Real-time PCR assay for rapid detection and analysis of PfCRT haplotypes of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum isolates from India

Journal of Clinical Microbiology

Volumn 45, Issue 9, 2007, Pages 2889-2893

  Keen, Jessica ^a   Farcas, Gabriella A ^a   Zhong, Kathleen ^b   Yohanna, Seychelle ^b   Dunne, Michael W ^c   Kain, Kevin C ^a,b,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c PFIZER GLOBAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT   (United States)

^d TORONTO GENERAL HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHLOROQUINE; MOLECULAR MARKER;

AFRICA; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ARTICLE; HAPLOTYPE; INDIA; MALARIA; NONHUMAN; PARASITE IDENTIFICATION; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SOUTHEAST ASIA; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; SURINAME; UGANDA;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTION; ANIMALS; CHLOROQUINE; DRUG RESISTANCE; GENE FREQUENCY; GENETIC MARKERS; HAPLOTYPES; HUMANS; INDIA; MALARIA, FALCIPARUM; MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS; MIDDLE AGED; PARASITIC SENSITIVITY TESTS; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PROTOZOAN PROTEINS;

PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM;

EID: 34548671820     PISSN: 00951137     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02291-06     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Anderson, T. J., B. Haubold, J. T. Williams, J. G. Estrada-Franco, L. Richardson, R. Mollinedo, M. Bockarie, J. Mokili, S. Mharakurwa, N. French, J. Whitworth, I. D. Velez, A. H. Brockman, F. Nosten, M. U. Ferreira, and K. P. Day. 2000. Microsatellite markers reveal a spectrum of population structures in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17:1467-1482.
2. Attaran, A., K. I. Barnes, R. Bate, F. Binka, U. d'Alessandro, C. I. Fanello, L. Garrett, T. K. Mutabingwa, D. Roberts, C. H. Sibley, A. Talisuna, J. P. Van Geertruyden, and W. M. Watkins. 2006. The World Bank: false financial and statistical accounts and medical malpractice in malaria treatment. Lancet 368:247-252.
3. Bray, P. G., R. E. Martin, L. Tilley, S. A. Ward, K. Kirk, and D. A. Fidock. 2005. Defining the role of PfCRT in Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance. Mol. Microbiol. 56:323-333.
4. Carlton, J. M., D. A. Fidock, A. Djimde, C. V. Plowe, and T. E. Wellems. 2001. Conservation of a novel vacuolar transporter in Plasmodium species and its central role in chloroquine resistance of P. falciparum. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 4:415-420.
5. Chen, N., D. W. Wilson, C. Pasay, D. Bell, L. B. Martin, D. Kyle, and Q. Cheng. 2005. Origin and dissemination of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum with mutant pfcrt alleles in the Philippines. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49:2102-2105.
6. Chen, N., D. E. Kyle, C. Pasay, E. V. Fowler, J. Baker, J. M. Peters, and Q. Cheng. 2003. pfcrt allelic types with two novel amino acid mutations in chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum isolates from the Philippines. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47:3500-3505.
7. Conway, D. J., C. Fanello, J. M. Lloyd, B. M. Al-Joubori, A. H. Baloch, S. D. Somanath, C. Roper, A. M. Oduola, B. Mulder, M. M. Povoa, B. Singh, and A. W. Thomas. 2000. Origin of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is traced by mitochondrial DNA. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 111:163-171.
8. Cooper, R. A., C. L. Hartwig, and M. T. Ferdig. 2005. pfcrt is more than the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance gene: a functional and evolutionary perspective. Acta Trop. 94:170-180.
9. Djimde, A., O. K. Doumbo, J. F. Cortese, K. Kayentao, S. Doumbo, Y. Diourte, A. Dicko, X. Z. Su, T. Nomura, D. A. Fidock, T. E. Wellems, C. V. Plowe, and D. Coulibaly. 2001. A molecular marker for chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria. N. Engl. J. Med. 344:257-263.
10. Dunne, M. W., N. Singh, M. Shukla, N. Valecha, P. C. Bhattacharyya, V. Dev, K. Patel, M. K. Mohapatra, J. Lakhani, R. Benner, C. Lele, and K. Patki. 2005. A multicenter study of azithromycin, alone and in combination with chloroquine, for the treatment of acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in India. J. Infect. Dis. 191:1582-1588.
11. Durrand, V., A. Berry, R. Sem, P. Glaziou, J. Beaudou, and T. Fandeur. 2004. Variations in the sequence and expression of the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (Pfcrt) and their relationship to chloroquine resistance in vitro. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 136:273-285.
12. Farcas, G. A., R. Soeller, K. Zhong, A. Zahirieh, and K. C. Kain. 2006. Real-time PCR assay for the rapid detection and characterization of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in returned travelers. Clin. Infect. Dis. 42:622-627.
13. Fidock, D. A., T. Nomura, A. K. Talley, R. A. Cooper, S. M. Dzekunov, M. T. Ferdig, L. M. Ursos, A. B. Sidhu, B. Naude, K. W. Deitsch, X. Z. Su, J. C. Wootton, P. D. Roepe, and T. E. Wellems. 2000. Mutations in the P. falciparum digestive vacuole transmembrane protein PfCRT and evidence for their role in chloroquine resistance. Mol. Cell 6:861-871.
14. Kamya, M. R., N. N. Bakyaita, A. O. Talisuna, W. M. Were, and S. G. Staedke. 2002. Increasing antimalarial drug resistance in Uganda and revision of the national drug policy. Trop. Med. Int. Health. 7:1031-1041.
15. Kublin, J. G., J. F. Cortese, E. M. Njunju, R. A. Mukadam, J. J. Wirima, P. N. Kazembe, A. A. Djimde, B. Kouriba, T. E. Taylor, and C. V. Plowe. 2003. Reemergence of chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum malaria after cessation of chloroquine use in Malawi. J. Infect. Dis. 187:1870-1875.
16. Lim, P., S. Chy, F. Ariey, S. Incardona, P. Chim, R. Sem, M. B. Denis, S. Hewitt, S. Hoyer, D. Socheat, O. Merecreau-Pufjalon, and T. Fandeur. 2003. pfcrt polymorphism and chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum strains isolated in Cambodia. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47:87-94.
17. Mehlotra, R. K., H. Fujioka, P. D. Roepe, O. Janneh, L. M. Ursos, V. Jacobs-Lorena, D. T. McNamara, M. J. Bockarie, J. W. Kazura, D. E. Kyle, D. A. Fidock, and P. A. Zimmerman. 2001. Evolution of a unique Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistance phenotype in association with pfcrt polymorphism in Papua New Guinea and South America. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:12689-12694.
18. Mittra, P., S. Vinayak, H. Chandawat, M. K. Das, N. Singh, S. Biswas, V. Dev, A. Kumar, M. A. Ansari, and Y. D. Sharma. 2006. Progressive increase in point mutations associated with chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from India. J. Infect. Dis. 193:1304-1312.
19. Nagesha, H. S., G. J. Casey, K. H. Rieckmann, D. J. Fryauff, B. S. Laksana, J. C. Reeder, J. D. Maguire, and J. K. Baird. 2003. New haplotypes of the Plasmodium falciparum resistance transporter (pfcrt) gene among chloroquine-resistant parasite isolates. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 68:398-402.
20. Pieroni, P., C. D. Mills, C. Ohrt, M. A. Harrington, and K. C. Kain. 1998. Comparison of the ParaSight-F test and the ICT Malaria Pf test with the polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in travellers. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 92:166-169.
21. Pillai, D. R., A. C. Labbe, V. Vanisaveth, B. Hongvangthong, S. Pomphida, S. Inkathone, K. Zhong, and K. C. Kain. 2001. Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Laos: chloroquine treatment outcome and predictive value of molecular markers. J. Infect. Dis. 183:789-795.
22. Sharma, V. P. 1996. Re-emergence of malaria in India. Indian J. Med. Res. 103:26-45.
23. Sharma, Y. D., S. Biswas, C. R. Pillai, M. A. Ansari, T. Adak, and C. U. Devi. 1996. High prevalence of chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum infection in Rajasthan epidemic. Acta Trop. 62:135-141.
24. Snounou, G., S. Viriyakosol, X. P. Zhu, W. Jarra, L. Pinheiro, V. E. do Rosario, S. Thaithong, and K. N. Brown. 1993. High sensitivity of detection of human malaria parasites by the use of nested polymerase chain reaction. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 61:315-320.
25. Su, X. Z., L. A. Kirkman, H. Fujioka, and T. E. Wellems. 1997. Complex polymorphisms in a ∼330kDa protein are linked to chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum in Southeast Asia and Africa. Cell 91:593-603.
26. Vathsala, P. G., A. Pramanik, S. Dhanasekaran, C. U. Devi, C. R. Pillai, S. K. Subbarao, S. K. Ghosh, S. N. Tiwari, T. S. Sathyanarayan, P. R. Deshpande, G. C. Mishra, M. R. Ranjit, A. P. Dash, P. N. Rangarajan, and G. Padmanaban. 2004. Widespread occurrence of the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (Pfcrt) gene haplotype SVMNT in P. falciparum malaria in India. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 70:256-359.
27. Vieira, P. P., M. U. Ferreira, M. G. Alecrim, W. D. Alecrim, L. H. da Silva, M. M. Sihuincha, D. A. Joy, J. Mu, X. Z. Su, and M. G. Zalis. 2004. pfcrt polymorphism and the spread of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum populations across the Amazon Basin. J. Infect. Dis. 190:417-424.
28. Wellems, T. E., and C. V. Plowe. 2001. Chloroquine-resistant malaria. J. Infect. Dis. 184:770-776.
29. Wellems, T. E. 2002. Plasmodium chloroquine resistance and the search for a replacement anti-malarial drug. Science 298:124-126.
30. Wellems, T. E. 2004. Transporter of a malaria catastrophe. Nat. Med. 10:1169-1171.
31. Wongsrichanalai, C., A. L. Pickard, W. H. Wernsdorfer, and S. R. Meshnick. 2002. Epidemiology of drug-resistant malaria. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2:209-218.
32. Wootton, J. C., X. Feng, M. T. Ferdig, R. A. Cooper, J. Mu, D. I. Baruch, A. J. Magill, and X. Z. Su. 2002. Genetic diversity and chloroquine selective sweeps in Plasmodium falciparum. Nature 418:320-323.