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Characterization of selective resistance to insulin signaling in the vasculature of obese zucker (fafa) rats
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This manuscript provided some of the first experimental data for pathway specific regulation downstream of vascular insulin resistance. Specifically, decreased activation of IRS-1 and IRS-2selectively reduces PI3K signaling without altering the MAPK pathway.
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Jiang ZY, Lin YW, Clemont A, et al. Characterization of selective resistance to insulin signaling in the vasculature of obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats. J Clin Invest. 1999;104:447-57. This manuscript provided some of the first experimental data for pathway specific regulation downstream of vascular insulin resistance. Specifically, decreased activation of IRS-1 and IRS-2selectively reduces PI3K signaling without altering the MAPK pathway.
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Loss of insulin signaling in vascular endothelial cells accelerates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein e null mice
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Evidence is provided that loss of insulin signaling in endothelium increases atherosclerotic lesion formation in part via a mechanism mediated by impaired eNOS activation.
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Rask-Madsen C, Li Q, Freund B, et al. Loss of insulin signaling in vascular endothelial cells accelerates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E null mice. Cell Metab. 2010;11:379-89. Evidence is provided that loss of insulin signaling in endothelium increases atherosclerotic lesion formation in part via a mechanism mediated by impaired eNOS activation.
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Rask-Madsen, C.1
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Inhibition of insulin signaling in endothelial cells by protein kinase c-induced phosphorylation of p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k)
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This study identified a molecular mechanisms by which activation of PKC inhibits IRS1-mediated PI3K activation of eNOS via phosphorylation of the p85 subunit of PI3K
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Maeno Y, Li Q, Park K, et al. Inhibition of insulin signaling in endothelial cells by protein kinase C-induced phosphorylation of p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). J Biol Chem. 2012;287:4518-30. This study identified a molecular mechanisms by which activation of PKC inhibits IRS1-mediated PI3K activation of eNOS via phosphorylation of the p85 subunit of PI3K.
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Chronic exposure to high fatty acids impedes receptor agonist-induced nitric oxide production and increments of cytosolic ca2+ levels in endothelial cells
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Tang Y, Li G. Chronic exposure to high fatty acids impedes receptor agonist-induced nitric oxide production and increments of cytosolic Ca2+ levels in endothelial cells. J Mol Endocrinol. 2011;47:315-26.
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Regulation of endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase gene expression in endothelial cells and in vivo: A specific vascular action of insulin
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Kuboki K, Jiang ZY, Takahara N, et al. Regulation of endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase gene expression in endothelial cells and in vivo: A specific vascular action of insulin. Circulation. 2000;101:676-81.
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Kuboki, K.1
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8
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Activation of vascular protein kinase c-beta inhibits akt-dependent endothelial nitric oxide synthase function in obesity-associated insulin resistance
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This study provides the first detailed exploration of PKC-activation by obesity-induced insulin resistance and the inhibition of eNOS signaling in vascular tissue.
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Naruse K, Rask-Madsen C, Takahara N, et al. Activation of vascular protein kinase C-beta inhibits Akt-dependent endothelial nitric oxide synthase function in obesity-associated insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2006;55:691-8. This study provides the first detailed exploration of PKC-activation by obesity-induced insulin resistance and the inhibition of eNOS signaling in vascular tissue.
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Naruse, K.1
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Hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in mice lacking insulin receptor substrate-1
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Abe H, Yamada N, Kamata K, et al. Hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in mice lacking insulin receptor substrate-1. J Clin Invest. 1998;101:1784-8.
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Impaired insulin signaling in endothelial cells reduces insulin-induced glucose uptake by skeletal muscle
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In addition to further supporting a role of IRS2 in endothelial eNOS signaling, this landmark paper highlights the requirement of intact endothelial cell insulin signaling to regulate myocyte glucose homeostasis.
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Kubota T, Kubota N, Kumagai H, et al. Impaired insulin signaling in endothelial cells reduces insulin-induced glucose uptake by skeletal muscle. Cell Metab. 2011;13:294-307. In addition to further supporting a role of IRS2 in endothelial eNOS signaling, this landmark paper highlights the requirement of intact endothelial cell insulin signaling to regulate myocyte glucose homeostasis.
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Kubota, T.1
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Preserved glucoregulation but attenuation of the vascular actions of insulin in mice heterozygous for knockout of the insulin receptor
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This study provides some of the first evidence that impaired insulin signaling may alter NO-mediated regulation of vascular function that may precede defects in insulin mediated muscle glucose utilization
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Wheatcroft SB, Shah AM, Li JM, et al. Preserved glucoregulation but attenuation of the vascular actions of insulin in mice heterozygous for knockout of the insulin receptor. Diabetes. 2004;53:2645-52. This study provides some of the first evidence that impaired insulin signaling may alter NO-mediated regulation of vascular function that may precede defects in insulin mediated muscle glucose utilization.
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Diabetes
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Wheatcroft, S.B.1
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Accelerated endothelial dysfunction in mild prediabetic insulin resistance: The early role of reactive oxygen species
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Duncan ER, Walker SJ, Ezzat VA, et al. Accelerated endothelial dysfunction in mild prediabetic insulin resistance: The early role of reactive oxygen species. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007;293:E1311-9.
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Duncan, E.R.1
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13
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Insulin resistance impairs circulating angiogenic progenitor cell function and delays endothelial regeneration
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This study identified an important role for insulin signaling to maintain vascular function by directly regulating cellular repair mechanisms through recruitment of angiogenic progenitor cells
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Kahn MB, Yuldasheva NY, Cubbon RM, et al. Insulin resistance impairs circulating angiogenic progenitor cell function and delays endothelial regeneration. Diabetes. 2011;60:1295-303. This study identified an important role for insulin signaling to maintain vascular function by directly regulating cellular repair mechanisms through recruitment of angiogenic progenitor cells.
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Kahn, M.B.1
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Okamoto H, Nakae J, Kitamura T, et al. Transgenic rescue of insulin receptor-deficient mice. J Clin Invest. 2004;114:214-23.
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Okamoto, H.1
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15
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66149095817
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Contribution of insulin and akt1 signaling to endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the regulation of endothelial function and blood pressure
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The data presented in this study, using both in vitro and in vivo models, found that HFD-induced vascular dysfunction resulted from impaired eNOS phosphorylation independent of significant changes in insulin-mediated activation of Akt, and suggested an important role for circulating fatty acids in impairing eNOS function
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Symons JD, McMillin SL, Riehle C, et al. Contribution of insulin and Akt1 signaling to endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the regulation of endothelial function and blood pressure. Circ Res. 2009;104:1085-94. The data presented in this study, using both in vitro and in vivo models, found that HFD-induced vascular dysfunction resulted from impaired eNOS phosphorylation independent of significant changes in insulin-mediated activation of Akt, and suggested an important role for circulating fatty acids in impairing eNOS function.
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Symons, J.D.1
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16
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The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor is a negative regulator of nitric oxide bioavailability and insulin sensitivity in the endothelium
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Findings in this report described the cross talk between insulin and IGF-1 receptors in regulating insulin sensitivity and NO action on vascular contractility.
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Abbas A, Imrie H, Viswambharan H, et al. The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor is a negative regulator of nitric oxide bioavailability and insulin sensitivity in the endothelium. Diabetes. 2011;60:2169-78. Findings in this report described the cross talk between insulin and IGF-1 receptors in regulating insulin sensitivity and NO action on vascular contractility.
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Abbas, A.1
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17
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Toll-like receptor-4 mediates vascular inflammation and insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity
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In an attempt to identify additional mechanisms of diet-induced vascular dysfunction, this study defined a new pathway for TLR4 in mediating saturated fatty acid induced impairment in endothelial NO signaling, inflammation, and insulin resistance.
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Kim F, Pham M, Luttrell I, et al. Toll-like receptor-4 mediates vascular inflammation and insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity. Circ Res. 2007;100:1589-96. In an attempt to identify additional mechanisms of diet-induced vascular dysfunction, this study defined a new pathway for TLR4 in mediating saturated fatty acid induced impairment in endothelial NO signaling, inflammation, and insulin resistance.
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Kim, F.1
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Vascular inflammation, insulin resistance, and reduced nitric oxide production precede the onset of peripheral insulin resistance
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Kim F, Pham M, Maloney E, et al. Vascular inflammation, insulin resistance, and reduced nitric oxide production precede the onset of peripheral insulin resistance. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:1982-8.
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Kim, F.1
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Molnar J, Yu S, Mzhavia N, et al. Diabetes induces endothelial dysfunction but does not increase neointimal formation in highfat diet fed C57BL/6J mice. Circ Res. 2005;96:1178-84.
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Summers SA. Sphingolipids and insulin resistance: The five Ws. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2010;21:128-35.
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Holland WL, Summers SA. Sphingolipids, insulin resistance, and metabolic disease: New insights from in vivo manipulation of sphingolipid metabolism. Endocr Rev. 2008;29:381-402.
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23
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84863205222
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Ceramide mediates vascular dysfunction in diet-induced obesity by pp2a-mediated dephosphorylation of the enos-akt complex
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This study provided strong evidence linking ceramide that is generated by excess fatty acid delivery, to deactivation of the eNOS-Akt pathway in the endothelium. The molecular mechanism is a ceramide-dependent recruitment of the PP2A phosphatase to the eNOS/Akt signaling complex.
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Zhang QJ, Holland WL, Wilson L, et al. Ceramide mediates vascular dysfunction in diet-induced obesity by PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of the eNOS-Akt complex. Diabetes. 2012;61:1848-59. This study provided strong evidence linking ceramide that is generated by excess fatty acid delivery, to deactivation of the eNOS-Akt pathway in the endothelium. The molecular mechanism is a ceramide-dependent recruitment of the PP2A phosphatase to the eNOS/Akt signaling complex.
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Zhang, Q.J.1
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Schwartz EA, Zhang WY, Karnik SK, et al. Nutrient modification of the innate immune response: A novel mechanism by which saturated fatty acids greatly amplify monocyte inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010;30:802-8.
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28
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Free fatty acid impairment of nitric oxide production in endothelial cells is mediated by ikkbeta
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This study provides the first direct link between FFA-induced changes in NO signaling and IKKß to IRS-1 signaling in endothelial cells
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Kim F, Tysseling KA, Rice J, et al. Free fatty acid impairment of nitric oxide production in endothelial cells is mediated by IKKbeta. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:989-94. This study provides the first direct link between FFA-induced changes in NO signaling and IKKß to IRS-1 signaling in endothelial cells.
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Kim, F.1
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Liu K, Zhao W, Gao X, et al. Diosgenin ameliorates palmitateinduced endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance via blocking IKKbeta and IRS-1 pathways. Atherosclerosis 2012, In press.
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Maloney E, Sweet IR, Hockenbery DM, et al. Activation of NFkappaB by palmitate in endothelial cells: A key role for NADPHoxidase-derived superoxide in response to TLR4 activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1370-5.
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31
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Bone morphogenic protein-4 induces hypertension in mice: Role of noggin vascular nadph oxidases and impaired vasorelaxation
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Results presented in this manuscript are the first to define BMP4 as a novel regulator of endothelial function through a pathway that requires p47phox.
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Miriyala S, Gongora Nieto MC, Mingone C, et al. Bone morphogenic protein-4 induces hypertension in mice: Role of noggin, vascular NADPH oxidases, and impaired vasorelaxation. Circulation. 2006;113:2818-25. Results presented in this manuscript are the first to define BMP4 as a novel regulator of endothelial function through a pathway that requires p47phox.
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Miriyala, S.1
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Mass spectroscopy and molecular modeling predict endothelial nitric oxide synthase dimer collapse by hydrogen peroxide through zinc tetrathiolate metal-binding site disruption
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Fatty acids modulate tolllike receptor 4 activation through regulation of receptor dimerization and recruitment into lipid rafts in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner
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Saturated fatty acids do not directly stimulate toll-like receptor signaling
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Erridge C, Samani NJ. Saturated fatty acids do not directly stimulate Toll-like receptor signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1944-9.
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36
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Lipid-induced insulin resistance mediated by the proinflammatory receptor tlr4 requires saturated fatty acid-induced ceramide biosynthesis in mice
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This study provided a direct link between inflammatory signaling and the generation of the toxic lipid intermediate ceramide, thereby providing a mechanism for linking inflammation, ceramide, and lipotoxic effects of saturated fatty acids.
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Holland WL, Bikman BT, Wang LP, et al. Lipid-induced insulin resistance mediated by the proinflammatory receptor TLR4 requires saturated fatty acid-induced ceramide biosynthesis in mice. J Clin Invest. 2011;121:1858-70. This study provided a direct link between inflammatory signaling and the generation of the toxic lipid intermediate ceramide, thereby providing a mechanism for linking inflammation, ceramide, and lipotoxic effects of saturated fatty acids.
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Holland, W.L.1
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Receptor-mediated activation of ceramidase activity initiates the pleiotropic actions of adiponectin
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Decreased adiponectin levels often accompany obesity. This study provides the first direct evidence that adiponectin may mediate some of its cardioprotective and beneficial metabolic effects by activating ceramidase activity.
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Holland WL, Miller RA, Wang ZV, et al. Receptor-mediated activation of ceramidase activity initiates the pleiotropic actions of adiponectin. Nat Med. 2011;17:55-63. Decreased adiponectin levels often accompany obesity. This study provides the first direct evidence that adiponectin may mediate some of its cardioprotective and beneficial metabolic effects by activating ceramidase activity.
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This study presents some of the first evidence implicating sphingosine mediated signaling in the regulation of PI3K and Akt signaling to eNOS.
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Morales-Ruiz M, Lee MJ, Zollner S, et al. Sphingosine 1-phosphate activates Akt, nitric oxide production, and chemotaxis through a Gi protein/phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:19672-7. This study presents some of the first evidence implicating sphingosine mediated signaling in the regulation of PI3K and Akt signaling to eNOS.
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A thorough review of recent advances linking changes in mitochondrial ROS production, ion homeostasis, to changes in mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in regulating endothelial function.
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Pangare M, Makino A. Mitochondrial function in vascular endothelial cell in diabetes. J Smooth Muscle Res. 2012;48:1-26. A thorough review of recent advances linking changes in mitochondrial ROS production, ion homeostasis, to changes in mitochondrial morphology and dynamics in regulating endothelial function.
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Niemann B, Chen Y, Teschner M, et al. Obesity induces signs of premature cardiac aging in younger patients: The role of mitochondria. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:577-85. A critical examination of cardiac myocytes from human patients identifying how changes in mitochondrial capacity and oxidative coupling are impaired with obesity, linking these defects in mitochondrial function to the increased susceptibility of cardiovascular complications in obese patients.
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Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Hesselink MK, Meex R, et al. Improved ejection fraction after exercise training in obesity is accompanied by reduced cardiac lipid content. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:1932-8. This study exemplifies how lifestyle interventions can improve cardiac function in obese individuals that correlates with a reduction in cardiac lipid storage.
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Son NH, Yu S, Tuinei J, et al. PPAR?-induced cardiolipotoxicity in mice is ameliorated by PPARa deficiency despite increases in fatty acid oxidation. J Clin Invest. 2010;120:3443-54. This study underscored the complex interactions between members of the PPAR family of transcription factors in the regulation of fatty acid uptake, storage and oxidation the heart and showed that lipotoxicity can be ameliorated by simultaneously increasing fatty acid oxidation and triglyceride synthesis.
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Findings In This Study Revealed Important Cross Talk Between Adipose And Cardiac Tissue In Response To Pressure Overload. Specifically Regulation Of Lipolysis By P53 Enhances Inflammation And Leads To The Development Of Insulin Resistance.
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Shimizu I, Yoshida Y, Katsuno T, et al. p53-induced adipose tissue inflammation is critically involved in the development of insulin resistance in heart failure. Cell Metab. 2012;15:51-64. Findings In This Study Revealed Important Cross Talk Between Adipose And Cardiac Tissue In Response To Pressure Overload. Specifically Regulation Of Lipolysis By P53 Enhances Inflammation And Leads To The Development Of Insulin Resistance.
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Grueter CE Van Rooij E Johnson BA et al. A Cardiac Micro-RNA Governs Systemic Energy Homeostasis By Regulation Of MED13. Cell. 2012;149:671-83. This study revealed that a cardiac-restricted microRNA specifically regulates peripheral metabolic homeostasis. The specific cardiac mediator of this effect remains to be identified
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Battiprolu PK, Hojayev B, Jiang N, et al. Metabolic stressinduced activation of FOXO1 triggers diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice. J Clin Invest. 2012;122:1109-18. The data presented in this manuscript directly links HFD induced transcriptional changes via the forkhead transcription factor FOXO1 to cardiac dysfunction and lipotoxic cardiomyopathy in a model of severe diet-induced obesity acting in part via decreased IRS-1 mediated Akt-signaling.
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Wright JJ, Kim J, Buchanan J, et al. Mechanisms for increased myocardial fatty acid utilization following short-term high-fat feeding. Cardiovasc Res. 2009;82:351-60. This study defines the time course of early changes in myocardial glucose and fatty acid utilization in the evolution of obesity-related cardiac dysfunction. Specifically, the authors identified an early defect in GLUT4-mediated glucose utilization that preceded any changes in cardiomyocyte insulin signaling.
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