Effects of tea and coffee on cardiovascular disease risk

Food and Function

Volumn 3, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 575-591

  Bønn, Siv K ^a   Ward, Natalie C ^a   Hodgson, Jonathan M ^a   Croft, Kevin D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PLANT EXTRACT;

ANIMAL; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHEMISTRY; COFFEE; GENETICS; HUMAN; METABOLISM; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; TEA;

ANIMALS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COFFEE; HUMANS; PLANT EXTRACTS; RISK FACTORS; TEA;

EID: 84864245544     PISSN: 20426496     EISSN: 2042650X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1039/c2fo10288a     Document Type: Review

References (187)

1. US Department of Agriculture, USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods Release 2.1, 2007.
2. M. H. Carlsen, B. L. Halvorsen, K. Holte, S. K. Bonn. S. Dragland, L. Sampson, C. Willey. H. Senoo, Y. Umezono, C. Sanada, I. E. Barikmo, N. Berhe, W. C. Willett, K. M. Phillips, D. R. Jacobs, Jr and R. Blomhoff, The total antioxidant content of more than 3100 foods, beverages, spices, herbs and supplements used worldwide, Nutr. J., 2010, 9, 3.
3. A. Svilaas, A. K. Sakhi, L. F. Andersen, T. Svilaas, E. C. Strom, D. R. Jacobs, Jr, L. Ose and R. Blomhoff, Intakes of antioxidants in coffee, wine, and vegetables are correlated with plasma carotenoids in humans. J. Nutr., 2004, 134, 562.
4. C. Astill, M. R. Birch, C. Dacombe, P. G. Humphrey and P. T. Martin, Factors affecting the caffeine and polyphenol contents of black and green tea infusions, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 5340.
5. T. O. Cheng, All teas are not created equal: the Chinese green tea and cardiovascular health. Int. J. Cardiol, 2006. 108, 301.
6. M. A. Bokuchava and N. I. Skobeleva, The biochemistry and technology of tea manufacture. CRC Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 1980, 12, 303.
7. A. Robertson, Tea - Cultivation to Consumption, eds. K C. Wilsson and M. N. Clifford, Chapman & Hall, London, 1992, p. 555.
8. J. M. Hodgson, J. M. Proudfoot, K. D. Croft, I. B. Puddey, T. A. Mori and L. J. Beilin, Comparison of the effects of black and green tea on in vitro lipoprotein oxidation in human serum, J. Sci. Food Agric., 1999, 79, 561.
9. J. V. Higdon and B. Frei, Coffee and health: a review of recent human research, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 2006. 46, 101.
10. A. Crozier, I. B. Jaganath and M. N. Clifford, Dietary phenolics: chemistry, bioavailability and effects on health, Nat. Prod. Rep., 2009, 26, 1001.
11. A. Stalmach. W. Mullen, D. Barron. K. Uchida. T. Yokota, C. Cavin, H. Steiling, G. Williamson and A. Crozier, Metabolite profiling of hydroxycinnamate derivatives in plasma and urine after the ingestion of coffee by humans: identification of biomarkers of coffee consumption. Drug Metab. Dispos., 2009. 37, 1749.
12. I. Paur, T. R. Balstad and R. Blomhoff, Degree of roasting is the main determinant of the effects of coffee on NF-kappaB and EpRE, Free Radical Biol. Med., 2010, 48, 1218.
13. C. Kotyczka. U. Boettler, R. Lang, H. Stiebitz, G. Bytof, I. Lantz, T. Hofmann, D. Marko and V. Somoza, Dark roast coffee is more effective than light roast coffee in reducing body weight, and in restoring red blood cell vitamin E and glutathione concentrations in healthy volunteers. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 2011, 55. 1582.
14. T. Ranheim and B. Halvorsen, Coffee consumption and human health-beneficial or detrimental? Mechanisms for effects of coffee consumption on different risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 2005, 49, 274.
15. P. A. Kroon, M. N. Clifford, A. Crozier, A. J. Day, J. L. Donovan, C. Manach and G. Williamson, How should we assess the effects of exposure to dietary polyphenols in vitro?, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2004, 80, 15.
16. J. K. Nicholson, E. Holmes and I. D. Wilson, Gut microorganisms, mammalian metabolism and personalized health care, Nat. Rev. Microbiol, 2005, 3, 431.
17. S. Salminen and E. Isolauri, Intestinal colonization, microbiota, and probiotics, J. Pedialr., 2006, 149, S115.
18. V. Mai, Dietary modification of the intestinal microbiota, Nutr. Rev., 2004, 62, 235.
19. H. Lu, X. Meng and C. S. Yang, Enzymology of methylation of tea catechins and inhibition of catechol-O-methyltransferase by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, Drug Metab, Dispos., 2003, 31, 572.
20. J. D. Lambert, S. Sang and C. S. Yang, Biotransformation of green tea polyphenols and the biological activities of those metabolites. Mol. Pharmaceutics, 2007, 4, 819.
21. J. M. Hodgson. S. Y. Chan, I. B. Puddey, A. Devine, N. Wattanapenpaiboon, M. L. Wahlqvist, W. Lukito, V. Burke, N. C. Ward, R. L. Prince and K. D. Croft, Phenolic acid metabolites as biomarkers for tea- and coffee-derived polyphenol exposure in human subjects, Br. J. Nutr., 2004, 91, 301.
22. F. A. Van Dorsten, C. A. Daykin, T. P. Mulder and J. P. Van Duynhoven, Metabonomics approach to determine metabolic differences between green tea and black tea consumption, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 6929.
23. A. Lelo, J. O. Miners, R. A. Robson and D. J. Birkett, Quantitative assessment of caffeine partial clearances in man, Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol, 1986, 22, 183.
24. A. Stalmach, H. Steiling, G. Williamson and A. Crozier, Bioavailability of chlorogenic acids following acute ingestion of coffee by humans with an ileostomy, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 2010, 501, 98.
25. K. Kempf, C. Herder, I. Erlund, H. Kolb, S. Martin, M. Carstensen, W. Koenig, J. Sundvall, S. Bidel, S. Kuha and J. Tuomilehto, Effects of coffee consumption on subclinical inflammation and other risk factors for type 2 diabetes: a clinical trial, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2010, 91, 950.
26. R. Stocker and J. F. Keaney, Jr, Role of oxidative modifications in atherosclerosis, Physiol. Rev., 2004, 84, 1381.
27. M. S. Mahonen, P. McElduff, A. J. Dobson, K. A. Kuulasmaa and A. E. Evans, Current smoking and the risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction in the WHO MONICA Project populations. Tob. Control. 2004, 13, 244.
28. J. M. Hodgson and K. D. Croft, Tea flavonoids and cardiovascular health, Mol Aspects Med, 2010, 31, 495.
29. A. Deka and J. A. Vita, Tea and cardiovascular disease, Pharmacol. Res., 2011, 64, 136.
30. Y. Mineharu, A. Koizumi, Y. Wada, H. Iso, Y. Watanabe, C. Date, A. Yamamoto, S. Kikuchi. Y. Inaba, H. Toyoshima, T. Kondo and A. Tamakoshi, Coffee, green tea, black tea and oolong tea consumption and risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease in Japanese men and women, J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 2011, 65, 230.
31. S. Kuriyama, T. Shimazu, K. Ohmori. N. Kikuchi, N. Nakaya, Y. Nishino, Y. Tsubono and I. Tsuji, Green tea consumption and mortality due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all causes in Japan: the Ohsaki study, JAMA. J. Am. Med. Assoc, 2006. 296, 1255.
32. W. Liang, A. H. Lee, C. W. Binns, R. Huang, D. Hu and Q. Zhou, Tea consumption and ischemic stroke risk: a case-control study in southern China, Stroke, 2009, 40. 2480.
33. Z. M. Wang, B. Zhou, Y. S. Wang, Q. Y. Gong, Q. M. Wang, J. J. Yan, W. Gao and L. S. Wang, Black and green tea consumption and the risk of coronary artery disease: a metaanalysis, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2011, 93, 506.
34. U. Peters. C. Poole and L. Arab, Does tea affect cardiovascular disease? A meta-analysis, Am. J. Epidemiol, 2001, 154, 495.
35. D. Taubert, R. Roesen and E. Schomig, Effect of cocoa and tea intake on blood pressure: a meta-analysis, Arch. Intern. Med., 2007, 167, 626.
36. R. T. Ras, P. L. Zock and R. Draijer, Tea consumption enhances endothelial-dependent vasodilation; a meta-analysis, PLoS One, 2011, 6, e16974.
37. X. X. Zheng, Y. L. Xu, S. H. Li, X. X. Liu, R. Hui and X. H. Huang, Green tea intake lowers fasting serum total and LDL cholesterol in adults: a meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2011, 94, 601.
38. L. Arab, W. Liu and D. Elashoff, Green and black tea consumption and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis, Stroke, 2009, 40, 1786.
39. J. J. de Vreede-Swagemakers. A. P. Gorgels, M. P. Weijenberg, W. I. Dubois-Arbouw, B. Golombeck, J. W. van Ree, A. Knottnerus and H. J. Wellens, Risk indicators for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in patients with coronary artery disease, J. Clin. Epidemiol., 1999, 52, 601.
40. K. J. Mukamal, M. Maclure, J. E. Muller, J. B. Sherwood and M. A. Mittleman, Caffeinated coffee consumption and mortality after acute myocardial infarction, Am. Heart J., 2004, 147, 999.
41. E. Lopez-Garcia, F. Rodriguez-Artalejo, T. Y. Li, K. J. Mukamal, F. B. Hu and R. M. van Dam, Coffee consumption and mortality in women with cardiovascular disease, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2011, 94, 218.
42. M. G. Silletta. R. Marfisi, G. Levantesi, A. Boccanelli, C. Chieffo, M. Franzosi, E. Geraci, A. P. Maggioni, G. Nicolosi, C. Schweiger, L. Tavazzi, G. Tognoni and R. Marchioli, Coffee consumption and risk of cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction: results from the GISSI (Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico)-Prevenzione trial, Circulation, 2007, 116, 2944.
43. E. Lopez-Garcia, R. M. van Dam, W. C. Willett, E. B. Rimm, J. E. Manson, M. J. Stampfer, K. M. Rexrode and F. B. Hu, Coffee consumption and coronary heart disease in men and women: a prospective cohort study, Circulation, 2006, 113, 2045.
44. E. Lopez-Garcia, F. Rodriguez-Artalejo, K. M. Rexrode, G Logroscino, F. B. Hu and R. M. van Dam, Coffee consumption and risk of stroke in women. Circulation, 2009, 119, 1116.
45. E. Lopez-Garcia, R. M. van Dam, T. Y. Li, F. Rodriguez-Artalejo and F. B. Hu, The relationship of coffee consumption with mortality, Ann. Intern. Med, 2008, 148, 904.
46. D. S. Thelle and E. Strandhagen, Coffee and disease: an overview with main emphasis on blood lipids and homocysteine, Scandinavian Journal of Food & Nutrition, 2005, 49, 50.
47. J. P. Reis, C. M. Loria, L. M. Steffen, X. Zhou, H. L. Van, D. S. Siscovick, D. R. Jacobs, Jr and J. J. Carr, Coffee, decaffeinated coffee, caffeine, and tea consumption in young adulthood and atherosclerosis later in life: the CARDIA study, Arterioscler., Thromb., Vasc. Biol., 2010, 30, 2059.
48. J. N. Wu, S. C. Ho, C. Zhou. W. H. Ling, W. Q. Chen, C. L. Wang and Y. M. Chen, Coffee consumption and risk of coronary heart diseases: a meta-analysis of 21 prospective cohort studies. Int. J. Cardiol., 2009, 137, 216.
49. M. G. Myers and A. Basinski, Coffee and coronary heart disease, Arch. Intern. Med., 1992, 152, 1767.
50. I. Kawachi, G. A. Colditz and C.B. Stone, Does coffee drinking increase the risk of coronary heart disease? Results from a metaanalysis. Heart, 1994, 72. 269.
51. S. Greenland, A meta-analysis of coffee, myocardial infarction, and coronary death, Epidemiology, 1993, 4, 366.
52. F. Sofi, A. A. Conti, A. M. Gori. M. L. Eliana Luisi, A. Casini, R. Abbate and G. F. Gensini, Coffee consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis, Nutr., Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis., 2007, 17, 209.
53. S. H. Jee, J. He, L. J. Appel, P. K. Whelton, I. Suh and M. J. Klag, Coffee consumption and serum lipids: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Am. J. Epidemiol., 2001, 153, 353.
54. S. H. Jee, J. He, P. K. Whelton, I. Suh and M. J. Klag, The effect of chronic coffee drinking on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Hypertension, 1999, 33. 647.
55. M. Noordzij, C. S. Uiterwaal, L. R. Arends. F. J. Kok, D. E. Grobbee and J. M. Geleijnse, Blood pressure response to chronic intake of coffee and caffeine: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, J Hypertens. 2005. 23, 921.
56. R. Huxley, F. Barzi and M. Woodward, Excess risk of fatal coronary heart disease associated with diabetes in men and women: meta-analysis of 37 prospective cohort studies, Br. Med. J., 2006. 332. 73.
57. M. Woodward, X. Zhang, F. Barzi, W. Pan, H. Ueshima, A. Rodgers and S. MacMahon, The effects of diabetes on the risks of major cardiovascular diseases and death in the Asia-Pacific region, Diabetes Care, 2003, 26, 360.
58. Y. Jing, G Han, Y. Hu, Y. Bi, L. Li and D. Zhu, Tea consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of cohort studies, J. Gen. Intern. Med., 2009, 24, 557.
59. R. M. van Dam and F. B. Hu, Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review, JAMA, J. Am. Med. Assoc, 2005, 294, 97.
60. R. Huxley, C. M. Lee, F. Barzi, L. Timmermeister, S. Czernichow, V. Perkovic, D. E. Grobbee, D. Batty and M. Woodward, Coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and tea consumption in relation to incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Arch. Intern. Med, 2009, 169, 2053.
61. J. M. Hodgson, V. Burke and I. B. Puddey, Acute effects of tea on fasting and postprandial vascular function and blood pressure in humans, J. Hypertens., 2005, 23, 47.
62. J. M. Hodgson, A. Devine, I. B. Puddey, S. Y. Chan, L. J. Beilin and R. L. Prinee, Tea intake is inversely related to blood pressure in older women, Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 2003, 12 Suppl, S18.
63. J. D. Lane, C. F. Pieper, B. G. Phillips-Bute, J. E. Bryant and C. M. Kuhn, Caffeine affects cardiovascular and neuroendocrine activation at work and home, Psychosom. Med., 2002, 64, 595.
64. J. M. Hodgson, I. B. Puddey, R. j. Woodman, T. Mulder, D. Fuchs, K. Scott and K. D. Croft, Effects of black tea on blood pressure: a randomized controlled trial, Acta Intern. Med., 2012. 172, 186.
65. N. P. Riksen, G. A. Rongen and P. Smits, Acute and long-term cardiovascular effects of coffee: implications for coronary heart disease, Pharmacol. Ther., 2009, 121, 185.
66. M. L. Nurminen, L. Niittynen, R. Korpela and H. Vapaatalo. Coffee, caffeine and blood pressure: a critical review, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 1999, 53, 831.
67. A. E. Mesas, L. M. Leon-Munoz, F. Rodriguez-Artalejo and E. Lopez-Garcia, The effect of coffee on blood pressure and cardiovascular disease in hypertensive individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2011, 94, 1113.
68. D. S. Celermajer, Endothelial dysfunction: does it matter? Is it reversible?, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 1997, 30, 325.
69. J. M. Hodgson, Effects of tea and tea flavonoids on endothelial function and blood pressure: a brief review, Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 2006, 33, 838.
70. S. J. Duffy, J. F. Keaney, Jr M. Holbrook, N. Gokce, P. L. Swerdloff, B. Frei and J. A. Vita, Short- and long-term black tea consumption reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease, Circulation, 2001, 104, 151.
71. I. A. Persson, K. Persson, S. Hagg and R. G. Andersson, Effects of green tea, black tea and Rooibos tea on angiotensin-converting enzyme and nitric oxide in healthy volunteers, Public Health Nutr., 2010, 13, 730.
72. I. A. Persson, M. Josefsson, K. Persson and R. G. Andersson, Tea flavanols inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and increase nitric oxide production in human endothelial cells, J. Pharm. Pharmacol, 2006, 58, 1139.
73. J. A. Rufian-Henares and F. J. Morales, Angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory activity of coffee melanoidins, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 1480.
74. II. Nishimura, Angiotensin receptors-evolutionary overview and perspectives, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A: Mol. Integr. Physiol, 2001, 128, 11.
75. C. M. Papamichael, K. A. Aznaouridis, E. N. Karatzis, K. N. Kuratzi, K. S. Stamatelopoulos, G. Vamvakou. J. P. Lekakis and M. E. Mavrikakis, Effect of coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects: the role of caffeine, Clin. Sci., 2005, 109, 55.
76. S. Buscemi, S. Verga, J. A. Batsis, M. Donatelli. M. R. Tranchina, S. Belmonte. A. Mattina, A. Re and G. Cerasola, Acute effects of coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 2010, 64, 483.
77. S. Buscemi, S. Verga, J. A. Batsis. M. R. Tranchina, S. Belmonte. A. Mattina, A. Re, R. Rizzo and G. Cerasola, Dose-dependent effects of decaffeinated coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 2009, 63, 1200.
78. M. Shechter, G. Shalmon, M. Scheinowitz, N. Koren-Morag, M. S. Feinberg, D. Harats, B. A. Sela, Y. Sharabi and P. Chouraqui. Impact of acute caffeine ingestion on endothelial function in subjects with and without coronary artery disease. Am. J. Cardiol., 2011, 107, 1255.
79. B. C. Martin, J. H. Warram, A. S. Krolewski, R. N. Bergman, J. S. Soeldner and C. R. Kahn. Role of glucose and insulin resistance in development of type 2 diabetes mellitus: results of a 25-year follow-up study, Lancet, 1992, 340, 925.
80. G. A. Colditz, W. C. Willett, M. J. Stampfer, J. E. Manson, C. H. Hennekens, R. A. Arky and F. E. Speizer, Weight as a risk factor for clinical diabetes in women. Am. J. Epidemiol, 1990. 132, 501.
81. P. Cohen, The twentieth century struggle to decipher insulin signalling, Nat. Rev. Mol Cell Biol, 2006, 7, 867.
82. M. Ueda, S. Nishiumi, H. Nagayasu, L Fukuda, K. Yoshida and H. Ashida, Epigallocatechin gallate promotes GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2008, 377, 286.
83. K. Hosoda, M. F. Wang, M. L. Liao, C. K. Chuang, M. Iha, B. Clevidence and S. Yamamoto. Antihyperglycemic effect of oolong tea in type 2 diabetes, Diabetes Care, 2003, 26, 1714.
84. J. A. Bryans, P. A. Judd and P. R. Ellis, The effect of consuming instant black tea on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in healthy humans. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 2007, 26, 471.
85. Y. Fukino, M. Shimbo, N. Aoki, T. Okubo and H. Iso, Randomized controlled trial for an effect of green tea consumption on insulin resistance and inflammation markers, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol, 2005, 51, 335.
86. S. Bidel, G. Hu, Q. Qiao, P. Jousilahti, R. Antikainen and J. Tuomilehto, Coffee consumption and risk of total and cardiovascular mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes, Diabetologia, 2006, 49, 2618.
87. Y. F. Chu, Y. Chen, R. M. Black, P. H. Brown, B. J. Lyle, R. H. Liu and B. Ou, Type 2 diabetes-related bioactivities of coffee: Assessment of antioxidant activity, NF-kB inhibition, and stimulation of glucose uptake. Food Chem., 2011. 124, 914.
88. T. Murase, K. Misawa. Y. Minegishi, M. Aoki, H. Ominami, Y. Suzuki, Y. Shibuya and T. Hase, Coffee polyphenols suppress diet-induced body fat accumulation by downregulating SREBP-1c and related molecules in C57BL/6J mice. Am. J. Physiol: Endocrinol Metab., 2011, 300, E122.
89. T. Murase. Y. Yokoi, K. Misawa, H. Ominami, Y. Suzuki, Y. Shibuya and T. Hase, Coffee polyphenols modulate whole-body substrate oxidation and suppress postprandial hyperglycaemia, hvperinsulinaemia and hyperlipidaemia, Br. J. Nutr., 2011, 1.
90. A. E. van Dijk, M. R. Olthof, J. C. Meeuse, E. Seebus, R. J. Heine and R. M. van Dam. Acute effects of decaffeinated coffee and the major coffee components chlorogenic acid and trigonelline on glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care, 2009, 32, 1023.
91. J. M. Tunnicliffe and J. Shearer, Coffee, glucose homeostasis, and insulin resistance: physiological mechanisms and mediators, Appl Physiol. Nutr., Metab., 2008, 33, 1290.
92. M. Navab, S. T. Reddy. B. J. Van Lenten and A. M. Fogelman, HDL and cardiovascular disease: atherogenic and atheroprotective mechanisms, Nat. Rev. Cardiol., 2011, 8. 222.
93. I. Levitan, S. Volkov and P. V. Subbaiah. Oxidized LDL: diversity, patterns of recognition, and pathophysiology, Antioxid. Redox Signaling, 2010, 13, 39.
94. J. M. Hodgson. Tea flavonoids and cardiovascular disease: a review, Proc. Nutr. Soc. Austr., 2000, 24, 241.
95. J. M. Hodgson. Tea flavonoids and cardiovascular disease. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 2008. 17(Suppl. 1), 288.
96. C. Manach, A. Mazur and A. Scalbert. Polyphenols and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 2005. 16, 77.
97. X. X. Zheng, Y. L. Xu. S. H. Li, X. X. Liu, R. Hui and X. H. Huang. Green tea intake lowers fasting serum total and LDL cholesterol in adults: a meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2011, 94, 601.
98. W. M. Loke. J. M. Proudfoot, J. M. Hodgson. A. J. McKinley, N. Hime. M. Magat. R. Stocker and K. D. Croft, Specific dietary polyphenols attenuate atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice by alleviating inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol, 2010, 30. 749.
99. R. P. Mensink, W. J. Lebbink, I. E. Lobbezoo, Weusten-Van der Wouw MP, P. L. Zock and M. B. Katan, Diterpene composition of oils from Arabica and Robusta coffee beans and their effects on serum lipids in man, J. Intern. Med., 1995, 237, 543.
100. H. Uto-Kondo, M. Ayaori, M. Ogura, K. Nakaya, M. Ito, A. Suzuki. S. Takiguchi, E. Yakushiji, Y. Terao, H. Ozasa, T. Hisada, M. Sasaki, F. Ohsuzu and K. Ikewaki, Coffee consumption enhances high-density lipoprotein-mediated cholesterol efflux in macrophages, Circ. Res., 2010, 106, 779.
101. S. Bhaskar and A. A. Rauf, Modulatoryeffect of coffee on platelet function, Indian J. Physiol Pharmacol, 2010, 54, 141.
102. L. B. Tijburg, S. A. Wiseman, G. W. Meijer and J. A. Weststrate, Effects of green tea, black tea and dietary lipophilic antioxidants on LDL oxidizability and atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits, Atherosclerosis, 1997, 135, 37.
103. G. Bjelakovic, D. Nikolova, L. L. Gluud, R. G. Simonetti and C. Gluud, Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention: systematic review and meta-analysis, JAMA, J. Am. Med. Assoc, 2007, 297, 842.
104. D. Shanmuganayagam. M. R. Beahm, H. E. Osman, C. G. Krueger, J. D. Reed and J. D. Folts, Grape seed and grape skin extracts elicit a greater antiplatelet effect when used in combination than when used individually in dogs and humans, J. Nutr., 2002, 132, 3592.
105. A. R. Rechner and C. Kroner, Anthocyanins and colonic metabolites of dietary polyphenols inhibit platelet function, Thromb. Res., 2005, 116, 327.
106. J. E. Freedman, C. Parker III, L. Li, J. A. Perlman, B. Frei, V. Ivanov, L. R. Deak, M. D. Iafrati and J. D. Folts, Select flavonoids and whole juice from purple grapes inhibit platelet function and enhance nitric oxide release, Circulation, 2001, 103, 2792.
107. I. Paur, T. R. Balstad, M. Kolberg, M. K. Pedersen, L. M. Austenaa, D. R. Jacobs Jr and R. Blomhoff, Extract of oregano, coffee, thyme, clove, and walnuts inhibits NF-kappaB in monocytes and in transgenic reporter mice, Cancer Prev. Res., 2010, 3, 653.
108. T. W. Kensler, N. Wakabayashi and S. Biswal, Cell survival responses to environmental stresses via the Keapl-Nrf2-ARE pathway, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol, 2007, 47, 89.
109. Y. J. Surh and H. K. Na. NF-kappaB and Nrf2 as prime molecular targets for chemoprevention and cytoprotection with antiinflammatory and antioxidant phytochemicals, Genes Nutr., 2008. 2, 313.
110. M. G. Traber and J. F. Stevens. Vitamins C and E: beneficial effects from a mechanistic perspective. Free Radical Biol. Med., 2011, 51, 1000.
111. W. Liu. J. D. Morrow and H. Yin, Quantification of F2-isoprostanes as a reliable index of oxidative stress in vivo using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Free Radical Biol. Med., 2009, 47, 1101.
112. A. R. Collins, M. Dusinska, C. M. Gedik and R. Stetina, Oxidative damage to DNA: do we have a reliable biomarker?, Environ. Health Perspeet., 1996, 104(Suppl. 3), 465.
113. P. Møller and S. Loft, Dietary antioxidants and beneficial effect on oxidatively damaged DNA, Free Radical Biol. Med, 2006, 41, 388.
114. M. S. Cooke, R. Olinski and S. Loft, Measurement and meaning of oxidatively modified DNA lesions in urine. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 2008. 17, 3.
115. A. R. Collins, Investigating oxidative DNA damage and its repair using the comet assay, Mutat. Res. Rev. Mutat. Res., 2009, 681, 24.
116. T. Hayek, B. Fuhrman, J. Vaya, M. Rosenblat, P. Belinky, R. Coleman, A. Elis and M. Aviram, Reduced progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice following consumption of red wine, or its polyphenols quercetin or catechin, is associated with reduced susceptibility of LDL to oxidation and aggregation, Arterioscler., Thromb., Vasc. Biol. 1997, 17, 2744.
117. T. T. Yang and M. W. Koo, Inhibitory effect of Chinese green tea on endothelial cell-induced LDL oxidation, Atherosclerosis, 2000, 148, 67.
118. Y. Miura, T. Chiba, S. Miura, I. Tomita, K. Umegaki, M. Ikeda and T. Tomita, Green tea polyphenols (flavan 3-ols) prevent oxidative modification of low density lipoproteins: an ex vivo study in humans. J. Nutr. Biochem., 2000, 11, 216.
119. A. Cherubini, M. F. Beal and B. Frei, Black tea increases the resistance of human plasma to lipid peroxidation in vitro, but not ex vivo, FreeRadical Biol. Med, 1999, 27, 381.
120. G. T. McAnlis. J. McEneny, J. Pearce and I. S. Young. Black tea consumption does not protect low density lipoprotein from oxidative modification, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 1998, 52, 202.
121. K. H. van het Hof, H. S. de Boer. S. A. Wiseman, N. Lien, J. A. Westrate and L. B. Tijburg. Consumption of green or black tea does not increase resistance of low-density lipoprotein to oxidation in humans, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 1997, 66, 1125.
122. J. M. Hodgson. K. D. Croft, T. A. Mori, V. Burke, L. J. Beilin and I. B. Puddey. Regular ingestion of tea does not inhibit in vivo lipid peroxidation in humans, J. Nutr., 2002, 132, 55.
123. J. Meng, B. Ren. Y. Xu, L. M. Kamendulis, N. Dum and J. E. Klaunig. Reduction of oxidative DNA damage (comet assay) in white blood cells bv black tea consumption in smokers and non-smokers, Toxicol. Sci., 2001. 60, 411.
124. K. C. Han, W. C. Wong and I. F. Benzie. Genoprotective effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) in human subjects: results of a controlled supplementation trial, Br. J. Nutr., 2011, 105. 171.
125. G. S. Yukawa, M. Mune, H. Otani, Y. Tone. X. M. Liang, H. Iwahashi and W. Sakamoto, Effects of coffee consumption on oxidative susceptibility of low-density lipoproteins and serum lipid levels in humans, Biochemistry. 2004. 69. 70.
126. J. Mursu, S. Voutilainen. T. Nurmi. G. Alfthan, J. K. Virtanen, T. H. Rissanen, P. Happonen, K. Nyyssonen, J. Kaikkonen. R. Salonen and J. T. Salonen. The effects of coffee consumption on lipid peroxidation and plasma total homocysteine concentrations: a clinical trial. Free Radical Biol. Med., 2005, 38. 527.
127. N. Nakanishi, K. Nakamura, K. Nakajima, K. Suzuki and K. Tatara, Coffee consumption and decreased serum gamma-glutamyl transferase: a study of middle-aged Japanese men, European Journal of Epidemiology, 2000, 16, 419.
128. S. Honjo, S. Kono, M. P. Coleman. K. Shinchi, Y. Sakurai, I. Todoroki, T. Umeda, K. Wakabayashi. K. Imanishi. H. Nishikawa, S. Ogawa. M. Katsurada, K. Nakagawa and N. Yoshizawa. Coffee consumption and serum aminotransferases in middle-aged Japanese men, J. Clin. Epidemiol., 2001. 54, 823.
129. K. Poikolainen and E. Vartiainen, Determinants of gamma- glutamyltransferase: positive interaction with alcohol and body mass index, negative association with coffee, Am. J. Epidemiol, 1997, 146, 1019.
130. T. Bakuradze. N. Boehm, C. Janzowski, R. Lang, T. Hofmann, J. P. Stockis, F. W. Albert, H. Stiebitz, G. Bytof, I. Lantz. M. Baum and G. Eisenbrand. Antioxidant-rich coffee reduces DNA damage, elevates glutathione status and contributes to weight control: results from an intervention study, Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 2011, 55, 793.
131. P. Libby, Inflammation in atherosclerosis, Nature, 2002, 420, 868.
132. D. G. Yanbaeva, M. A. Dentener, E. C. Creutzberg, G. Wesseling and E. F. Wouters, Systemic effects of smoking, Chest, 2007, 131, 1557.
133. S. M. Saadeddin, M. A. Habbab and G. A. Ferns, Markers of inflammation and coronary artery disease. Med. Sci. Monit., 2002, 8, RA5.
134. A. R. Folsom, N. Aleksic, D. Catellier, H. S. Juneja and K. K. Wu, C-reactive protein and incident coronary heart disease in the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study. Am. Heart J., 2002, 144, 233.
135. R. Scalia, J. Z. Appel III and A. M. Lefer, Leukocyte-endothelium interaction during the early stages of hypercholesterolemia in the rabbit: role of P-selectin. ICAM-I, and VCAM-1, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol, 1998, 18, 1093.
136. N. H. Ravindranath and M. H. Ravindranath, Green tea catechins suppress NF-kappaB-mediated inflammatory responses: relevance to nutritional management of inflammation, Br. J. Nutr., 2011, 1.
137. S. A. Rebello, C. H. Chen, N. Naidoo, W. Xu, J. Lee, K. S. Chia, E. S. Tai and R. M. van Dam, Coffee and tea consumption in relation to inflammation and basal glucose metabolism in a multiethnic Asian population: a cross-sectional study. Nutr. J., 2011, 10, 61.
138. H. G. Kim. J. Y. Kim. Y. P. Hwang. K. J. Lee. K. Y. Lee, D. H. Kim. D. H. Kim and H. G. Jeong, The coffee diterpene kahweol inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced expression of cell adhesion molecules in human endothelial cells, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2006, 217, 332.
139. A. Ludwig, M. Lorenz, N. Grimbo, F. Steinte, S. Meiners, C. Bartsch, K. Stangl, G. Baumann and V. Stangl, The tea flavonoid epigalIocatechin-3-gallate reduces cytokine-induced VCAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2004, 316, 659.
140. P. J. Barnes, Theophylline: new perspectives for an old drug, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, 2003, 167, 813.
141. M. J. Davies, Anatomic features in victims of sudden coronary death. Coronary artery pathology. Circulation, 1992, 85, 119.
142. S. Offermanns, Activation of platelet function through G protein-coupled receptors, Circ. Res., 2006, 99, 1293.
143. A. T. Nurden, Platelets, inflammation and tissue regeneration, Thromh. Haemostasis, 2011, 105(Suppl. 1), S13.
144. W. Lee, W. K. Min, S. Chun, Y. W. Lee, H. Park, D. H. Lee. Y. K. Lee and J. E. Son, Long-term effects of green tea ingestion on atherosclerotic biological markers in smokers, Clin. Biochem., 2005, 38, 84.
145. J. M. Hodgson, I. B. Puddey, T. A. Mori, V. Burke, R. I. Baker and L. J. Beilin, Effects of regular ingestion of black tea on haemostasis and cell adhesion molecules in humans, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 2001, 55, 881.
146. M. Ali, M. Afzal, C. J. Gubler and J. F. Burka, A potent thromboxane formation inhibitor in green tea leaves. Prostaglandins, Leukotriene Essent. Fatty Acids, 1990. 40. 281.
147. W. S. Kang, K. H. Chung, J. H. Chung, J. Y. Lee, J. B. Park, Y. H. Zhang, H. S. Yoo and Y. P. Yun, Antiplatelet activity of green tea catechins is mediated by inhibition of cytoplasmic calcium increase, J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2001, 38, 875.
148. F. Natella, M. Nardini, F. Beleih, P. Pignatelli, S. S. Di, A. Ghiselli. F. Violi and C. Scaccini, Effect of coffee drinking on platelets: inhibition of aggregation and phenols incorporation, Br. J. Nutr., 2008, 100, 1276.
149. M. Muller and S. Kersten, Nutrigenomics: goals and strategies, Nat. Rev. Genet., 2003, 4, 315.
150. I. Rahman, S. K. Biswas and P. A. Kirkham, Regulation of inflammation and redox signaling by dietary polyphenols, Biochem. Pharmacol., 2006, 72, 1439.
151. W. Jeong and M. Jun, ACS Symp. Ser., 12-3-2007, 956, 118.
152. H. K. Na and Y. J. Surh, Transcriptional regulation via cysteine thiol modification: a novel molecular strategy for chemoprevention and cytoprotection, Mol. Carctnog, 2006, 45, 368.
153. A. Rietveld and S. Wiseman, Antioxidant effects of tea: evidence from human clinical trials, J. Nutr., 2003, 133, 3285S.
154. L. G. Higgins, C. Cavin, K. Itoh, M. Yamamoto and J. D. Hayes, Induction of cancer chemopreventive enzymes by coffee is mediated by transcription factor Nrf2. Evidence that the coffee-specific diterpenes cafestol and kahweol confer protection against acrolein, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2008, 226, 328.
155. M. Z. Fang, Y. Wang, N. Ai, Z. Hou, Y. Sun, H. Lu, W. Welsh and C. S. Yang, Tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits DNA methyltransferase and reactivates methylation-silenced genes in cancer cell lines, Cancer Res., 2003, 63, 7563.
156. D. Corella and J. M. Ordovas, Nutrigenomics in cardiovascular medicine, Circ: Cardiovasc. Genet., 2009, 2, 637.
157. C. R. Creveling, The role of catechol-O-methyltransferase in the inactivation of catecholestrogen. Cell. Mol. Neurohiol, 2003, 23, 289.
158. H. M. Lachman, D. F. Papolos, T. Saito, Y. M. Yu, C. L. Szumlanski and R. M. Weinshilboum, Human catechol-O-methyltransferase pharmacogenetics: description of a functional polymorphism and its potential application to neuropsychiatrie disorders, Pharmacogenetics, 1996, 6, 243.
159. K. Annerbrink, L. Westberg. S. Nilsson, R. Rosmond, G. Holm and E. Eriksson, Catechol O-methyltransferase va1158-met polymorphism is associated with abdominal obesity and blood pressure in men, Metah., Clin. Exp., 2008, 57, 708.
160. A. L. Eriksson, S. Skrtic, A. Niklason, L. M. Hulten, O. Wiklund, T. Hedner and C. Ohlsson, Association between the low activity genotype of catechol-O-methyltransferase and myocardial infarction in a hypertensive population, Eur. Heart J., 2004. 25. 386.
161. R. J. Miller, K. G. Jackson, T. Dadd, A. E. Mayes, A. L. Brown and A. M. Minihane, The impact of the catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype on the acute responsiveness of vascular reactivity to a green tea extract, Br. J. Nutr., 2011, 105, 1138.
162. R. J. Miller. K. G. Jackson, T. Dadd, B. Nicol, J. L. Dick, A. E. Mayes, A. L. Brown and A. M. Minihane, A preliminary investigation of the impact of catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype on the absorption and metabolism of green tea catechins, Eur. J. Nutr., 2011.
163. J. D. Lambert, J. E. Rice, J. Hong, Z. Hou and C. S. Yang, Synthesis and biological activity of the tea catechin metabolites, M4 and M6 and their methoxy-derivatives, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2005, 15, 873.
164. H. Lu, X. Meng, C. Li, S. Sang, C. Patten, S. Sheng, J. Hong, N. Bai, B. Winnik, C. T. Ho and C. S. Yang, Glucuronides of tea catechins: enzymology of biosynthesis and biological activities. Drug Metab. Dispos. 2003, 31, 452.
165. T. Koga and M. Meydani, Effect of plasma metabolites of (+)-catechin and quercetin on monocyte adhesion to human aortic endothelial cells, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2001, 73, 941.
166. P. Happonen, S. Voutilainen. T. P. Tuomainen and J. T. Salonen, Catechol-o-methyltransferase gene polymorphism modifies the effect of coffee intake on incidence of acute coronary events, PLoS One, 2006, 1, e117.
167. A. El-Sohemy, M. C. Cornells, E. K. Kabagambe and H. Campos, Coffee. CYP1A2 genotype and risk of myocardial infarction, Genes Nutr., 2007, 2, 155.
168. P. Palatini, G. Ceolotto, F. Ragazzo, F. Dorigatti, F. Saladini, I. Papparella, L. Mos, G. Zanata and M. Santonastaso, CYP1A2 genotype modifies the association between coffee intake and the risk of hypertension, J. Hypertens., 2009, 27. 1594.
169. A. Kokaze, M. Ishikawa, N. Matsunaga, K. Karita, M. Yoshida, T. Ohtsu, T. Shirasawa, H. Sekii, T. Ito, T. Kawamoto and Y. Takashima, NADH dehydrogenase subunit-2 237 Leu/Met polymorphism modulates the effects of coffee consumption on the risk of hypertension in middle-aged Japanese men, J. Epidemiol., 2009. 19, 231.
170. R. M. Weggemans, P. L. Zock, J. M. Ordovas, J. Pedro-Botet and M. B. Katan, Apoprotein E genotype and the response of serum cholesterol to dietary fat. cholesterol and cafestol, Atherosclerosis, 2001, 154, 547.
171. E. Strandhagen, H. Zetterberg, N. Aires, M. Palmer, L. Rymo, K. Blennow. S. Landaas and D. S. Thelle, The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism is a major determinant of coffee-induced increase of plasma homocysteine: a randomized placebo controlled study. Int. J. Mol. Med., 2004, 13, 811.
172. J. E. Muller, Circadian variation and triggering of acute coronary events. Am. Heart J., 1999. 137. S1.
173. A. Baylin, S. Hernandez-Diaz, E. K. Kabagambe, X. Siles and H. Campos, Transient exposure to coffee as a trigger of a first nonfatal myocardial infarction, Epidemiology, 2006, 17, 506.
174. E. J. Calabrese, K. A. Bachmann, A. J. Bailer, P. M. Bolger, J. Borak, L. Cai, N. Cedergreen, M. G. Cherian, C. C. Chiueh. T. W. Clarkson, R. R. Cook. D. M. Diamond, D. J. Doolittle, M. A. Dorato, S. O. Duke, L. Feinendegen, D. E. Gardner, R. W. Hart, K. L. Hastings. A. W. Hayes, G. R. Hoffmann, J. A. Ives, Z. Jaworowski. T. E. Johnson, W. B. Jonas, N. E. Kaminski, J. G. Keller. J. E. Klaunig, T. B. Knudsen. W. J. Kozumbo, T. Lettieri, S. Z. Liu, A. Maisseu, K. I. Maynard, E. J. Masoro, R. O. McClellan. H. M. Mehendale, C. Mothersill, D. B. Newlin, H. N. Nigg, F. W. Oehme, R. F. Phalen, M. A. Philbert, S. I. Rattan, J. E. Riviere, J. Rodricks, R. M. Sapolsky, B. R. Scott, C. Seymour, D. A. Sinclair, J. Smith-Sonneborn, E. T. Snow, L. Spear, D. E. Stevenson, Y. Thomas. M. Tubiana, G. M. Williams and M. P. Mattson, Biological stress response terminology: Integrating the concepts of adaptive response and preconditioning stress within a hormetic dose-response framework, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol, 2007, 222, 122.
175. D. Robertson, J. C. Frolich, R. K. Carr, J. T. Watson, J. W. Hollifield, D. G. Shand and J. A. Oates, Effects of caffeine on plasma renin activity, catecholamines and blood pressure, N Engl. J. Med., 1978, 298, 181.
176. J. D. Lane and D. C. Manus, Persistent cardiovascular effects with repeated caffeine administration, Psychosom. Med., 1989, 51, 373.
177. W. R. Lovallo, G. A. Pincomb, B. H. Sung, R. B. Passey, K. P. Sausen and M. F. Wilson, Caffeine may potentiate adrenocortical stress responses in hypertension-prone men, Hypertension, 1989, 14, 170.
178. D. B. Panagiotakos, C. Pitsavos. C. Chrysohoou, P. Kokkinos, P. Toutouzas and C. Stefanadis, The J-shaped effect of coffee consumption on the risk of developing acute coronary syndromes: the CARDIO2000 case-control study, J. Nutr., 2003, 133, 3228.
179. M. P. Mattson and E. J. Calabrese, Hormesis: A Revolution in Biology, Toxicology and Medicine, 2010, p. 1.
180. J. A. Baur, K. J. Pearson, N. L. Price, H. A. Jamieson, C. Lerin, A. Kalra, V. V. Prabhu, J. S. Allard, G. Lopez-Lluch, K. Lewis, P. J. Pistell, S. Poosala, K. G. Becker. O. Boss, D. Gwinn, M. Wang, S. Ramaswamy, K. W. Fishbein, R. G. Spencer, E. G. Lakatta, C. D. Le, R. J. Shaw, P. Navas, P. Puigserver, D. K. Ingram, C. R. de and D. A. Sinclair, Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie diet, Nature, 2006, 444, 337.
181. S. K. Bohn, M. C. Myhrstad, M. Thoresen, M. Holden, A. Karlsen, S. H. Tunheim, I. Erlund, M. Svendsen, I. Seljeflot, J. O. Moskaug, A. K. Duttaroy, P. Laake, H. Arnesen, S. Tonstad, A. Collins, C. A. Drevon and R. Blomhoff, Blood cell gene expression associated with cellular stress defense is modulated by antioxidant-rich food in a randomised controlled clinical trial of male smokers, BMC Med., 2010, 8, 54.
182. M. Muzolf-Panek, A. Gliszczynska-Swiglo, H. L. de, J. M. Aarts, H. Szymusiak, J. M. Vervoort, B. Tyrakowska and I. M. Rietjens, Role of catechin quinones in the induction of EpRE-mediated gene expression, Chem. Res. Toxicol, 2008, 21, 2352.
183. T. R. Balstad, H. Carlsen, M. C. Myhrstad, M. Kolberg, H. Reiersen, L. Gilen, K. Ebihara, I. Paur and R. Blomhoff, Coffee, broccoli and spices are strong inducers of electrophile response element-dependent transcription in vitro and in vivo - studies in electrophile response element transgenic mice, Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 2011, 55, 185.
184. G. Fave, M. E. Beckmann, J. H. Draper and J. C. Mathers, Measurement of dietary exposure: a challenging problem which may be overcome thanks to metabolomics?, Genes Nutr., 2009, 4, 135.
185. J. M. Ordovas and D. Corella. Nutritional genomics, Annu. Rev. Genomics Hum. Genet., 2004, 5, 71.
186. M. Fenech, A. El-Sohemy, L. Cahill, L. R. Ferguson, T. A. French, E. S. Tai, J. Milner, W. P. Koh, L. Xie, M. Zucker, M. Buckley, L. Cosgrove, T. Lockett, K. Y. Fung and R. Head, Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics: viewpoints on the current status and applications in nutrition research and practice, J. Nutrigenet. Nutrigenomics, 2011, 4, 69.
187. L. Hooper, P. A. Kroon, E. B. Rimm, J. S. Cohn, I. Harvey, K. A. Le Cornu, J. J. Ryder, W. L. Hall and A. Cassidy, Flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2008, 88, 38.