메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 77-94

Sarcopenia and cachexia: The adaptations of negative regulators of skeletal muscle mass

Author keywords

Atrogin 1; Cachexia; Myostatin; NF B; Sarcopenia; Skeletal muscle

Indexed keywords

ACTIVIN RECEPTOR LIKE KINASE 1; ATROGIN 1; BECLIN 1; CALCINEURIN; CALCIUM ION; CALPAIN; CANNABINOID; CORTICOSTEROID; GAMMA INTERFERON; GROWTH HORMONE; IBUPROFEN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 6; MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN; MYOSTATIN; NOTEXIN; PF 354; PROTEIN INHIBITOR; PROTEIN KINASE C; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; SMAD3 PROTEIN; SOMATOMEDIN BINDING PROTEIN 1; TESTOSTERONE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXO; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR ASSOCIATED FACTOR 6; UBIQUITIN PROTEIN LIGASE E3; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 84866549876     PISSN: 21905991     EISSN: 21906009     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s13539-011-0052-4     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (107)

References (250)
  • 1
    • 0024430754 scopus 로고
    • Summary comments
    • Rosenberg I. Summary comments. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;50:1231-3.
    • (1989) Am J Clin Nutr. , vol.50 , pp. 1231-1233
    • Rosenberg, I.1
  • 3
    • 0025923558 scopus 로고
    • The meaning and measurement of lean body mass
    • Roubenoff R, Kehayias J. The meaning and measurement of lean body mass. Nutr Rev. 1991;46:163-75.
    • (1991) Nutr Rev. , vol.46 , pp. 163-175
    • Roubenoff, R.1    Kehayias, J.2
  • 6
    • 79958137426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle wasting in cachexia and sarcopenia: Molecular pathophysiology and impact of exercise training
    • Lenk K, Schuler G, Adams V. Skeletal muscle wasting in cachexia and sarcopenia: molecular pathophysiology and impact of exercise training. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2010;1:9-21.
    • (2010) J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. , vol.1 , pp. 9-21
    • Lenk, K.1    Schuler, G.2    Adams, V.3
  • 7
    • 17144362903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in size, strength, and power of upper and lower body muscle groups in young and older men
    • Candow DG, Chilibeck PD. Differences in size, strength, and power of upper and lower body muscle groups in young and older men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005;60:148-56.
    • (2005) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. , vol.60 , pp. 148-156
    • Candow, D.G.1    Chilibeck, P.D.2
  • 9
    • 79955612531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of sarcopenia: Facts and numbers on prevalence and clinical impact
    • von Haehling S, Morley JE, Anker SD. An overview of sarcopenia: facts and numbers on prevalence and clinical impact. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2010;1:129-33.
    • (2010) J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. , vol.1 , pp. 129-133
    • von Haehling, S.1    Morley, J.E.2    Anker, S.D.3
  • 14
    • 0028863055 scopus 로고
    • Human aging, muscle mass, and fiber type composition
    • Lexell J. Human aging, muscle mass, and fiber type composition. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1995;50:11-6.
    • (1995) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 11-16
    • Lexell, J.1
  • 15
    • 0018113372 scopus 로고
    • Morphological and functional characteristics of the ageing skeletal muscle in man. A cross-sectional study
    • Larsson L. Morphological and functional characteristics of the ageing skeletal muscle in man. A cross-sectional study. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl. 1978;457:1-36.
    • (1978) Acta Physiol Scand Suppl. , vol.457 , pp. 1-36
    • Larsson, L.1
  • 17
    • 64849110613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle hypertrophy following resistance training is accompanied by a fiber type-specific increase in satellite cell content in elderly men
    • Verdijk LB, Gleeson BG, Jonkers RAM, Meijer K, Savelberg HHCM, Dendale P, et al. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy following resistance training is accompanied by a fiber type-specific increase in satellite cell content in elderly men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2009;64:332-9.
    • (2009) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. , vol.64 , pp. 332-339
    • Verdijk, L.B.1    Gleeson, B.G.2    Jonkers, R.A.M.3    Meijer, K.4    Savelberg, H.H.C.M.5    Dendale, P.6
  • 18
    • 27844595300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that satellite cell decrement contributes to preferential decline in nuclear number from large fibres during murine age-related muscle atrophy
    • Brack AS, Bildsoe H, Hughes SM. Evidence that satellite cell decrement contributes to preferential decline in nuclear number from large fibres during murine age-related muscle atrophy. J Cell Sci. 2005;118:4813-21.
    • (2005) J Cell Sci. , vol.118 , pp. 4813-4821
    • Brack, A.S.1    Bildsoe, H.2    Hughes, S.M.3
  • 20
    • 77951204583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The depletion of skeletal muscle satellite cells with age is concomitant with reduced capacity of single progenitors to produce reserve progeny
    • Day K, Shefer G, Shearer A, Yablonka-Reuveni Z. The depletion of skeletal muscle satellite cells with age is concomitant with reduced capacity of single progenitors to produce reserve progeny. Dev Biol. 2010;340:330-43.
    • (2010) Dev Biol. , vol.340 , pp. 330-343
    • Day, K.1    Shefer, G.2    Shearer, A.3    Yablonka-Reuveni, Z.4
  • 21
    • 0344827208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notchmediated restoration of regenerative potential to aged muscle
    • Conboy IM, Conboy MJ, Smythe GM, Rando TA. Notchmediated restoration of regenerative potential to aged muscle. Science. 2003;302:1575-7.
    • (2003) Science. , vol.302 , pp. 1575-1577
    • Conboy, I.M.1    Conboy, M.J.2    Smythe, G.M.3    Rando, T.A.4
  • 22
    • 24144489118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and molecular signatures of muscle regeneration: Current concepts and controversies in adult myogenesis
    • Wagners AJ, Conboy IM. Cellular and molecular signatures of muscle regeneration: current concepts and controversies in adult myogenesis. Cell. 2005;122:659-67.
    • (2005) Cell. , vol.122 , pp. 659-667
    • Wagners, A.J.1    Conboy, I.M.2
  • 23
    • 0027565841 scopus 로고
    • Ageing and human muscle: Observations from Sweden
    • Lexell J. Ageing and human muscle: observations from Sweden. Can J Appl Physiol. 1993;18:2-18.
    • (1993) Can J Appl Physiol. , vol.18 , pp. 2-18
    • Lexell, J.1
  • 25
    • 84855795806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of sarcopenia in community living older adults: What role does lifestyle play?
    • Scott D, Blizzard L, Fell J, Jones G. The epidemiology of sarcopenia in community living older adults: what role does lifestyle play? J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2010;2:125-34.
    • (2010) J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. , vol.2 , pp. 125-134
    • Scott, D.1    Blizzard, L.2    Fell, J.3    Jones, G.4
  • 26
    • 49649097995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agerelated reductions in expression of serum response factor and myocardin-related transcription factor A in mouse skeletal muscles
    • Sakuma K, Akiho M, Nakashima H, Akima H, Yasuhara M. Agerelated reductions in expression of serum response factor and myocardin-related transcription factor A in mouse skeletal muscles. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2008;1782:453-61.
    • (2008) Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. , vol.1782 , pp. 453-461
    • Sakuma, K.1    Akiho, M.2    Nakashima, H.3    Akima, H.4    Yasuhara, M.5
  • 27
    • 77953745513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms in aging and current strategies to counteract sarcopenia
    • Sakuma K, Yamaguchi A. Molecular mechanisms in aging and current strategies to counteract sarcopenia. Curr Aging Sci. 2010;3:90-101.
    • (2010) Curr Aging Sci. , vol.3 , pp. 90-101
    • Sakuma, K.1    Yamaguchi, A.2
  • 28
    • 81555207314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sarcopenia: Molecular mechanisms and current therapeutic strategy
    • In: Perloft JW, Wong AH (eds). Nova Science, New York (in press)
    • Sakuma K, Yamaguchi A (2011) Sarcopenia: molecular mechanisms and current therapeutic strategy. In: Perloft JW, Wong AH (eds) Cell aging. Nova Science, New York (in press)
    • (2011) Cell aging
    • Sakuma, K.1    Yamaguchi, A.2
  • 29
    • 33745206561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired overload-induced muscle growth is associated with diminished translational signaling in aged rat fast-twitch skeletal muscle
    • Thomson DM, Gordon SE. Impaired overload-induced muscle growth is associated with diminished translational signaling in aged rat fast-twitch skeletal muscle. J Physiol. 2006;574:291-305.
    • (2006) J Physiol. , vol.574 , pp. 291-305
    • Thomson, D.M.1    Gordon, S.E.2
  • 30
    • 84951558223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research methodology: Cancer cachexia syndrome
    • Dahele M, Fearon KC. Research methodology: cancer cachexia syndrome. Palliat Med. 2004;84:209-38.
    • (2004) Palliat Med. , vol.84 , pp. 209-238
    • Dahele, M.1    Fearon, K.C.2
  • 31
    • 0036344965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The syndrome of cardiac cachexia
    • Anker SD, Sharma R. The syndrome of cardiac cachexia. Int J Cardiol. 2002;85:51-66.
    • (2002) Int J Cardiol. , vol.85 , pp. 51-66
    • Anker, S.D.1    Sharma, R.2
  • 32
    • 67649982995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of cancer cachexia
    • Tisdale MJ. Mechanisms of cancer cachexia. Physiol Rev. 2009;89:381-410.
    • (2009) Physiol Rev. , vol.89 , pp. 381-410
    • Tisdale, M.J.1
  • 33
    • 17844368604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic inflammation, cachexia and prognosis in patients with cancer
    • Deans C, Wigmore SJ. Systemic inflammation, cachexia and prognosis in patients with cancer. Curr Opin Clin Nurs Metal Care. 2005;8:265-9.
    • (2005) Curr Opin Clin Nurs Metal Care. , vol.8 , pp. 265-269
    • Deans, C.1    Wigmore, S.J.2
  • 34
    • 0035835974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcription factors and muscle cachexia: Is there a therapeutic target?
    • Mitch WE, Price SR. Transcription factors and muscle cachexia: is there a therapeutic target? Lancet. 2001;357:734-5.
    • (2001) Lancet. , vol.357 , pp. 734-735
    • Mitch, W.E.1    Price, S.R.2
  • 35
    • 79951882924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer cachexia: Traditional therapies and novel molecular mechanism-based approaches to treatment
    • Kumar NB, Kazi A, Smith T, Crocker T, Yu D, Reich RR, et al. Cancer cachexia: traditional therapies and novel molecular mechanism-based approaches to treatment. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2010;11:107-17.
    • (2010) Curr Treat Options Oncol. , vol.11 , pp. 107-117
    • Kumar, N.B.1    Kazi, A.2    Smith, T.3    Crocker, T.4    Yu, D.5    Reich, R.R.6
  • 37
    • 0035019778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of progressive resistance training to counteract the myopathy of chronic heart failure
    • Pu CT, Johnson MT, Forman DE, Hausdorff JM, Roubenoff R, Foldvari M, et al. Randomized trial of progressive resistance training to counteract the myopathy of chronic heart failure. J Appl Physiol. 2001;90:2341-50.
    • (2001) J Appl Physiol. , vol.90 , pp. 2341-2350
    • Pu, C.T.1    Johnson, M.T.2    Forman, D.E.3    Hausdorff, J.M.4    Roubenoff, R.5    Foldvari, M.6
  • 38
    • 0025785746 scopus 로고
    • Operation Everest II: Structural adaptations in skeletal muscle in response to extreme stimulated altitude
    • MacDougall JD, Green HJ, Sutton JR, Coates G, Cymerman A, Yung P, et al. Operation Everest II: structural adaptations in skeletal muscle in response to extreme stimulated altitude. Acta Physiol Scand. 1991;142:421-7.
    • (1991) Acta Physiol Scand. , vol.142 , pp. 421-427
    • McDougall, J.D.1    Green, H.J.2    Sutton, J.R.3    Coates, G.4    Cymerman, A.5    Yung, P.6
  • 39
    • 4544382557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of severe COPD
    • Wouters EF. Management of severe COPD. Lancet. 2004;364:883-95.
    • (2004) Lancet. , vol.364 , pp. 883-895
    • Wouters, E.F.1
  • 40
    • 17644397560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local and systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Wouters EF. Local and systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2005;2:26-33.
    • (2005) Proc Am Thorac Soc. , vol.2 , pp. 26-33
    • Wouters, E.F.1
  • 41
    • 0038050536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amino acids as regulators of proteolysis
    • Kadowaki M, Kanazawa T. Amino acids as regulators of proteolysis. J Nutr. 2003;133:2052S-6S.
    • (2003) J Nutr. , vol.133
    • Kadowaki, M.1    Kanazawa, T.2
  • 42
    • 78149319082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy is defective in collagen VI muscular dystrophies, and its reactivation rescues myofiber degeneration
    • Grumati P, Coletto L, Sabatelli P, Cescon M, Angelin A, Bertaggia E, et al. Autophagy is defective in collagen VI muscular dystrophies, and its reactivation rescues myofiber degeneration. Nat Med. 2010;16:1313-20.
    • (2010) Nat Med. , vol.16 , pp. 1313-1320
    • Grumati, P.1    Coletto, L.2    Sabatelli, P.3    Cescon, M.4    Angelin, A.5    Bertaggia, E.6
  • 43
    • 0037423403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human autophagins, a family of cysteine proteinases potentially implicated in cell degradation by autophagy
    • Marino G, Uria JA, Puente XS, Quesada V, Bordallo J, Lopez-Otin C. Human autophagins, a family of cysteine proteinases potentially implicated in cell degradation by autophagy. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:3671-8.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem. , vol.278 , pp. 3671-3678
    • Marino, G.1    Uria, J.A.2    Puente, X.S.3    Quesada, V.4    Bordallo, J.5    Lopez-Otin, C.6
  • 45
    • 77949873916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fasting-related autophagic response in slow-and fast-twitch skeletal muscles
    • Ogata T, Oishi Y, Higuchi M, Muraoka I. Fasting-related autophagic response in slow-and fast-twitch skeletal muscles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010;394:136-40.
    • (2010) Biochem Biophys Res Commun. , vol.394 , pp. 136-140
    • Ogata, T.1    Oishi, Y.2    Higuchi, M.3    Muraoka, I.4
  • 46
    • 61649107136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Denervation-induced oxidative stress and autophagy signaling in muscle
    • O'Leary MFN, Hood DA. Denervation-induced oxidative stress and autophagy signaling in muscle. Autophagy. 2009;5:230-1.
    • (2009) Autophagy. , vol.5 , pp. 230-231
    • O'Leary, M.F.N.1    Hood, D.A.2
  • 49
    • 34247203578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calpain activation causes a proteasomedependent increase in protein degradation and inhibits the Akt signaling pathway in rat diaphragm muscle
    • Smith IJ, Dodd SL. Calpain activation causes a proteasomedependent increase in protein degradation and inhibits the Akt signaling pathway in rat diaphragm muscle. Exp Physiol. 2007;92:561-73.
    • (2007) Exp Physiol. , vol.92 , pp. 561-573
    • Smith, I.J.1    Dodd, S.L.2
  • 50
    • 85047693596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of caspase-3 is an initial step triggering accelerated muscle proteolysis in catabolic conditions
    • Du J, Wang X, Miereles C, Bailey JL, Debigare R, Zheng B. Activation of caspase-3 is an initial step triggering accelerated muscle proteolysis in catabolic conditions. J Clin Invest. 2004;113:115-23.
    • (2004) J Clin Invest. , vol.113 , pp. 115-123
    • Du, J.1    Wang, X.2    Miereles, C.3    Bailey, J.L.4    Debigare, R.5    Zheng, B.6
  • 51
    • 49249107691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition of skeletal muscle regeneration is mediated by a caspase-dependent stem cell response
    • Moresi V, Presterá A, Scicchitano BM, Molinaro M, Teodori L, Sassoon D, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition of skeletal muscle regeneration is mediated by a caspase-dependent stem cell response. Stem Cells. 2008;26:997-1008.
    • (2008) Stem Cells. , vol.26 , pp. 997-1008
    • Moresi, V.1    Presterá, A.2    Scicchitano, B.M.3    Molinaro, M.4    Teodori, L.5    Sassoon, D.6
  • 52
    • 0020022916 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of intracellular protein breakdown
    • Hershko A, Ciechanover A. Mechanisms of intracellular protein breakdown. Annu Rev Biochem. 1982;51:335-64.
    • (1982) Annu Rev Biochem. , vol.51 , pp. 335-364
    • Hershko, A.1    Ciechanover, A.2
  • 53
    • 0036083396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway: Destruction for the sake of construction
    • Glickman MH, Ciechanover A. The ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway: destruction for the sake of construction. Physiol Rev. 2002;82:373-428.
    • (2002) Physiol Rev. , vol.82 , pp. 373-428
    • Glickman, M.H.1    Ciechanover, A.2
  • 55
    • 20744447058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway as a therapeutic target for muscle wasting
    • Tisdale MJ. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway as a therapeutic target for muscle wasting. J Support Oncol. 2005;3:209-17.
    • (2005) J Support Oncol. , vol.3 , pp. 209-217
    • Tisdale, M.J.1
  • 56
    • 8544237014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of protein catabolism by muscle-specific and cytokine-inducible ubiquitin ligase E3alpha-II during cancer cachexia
    • Kwak KS, Zhou X, Solomon V, Baracos VE, Davis J, Bannon AW, et al. Regulation of protein catabolism by muscle-specific and cytokine-inducible ubiquitin ligase E3alpha-II during cancer cachexia. Cancer Res. 2004;64:8193-8.
    • (2004) Cancer Res. , vol.64 , pp. 8193-8198
    • Kwak, K.S.1    Zhou, X.2    Solomon, V.3    Baracos, V.E.4    Davis, J.5    Bannon, A.W.6
  • 58
    • 11144356337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foxo transcription factors induce the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase atrogin-1 and cause skeletal muscle atrophy
    • Sandri M, Sandri C, Gilbert A, Skurk C, Calabria E, Picard A, et al. Foxo transcription factors induce the atrophy-related ubiquitin ligase atrogin-1 and cause skeletal muscle atrophy. Cell. 2004;117:399-412.
    • (2004) Cell. , vol.117 , pp. 399-412
    • Sandri, M.1    Sandri, C.2    Gilbert, A.3    Skurk, C.4    Calabria, E.5    Picard, A.6
  • 59
    • 0033279836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SCF and Cullin/Ring H2-based ubiquitin ligases
    • Deshaies RJ. SCF and Cullin/Ring H2-based ubiquitin ligases. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 1999;15:435-67.
    • (1999) Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. , vol.15 , pp. 435-467
    • Deshaies, R.J.1
  • 60
    • 0030016595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and functions of the 20S and 26S proteasomes
    • Coux O, Tanaka K, Goldberg AL. Structure and functions of the 20S and 26S proteasomes. Annu Rev Biochem. 1996;65:801-47.
    • (1996) Annu Rev Biochem. , vol.65 , pp. 801-847
    • Coux, O.1    Tanaka, K.2    Goldberg, A.L.3
  • 61
    • 0027516156 scopus 로고
    • Proteasomes: Multicatalytic proteinase complexes
    • Rivett A. Proteasomes: multicatalytic proteinase complexes. Biochem J. 1993;291:1-10.
    • (1993) Biochem J. , vol.291 , pp. 1-10
    • Rivett, A.1
  • 62
    • 0032488846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The proteasome: Paradigm of a self-compartmentalizing protease
    • Baumeister W, Walz J, Zühl F, Seemüller E. The proteasome: paradigm of a self-compartmentalizing protease. Cell. 1998;92:367-80.
    • (1998) Cell. , vol.92 , pp. 367-380
    • Baumeister, W.1    Walz, J.2    Zühl, F.3    Seemüller, E.4
  • 63
    • 77951487050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling pathways perturbing muscle mass
    • Glass DJ. Signaling pathways perturbing muscle mass. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metabol Care. 2010;13:225-9.
    • (2010) Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metabol Care. , vol.13 , pp. 225-229
    • Glass, D.J.1
  • 64
    • 13244298415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) inversely regulates atrophy-induced genes via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/ mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway
    • Latres E, Amini AR, Amini AA, Griffiths J, Martin FJ, Wei Y, et al. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) inversely regulates atrophy-induced genes via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/ mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:2737-44.
    • (2005) J Biol Chem. , vol.280 , pp. 2737-2744
    • Latres, E.1    Amini, A.R.2    Amini, A.A.3    Griffiths, J.4    Martin, F.J.5    Wei, Y.6
  • 65
    • 0347285363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple types of skeletal muscle atrophy involve a common program of changes in gene expression
    • Lecker SH, Jagoe RT, Gilbert A, Gomes M, Baracos V, Bailey J, et al. Multiple types of skeletal muscle atrophy involve a common program of changes in gene expression. FASEB J. 2004;18:39-51.
    • (2004) FASEB J. , vol.18 , pp. 39-51
    • Lecker, S.H.1    Jagoe, R.T.2    Gilbert, A.3    Gomes, M.4    Baracos, V.5    Bailey, J.6
  • 66
    • 2042425906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The IGF-I/PI3K/Akt pathway prevents expression of muscle atrophy-induced ubiquitin ligases by inhibiting FOXO transcription factors
    • Stitt TN, Drujan D, Clarke BA, Panaro F, Timofeyva Y, Kline WO, et al. The IGF-I/PI3K/Akt pathway prevents expression of muscle atrophy-induced ubiquitin ligases by inhibiting FOXO transcription factors. Mol Cell. 2004;14:395-403.
    • (2004) Mol Cell. , vol.14 , pp. 395-403
    • Stitt, T.N.1    Drujan, D.2    Clarke, B.A.3    Panaro, F.4    Timofeyva, Y.5    Kline, W.O.6
  • 68
    • 1842636438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ubiquitin expression is up-regulated in human and rat skeletal muscles during aging
    • Cai D, Lee KK, Li M, Tang MK, Chan KM. Ubiquitin expression is up-regulated in human and rat skeletal muscles during aging. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2004;425:42-50.
    • (2004) Arch Biochem Biophys. , vol.425 , pp. 42-50
    • Cai, D.1    Lee, K.K.2    Li, M.3    Tang, M.K.4    Chan, K.M.5
  • 69
    • 0346041564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional profiling identifies extensive downregulation of extracellular matrix gene expression in sarcopenic rat soleus muscle
    • Pattison JS, Folk LC, Madsen RW, Childs TE, Booth FW. Transcriptional profiling identifies extensive downregulation of extracellular matrix gene expression in sarcopenic rat soleus muscle. Physiol Genomics. 2003;15:34-43.
    • (2003) Physiol Genomics. , vol.15 , pp. 34-43
    • Pattison, J.S.1    Folk, L.C.2    Madsen, R.W.3    Childs, T.E.4    Booth, F.W.5
  • 71
    • 21244450623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective downregulation of ubiquitin conjugation cascade mRNA occurs in the senescent rat soleus muscle
    • DeRuisseau KC, Kavazis AN, Powers SK. Selective downregulation of ubiquitin conjugation cascade mRNA occurs in the senescent rat soleus muscle. Exp Gerontol. 2005;40:526-31.
    • (2005) Exp Gerontol. , vol.40 , pp. 526-531
    • DeRuisseau, K.C.1    Kavazis, A.N.2    Powers, S.K.3
  • 72
    • 78650046347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle wasting in aged, sarcopenic rats is associated with enhanced activity of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway
    • Altun M, Besche HC, Overkleeft HS, Piccirillo R, Edelmann MJ, Kessler BM, et al. Muscle wasting in aged, sarcopenic rats is associated with enhanced activity of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. J Biol Chem. 2010;285:39597-608.
    • (2010) J Biol Chem. , vol.285 , pp. 39597-39608
    • Altun, M.1    Besche, H.C.2    Overkleeft, H.S.3    Piccirillo, R.4    Edelmann, M.J.5    Kessler, B.M.6
  • 74
    • 25644432770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and apoptosis to human skeletal muscle wasting with age
    • Whitman SA, Wacker MJ, Richmond SR, Godard MP. Contributions of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and apoptosis to human skeletal muscle wasting with age. Pflugers Arch. 2005;450:437-46.
    • (2005) Pflugers Arch. , vol.450 , pp. 437-446
    • Whitman, S.A.1    Wacker, M.J.2    Richmond, S.R.3    Godard, M.P.4
  • 75
    • 33748526240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases, atrogin-1 and MuRF1 are up-regulated in aged rat tibialis anterior muscle
    • Clavel S, Coldefy AS, Kurkdjian E, Salles J, Margaritis I, Derijard B. Atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases, atrogin-1 and MuRF1 are up-regulated in aged rat tibialis anterior muscle. Mech Ageing Dev. 2006;127:794-801.
    • (2006) Mech Ageing Dev. , vol.127 , pp. 794-801
    • Clavel, S.1    Coldefy, A.S.2    Kurkdjian, E.3    Salles, J.4    Margaritis, I.5    Derijard, B.6
  • 76
    • 33746611524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF1 are downregulated in ageing-related loss of skeletal muscle
    • Edström E, Altun M, Hägglund M, Ulfhake B. Atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF1 are downregulated in ageing-related loss of skeletal muscle. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006;61:663-74.
    • (2006) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 663-674
    • Edström, E.1    Altun, M.2    Hägglund, M.3    Ulfhake, B.4
  • 77
    • 39449100832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human sarcopenia reveals an increase in SOCS-3 and myostatin and a reduced efficiency of Akt phosphorylation
    • Léger B, Derave W, De Bock K, Hespel P, Russell AP. Human sarcopenia reveals an increase in SOCS-3 and myostatin and a reduced efficiency of Akt phosphorylation. Rejuvenation Res. 2008;11:163-75.
    • (2008) Rejuvenation Res. , vol.11 , pp. 163-175
    • Léger, B.1    Derave, W.2    de Bock, K.3    Hespel, P.4    Russell, A.P.5
  • 78
    • 33846015010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid disuse and denervation atrophy involve transcriptional changes similar to those of muscle wasting during systemic diseases
    • Sacheck JM, Hyatt JP, Raffaello A, Jagoe RT, Roy RR, Edgerton VR, et al. Rapid disuse and denervation atrophy involve transcriptional changes similar to those of muscle wasting during systemic diseases. FASEB J. 2007;21:140-55.
    • (2007) FASEB J. , vol.21 , pp. 140-155
    • Sacheck, J.M.1    Hyatt, J.P.2    Raffaello, A.3    Jagoe, R.T.4    Roy, R.R.5    Edgerton, V.R.6
  • 81
    • 84866552856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitors of myostatin-and proteasome-dependent signaling for attenuating muscle wasting
    • Sakuma K, Yamaguchi A. Inhibitors of myostatin-and proteasome-dependent signaling for attenuating muscle wasting. Recent Pat Regen Med. 2011;1:284-98.
    • (2011) Recent Pat Regen Med. , vol.1 , pp. 284-298
    • Sakuma, K.1    Yamaguchi, A.2
  • 82
    • 23944494119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased expression of proteasome subunits in skeletal muscle of cancer patients with weight loss
    • Khal J, Hine AV, Fearon KCH, Dejong CHC, Tisdale MJ. Increased expression of proteasome subunits in skeletal muscle of cancer patients with weight loss. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2005;37:2196-206.
    • (2005) Int J Biochem Cell Biol. , vol.37 , pp. 2196-2206
    • Khal, J.1    Hine, A.V.2    Fearon, K.C.H.3    Dejong, C.H.C.4    Tisdale, M.J.5
  • 84
    • 0028152539 scopus 로고
    • Increased ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis in skeletal muscle of tumor-bearing rats
    • Temparis S, Asensi M, Taillandier D, Aurousseau E, Larbaud D, Obled A, et al. Increased ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis in skeletal muscle of tumor-bearing rats. Cancer Res. 1994;54:5568-73.
    • (1994) Cancer Res. , vol.54 , pp. 5568-5573
    • Temparis, S.1    Asensi, M.2    Taillandier, D.3    Aurousseau, E.4    Larbaud, D.5    Obled, A.6
  • 85
    • 27144505161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and muscle loss in experimental cancer cachexia
    • Khal J, Wyke SM, Russell ST, Hine AV, Tisdale MJ. Expression of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and muscle loss in experimental cancer cachexia. Br J Cancer. 2005;93:774-80.
    • (2005) Br J Cancer. , vol.93 , pp. 774-780
    • Khal, J.1    Wyke, S.M.2    Russell, S.T.3    Hine, A.V.4    Tisdale, M.J.5
  • 89
    • 56449095862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The involvement of the ubiquitin proteasome system in human skeletal muscle remodeling and atrophy
    • Murton AJ, Constantin D, Greenhalf PL. The involvement of the ubiquitin proteasome system in human skeletal muscle remodeling and atrophy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2008;1782:730-43.
    • (2008) Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. , vol.1782 , pp. 730-743
    • Murton, A.J.1    Constantin, D.2    Greenhalf, P.L.3
  • 90
    • 0029040739 scopus 로고
    • Activation of the ATP-ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in skeletal muscle of cachectic rats bearing a hepatoma
    • Baracos VE, DeVivo C, Hoyle DH, Goldberg AL. Activation of the ATP-ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in skeletal muscle of cachectic rats bearing a hepatoma. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 1995;268:E996-E1006.
    • (1995) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. , vol.268
    • Baracos, V.E.1    DeVivo, C.2    Hoyle, D.H.3    Goldberg, A.L.4
  • 91
    • 0038806268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in skeletal muscle wasting in rats with endotoxemia
    • Chai J, Wu Y, Sheng ZZ. Role of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in skeletal muscle wasting in rats with endotoxemia. Crit Care Med. 2003;31:1802-7.
    • (2003) Crit Care Med. , vol.31 , pp. 1802-1807
    • Chai, J.1    Wu, Y.2    Sheng, Z.Z.3
  • 92
    • 1842583789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development by self-digestion: Molecular mechanisms and biological functions of autophagy
    • Levine B, Klionsky DJ. Development by self-digestion: molecular mechanisms and biological functions of autophagy. Dev Cell. 2004;6:463-77.
    • (2004) Dev Cell. , vol.6 , pp. 463-477
    • Levine, B.1    Klionsky, D.J.2
  • 93
    • 4344595626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cell
    • Meijer AJ, Codogno P. Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cell. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004;36:2445-62.
    • (2004) Int J Biochem Cell Biol. , vol.36 , pp. 2445-2462
    • Meijer, A.J.1    Codogno, P.2
  • 94
    • 34848886914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagosome formation: Core machinery and adaptations
    • Xie Z, Klionsky DJ. Autophagosome formation: core machinery and adaptations. Nat Cell Biol. 2007;9:1102-9.
    • (2007) Nat Cell Biol. , vol.9 , pp. 1102-1109
    • Xie, Z.1    Klionsky, D.J.2
  • 95
    • 77952626944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in health and disease. 3. Involvement of autophagy in muscle atrophy
    • Sandri M. Autophagy in health and disease. 3. Involvement of autophagy in muscle atrophy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010;298: C1291-7.
    • (2010) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. , vol.298
    • Sandri, M.1
  • 96
    • 0028254331 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of intracellular protein degradation with special reference to lysosomes: Role in cell physiology and pathology
    • Lee HK, Marzella L. Regulation of intracellular protein degradation with special reference to lysosomes: role in cell physiology and pathology. Int Rev Exp Pathol. 1994;35:39-147.
    • (1994) Int Rev Exp Pathol. , vol.35 , pp. 39-147
    • Lee, H.K.1    Marzella, L.2
  • 97
    • 4544385218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy: Many paths to the same end
    • Cuervo AM. Autophagy: many paths to the same end. Mol Cell Biochem. 2004;263:55-72.
    • (2004) Mol Cell Biochem. , vol.263 , pp. 55-72
    • Cuervo, A.M.1
  • 98
    • 78649288882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of autophagy permits successful enzyme replacement therapy in a lysosomal storage disorder-murine Pompe disease
    • Raben N, Schreiner C, Baum R, Takikita S, Xu S, Xie T, et al. Suppression of autophagy permits successful enzyme replacement therapy in a lysosomal storage disorder-murine Pompe disease. Autophagy. 2010;6:1078-89.
    • (2010) Autophagy. , vol.6 , pp. 1078-1089
    • Raben, N.1    Schreiner, C.2    Baum, R.3    Takikita, S.4    Xu, S.5    Xie, T.6
  • 99
    • 0038309329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular mechanism of autophagy
    • Wang CW, Klionsky DJ. The molecular mechanism of autophagy. Mol Med. 2003;9:65-76.
    • (2003) Mol Med. , vol.9 , pp. 65-76
    • Wang, C.W.1    Klionsky, D.J.2
  • 100
    • 68349097450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p62/SQSTM1 is overexpressed and prominently accumulated in inclusion of sporadic inclusion-body myositis muscle fibers, and can help differentiating it from polymyositis and dermatomyositis
    • Noglaska A, Terracciano C, D'Agostino C, Engel WK, Askanas V. p62/SQSTM1 is overexpressed and prominently accumulated in inclusion of sporadic inclusion-body myositis muscle fibers, and can help differentiating it from polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Acta Neuropath. 2009;118:407-13.
    • (2009) Acta Neuropath. , vol.118 , pp. 407-413
    • Noglaska, A.1    Terracciano, C.2    D'Agostino, C.3    Engel, W.K.4    Askanas, V.5
  • 101
    • 27944504351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p62/SQSTM1 forms protein aggregates degraded by autophagy and has a protective effect on huntingtin-induced cell death
    • Bjorkoy G, Lamak T, Brech A, Outzen H, Perander M, Overvatn A, et al. p62/SQSTM1 forms protein aggregates degraded by autophagy and has a protective effect on huntingtin-induced cell death. J Cell Biol. 2005;171:603-14.
    • (2005) J Cell Biol. , vol.171 , pp. 603-614
    • Bjorkoy, G.1    Lamak, T.2    Brech, A.3    Outzen, H.4    Perander, M.5    Overvatn, A.6
  • 102
    • 34548259958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p62/SQSTM1 binds directly to Atg8/LC3 to facilitate degradation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates by autophagy
    • Pankiv S, Clausen TH, Lamak T, Brech A, Bruun JA, Outzen H, et al. p62/SQSTM1 binds directly to Atg8/LC3 to facilitate degradation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates by autophagy. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:24131-45.
    • (2007) J Biol Chem. , vol.282 , pp. 24131-24145
    • Pankiv, S.1    Clausen, T.H.2    Lamak, T.3    Brech, A.4    Bruun, J.A.5    Outzen, H.6
  • 103
    • 36448968532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FoxO3 coordinately activates protein degradation by the autophagic/ lysosomal and proteasomal pathways in atrophying muscle cells
    • Zhao J, Brault JJ, Schild A, Cao P, Sandri M, Schiaffino S, et al. FoxO3 coordinately activates protein degradation by the autophagic/ lysosomal and proteasomal pathways in atrophying muscle cells. Cell Metab. 2007;6:472-83.
    • (2007) Cell Metab. , vol.6 , pp. 472-483
    • Zhao, J.1    Brault, J.J.2    Schild, A.3    Cao, P.4    Sandri, M.5    Schiaffino, S.6
  • 106
    • 33644641768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress, accumulation of biological 'garbage', and aging
    • Terman A, Brunk UT. Oxidative stress, accumulation of biological 'garbage', and aging. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2006;8:197-204.
    • (2006) Antioxid Redox Signal. , vol.8 , pp. 197-204
    • Terman, A.1    Brunk, U.T.2
  • 111
    • 73949099327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased muscle PGC-1α expression protects from sarcopenia and metabolic disease during aging
    • Wenz T, Rossi SG, Rotundo RL, Spiegelman BM, Moraes CT. Increased muscle PGC-1α expression protects from sarcopenia and metabolic disease during aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106:20405-10.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. , vol.106 , pp. 20405-20410
    • Wenz, T.1    Rossi, S.G.2    Rotundo, R.L.3    Spiegelman, B.M.4    Moraes, C.T.5
  • 112
    • 75049085555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle autophagy and apoptosis during aging: Effects of calorie restriction and life-long exercise
    • Wohlgemuth SE, Seo AY, Marzetti E, Lees HA, Leeuwenburgh C. Skeletal muscle autophagy and apoptosis during aging: effects of calorie restriction and life-long exercise. Exp Gerontol. 2010;45:138-48.
    • (2010) Exp Gerontol. , vol.45 , pp. 138-148
    • Wohlgemuth, S.E.1    Seo, A.Y.2    Marzetti, E.3    Lees, H.A.4    Leeuwenburgh, C.5
  • 113
    • 0035809160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two distinct Vps34 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complexes function in autophagy and carboxypeptidase Y sorting in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Kihara A, Noda T, Ishihara N, Ohsumi Y. Two distinct Vps34 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complexes function in autophagy and carboxypeptidase Y sorting in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biol. 2001;152:519-30.
    • (2001) J Cell Biol. , vol.152 , pp. 519-530
    • Kihara, A.1    Noda, T.2    Ishihara, N.3    Ohsumi, Y.4
  • 114
    • 21044455137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impairment of starvation-induced and constitutive autophagy in Atg7-deficient mice
    • Komatsu M, Waguri S, Ueno T, Iwata J, Murata S, Tanida I, et al. Impairment of starvation-induced and constitutive autophagy in Atg7-deficient mice. J Cell Biol. 2005;169:425-34.
    • (2005) J Cell Biol. , vol.169 , pp. 425-434
    • Komatsu, M.1    Waguri, S.2    Ueno, T.3    Iwata, J.4    Murata, S.5    Tanida, I.6
  • 115
  • 117
    • 8444243360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of muscle mass by myostatin
    • Lee SJ. Regulation of muscle mass by myostatin. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2004;20:61-86.
    • (2004) Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 61-86
    • Lee, S.J.1
  • 118
    • 0037147210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myostatin inhibits myoblast differentiation by down-regulating MyoD expression
    • Langley B, Thomas M, Bishop A, Sharma M, Gilmour S, Kambadur R. Myostatin inhibits myoblast differentiation by down-regulating MyoD expression. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:49831-40.
    • (2002) J Biol Chem. , vol.277 , pp. 49831-49840
    • Langley, B.1    Thomas, M.2    Bishop, A.3    Sharma, M.4    Gilmour, S.5    Kambadur, R.6
  • 119
    • 0034704106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle growth, functions by inhibiting myoblast differentiation
    • Thomas M, Langley B, Berry C, Sharma M, Kirk S, Bass J, et al. Myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle growth, functions by inhibiting myoblast differentiation. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:40235-43.
    • (2000) J Biol Chem. , vol.275 , pp. 40235-40243
    • Thomas, M.1    Langley, B.2    Berry, C.3    Sharma, M.4    Kirk, S.5    Bass, J.6
  • 120
    • 33947538814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myostatin induces cyclin D1 degradation to cause cell cycle arrest through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/GSK-3β pathway and is antagonized by insulin-like growth factor 1
    • YangW, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wu Z, Zhu D. Myostatin induces cyclin D1 degradation to cause cell cycle arrest through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/GSK-3β pathway and is antagonized by insulin-like growth factor 1. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:3799-808.
    • (2007) J Biol Chem. , vol.282 , pp. 3799-3808
    • Yang, W.1    Zhang, Y.2    Li, Y.3    Wu, Z.4    Zhu, D.5
  • 121
    • 0035979253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of myostatin activity and muscle growth
    • Lee SJ, McPherron AM. Regulation of myostatin activity and muscle growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98:9306-11.
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. , vol.98 , pp. 9306-9311
    • Lee, S.J.1    McPherron, A.M.2
  • 122
    • 33846332013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of myostatin expression and myoblast differentiation by FoxO and SMAD transcription factors
    • Allen DL, Unterman TG. Regulation of myostatin expression and myoblast differentiation by FoxO and SMAD transcription factors. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2007;292:C188-99.
    • (2007) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. , vol.292
    • Allen, D.L.1    Unterman, T.G.2
  • 125
    • 47749099634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myostatin as a therapeutic target for musculoskeletal disease
    • Bradley L, Yaworsky PJ, Walsh FS. Myostatin as a therapeutic target for musculoskeletal disease. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2008;65:2119-24.
    • (2008) Cell Mol Life Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 2119-2124
    • Bradley, L.1    Yaworsky, P.J.2    Walsh, F.S.3
  • 127
    • 33747223762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myostatin inhibition slows muscle atrophy in rodent models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Holzbaur EL, Howland DS, Weber N, Wallace K, She Y, Kwak S, et al. Myostatin inhibition slows muscle atrophy in rodent models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis. 2006;23:697-707.
    • (2006) Neurobiol Dis. , vol.23 , pp. 697-707
    • Holzbaur, E.L.1    Howland, D.S.2    Weber, N.3    Wallace, K.4    She, Y.5    Kwak, S.6
  • 129
    • 0034595910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential adaptation of growth and differentiation factor 8/ myostatin, fibroblast growth factor 6 and leukemia inhibitory factor in overloaded, regenerating, and denervated rat muscles
    • Sakuma K, Watanabe K, Sano M, Uramoto I, Totsuka T. Differential adaptation of growth and differentiation factor 8/ myostatin, fibroblast growth factor 6 and leukemia inhibitory factor in overloaded, regenerating, and denervated rat muscles. Biochim Biophys Acta, Mol Cell Res. 2000;1497:77-88.
    • (2000) Biochim Biophys Acta, Mol Cell Res. , vol.1497 , pp. 77-88
    • Sakuma, K.1    Watanabe, K.2    Sano, M.3    Uramoto, I.4    Totsuka, T.5
  • 131
    • 0033971745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of myostatin expression duringmodified muscle use
    • Wehling M, Cai B, Tidball JG. Modulation of myostatin expression duringmodified muscle use. FASEB J. 2000;14:103-10.
    • (2000) FASEB J. , vol.14 , pp. 103-110
    • Wehling, M.1    Cai, B.2    Tidball, J.G.3
  • 133
    • 47949097215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imbalance between pSmad3 and Notch induces CDK inhibitors is old muscle stem cells
    • Carlson ME, Hsu M, Conboy IM. Imbalance between pSmad3 and Notch induces CDK inhibitors is old muscle stem cells. Nature. 2008;454:528-32.
    • (2008) Nature. , vol.454 , pp. 528-532
    • Carlson, M.E.1    Hsu, M.2    Conboy, I.M.3
  • 134
    • 33646357762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging-sensitive cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy
    • Haddad F, Adams GR. Aging-sensitive cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy. J Appl Physiol. 2006;100:1188-203.
    • (2006) J Appl Physiol. , vol.100 , pp. 1188-1203
    • Haddad, F.1    Adams, G.R.2
  • 137
    • 78649853041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibody-directed myostatin inhibition in 21-mo-old mice reveals novel roles for myostatin signaling in skeletal muscle structure and function
    • Murphy KT, Koopman R, Naim T, Léger B, Trieu J, Ibebunjo C, et al. Antibody-directed myostatin inhibition in 21-mo-old mice reveals novel roles for myostatin signaling in skeletal muscle structure and function. FASEB J. 2010;24:4433-42.
    • (2010) FASEB J. , vol.24 , pp. 4433-4442
    • Murphy, K.T.1    Koopman, R.2    Naim, T.3    Léger, B.4    Trieu, J.5    Ibebunjo, C.6
  • 138
    • 58149471229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Down-regulation of Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in response to myostatin overexpression in skeletal muscle
    • Amirouche A, Durieux AC, Banzet S, Koulmann N, Bonnefoy R, Mouret C, et al. Down-regulation of Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in response to myostatin overexpression in skeletal muscle. Endocrinology. 2009;150:286-94.
    • (2009) Endocrinology. , vol.150 , pp. 286-294
    • Amirouche, A.1    Durieux, A.C.2    Banzet, S.3    Koulmann, N.4    Bonnefoy, R.5    Mouret, C.6
  • 139
    • 33749254273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myostatin induces cachexia by activating the ubiquitin proteolytic system through an NF-κB-independent, FoxO1-dependent mechanism
    • McFarlane C, Plummer E, Thomas M, Hennebry A, Ashby M, Ling N, et al. Myostatin induces cachexia by activating the ubiquitin proteolytic system through an NF-κB-independent, FoxO1-dependent mechanism. J Cell Physiol. 2006;209:501-14.
    • (2006) J Cell Physiol. , vol.209 , pp. 501-514
    • McFarlane, C.1    Plummer, E.2    Thomas, M.3    Hennebry, A.4    Ashby, M.5    Ling, N.6
  • 140
    • 66049084853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular profile of quadriceps muscle in myostatin-null mice reveal PI3K and apoptotic pathways as myostatin targets
    • Chelh I, Meunier B, Picard B, Reecy JM, Chevalier C, Hocquette JF, et al. Molecular profile of quadriceps muscle in myostatin-null mice reveal PI3K and apoptotic pathways as myostatin targets. BMC Genomics. 2009;10:196.
    • (2009) BMC Genomics. , vol.10 , pp. 196
    • Chelh, I.1    Meunier, B.2    Picard, B.3    Reecy, J.M.4    Chevalier, C.5    Hocquette, J.F.6
  • 142
    • 0031762897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression and secretion of inhibin and activin A in normal and neoplastic uterine tissues. High levels of serum activin A in women with endometrial and cervical carcinoma
    • Petraglia F, Florio P, Luisi S, Gallo R, Gadducci A, Viganó P, et al. Expression and secretion of inhibin and activin A in normal and neoplastic uterine tissues. High levels of serum activin A in women with endometrial and cervical carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83:1194-200.
    • (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.83 , pp. 1194-1200
    • Petraglia, F.1    Florio, P.2    Luisi, S.3    Gallo, R.4    Gadducci, A.5    Viganó, P.6
  • 144
    • 0033006969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myostatin, a transforming growth factorbeta superfamily member, is expressed in heart muscle and is upregulated in cardiomyocytes after infarct
    • Sharma M, Kambadur R, Matthews KG, Somers WG, Devlin GP, Conaglen JV, et al. Myostatin, a transforming growth factorbeta superfamily member, is expressed in heart muscle and is upregulated in cardiomyocytes after infarct. J Cell Physiol. 1999;180:1-9.
    • (1999) J Cell Physiol. , vol.180 , pp. 1-9
    • Sharma, M.1    Kambadur, R.2    Matthews, K.G.3    Somers, W.G.4    Devlin, G.P.5    Conaglen, J.V.6
  • 145
    • 33748707456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myostatin expression in ventricular myocardium in a rat model of volumeoverload heart failure
    • Shyu KG, Lu MJ, Wang BW, Sun HY, Chang H. Myostatin expression in ventricular myocardium in a rat model of volumeoverload heart failure. Eur J Clin Invest. 2006;36:713-9.
    • (2006) Eur J Clin Invest. , vol.36 , pp. 713-719
    • Shyu, K.G.1    Lu, M.J.2    Wang, B.W.3    Sun, H.Y.4    Chang, H.5
  • 146
    • 76649138257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic deletion of myostatin from the heart prevents skeletal muscle atrophy in heart failure
    • Heineke J, Auger-Messier M, Xu J, Sargent M, York A, Welle S, et al. Genetic deletion of myostatin from the heart prevents skeletal muscle atrophy in heart failure. Circulation. 2010;121:419-25.
    • (2010) Circulation. , vol.121 , pp. 419-425
    • Heineke, J.1    Auger-Messier, M.2    Xu, J.3    Sargent, M.4    York, A.5    Welle, S.6
  • 147
  • 148
    • 78650519656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myostatin up-regulation is associated with the skeletal muscle response to hypoxic stimuli
    • Hayot M, Rodriguez J, Vernus B, Carnac G, Jean E, Allen D, et al. Myostatin up-regulation is associated with the skeletal muscle response to hypoxic stimuli. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2011;332:38-47.
    • (2011) Mol Cell Endocrinol. , vol.332 , pp. 38-47
    • Hayot, M.1    Rodriguez, J.2    Vernus, B.3    Carnac, G.4    Jean, E.5    Allen, D.6
  • 149
    • 77955642517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal of cancer cachexia and muscle wasting by ActRIIB antagonism leads to prolonged survival
    • Zhou X, Wang JL, Lu J, Song Y, Kwak KS, Jiao Q, et al. Reversal of cancer cachexia and muscle wasting by ActRIIB antagonism leads to prolonged survival. Cell. 2010;142:531-43.
    • (2010) Cell. , vol.142 , pp. 531-543
    • Zhou, X.1    Wang, J.L.2    Lu, J.3    Song, Y.4    Kwak, K.S.5    Jiao, Q.6
  • 152
    • 0037927688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Catabolism of aging: Is it an inflammatory process?
    • Roubenoff R. Catabolism of aging: is it an inflammatory process? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2003;6:295-9.
    • (2003) Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. , vol.6 , pp. 295-299
    • Roubenoff, R.1
  • 153
  • 154
    • 70649098452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of low grade inflammation restores blunting of postprandial muscle anabolism and limits sarcopenia in old rats
    • Rieu I, Magne H, Savary-Auzeloux I, Averous J, Bos C, Peyron MA, et al. Reduction of low grade inflammation restores blunting of postprandial muscle anabolism and limits sarcopenia in old rats. J Physiol. 2009;587:5483-92.
    • (2009) J Physiol. , vol.587 , pp. 5483-5492
    • Rieu, I.1    Magne, H.2    Savary-Auzeloux, I.3    Averous, J.4    Bos, C.5    Peyron, M.A.6
  • 156
    • 0035722694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor-α and muscle wasting: A cellular perspective
    • Reid MB, Li YP. Tumor necrosis factor-α and muscle wasting: a cellular perspective. Respir Res. 2001;2:269-72.
    • (2001) Respir Res. , vol.2 , pp. 269-272
    • Reid, M.B.1    Li, Y.P.2
  • 157
    • 79954554400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and skeletal muscle dysfunction with aging
    • Aoi W, Sakuma K. Oxidative stress and skeletal muscle dysfunction with aging. Curr Aging Sci. 2011;4:101-9.
    • (2011) Curr Aging Sci. , vol.4 , pp. 101-109
    • Aoi, W.1    Sakuma, K.2
  • 158
    • 77951922812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress, molecular inflammation and sarcopenia
    • Meng S-J, Yu L-J. Oxidative stress, molecular inflammation and sarcopenia. Int J Mol Sci. 2010;11:1509-26.
    • (2010) Int J Mol Sci. , vol.11 , pp. 1509-1526
    • Meng, S.-J.1    Yu, L.-J.2
  • 159
    • 11144307949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of hindlimb immobilization on acid phosphatase, metalloproteinase and nuclear factor-kappaB in muscles of young and old rats
    • Bar-Shai M, Carmeli E, Coleman R, Rozen N, Perek S, Euchs D, et al. The effect of hindlimb immobilization on acid phosphatase, metalloproteinase and nuclear factor-kappaB in muscles of young and old rats. Mech Ageing Dev. 2005;126:289-97.
    • (2005) Mech Ageing Dev. , vol.126 , pp. 289-297
    • Bar-Shai, M.1    Carmeli, E.2    Coleman, R.3    Rozen, N.4    Perek, S.5    Euchs, D.6
  • 160
    • 16344385647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle fiber-specific apoptosis and TNF-α signaling in sarcopenia are attenuated by life-long calorie restriction
    • Phillips T, Leeuwenburgh C. Muscle fiber-specific apoptosis and TNF-α signaling in sarcopenia are attenuated by life-long calorie restriction. FASEB J. 2005;19:668-70.
    • (2005) FASEB J. , vol.19 , pp. 668-670
    • Phillips, T.1    Leeuwenburgh, C.2
  • 161
    • 60549115947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in IL-15 expression and deathreceptor apoptotic signaling in rat gastrocnemius muscle with aging and life-long calorie restriction
    • Marzetti E, Carter CS, Wohlgemuth SE, Lees HA, Giovannini S, Anderson B, et al. Changes in IL-15 expression and deathreceptor apoptotic signaling in rat gastrocnemius muscle with aging and life-long calorie restriction. Mech Ageing Dev. 2009;130:272-80.
    • (2009) Mech Ageing Dev. , vol.130 , pp. 272-280
    • Marzetti, E.1    Carter, C.S.2    Wohlgemuth, S.E.3    Lees, H.A.4    Giovannini, S.5    Anderson, B.6
  • 162
    • 33845373054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death receptor-associated proapoptotic signaling in aged skeletal muscle
    • Pistilli E, Jackson JR, Always SE. Death receptor-associated proapoptotic signaling in aged skeletal muscle. Apoptosis. 2006;11:2115-26.
    • (2006) Apoptosis. , vol.11 , pp. 2115-2126
    • Pistilli, E.1    Jackson, J.R.2    Always, S.E.3
  • 164
    • 44949269111 scopus 로고
    • Cells secreting tumour necrosis factor show enhanced metastasis in nude mice
    • Malik ST, Naylor MS, East N, Oliff A, Balkwill FR. Cells secreting tumour necrosis factor show enhanced metastasis in nude mice. Eur J Cancer. 1990;26:1031-4.
    • (1990) Eur J Cancer. , vol.26 , pp. 1031-1034
    • Malik, S.T.1    Naylor, M.S.2    East, N.3    Oliff, A.4    Balkwill, F.R.5
  • 165
    • 49249107691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibition of skeletal muscle regeneration is mediated by a caspase-dependent stem cell response
    • Moresi V, Pristera A, Scicchitano BM, Molinaro M, Teodori L, Sassoon D, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibition of skeletal muscle regeneration is mediated by a caspase-dependent stem cell response. Stem Cells. 2008;26:997-1008.
    • (2008) Stem Cells. , vol.26 , pp. 997-1008
    • Moresi, V.1    Pristera, A.2    Scicchitano, B.M.3    Molinaro, M.4    Teodori, L.5    Sassoon, D.6
  • 166
    • 28844451913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene transfer induces cachexia and inhibits muscle regeneration
    • Coletti D, Moresi V, Adamo S, Molinaro M, Sassoon D. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene transfer induces cachexia and inhibits muscle regeneration. Genesis. 2005;43:120-8.
    • (2005) Genesis. , vol.43 , pp. 120-128
    • Coletti, D.1    Moresi, V.2    Adamo, S.3    Molinaro, M.4    Sassoon, D.5
  • 167
    • 0034730251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NF-κB-induced loss of MyoD messenger RNA: Possible role in muscle decay and cachexia
    • Guttridge DC, Mayo MW, Madrid LV, Wang CY, Baldwin Jr AS. NF-κB-induced loss of MyoD messenger RNA: possible role in muscle decay and cachexia. Science. 2000;289:2363-6.
    • (2000) Science. , vol.289 , pp. 2363-2366
    • Guttridge, D.C.1    Mayo, M.W.2    Madrid, L.V.3    Wang, C.Y.4    Baldwin Jr, A.S.5
  • 168
    • 22544452988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NF-kappa B-mediated MyoD decay during muscle wasting requires nitric oxide synthase mRNA stabilization, HuR protein, and nitric oxide release
    • Di Marco S, Mazroui R, Dallaire P, Chittur S, Tenenbaum SA, Radzioch D, et al. NF-kappa B-mediated MyoD decay during muscle wasting requires nitric oxide synthase mRNA stabilization, HuR protein, and nitric oxide release. Mol Cell Biol. 2005;25:6533-45.
    • (2005) Mol Cell Biol. , vol.25 , pp. 6533-6545
    • Di Marco, S.1    Mazroui, R.2    Dallaire, P.3    Chittur, S.4    Tenenbaum, S.A.5    Radzioch, D.6
  • 171
    • 79952763971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NF-κB inhibition protects against tumor-induced cardiac atrophy in vivo
    • Wysong A, Couch M, Shadfar S, Li L, Rodriguez JE, Asher S, et al. NF-κB inhibition protects against tumor-induced cardiac atrophy in vivo. Am J Pathol. 2011;178:1059-68.
    • (2011) Am J Pathol. , vol.178 , pp. 1059-1068
    • Wysong, A.1    Couch, M.2    Shadfar, S.3    Li, L.4    Rodriguez, J.E.5    Asher, S.6
  • 172
    • 27644471080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dystrophin glycoprotein complex dysfunction: A regulatory link between muscular dystrophy and cancer cachexia
    • Acharyya S, Butchbach ME, Sahenk Z, Wang H, Saji M, Carathers M, et al. Dystrophin glycoprotein complex dysfunction: a regulatory link between muscular dystrophy and cancer cachexia. Cancer Cell. 2005;8:421-32.
    • (2005) Cancer Cell. , vol.8 , pp. 421-432
    • Acharyya, S.1    Butchbach, M.E.2    Sahenk, Z.3    Wang, H.4    Saji, M.5    Carathers, M.6
  • 173
    • 6544264325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intratumoral injection of oligonucleotides to the NF-κB binding site inhibits cachexia in a mouse tumor model
    • Kawamura I, Morishita R, Tomita N, Lacey E, Aketa M, Tsujimoto S, et al. Intratumoral injection of oligonucleotides to the NF-κB binding site inhibits cachexia in a mouse tumor model. Gene Ther. 1999;6:91-7.
    • (1999) Gene Ther. , vol.6 , pp. 91-97
    • Kawamura, I.1    Morishita, R.2    Tomita, N.3    Lacey, E.4    Aketa, M.5    Tsujimoto, S.6
  • 176
    • 0036216137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of iNOS-expression in skeletal muscle by IL-1β and NFκB activation: An in vitro and in vivo study
    • Adams V, Nehrhoff B, Späte U, Linke A, Schulze PC, Baur A, et al. Induction of iNOS-expression in skeletal muscle by IL-1β and NFκB activation: an in vitro and in vivo study. Cardiovasc Res. 2002;54:95-104.
    • (2002) Cardiovasc Res. , vol.54 , pp. 95-104
    • Adams, V.1    Nehrhoff, B.2    Späte, U.3    Linke, A.4    Schulze, P.C.5    Baur, A.6
  • 177
    • 47749098550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fiber typespecific nitric oxide protects oxidative myofibers against cachectic stimuli
    • Yu Z, Li P, Zhang M, Hannink M, Stamler JS, Yan Z. Fiber typespecific nitric oxide protects oxidative myofibers against cachectic stimuli. PLoS One. 2008;3:e2086.
    • (2008) PLoS One. , vol.3
    • Yu, Z.1    Li, P.2    Zhang, M.3    Hannink, M.4    Stamler, J.S.5    Yan, Z.6
  • 179
    • 0030759546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of cachexia in mice by a product isolated from the uterine of cachectic cancer patients
    • Cariuk P, Lorite MJ, Todorov PT, Field WN, Wigmore SJ, Tisdale MJ. Induction of cachexia in mice by a product isolated from the uterine of cachectic cancer patients. Br J Cancer. 1997;76:606-13.
    • (1997) Br J Cancer. , vol.76 , pp. 606-613
    • Cariuk, P.1    Lorite, M.J.2    Todorov, P.T.3    Field, W.N.4    Wigmore, S.J.5    Tisdale, M.J.6
  • 180
    • 26844582185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular pathways leading to cancer cachexia
    • Tisdale MJ. Molecular pathways leading to cancer cachexia. Physiology (Bethesda). 2005;20:340-8.
    • (2005) Physiology (Bethesda). , vol.20 , pp. 340-348
    • Tisdale, M.J.1
  • 181
    • 14944352786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NF-κB mediates proteolysis-inducing factor induced protein degradation and expression of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in skeletal muscle
    • Wyke SM, Tisdale MJ. NF-κB mediates proteolysis-inducing factor induced protein degradation and expression of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in skeletal muscle. Br J Cancer. 2005;92:711-21.
    • (2005) Br J Cancer. , vol.92 , pp. 711-721
    • Wyke, S.M.1    Tisdale, M.J.2
  • 183
    • 21244496302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in muscle atrophy: Relevance to sarcopenia
    • Dupont-Versteegden EE. Apoptosis in muscle atrophy: relevance to sarcopenia. Exp Gerontol. 2005;40:473-81.
    • (2005) Exp Gerontol. , vol.40 , pp. 473-481
    • Dupont-Versteegden, E.E.1
  • 184
    • 38049058773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of age-induced apoptotic signaling and cellular remodeling by exercise and calorie restriction in skeletal muscle
    • Marzetti E, Lawler JM, Hiona A, Manini T, Seo AY, Leeuwenburgh C. Modulation of age-induced apoptotic signaling and cellular remodeling by exercise and calorie restriction in skeletal muscle. Free Radic Biol Med. 2008;44:160-8.
    • (2008) Free Radic Biol Med. , vol.44 , pp. 160-168
    • Marzetti, E.1    Lawler, J.M.2    Hiona, A.3    Manini, T.4    Seo, A.Y.5    Leeuwenburgh, C.6
  • 185
    • 73349091842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of mitochondria in apoptosis
    • Wang C, Youle RJ. The role of mitochondria in apoptosis. Ann Rev Genet. 2009;43:95-118.
    • (2009) Ann Rev Genet. , vol.43 , pp. 95-118
    • Wang, C.1    Youle, R.J.2
  • 186
    • 33646697753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise training attenuates ageinduced changes in apoptotic signaling in rat skeletal muscle
    • Song W, Kwak HB, Lawler JM. Exercise training attenuates ageinduced changes in apoptotic signaling in rat skeletal muscle. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2006;8:517-28.
    • (2006) Antioxid Redox Signal. , vol.8 , pp. 517-528
    • Song, W.1    Kwak, H.B.2    Lawler, J.M.3
  • 188
    • 25844520458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondria in homeostasis of reactive oxygen species in cell, tissues, and organism
    • Jezek P, Hlavata L. Mitochondria in homeostasis of reactive oxygen species in cell, tissues, and organism. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2005;37:2478-503.
    • (2005) Int J Biochem Cell Biol. , vol.37 , pp. 2478-2503
    • Jezek, P.1    Hlavata, L.2
  • 189
    • 0031032817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA damage is more extensive and persists longer than nuclear DNA damage in human cells following oxidative stress
    • Yakes FM, Van HB. Mitochondrial DNA damage is more extensive and persists longer than nuclear DNA damage in human cells following oxidative stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997;94:514-9.
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. , vol.94 , pp. 514-519
    • Yakes, F.M.1    Van, H.B.2
  • 190
    • 0036089622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial abnormalities are more frequent in muscles undergoing sarcopenia
    • Bua EA, McKiernan SH, Eanagat J, McKenzie D, Aiken JM. Mitochondrial abnormalities are more frequent in muscles undergoing sarcopenia. J Appl Physiol. 2002;92:2617-24.
    • (2002) J Appl Physiol. , vol.92 , pp. 2617-2624
    • Bua, E.A.1    McKiernan, S.H.2    Eanagat, J.3    McKenzie, D.4    Aiken, J.M.5
  • 191
    • 0035127889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA deletion mutations colocalize with segmental electron transport system abnormalities, muscle fiber atrophy, fiber splitting, and oxidative damage in sarcopenia
    • Wanagat J, Cao Z, Pathare P, Aiken JM. Mitochondrial DNA deletion mutations colocalize with segmental electron transport system abnormalities, muscle fiber atrophy, fiber splitting, and oxidative damage in sarcopenia. FASEB J. 2001;15:322-32.
    • (2001) FASEB J. , vol.15 , pp. 322-332
    • Wanagat, J.1    Cao, Z.2    Pathare, P.3    Aiken, J.M.4
  • 192
    • 0036790385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA mutation, and impairment of antioxidant enzymes in aging
    • Wei YH, Lee HC. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA mutation, and impairment of antioxidant enzymes in aging. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2002;227:671-82.
    • (2002) Exp Biol Med (Maywood). , vol.227 , pp. 671-682
    • Wei, Y.H.1    Lee, H.C.2
  • 193
    • 49949152254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis signaling is essential and precedes protein degradation in wasting skeletal muscle during catabolic conditions
    • Argiles JM, Lopez-Soriano FJ, Busquets S. Apoptosis signaling is essential and precedes protein degradation in wasting skeletal muscle during catabolic conditions. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2008;40:1674-8.
    • (2008) Int J Biochem Cell Biol. , vol.40 , pp. 1674-1678
    • Argiles, J.M.1    Lopez-Soriano, F.J.2    Busquets, S.3
  • 194
    • 33751432392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated caspase and AIDF gene expression correlate with progression of sarcopenia during aging in male F344BN rats
    • Baker DJ, Hepple RT. Elevated caspase and AIDF gene expression correlate with progression of sarcopenia during aging in male F344BN rats. Exp Gerontol. 2006;41:1149-56.
    • (2006) Exp Gerontol. , vol.41 , pp. 1149-1156
    • Baker, D.J.1    Hepple, R.T.2
  • 195
    • 76149122471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The age-dependent induction of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in the human semitendinosus skeletal muscle
    • Park SY, Kim HY, Lee JH, Yoon KH, Change MS, Park SK. The age-dependent induction of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in the human semitendinosus skeletal muscle. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2010;15:1-12.
    • (2010) Cell Mol Biol Lett. , vol.15 , pp. 1-12
    • Park, S.Y.1    Kim, H.Y.2    Lee, J.H.3    Yoon, K.H.4    Change, M.S.5    Park, S.K.6
  • 197
    • 18744425429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The caspase-8 inhibitor FLIP promotes activation of NF-kappaB and Erk signaling pathways
    • Kataoka T, Budd RC, Holler N, Thome M, Martinon F, Irmler M, et al. The caspase-8 inhibitor FLIP promotes activation of NF-kappaB and Erk signaling pathways. Curr Biol. 2000;10:640-8.
    • (2000) Curr Biol. , vol.10 , pp. 640-648
    • Kataoka, T.1    Budd, R.C.2    Holler, N.3    Thome, M.4    Martinon, F.5    Irmler, M.6
  • 199
    • 0031463025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early lethality, functional NF-kappaB activation, and increased sensitivity to TNF-induced cell death in TRAF2-deficient mice
    • Yeh WC, Shahinian A, Speiser D, Kraunus J, Billia F, Wakeham A, et al. Early lethality, functional NF-kappaB activation, and increased sensitivity to TNF-induced cell death in TRAF2-deficient mice. Immunity. 1997;7:715-25.
    • (1997) Immunity. , vol.7 , pp. 715-725
    • Yeh, W.C.1    Shahinian, A.2    Speiser, D.3    Kraunus, J.4    Billia, F.5    Wakeham, A.6
  • 200
    • 0034637585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of death receptor-mediated gene induction by a cycloheximide-sensitive factor occurs at the level of or upstream of Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD)
    • Wajant H, Haas E, Schwenzer R, Muhlenbeck F, Kreuz S, Schubert G, et al. Inhibition of death receptor-mediated gene induction by a cycloheximide-sensitive factor occurs at the level of or upstream of Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD). J Biol Chem. 2000;275:24357-66.
    • (2000) J Biol Chem. , vol.275 , pp. 24357-24366
    • Wajant, H.1    Haas, E.2    Schwenzer, R.3    Muhlenbeck, F.4    Kreuz, S.5    Schubert, G.6
  • 201
    • 33845664833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular caspase-8-like inhibitory protein (cFLIP) prevents inhibition of muscle cell differentiation induced by cancer cells
    • Jiang Z, Clemens PR. Cellular caspase-8-like inhibitory protein (cFLIP) prevents inhibition of muscle cell differentiation induced by cancer cells. FASEB J. 2006;20:E1979-89.
    • (2006) FASEB J. , vol.20
    • Jiang, Z.1    Clemens, P.R.2
  • 202
    • 0842281645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell death: Critical control points
    • Daniel NN, Korsmeyer SJ. Cell death: critical control points. Cell. 2004;116:205-19.
    • (2004) Cell. , vol.116 , pp. 205-219
    • Daniel, N.N.1    Korsmeyer, S.J.2
  • 203
    • 0034986061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormonal changes in aging men: A therapeutic indication?
    • Hermann M, Berger P. Hormonal changes in aging men: a therapeutic indication? Exp Gerontol. 2001;36:1075-82.
    • (2001) Exp Gerontol. , vol.36 , pp. 1075-1082
    • Hermann, M.1    Berger, P.2
  • 204
    • 0036448219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of hormones in the pathogenesis and management of sarcopenia
    • Kamel H, Maas D, Duthie E. Role of hormones in the pathogenesis and management of sarcopenia. Drugs Aging. 2002;19:869-77.
    • (2002) Drugs Aging. , vol.19 , pp. 869-877
    • Kamel, H.1    Maas, D.2    Duthie, E.3
  • 205
    • 46749150471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying age-related skeletal muscle wasting and weakness
    • Ryall JG, Schertzer JD, Lynch GS. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying age-related skeletal muscle wasting and weakness. Biogerontology. 2008;9:213-28.
    • (2008) Biogerontology. , vol.9 , pp. 213-228
    • Ryall, J.G.1    Schertzer, J.D.2    Lynch, G.S.3
  • 206
    • 4344674127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormonal and lifestyle determinants of appendicular skeletal muscle mass in men: The MINOS Study
    • Szulc P, Duboeuf F, Marchand F, Delmas PD. Hormonal and lifestyle determinants of appendicular skeletal muscle mass in men: the MINOS Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80:496-503.
    • (2004) Am J Clin Nutr. , vol.80 , pp. 496-503
    • Szulc, P.1    Duboeuf, F.2    Marchand, F.3    Delmas, P.D.4
  • 207
    • 0030912617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testosterone and the aging male
    • Tenover JL. Testosterone and the aging male. J Androl. 1997;18:103-6.
    • (1997) J Androl. , vol.18 , pp. 103-106
    • Tenover, J.L.1
  • 208
    • 0036903170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in muscle strength explains accelerated decline of physical function in older women with high interleukin-6 serum levels
    • Ferrucci L, Penninx BW, Volpato S, Harris TB, Bandeen-Roche K, Balfour J, et al. Change in muscle strength explains accelerated decline of physical function in older women with high interleukin-6 serum levels. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50:1947-54.
    • (2002) J Am Geriatr Soc. , vol.50 , pp. 1947-1954
    • Ferrucci, L.1    Penninx, B.W.2    Volpato, S.3    Harris, T.B.4    Bandeen-Roche, K.5    Balfour, J.6
  • 209
    • 33847638108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in skeletal muscle physiology
    • Philippou A, Maridaki M, Halapas A, Koutsilieris M. The role of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in skeletal muscle physiology. In Vivo. 2007;21:45-54.
    • (2007) In Vivo. , vol.21 , pp. 45-54
    • Philippou, A.1    Maridaki, M.2    Halapas, A.3    Koutsilieris, M.4
  • 211
    • 54449085789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of GH/IGF-I axis: Potential strategies to counteract sarcopenia in older adults
    • Giovannini S, Marzetti E, Borst SE, Leeuwenburgh C. Modulation of GH/IGF-I axis: potential strategies to counteract sarcopenia in older adults. Mech Ageing Dev. 2008;129:593-601.
    • (2008) Mech Ageing Dev. , vol.129 , pp. 593-601
    • Giovannini, S.1    Marzetti, E.2    Borst, S.E.3    Leeuwenburgh, C.4
  • 213
    • 0028219050 scopus 로고
    • Insulinlike growth factor-I and insulin resistance in skeletal muscles of adults
    • Dardevet D, Sornet C, Attaix D, Baracos VE, Grizard J. Insulinlike growth factor-I and insulin resistance in skeletal muscles of adults. Endocrinology. 1994;134:1475-84.
    • (1994) Endocrinology. , vol.134 , pp. 1475-1484
    • Dardevet, D.1    Sornet, C.2    Attaix, D.3    Baracos, V.E.4    Grizard, J.5
  • 214
    • 0033555575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-associated alterations in cardiac and skeletal muscle glucose transporters, insulin and IGF-I receptors, and PI3-kinase protein contents in the C57BL/6 mouse
    • Martineau LC, Chadan SG, Parkhouse WS. Age-associated alterations in cardiac and skeletal muscle glucose transporters, insulin and IGF-I receptors, and PI3-kinase protein contents in the C57BL/6 mouse. Mech Ageing Dev. 1999;106:217-32.
    • (1999) Mech Ageing Dev. , vol.106 , pp. 217-232
    • Martineau, L.C.1    Chadan, S.G.2    Parkhouse, W.S.3
  • 215
    • 0033966195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor I: Implication in aging
    • Arvat E, Broglio F, Ghigo E. Insulin-like growth factor I: implication in aging. Drugs Aging. 2000;16:29-40.
    • (2000) Drugs Aging. , vol.16 , pp. 29-40
    • Arvat, E.1    Broglio, F.2    Ghigo, E.3
  • 217
    • 70350647205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blunting of insulin inhibition of proteolysis in legs of older subjects may contribute to age-related sarcopenia
    • Wilkes EA, Selby AL, Atherton PJ, Patel R, Rankin D, Smith K, et al. Blunting of insulin inhibition of proteolysis in legs of older subjects may contribute to age-related sarcopenia. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90:1343-50.
    • (2009) Am J Clin Nutr. , vol.90 , pp. 1343-1350
    • Wilkes, E.A.1    Selby, A.L.2    Atherton, P.J.3    Patel, R.4    Rankin, D.5    Smith, K.6
  • 220
    • 0033807039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Androgen deficiency in aging men: Role of testosterone replacement therapy
    • Morley JE, Perry 3rd HM. Androgen deficiency in aging men: role of testosterone replacement therapy. J Lab Clin Med. 2000;135:370-8.
    • (2000) J Lab Clin Med. , vol.135 , pp. 370-378
    • Morley, J.E.1    Perry 3rd, H.M.2
  • 221
    • 0033307232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of testosterone treatment on body composition and muscle strength in men over 65 years of age
    • Snyder PJ, Peachey H, Hannoush P, Berlin JA, Loh L, Lenrow DA, et al. Effect of testosterone treatment on body composition and muscle strength in men over 65 years of age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:2647-53.
    • (1999) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.84 , pp. 2647-2653
    • Snyder, P.J.1    Peachey, H.2    Hannoush, P.3    Berlin, J.A.4    Loh, L.5    Lenrow, D.A.6
  • 222
    • 33645274937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug insight: Testosterone and selective androgen receptor modulators as anabolic therapies for physical dysfunction in chronic illness and ageing
    • Bhasin S, Calof O, Storer TW, LeeM, Mazer N, Jasuja R, et al. Drug insight: testosterone and selective androgen receptor modulators as anabolic therapies for physical dysfunction in chronic illness and ageing. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2006;2:146-59.
    • (2006) Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. , vol.2 , pp. 146-159
    • Bhasin, S.1    Calof, O.2    Storer, T.W.3    Lee, M.4    Mazer, N.5    Jasuja, R.6
  • 223
    • 33747641590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of testosterone supplementation on skeletal muscle fiber hypertrophy and satellite cells in community-dwelling older men
    • Sinha-Hikim I, Cornford M, Gaytan H, Lee ML, Bhasin S. Effects of testosterone supplementation on skeletal muscle fiber hypertrophy and satellite cells in community-dwelling older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:3024-33.
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.91 , pp. 3024-3033
    • Sinha-Hikim, I.1    Cornford, M.2    Gaytan, H.3    Lee, M.L.4    Bhasin, S.5
  • 224
    • 74949086718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testosterone supplementation reverses sarcopenia in aging through regulation ofmyostatin, c-JunNH2-terminal kinase, Notch, and Akt signaling pathways
    • Kovacheva EL, Hikim AP, Shen R, Sinha I, Sinha-Hikim I. Testosterone supplementation reverses sarcopenia in aging through regulation ofmyostatin, c-JunNH2-terminal kinase, Notch, and Akt signaling pathways. Endocrinology. 2010;151:628-38.
    • (2010) Endocrinology. , vol.151 , pp. 628-638
    • Kovacheva, E.L.1    Hikim, A.P.2    Shen, R.3    Sinha, I.4    Sinha-Hikim, I.5
  • 225
    • 0020059937 scopus 로고
    • Hypogonadism in male patients with metastatic cancer prior to chemotherapy
    • Chebowski RT, Heber D. Hypogonadism in male patients with metastatic cancer prior to chemotherapy. Cancer Res. 1982;42:2495-8.
    • (1982) Cancer Res. , vol.42 , pp. 2495-2498
    • Chebowski, R.T.1    Heber, D.2
  • 226
    • 0034732279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormone substitution in male hypogonadism
    • Zitzmann M, Nieschlag E. Hormone substitution in male hypogonadism. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2000;161:73-88.
    • (2000) Mol Cell Endocrinol. , vol.161 , pp. 73-88
    • Zitzmann, M.1    Nieschlag, E.2
  • 227
    • 35649015452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Markers of inflammation and disuse in vastus lateralis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
    • Crul T, Spruit MA, Gayan-Ramirez G, Quarck R, Gosselink R, Troosters T, et al. Markers of inflammation and disuse in vastus lateralis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Eur J Clin Invest. 2007;37:897-904.
    • (2007) Eur J Clin Invest. , vol.37 , pp. 897-904
    • Crul, T.1    Spruit, M.A.2    Gayan-Ramirez, G.3    Quarck, R.4    Gosselink, R.5    Troosters, T.6
  • 229
    • 0031952987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testosterone levels in men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with or without glucocorticoid therapy
    • Kamischke A, Kemper DE, Castel MA, Luthke M, Rolf C, Behre HM, et al. Testosterone levels in men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with or without glucocorticoid therapy. Eur Respir J. 1998;11:41-5.
    • (1998) Eur Respir J. , vol.11 , pp. 41-45
    • Kamischke, A.1    Kemper, D.E.2    Castel, M.A.3    Luthke, M.4    Rolf, C.5    Behre, H.M.6
  • 230
    • 0034897735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquired growth hormone resistance in patients with chronic heart failure: Implications for therapy with growth hormone
    • Anker SD, Volterrani M, Pflaum CD, Strasburger CJ, Osterziel KJ, Doehner W, et al. Acquired growth hormone resistance in patients with chronic heart failure: implications for therapy with growth hormone. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:443-52.
    • (2001) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.38 , pp. 443-452
    • Anker, S.D.1    Volterrani, M.2    Pflaum, C.D.3    Strasburger, C.J.4    Osterziel, K.J.5    Doehner, W.6
  • 231
    • 0032146343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficient insulin-like growth factor I in chronic heart failure predicts altered body composition, anabolic deficiency, cytokine and neurohormonal activation
    • Niebauer J, Pflaum CD, Clark AL, Strasburger CJ, Hooper J, Poole-Wilson PA, et al. Deficient insulin-like growth factor I in chronic heart failure predicts altered body composition, anabolic deficiency, cytokine and neurohormonal activation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32:393-7.
    • (1998) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.32 , pp. 393-397
    • Niebauer, J.1    Pflaum, C.D.2    Clark, A.L.3    Strasburger, C.J.4    Hooper, J.5    Poole-Wilson, P.A.6
  • 233
    • 0034994026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF-alpha downregulates murine hepatic growth hormone receptor expression by inhibiting Sp1 and Sp3 binding
    • Denson LA, Menon RK, Shaufl A, Bajwa HS, Williams CR, Karpen SJ. TNF-alpha downregulates murine hepatic growth hormone receptor expression by inhibiting Sp1 and Sp3 binding. J Clin Invest. 2001;107:1451-8.
    • (2001) J Clin Invest. , vol.107 , pp. 1451-1458
    • Denson, L.A.1    Menon, R.K.2    Shaufl, A.3    Bajwa, H.S.4    Williams, C.R.5    Karpen, S.J.6
  • 235
    • 47549114457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a supraphysiological dose of testosterone on physical function, muscle performance, mood, and fatigue in men with HIV-associated weight loss
    • Knapp PE, Storer TW, Herbst KL, Singh AB, Dzekov C, Dzekov J, et al. Effects of a supraphysiological dose of testosterone on physical function, muscle performance, mood, and fatigue in men with HIV-associated weight loss. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008;294:E1135-43.
    • (2008) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. , vol.294
    • Knapp, P.E.1    Storer, T.W.2    Herbst, K.L.3    Singh, A.B.4    Dzekov, C.5    Dzekov, J.6
  • 236
    • 33846993396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testosterone supplementation of megestrol therapy does not enhance lean tissue accrual in men with human immunodeficiency virus associated weight loss: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial
    • Mulligan K, Zackin R, Von Roenn JH, Chesney MA, Egorin MJ, Sattler FR, et al. Testosterone supplementation of megestrol therapy does not enhance lean tissue accrual in men with human immunodeficiency virus associated weight loss: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:563-70.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.92 , pp. 563-570
    • Mulligan, K.1    Zackin, R.2    von Roenn, J.H.3    Chesney, M.A.4    Egorin, M.J.5    Sattler, F.R.6
  • 237
    • 0025831976 scopus 로고
    • The effect of growth hormone on weight gain and pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease
    • Pape GS, Friedman M, Underwood LE, Clemmons DR. The effect of growth hormone on weight gain and pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Chest. 1991;99:1495-500.
    • (1991) Chest. , vol.99 , pp. 1495-1500
    • Pape, G.S.1    Friedman, M.2    Underwood, L.E.3    Clemmons, D.R.4
  • 238
    • 0031436628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Administration of growth hormone to underweight patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A prospective, randomized, controlled study
    • Burdet L, de Muralt B, Schutz Y, Pichard C, Fitting JW. Administration of growth hormone to underweight patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A prospective, randomized, controlled study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156:1800-6.
    • (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med. , vol.156 , pp. 1800-1806
    • Burdet, L.1    de Muralt, B.2    Schutz, Y.3    Pichard, C.4    Fitting, J.W.5
  • 239
    • 0029799510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy
    • Frustaci A, Gentiloni N, Russo MA. Growth hormone in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy. NEngl J Med. 1996;335:672-3.
    • (1996) NEngl J Med. , vol.335 , pp. 672-673
    • Frustaci, A.1    Gentiloni, N.2    Russo, M.A.3
  • 240
    • 0032565361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised, double blind, placebocontrolled trial of human recombinant growth hormone in patients with chronic heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy
    • Osterziel KJ, Strohm O, Schuler J, Friedrich M, Hänlein D, Willenbrock R, et al. Randomised, double blind, placebocontrolled trial of human recombinant growth hormone in patients with chronic heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy. Lancet. 1998;351:1233-7.
    • (1998) Lancet. , vol.351 , pp. 1233-1237
    • Osterziel, K.J.1    Strohm, O.2    Schuler, J.3    Friedrich, M.4    Hänlein, D.5    Willenbrock, R.6
  • 241
    • 77950513120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on clinical trials of growth factors and anabolic steroids in cachexia and wasting
    • Gullett NP, Hebbar G, Ziegler TR. Update on clinical trials of growth factors and anabolic steroids in cachexia and wasting. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91:1143S-7S.
    • (2010) Am J Clin Nutr. , vol.91
    • Gullett, N.P.1    Hebbar, G.2    Ziegler, T.R.3
  • 243
    • 15544385058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin: Structure and function
    • Kojima M, Kangawa K. Ghrelin: structure and function. Physiol Rev. 2005;85:495-522.
    • (2005) Physiol Rev. , vol.85 , pp. 495-522
    • Kojima, M.1    Kangawa, K.2
  • 244
    • 3242749843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ghrelin inhibits leptin-and activationinduced proinflammatory cytokine expression by human monocytes and T cells
    • Dixit VD, Schaffer EM, Pyle RS, Collins GD, Sakthivel SK, Palaniappan R, et al. Ghrelin inhibits leptin-and activationinduced proinflammatory cytokine expression by human monocytes and T cells. J Clin Invest. 2004;114:57-66.
    • (2004) J Clin Invest. , vol.114 , pp. 57-66
    • Dixit, V.D.1    Schaffer, E.M.2    Pyle, R.S.3    Collins, G.D.4    Sakthivel, S.K.5    Palaniappan, R.6
  • 246
    • 16244391419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of glucocorticoids in the induction of zinc-α2-glycoprotein expression in adipose tissue in cancer cachexia
    • Russell ST, Tisdale MJ. The role of glucocorticoids in the induction of zinc-α2-glycoprotein expression in adipose tissue in cancer cachexia. Br J Cancer. 2005;92:876-81.
    • (2005) Br J Cancer. , vol.92 , pp. 876-881
    • Russell, S.T.1    Tisdale, M.J.2
  • 247
    • 0028347823 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological interference with tissue hypercatabolism in tumour-bearing rats
    • Tessitore L, Costelli P, Baccino FM. Pharmacological interference with tissue hypercatabolism in tumour-bearing rats. Biochem J. 1994;299:71-8.
    • (1994) Biochem J. , vol.299 , pp. 71-78
    • Tessitore, L.1    Costelli, P.2    Baccino, F.M.3
  • 250
    • 84862865537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethical guidelines for authorship and publishing in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
    • von Haehling S, Morley JE, Coats AJS, Anker SD. Ethical guidelines for authorship and publishing in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2010;1:7-8.
    • (2010) J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. , vol.1 , pp. 7-8
    • von Haehling, S.1    Morley, J.E.2    Coats, A.J.S.3    Anker, S.D.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.