Su, X.-Z.4
  • 72
    • 34249993729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minority-variant Pfcrt K76T mutations and chloroquine resistance, Malawi
    • Juliano JJ, Kwiek JJ, Cappell K 2007. Minority-variant Pfcrt K76T mutations and chloroquine resistance, Malawi. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 873-877.
    • (2007) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.13 , pp. 873-877
    • Juliano, J.J.1    Kwiek, J.J.2    Cappell, K.3
  • 74
    • 34548671820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-time PCR assay for rapid detection and analysis of PfCRT haplotypes of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum isolates from India
    • Keen J, Farcas GA, Zhong K, Yohanna S, Dunne MW, Kain KC 2007. Real-time PCR assay for rapid detection and analysis of PfCRT haplotypes of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum isolates from India. J Clin Microbiol 45: 2889-2893.
    • (2007) J Clin Microbiol , vol.45 , pp. 2889-2893
    • Keen, J.1    Farcas, G.A.2    Zhong, K.3    Yohanna, S.4    Dunne, M.W.5    Kain, K.C.6
  • 75
    • 0021948029 scopus 로고
    • Qinghaosu (artemisinin): An antimalarial drug from China
    • Klayman DL 1985. Qinghaosu (artemisinin): an antimalarial drug from China. Science 228: 1049-1055.
    • (1985) Science , vol.228 , pp. 1049-1055
    • Klayman, D.L.1
  • 76
    • 0025305350 scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine resistance not linked to mdr-like genes in a Plasmodium falciparum cross
    • Krogstad DJ 1990. Chloroquine resistance not linked to mdr-like genes in a Plasmodium falciparum cross. Nature 345: 253-255.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.345 , pp. 253-255
    • Krogstad, D.J.1
  • 85
    • 84856957087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential genetic hitchhiking around mutant pfcrt alleles in the Indian Plasmodium falciparum population
    • Lumb V, Madan R, Das MK, Rawat V, Dev V, Khan W, Khan H, Sharma YD 2012. Differential genetic hitchhiking around mutant pfcrt alleles in the Indian Plasmodium falciparum population. J Antimicrob Chemother 7: 600-608.
    • (2012) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.7 , pp. 600-608
    • Lumb, V.1    Madan, R.2    Das, M.K.3    Rawat, V.4    Dev, V.5    Khan, W.6    Khan, H.7    Sharma, Y.D.8
  • 86
    • 72849172913 scopus 로고
    • Development of resistance to pyrimethamine. Presentation of 15 cases studied in Trujillo, Venezuela
    • Maberti S 1960. Development of resistance to pyrimethamine. Presentation of 15 cases studied in Trujillo, Venezuela. Arch Venez Med Trop Parasitol Med 3: 239-259.
    • (1960) Arch Venez Med Trop Parasitol Med , vol.3 , pp. 239-259
    • Maberti, S.1
  • 87
    • 84881234087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellite analysis of chloroquine resistance associated alleles and neutral loci reveal genetic structure of Indian Plasmodium falciparum
    • Mallick PK, Sutton PL, Singh R, Singh OP, Dash AP, Singh AK, Carlton JM, Bhasin VK 2013. Microsatellite analysis of chloroquine resistance associated alleles and neutral loci reveal genetic structure of Indian Plasmodium falciparum. Infect Genet Evol 19: 164-175.
    • (2013) Infect Genet Evol , vol.19 , pp. 164-175
    • Mallick, P.K.1    Sutton, P.L.2    Singh, R.3    Singh, O.P.4    Dash, A.P.5    Singh, A.K.6    Carlton, J.M.7    Bhasin, V.K.8
  • 88
    • 4944253804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The malaria parasite's chloroquine resistance transporter is a member of the drug/metabolite transporter superfamily
    • Martin RE, Kirk K 2004. The malaria parasite's chloroquine resistance transporter is a member of the drug/metabolite transporter superfamily. Mol Biol Evol 21: 1938-1949.
    • (2004) Mol Biol Evol , vol.21 , pp. 1938-1949
    • Martin, R.E.1    Kirk, K.2
  • 90
    • 84892457955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of multiple chloroquine-resistant Pfcrt haplotypes and emergence of the S(agt)VMNT type in Cameroonian Plasmodium falciparum
    • doi: 10.1093/jac/dkt388
    • Mbenda HGN, Das A 2013. Occurrence of multiple chloroquine-resistant Pfcrt haplotypes and emergence of the S(agt)VMNT type in Cameroonian Plasmodium falciparum. J Antimicrob Chemother doi: 10.1093/jac/dkt388.
    • (2013) J Antimicrob Chemother
    • Mbenda, H.G.N.1    Das, A.2
  • 91
    • 0035940425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of a unique Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistance phenotype in association with Pfcrt polymorphism in Papua New Guinea and South America
    • Mehlotra RK, Fujioka H, Roepe PD 2001. Evolution of a unique Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistance phenotype in association with Pfcrt polymorphism in Papua New Guinea and South America. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 12689-12694.
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.98 , pp. 12689-12694
    • Mehlotra, R.K.1    Fujioka, H.2    Roepe, P.D.3
  • 93
    • 33645829827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency distribution of antimalarial drug-resistant alleles among isolates of Plasmodium falciparum in Bangui, Central African Republic
    • Menard D, Djalle D, Yapou F, Manirakiza A, Talarmin A 2006. Frequency distribution of antimalarial drug-resistant alleles among isolates of Plasmodium falciparum in Bangui, Central African Republic. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 205-210.
    • (2006) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.74 , pp. 205-210
    • Menard, D.1    Djalle, D.2    Yapou, F.3    Manirakiza, A.4    Talarmin, A.5
  • 94
    • 0042808413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery of chloroquine sensitivity and low prevalence of the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene mutation K76T following the discontinuance of chloroquine use in Malawi
    • Mita T, Kaneko A, Lum JK, Bwijo B, Takechi M, Zungu IL, Tsukahara T, Tanabe K, Kobayakawa T, Bjorkman A 2003. Recovery of chloroquine sensitivity and low prevalence of the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene mutation K76T following the discontinuance of chloroquine use in Malawi. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68: 413-415.
    • (2003) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.68 , pp. 413-415
    • Mita, T.1    Kaneko, A.2    Lum, J.K.3    Bwijo, B.4    Takechi, M.5    Zungu, I.L.6    Tsukahara, T.7    Tanabe, K.8    Kobayakawa, T.9    Bjorkman, A.10
  • 95
    • 1842662623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expansion of wild type allele rather than back mutation in pfcrt explains the recent recovery of chloroquine sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum in Malawi
    • Mita T, Kaneko A, Lum JK, Zungu IL, Tsukahara T, Eto H, Kobayakawa T, Bjorkman A, Tanabe K 2004. Expansion of wild type allele rather than back mutation in pfcrt explains the recent recovery of chloroquine sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum in Malawi. Mol Biochem Parasitol 135: 159-163.
    • (2004) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.135 , pp. 159-163
    • Mita, T.1    Kaneko, A.2    Lum, J.K.3    Zungu, I.L.4    Tsukahara, T.5    Eto, H.6    Kobayakawa, T.7    Bjorkman, A.8    Tanabe, K.9
  • 96
    • 84869746661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance: Implications for the development and containment of artemisinin resistance
    • Mita T, Tanabe K 2012. Evolution of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance: implications for the development and containment of artemisinin resistance. Jpn J Infect Dis 65: 465-475.
    • (2012) Jpn J Infect Dis , vol.65 , pp. 465-475
    • Mita, T.1    Tanabe, K.2
  • 97
    • 67650397861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spread and evolution of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance
    • Mita T, Tanabe K, Kita K 2009. Spread and evolution of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance. Parasitol Int 58: 201-209.
    • (2009) Parasitol Int , vol.58 , pp. 201-209
    • Mita, T.1    Tanabe, K.2    Kita, K.3
  • 100
    • 73049131045 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the two Plasmodium falciparum infections with an abnormal response to chloroquine
    • Moore DV, Lanier JE 1961. Observations on the two Plasmodium falciparum infections with an abnormal response to chloroquine. Am J Trop Med Hyg 10: 5-9.
    • (1961) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.10 , pp. 5-9
    • Moore, D.V.1    Lanier, J.E.2
  • 101
    • 26444574740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombination hotspots and population structure in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Mu J, Awadalla P, Duan J 2005. Recombination hotspots and population structure in Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Biol 3: e335.
    • (2005) PLoS Biol , vol.3
    • Mu, J.1    Awadalla, P.2    Duan, J.3
  • 104
    • 77953665105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent progress in functional genomic research in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Mu J, Seydel KB, Bates A, Su X-z 2010b. Recent progress in functional genomic research in Plasmodium falciparum. Curr Genomics 11: 279-286.
    • (2010) Curr Genomics , vol.11 , pp. 279-286
    • Mu, J.1    Seydel, K.B.2    Bates, A.3    Su, X.-Z.4
  • 107
    • 0037502801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of pfcrt, pfmdr 1, dhfr and dhps mutations and drug sensitivities in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from patients in Vietnam before and after treatment with artemisinin
    • Ngo T, Duraisingh M, Reed M, Hipgrave D, Biggs B, Cowman AF 2003. Analysis of pfcrt, pfmdr 1, dhfr and dhps mutations and drug sensitivities in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from patients in Vietnam before and after treatment with artemisinin. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68: 350-356.
    • (2003) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.68 , pp. 350-356
    • Ngo, T.1    Duraisingh, M.2    Reed, M.3    Hipgrave, D.4    Biggs, B.5    Cowman, A.F.6
  • 108
    • 54549109157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of CVIET Pfcrt allele of Plasmodium falciparum in placenta of pregnant women living in an urban area of Dakar, Senegal
    • Niang M, Marrama L, Ekala MT 2008. Accumulation of CVIET Pfcrt allele of Plasmodium falciparum in placenta of pregnant women living in an urban area of Dakar, Senegal. J Antimicrob Chemother 62: 921-928.
    • (2008) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.62 , pp. 921-928
    • Niang, M.1    Marrama, L.2    Ekala, M.T.3
  • 109
    • 34547626439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance-mediating Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt and pfmdr1 alleles after treatment with artesunate-amodiaquine in Uganda
    • Nsobya SL, Dokomajilar C, Joloba M, Dorsey G, Rosenthal PJ 2007. Resistance-mediating Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt and pfmdr1 alleles after treatment with artesunate-amodiaquine in Uganda. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51: 3023-3025.
    • (2007) Antimicrob Agents Chemother , vol.51 , pp. 3023-3025
    • Nsobya, S.L.1    Dokomajilar, C.2    Joloba, M.3    Dorsey, G.4    Rosenthal, P.J.5
  • 110
    • 0028011015 scopus 로고
    • Hemoglobin catabolism and the killing of intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum by chloroquine
    • Orjih AU, Ryerse JS, Fitch CD 1994. Hemoglobin catabolism and the killing of intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum by chloroquine. Experientia 50: 34-39.
    • (1994) Experientia , vol.50 , pp. 34-39
    • Orjih, A.U.1    Ryerse, J.S.2    Fitch, C.D.3
  • 112
    • 0023630539 scopus 로고
    • Spread of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Payne D 1987. Spread of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Parasitol Today 3: 241-246.
    • (1987) Parasitol Today , vol.3 , pp. 241-246
    • Payne, D.1
  • 114
    • 65649126746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence for correlation between molecular markers of parasite resistance and treatment outcome in falciparum malaria
    • Picot S, Olliaro P, de Monbrison F, Bienvenu AL, Price RN, Ringwald P 2009. A systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence for correlation between molecular markers of parasite resistance and treatment outcome in falciparum malaria. Malar J 8: 89.
    • (2009) Malar J , vol.8 , pp. 89
    • Picot, S.1    Olliaro, P.2    de Monbrison, F.3    Bienvenu, A.L.4    Price, R.N.5    Ringwald, P.6
  • 115
    • 42449088889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies on antimalarial drug susceptibility in Colombia, in relation to Pfmdr1 and Pfcrt
    • Pineda ER, Arango E, do Rosário VEMA, Cravo P 2008. Studies on antimalarial drug susceptibility in Colombia, in relation to Pfmdr1 and Pfcrt. Parasitology 135: 547-553.
    • (2008) Parasitology , vol.135 , pp. 547-553
    • Pineda, E.R.1    Arango, E.2    do Rosário, V.E.M.A.3    Cravo, P.4
  • 116
    • 62849089546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of drug-resistant malaria
    • Plowe CV 2009. The evolution of drug-resistant malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1035: 11-14.
    • (2009) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol.1035 , pp. 11-14
    • Plowe, C.V.1
  • 117
    • 3242659345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pfcrt and pfmdr1 alleles associated with chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum from Guyana, South America
    • Plummer WB, Pereira LMP, Carrington CVF 2004. Pfcrt and pfmdr1 alleles associated with chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum from Guyana, South America. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 99: 389-392.
    • (2004) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz , vol.99 , pp. 389-392
    • Plummer, W.B.1    Pereira, L.M.P.2    Carrington, C.V.F.3
  • 119
    • 65549119262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of a Plasmodium falcipa-rum multidrug resistance-associated protein (PfMRP) alters its fitness and transport of antimalarial drugs and glutathione
    • Raj DK, Mu J, Jiang H, Kabat J, Singh S, Sullivan M, Fay MP, McCutchan TF, Su X-z 2009. Disruption of a Plasmodium falcipa-rum multidrug resistance-associated protein (PfMRP) alters its fitness and transport of antimalarial drugs and glutathione. J Biol Chem 284: 7687-7696.
    • (2009) J Biol Chem , vol.284 , pp. 7687-7696
    • Raj, D.K.1    Mu, J.2    Jiang, H.3    Kabat, J.4    Singh, S.5    Sullivan, M.6    Fay, M.P.7    McCutchan, T.F.8    Su, X.-Z.9
  • 123
    • 0034708162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pgh1 modulates sensitivity and resistance to multiple antimalarials in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Reed MB, Saliba KJ, Caruana SR, Kirk K, Cowman AF 2000. Pgh1 modulates sensitivity and resistance to multiple antimalarials in Plasmodium falciparum. Nature 403: 906-909.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.403 , pp. 906-909
    • Reed, M.B.1    Saliba, K.J.2    Caruana, S.R.3    Kirk, K.4    Cowman, A.F.5
  • 124
    • 66549097455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium falciparum: High frequency of pfcrt point mutations and emergence of new mutant haplotypes in Colombia
    • Restrepo E, Fonseca JC, Maestre A 2008. Plasmodium falciparum: high frequency of pfcrt point mutations and emergence of new mutant haplotypes in Colombia. Biomedica 28: 523-530.
    • (2008) Biomedica , vol.28 , pp. 523-530
    • Restrepo, E.1    Fonseca, J.C.2    Maestre, A.3
  • 125
    • 0019729812 scopus 로고
    • Malarial infections with Plasmodium falciparum resistant to chloroquine treatment. The situation in Brazil (1960-1981)
    • Reyes S 1981. Malarial infections with Plasmodium falciparum resistant to chloroquine treatment. The situation in Brazil (1960-1981). Rev Bras Malariol Doencas Trop 33: 109-130.
    • (1981) Rev Bras Malariol Doencas Trop , vol.33 , pp. 109-130
    • Reyes, S.1
  • 126
    • 0037034009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical need, scientific opportunity and the drive for anti-malarial drugs
    • Ridley RG 2002. Medical need, scientific opportunity and the drive for anti-malarial drugs. Nature 415: 686-693.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.415 , pp. 686-693
    • Ridley, R.G.1
  • 127
    • 66949146530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and physiologic basis of quinoline drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria
    • Roepe PD 2009. Molecular and physiologic basis of quinoline drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Future Microbiol 4: 441-455.
    • (2009) Future Microbiol , vol.4 , pp. 441-455
    • Roepe, P.D.1
  • 128
    • 78650412168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protecting the malaria drug arsenal: Halting the rise and spread of amodiaquine resistance by monitoring the PfCRT SVMNT type
    • Sa JM, Twu O 2010. Protecting the malaria drug arsenal: halting the rise and spread of amodiaquine resistance by monitoring the PfCRT SVMNT type. Malar J 9: 374.
    • (2010) Malar J , vol.9 , pp. 374
    • Sa, J.M.1    Twu, O.2
  • 129
    • 73149118025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic patterns of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance distinguished by differential responses to amodiaquine and chloroquine
    • Sa JM, Twu O, Hayton K, Reyes S, Fay MP, Ringwald P, Wellems TE 2009. Geographic patterns of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance distinguished by differential responses to amodiaquine and chloroquine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 18883-18889.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.106 , pp. 18883-18889
    • Sa, J.M.1    Twu, O.2    Hayton, K.3    Reyes, S.4    Fay, M.P.5    Ringwald, P.6    Wellems, T.E.7
  • 130
    • 33645960137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limited allelic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 gene from populations in the Solomon Islands
    • Sakihama N, Ohmae H, Bakote'e B, Kawabata M, Hirayama K, Tanabe K 2006. Limited allelic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 gene from populations in the Solomon Islands. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 31-40.
    • (2006) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.74 , pp. 31-40
    • Sakihama, N.1    Ohmae, H.2    Bakote'e, B.3    Kawabata, M.4    Hirayama, K.5    Tanabe, K.6
  • 131
    • 77954029768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transporters as mediators of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Sanchez CP, Dave A, Stein WD 2010. Transporters as mediators of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Int J Parasitol 40: 1109-1118.
    • (2010) Int J Parasitol , vol.40 , pp. 1109-1118
    • Sanchez, C.P.1    Dave, A.2    Stein, W.D.3
  • 132
    • 22744436592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a pfcrt-associated chloroquine efflux system in the human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum
    • Sanchez CP, McLean JE, Rohrbach P, Fidock DA, Stein WD, Lanzer M 2005. Evidence for a pfcrt-associated chloroquine efflux system in the human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Biochemistry 44: 9862-9870.
    • (2005) Biochemistry , vol.44 , pp. 9862-9870
    • Sanchez, C.P.1    McLean, J.E.2    Rohrbach, P.3    Fidock, D.A.4    Stein, W.D.5    Lanzer, M.6
  • 133
    • 11144279334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a substrate specific and inhibitable drug efflux system in chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains
    • Sanchez CP, McLean JE, Stein W, Lanzer M 2004. Evidence for a substrate specific and inhibitable drug efflux system in chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. Biochemistry 43: 16365-16373.
    • (2004) Biochemistry , vol.43 , pp. 16365-16373
    • Sanchez, C.P.1    McLean, J.E.2    Stein, W.3    Lanzer, M.4
  • 134
    • 0042573722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trans stimulation provides evidence for a drug efflux carrier as the mechanism of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Sanchez CP, Stein W, Lanzer M 2003. Trans stimulation provides evidence for a drug efflux carrier as the mechanism of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Biochemistry 42: 9383-9394.
    • (2003) Biochemistry , vol.42 , pp. 9383-9394
    • Sanchez, C.P.1    Stein, W.2    Lanzer, M.3
  • 135
    • 33646180992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical immunity to malaria
    • Schofield L, Mueller I 2006. Clinical immunity to malaria. Curr Mol Med 6: 205-221.
    • (2006) Curr Mol Med , vol.6 , pp. 205-221
    • Schofield, L.1    Mueller, I.2
  • 136
    • 0015896092 scopus 로고
    • Resistance to chloroquine in falciparum malaria in Assam state, India
    • Sehgal PN, Sharma MID, Gogai S, 1973. Resistance to chloroquine in falciparum malaria in Assam state, India. J Comm Dis 5: 175-180.
    • (1973) J Comm Dis , vol.5 , pp. 175-180
    • Sehgal, P.N.1    Sharma, M.I.D.2    Gogai, S.3
  • 138
    • 34848854773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Battling the malaria iceberg with chloroquine in India
    • Sharma VP 2007. Battling the malaria iceberg with chloroquine in India. Malar J 6: 105.
    • (2007) Malar J , vol.6 , pp. 105
    • Sharma, V.P.1
  • 139
    • 33746302565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreasing pfmdr1 copy number in Plasmodium falciparum malaria heightens susceptibility to mefloquine, lumefantrine, halofantrine, quinine and artemisinin
    • Sidhu AB, Uhlemann AC, Valderramos SG, Valderramos JC, Krishna S, Fidock DA 2006. Decreasing pfmdr1 copy number in Plasmodium falciparum malaria heightens susceptibility to mefloquine, lumefantrine, halofantrine, quinine and artemisinin. J Infect Dis 194: 528-535.
    • (2006) J Infect Dis , vol.194 , pp. 528-535
    • Sidhu, A.B.1    Uhlemann, A.C.2    Valderramos, S.G.3    Valderramos, J.C.4    Krishna, S.5    Fidock, D.A.6
  • 140
    • 23744435838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pfmdr1 mutations contribute to quinine resistance and enhance mefloquine and artemisinin sensitivity in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Sidhu AB, Valderramos SG, Fidock DA 2005. Pfmdr1 mutations contribute to quinine resistance and enhance mefloquine and artemisinin sensitivity in Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Microbiol 57: 913-926.
    • (2005) Mol Microbiol , vol.57 , pp. 913-926
    • Sidhu, A.B.1    Valderramos, S.G.2    Fidock, D.A.3
  • 141
    • 0037020024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites conferred by pfcrt mutations
    • Sidhu AB, Verdier-Pinard D, Fidock DA 2002. Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites conferred by pfcrt mutations. Science 298: 210-213.
    • (2002) Science , vol.298 , pp. 210-213
    • Sidhu, A.B.1    Verdier-Pinard, D.2    Fidock, D.A.3
  • 143
    • 77955721942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting strong positive selection in the genome
    • Stephan W 2010. Detecting strong positive selection in the genome. Mol Ecol Resour 10: 863-872.
    • (2010) Mol Ecol Resour , vol.10 , pp. 863-872
    • Stephan, W.1
  • 144
    • 0031589733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex polymorphisms in an approximately 330 kDa protein are linked to chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum in Southeast Asia and Africa
    • Su X-z, Kirkman LA, Fujioka H, Wellems TE 1997. Complex polymorphisms in an approximately 330 kDa protein are linked to chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum in Southeast Asia and Africa. Cell 91: 593-603.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.91 , pp. 593-603
    • Su, X.-Z.1    Kirkman, L.A.2    Fujioka, H.3    Wellems, T.E.4
  • 145
    • 84862889731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Know your enemy: Understanding the role of PfCRT in drug resistance could lead to new antimalarial tactics
    • Summers RL, Nash MN, Martin RE 2012. Know your enemy: understanding the role of PfCRT in drug resistance could lead to new antimalarial tactics. Cell Mol Life Sci 69: 1967-1995.
    • (2012) Cell Mol Life Sci , vol.69 , pp. 1967-1995
    • Summers, R.L.1    Nash, M.N.2    Martin, R.E.3
  • 146
    • 79851503966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence ana-lysis of coding DNA fragments of pfcrt and pfmdr-1 genes in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Odisha, India
    • Sutar SKD, Gupta B, Ranjit M, Kar SK, Das A 2011. Sequence ana-lysis of coding DNA fragments of pfcrt and pfmdr-1 genes in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Odisha, India. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 106: 78-84.
    • (2011) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz , vol.106 , pp. 78-84
    • Sutar, S.K.D.1    Gupta, B.2    Ranjit, M.3    Kar, S.K.4    Das, A.5
  • 148
    • 1642474428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History, dynamics and public health importance of malaria parasite resistance
    • Talisuna AO, Bloland P, D'Alessandro U 2004. History, dynamics and public health importance of malaria parasite resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 17: 235-254.
    • (2004) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.17 , pp. 235-254
    • Talisuna, A.O.1    Bloland, P.2    D'Alessandro, U.3
  • 150
    • 40049095194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensity of malaria transmission and the spread of Plasmodium falciparum-resistant malaria: A review of epidemiologic field evidence
    • Talisuna AO, Okello PE, Erhart A, Coosemans M, D'Alessandro U 2007. Intensity of malaria transmission and the spread of Plasmodium falciparum-resistant malaria: a review of epidemiologic field evidence. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 170-180.
    • (2007) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.77 , pp. 170-180
    • Talisuna, A.O.1    Okello, P.E.2    Erhart, A.3    Coosemans, M.4    D'Alessandro, U.5
  • 151
    • 1642475238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable SNPs in malaria antigen genes in isolated populations
    • Tanabe K, Sakihama N, Kaneko A 2004. Stable SNPs in malaria antigen genes in isolated populations. Science 303: 493
    • (2004) Science , vol.303 , pp. 493
    • Tanabe, K.1    Sakihama, N.2    Kaneko, A.3
  • 152
    • 77955449196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International population movements and regional Plasmodium falciparum malaria elimination strategies
    • Tatem AJ, Smith DL 2010. International population movements and regional Plasmodium falciparum malaria elimination strategies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107: 12222-12227.
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.107 , pp. 12222-12227
    • Tatem, A.J.1    Smith, D.L.2
  • 155
    • 33749989605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transporters involved in resistance to antimalarial drugs
    • Valderramos SG, Fidock DA 2006. Transporters involved in resistance to antimalarial drugs. Trends Pharmacol Sci 27: 594-601.
    • (2006) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.27 , pp. 594-601
    • Valderramos, S.G.1    Fidock, D.A.2
  • 159
    • 0038095204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of the K76T mutation in the pfcrt gene of Plasmodium falciparum among chloroquine responders in India
    • Vinayak S, Biswas S, Dev V, Kumar A, Ansari MA, Sharma YD 2003. Prevalence of the K76T mutation in the pfcrt gene of Plasmodium falciparum among chloroquine responders in India. Acta Trop 87: 287-293.
    • (2003) Acta Trop , vol.87 , pp. 287-293
    • Vinayak, S.1    Biswas, S.2    Dev, V.3    Kumar, A.4    Ansari, M.A.5    Sharma, Y.D.6
  • 160
    • 33645843061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wide variation in microsatellite sequences within each Pfcrt mutant haplotype
    • Vinayak S, Mittra P, Sharma YD 2006. Wide variation in microsatellite sequences within each Pfcrt mutant haplotype. Mol Biochem Parasitol 147: 101-108.
    • (2006) Mol Biochem Parasitol , vol.147 , pp. 101-108
    • Vinayak, S.1    Mittra, P.2    Sharma, Y.D.3
  • 163
    • 19344362685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fitness of drug-resistant malaria parasites
    • Walliker D, Hunt P, Babiker H 2005. Fitness of drug-resistant malaria parasites. Acta Trop 94: 251-259.
    • (2005) Acta Trop , vol.94 , pp. 251-259
    • Walliker, D.1    Hunt, P.2    Babiker, H.3
  • 164
    • 18944368638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased prevalence of the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter 76T marker associated with cessation of chloroquine use against P. falciparum malaria in Hainan, People's Republic of China
    • Wang X, Mu J, Li G, Chen P, Guo X, Fu L, Chen L, Su X, Wellems TE 2005. Decreased prevalence of the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter 76T marker associated with cessation of chloroquine use against P. falciparum malaria in Hainan, People's Republic of China. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 410-414.
    • (2005) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.72 , pp. 410-414
    • Wang, X.1    Mu, J.2    Li, G.3    Chen, P.4    Guo, X.5    Fu, L.6    Chen, L.7    Su, X.8    Wellems, T.E.9
  • 165
    • 0026328231 scopus 로고
    • Genetic mapping of the chloroquine resistance locus on Plasmodium falciparum chromosome 7
    • Wellems T, Walker-Jonah A, Panton LJ 1991. Genetic mapping of the chloroquine resistance locus on Plasmodium falciparum chromosome 7. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 3382-3386.
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 3382-3386
    • Wellems, T.1    Walker-Jonah, A.2    Panton, L.J.3
  • 166
    • 0037020111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmodium chloroquine resistance and the search for a replacement antimalarial drug
    • Wellems TE 2002. Plasmodium chloroquine resistance and the search for a replacement antimalarial drug. Science 298: 124-126.
    • (2002) Science , vol.298 , pp. 124-126
    • Wellems, T.E.1
  • 167
    • 70349207216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of malaria parasitism: From corpuscles to communities
    • Wellems TE, Hayton K, Fairhurst RM 2009. The impact of malaria parasitism: from corpuscles to communities. J Clin Invest 119: 2496-2505.
    • (2009) J Clin Invest , vol.119 , pp. 2496-2505
    • Wellems, T.E.1    Hayton, K.2    Fairhurst, R.M.3
  • 168
    • 0035884456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine resistant malaria
    • Wellems TE, Plowe CV 2001. Chloroquine resistant malaria. J Infect Dis 184: 770-776.
    • (2001) J Infect Dis , vol.184 , pp. 770-776
    • Wellems, T.E.1    Plowe, C.V.2
  • 169
    • 0028258342 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of drug resistance in malaria
    • Wernsdorfer WH 1994. Epidemiology of drug resistance in malaria. Acta Trop 56: 143-156.
    • (1994) Acta Trop , vol.56 , pp. 143-156
    • Wernsdorfer, W.H.1
  • 170
    • 0025876495 scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Wernsdorfer WH, Payne D 1991. The dynamics of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Pharmacol Ther 50: 95-121.
    • (1991) Pharmacol Ther , vol.50 , pp. 95-121
    • Wernsdorfer, W.H.1    Payne, D.2
  • 171
    • 2142659388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimalarial drug resistance
    • White NJ 2004. Antimalarial drug resistance. J Clin Invest 113: 1084-1092.
    • (2004) J Clin Invest , vol.113 , pp. 1084-1092
    • White, N.J.1
  • 172
    • 85041933365 scopus 로고
    • Chemotherapy of malaria and resistance to antimalarials: Report of a WHO scientific group
    • WHO-World Health Organization
    • WHO-World Health Organization 1973. Chemotherapy of malaria and resistance to antimalarials: report of a WHO scientific group. WHO Tech Rep Ser 529: 1-121.
    • (1973) WHO Tech Rep Ser , vol.529 , pp. 1-121
  • 173
    • 0021744012 scopus 로고
    • Advances in malaria chemotherapy
    • WHO-World Health Organization
    • WHO-World Health Organization 1984. Advances in malaria chemotherapy. WHO Tech Rep Ser 711: 1-218.
    • (1984) WHO Tech Rep Ser , vol.711 , pp. 1-218
  • 174
  • 178
    • 34548697970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in Yunnan Province, China
    • Yang Z, Zhang Z, Sun X 2007. Molecular analysis of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in Yunnan Province, China. Trop Med Int Health 12: 1051-1060.
    • (2007) Trop Med Int Health , vol.12 , pp. 1051-1060
    • Yang, Z.1    Zhang, Z.2    Sun, X.3
  • 179
    • 0000660392 scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
    • Young MD, Moore DV 1961. Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Am J Trop Med Hyg 10: 317-320.
    • (1961) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.10 , pp. 317-320
    • Young, M.D.1    Moore, D.V.2
  • 180
    • 45349099547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of pfcrt but not pfmdr1 alleles with chloroquine resistance in Iranian isolates of Plasmodium falciparum
    • Zakeri S, Afsharpad M, Kazemzadeh T, Mehdizadeh K, Shabani A, Djadid ND 2008. Association of pfcrt but not pfmdr1 alleles with chloroquine resistance in Iranian isolates of Plasmodium falciparum. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 633-640.
    • (2008) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.78 , pp. 633-640
    • Zakeri, S.1    Afsharpad, M.2    Kazemzadeh, T.3    Mehdizadeh, K.4    Shabani, A.5    Djadid, N.D.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.