Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1: A novel drug target in cancer development

Pharmacological Reviews

Volumn 64, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 147-165

  Butcher, Neville J ^a   Minchin, Rodney F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACYLTRANSFERASE; ACYLTRANSFERASE INHIBITOR; ARYLAMINE N ACETYLTRANSFERASE 1; FOLIC ACID; SHORT HAIRPIN RNA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

3' UNTRANSLATED REGION; ARTICLE; CANCER CELL CULTURE; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER RISK; CARCINOGENESIS; CATALYSIS; DOWN REGULATION; DRUG TARGETING; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME MODIFICATION; ENZYME STRUCTURE; EPIGENETICS; FOLATE METABOLISM; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE OVEREXPRESSION; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC REGULATION; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; IN VIVO STUDY; NONHUMAN; OXIDATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN MICROARRAY; PROTEIN PROCESSING; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM;

ANIMALS; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; ARYLAMINE N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; DOWN-REGULATION; DRUG DISCOVERY; EPIGENESIS, GENETIC; FOLIC ACID; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, ENZYMOLOGIC; HUMANS; ISOENZYMES; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; NEOPLASMS; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; SMALL MOLECULE LIBRARIES; SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY;

EID: 83455199225     PISSN: 00316997     EISSN: 15210081     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004275     Document Type: Article

References (246)

1. Abba MC, Hu Y, Sun H, Drake JA, Gaddis S, Baggerly K, Sahin A, and Aldaz CM (2005) Gene expression signature of estrogen receptor alpha status in breast cancer. BMC Genomics 6:37.
2. Abdel-Rahman SZ, El-Zein RA, Zwischenberger JB, and Au WW (1998) Association of the NAT1*10 genotype with increased chromosome aberrations and higher lung cancer risk in cigarette smokers. Mutat Res 398:43-54.
3. Adam PJ, Berry J, Loader JA, Tyson KL, Craggs G, Smith P, De Belin J, Steers G, Pezzella F, Sachsenmeir KF, et al. (2003) Arylamine N-acetyltransferase-1 is highly expressed in breast cancers and conveys enhanced growth and resistance to etoposide in vitro. Mol Cancer Res 1:826-835.
4. Agudo A, Sala N, Pera G, Capellá G, Berenguer A, García N, Palli D, Boeing H, Del Giudice G, Saieva C, et al. (2006) No association between polymorphisms in CYP2E1, GSTM1, NAT1, NAT2 and the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15:1043-1045.
5. Alimonti A, Carracedo A, Clohessy JG, Trotman LC, Nardella C, Egia A, Salmena L, Sampieri K, Haveman WJ, Brogi E, et al. (2010) Subtle variations in Pten dose determine cancer susceptibility. Nat Genet 42:454-458.
6. Andres HH, Klem AJ, Schopfer LM, Harrison JK, and Weber WW (1988) On the active site of liver acetyl-CoA. Arylamine N-acetyltransferase from rapid acetylator rabbits (III/J). J Biol Chem 263:7521-7527.
7. Anguera MC, Suh JR, Ghandour H, Nasrallah IM, Selhub J, and Stover PJ (2003) Methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase regulates folate turnover and accumulation. J Biol Chem 278:29856-29862.
8. Arbieva ZH, Banerjee K, Kim SY, Edassery SL, Maniatis VS, Horrigan SK, and Westbrook CA (2000) High-resolution physical map and transcript identification of a prostate cancer deletion interval on 8p22. Genome Res 10:244-257.
9. Ashton LJ, Murray JE, Haber M, Marshall GM, Ashley DM, and Norris MD (2007) Polymorphisms in genes encoding drug metabolizing enzymes and their influence on the outcome of children with neuroblastoma. Pharmacogenet Genomics 17:709-717.
10. Atmane N, Dairou J, Paul A, Dupret JM, and Rodrigues-Lima F (2003) Redox regulation of the human xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme arylamine Nacetyltransferase 1 (NAT1). Reversible inactivation by hydrogen peroxide. J Biol Chem 278:35086-35092.
11. Badawi AF, Hirvonen A, Bell DA, Lang NP, and Kadlubar FF (1995) Role of aromatic amine acetyltransferases, NAT1 and NAT2, in carcinogen-DNA adduct formation in the human urinary bladder. Cancer Res 55:5230-5237.
12. Bandrés E, Malumbres R, Cubedo E, Honorato B, Zarate R, Labarga A, Gabisu U, Sola JJ, and García-Foncillas J (2007) A gene signature of 8 genes could identify the risk of recurrence and progression in Dukes' B colon cancer patients. Oncol Rep 17:1089-1094.
13. Bediaga NG, Acha-Sagredo A, Guerra I, Viguri A, Albaina C, Ruiz Diaz I, Rezola R, Alberdi MJ, Dopazo J, Montaner D, et al. (2010) DNA methylation epigenotypes in breast cancer molecular subtypes. Breast Cancer Res 12:R77.
14. Bell DA, Badawi AF, Lang NP, Ilett KF, Kadlubar FF, and Hirvonen A (1995a) Polymorphism in the N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) polyadenylation signal: association of NAT1*10 allele with higher N-acetylation activity in bladder and colon tissue. Cancer Res 55:5226-5229.
15. Bell DA, Stephens EA, Castranio T, Umbach DM, Watson M, Deakin M, Elder J, Hendrickse C, Duncan H, and Strange RC (1995b) Polyadenylation polymorphism in the acetyltransferase 1 gene (NAT1) increases risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 55:3537-3542.
16. Bertucci F, Borie N, Ginestier C, Groulet A, Charafe-Jauffret E, Adélaïde J, Geneix J, Bachelart L, Finetti P, Koki A, et al. (2004) Identification and validation of an ERBB2 gene expression signature in breast cancers. Oncogene 23:2564-2575.
17. Boersma BJ, Reimers M, Yi M, Ludwig JA, Luke BT, Stephens RM, Yfantis HG, Lee DH, Weinstein JN, and Ambs S (2008) A stromal gene signature associated with inflammatory breast cancer. Int J Cancer 122:1324-1332.
18. Boissy RJ, Watson MA, Umbach DM, Deakin M, Elder J, Strange RC, and Bell DA (2000) A pilot study investigating the role of NAT1 and NAT2 polymorphisms in gastric adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 87:507-511.
19. Bonifas J, Scheitza S, Clemens J, and Blomeke B (2010) Characterization of Nacetyltransferase 1 activity in human keratinocytes and modulation by paraphenylenediamine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 334:318-326.
20. Bouchardy C, Mitrunen K, Wikman H, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K, Dayer P, Benhamou S, and Hirvonen A (1998) N-acetyltransferase NAT1 and NAT2 genotypes and lung cancer risk. Pharmacogenetics 8:291-298.
21. Boukouvala S and Sim E (2005) Structural analysis of the genes for human arylamine N-acetyltransferases and characterisation of alternative transcripts. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology 96:343-351.
22. Bowen NJ, Walker LD, Matyunina LV, Logani S, Totten KA, Benigno BB, and McDonald JF (2009) Gene expression profiling supports the hypothesis that human ovarian surface epithelia are multipotent and capable of serving as ovarian cancer initiating cells. BMC Med Genomics 2:71.
23. Bredel M, Bredel C, Juric D, Harsh GR, Vogel H, Recht LD, and Sikic BI (2005) Functional network analysis reveals extended gliomagenesis pathway maps and three novel MYC-interacting genes in human gliomas. Cancer Res 65:8679-8689.
24. Bridges CC and Zalups RK (2005) Molecular and ionic mimicry and the transport of toxic metals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 204:274-308.
25. Bruhn C, Brockmoller J, Cascorbi I, Roots I, and Borchert HH (1999) Correlation between genotype and phenotype of the human arylamine N-acetyltransferase type 1 (NAT1). Biochem Pharmacol 58:1759-1764.
26. Buranrat B, Prawan A, Sripa B, and Kukongviriyapan V (2007) Inflammatory cytokines suppress arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 in cholangiocarcinoma cells. World J Gastroenterol 13:6219-6225.
27. Butcher NJ, Arulpragasam A, and Minchin RF (2004) Proteasomal degradation of N-acetyltransferase 1 is prevented by acetylation of the active site cysteine: a mechanism for the slow acetylator phenotype and substrate-dependent downregulation. J Biol Chem 279:22131-22137.
28. Butcher NJ, Arulpragasam A, Pope C, and Minchin RF (2003) Identification of a minimal promoter sequence for the human N-acetyltransferase Type I gene that binds AP-1 (activator protein 1) and YY-1 (Yin and Yang 1). The Biochemical journal 376:441-448.
29. Butcher NJ, Boukouvala S, Sim E, and Minchin RF (2002) Pharmacogenetics of the arylamine N-acetyltransferases. Pharmacogenomics J 2:30-42.
30. Butcher NJ, Ilett KF, and Minchin RF (1998) Functional polymorphism of the human arylamine N-acetyltransferase type 1 gene caused by C190T and G560A mutations. Pharmacogenetics 8:67-72.
31. Butcher NJ, Ilett KF, and Minchin RF (2000a) Inactivation of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 by the hydroxylamine of p-aminobenzoic acid. Biochem Pharmacol 60:1829-1836.
32. Butcher NJ, Ilett KF, and Minchin RF (2000b) Substrate-dependent regulation of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase-1 in cultured cells. Mol Pharmacol 57:468-473.
33. Butcher NJ, Tetlow NL, Cheung C, Broadhurst GM, and Minchin RF (2007) Induction of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase type I by androgens in human prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 67:85-92.
34. Butler LM, Millikan RC, Sinha R, Keku TO, Winkel S, Harlan B, Eaton A, Gammon MD, and Sandler RS (2008) Modification by N-acetyltransferase 1 genotype on the association between dietary heterocyclic amines and colon cancer in a multiethnic study. Mutat Res 638:162-174.
35. Caron C, Boyault C, and Khochbin S (2005) Regulatory cross-talk between lysine acetylation and ubiquitination: role in the control of protein stability. Bioessays 27:408-415.
36. Cascorbi I, Roots I, and Brockmoller J (2001) Association of NAT1 and NAT2 polymorphisms to urinary bladder cancer: significantly reduced risk in subjects with NAT1*10. Cancer Res 61:5051-5056.
37. Casey T, Bond J, Tighe S, Hunter T, Lintault L, Patel O, Eneman J, Crocker A, White J, Tessitore J, et al. (2009) Molecular signatures suggest a major role for stromal cells in development of invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 114:47-62.
38. Cedervall T, Lynch I, Lindman S, Berggård T, Thulin E, Nilsson H, Dawson KA, and Linse S (2007) Understanding the nanoparticle-protein corona using methods to quantify exchange rates and affinities of proteins for nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:2050-2055.
39. Chandran UR, Ma C, Dhir R, Bisceglia M, Lyons-Weiler M, Liang W, Michalopoulos G, Becich M, and Monzon FA (2007) Gene expression profiles of prostate cancer reveal involvement of multiple molecular pathways in the metastatic process. BMC Cancer 7:64.
40. Chen J, Stampfer MJ, Hough HL, Garcia-Closas M, Willett WC, Hennekens CH, Kelsey KT, and Hunter DJ (1998) A prospective study of N-acetyltransferase genotype, red meat intake, and risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 58:3307-3311.
41. Chen K, Jiang QT, and He HQ (2005) Relationship between metabolic enzyme polymorphism and colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 11:331-335.
42. Cheon HG, Boteju LW, and Hanna PE (1992) Affinity alkylation of hamster hepatic arylamine N-acetyltransferases: isolation of a modified cysteine residue. Mol Pharmacol 42:82-93.
43. Chin K, DeVries S, Fridlyand J, Spellman PT, Roydasgupta R, Kuo WL, Lapuk A, Neve RM, Qian Z, Ryder T, et al. (2006) Genomic and transcriptional aberrations linked to breast cancer pathophysiologies. Cancer Cell 10:529-541.
44. Chiu TH, Chen JC, Chen LD, Lee JH, and Chung JG (2004) Gypenosides inhibited N-acetylation of 2-aminofluorene, N-acetyltransferase gene expression and DNA adduct formation in human cervix epithelioid carcinoma cells (HeLa). Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 115-116:157-174.
45. Chung JG, Li YC, Lee YM, Lin JP, Cheng KC, and Chang WC (2003) Aloe-emodin inhibited N-acetylation and DNA adduct of 2-aminofluorene and arylamine Nacetyltransferase gene expression in mouse leukemia L 1210 cells. Leuk Res 27:831-840.
46. Cornish VA, Pinter K, Boukouvala S, Johnson N, Labrousse C, Payton M, Priddle H, Smith AJ, and Sim E (2003) Generation and analysis of mice with a targeted disruption of the arylamine N-acetyltransferase type 2 gene. Pharmacogenomics J 3:169-177.
47. Cribb AE and Spielberg SP (1990) Hepatic microsomal metabolism of sulfamethoxazole to the hydroxylamine. Drug Metab Dispos 18:784-787.
48. Cutcliffe C, Kersey D, Huang CC, Zeng Y, Walterhouse D, Perlman EJ, and Renal Tumor Committee of the Children's Oncology Group (2005) Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney: up-regulation of neural markers with activation of the sonic hedgehog and Akt pathways. Clin Cancer Res 11:7986-7994.
49. Dairou J, Atmane N, Dupret JM, and Rodrigues-Lima F (2003) Reversible inhibition of the human xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 by S-nitrosothiols. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 307:1059-1065.
50. Dairou J, Atmane N, Rodrigues-Lima F, and Dupret JM (2004) Peroxynitrite irreversibly inactivates the human xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme arylamine Nacetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) in human breast cancer cells: a cellular and mechanistic study. J Biol Chem 279:7708-7714.
51. Dairou J, Malecaze F, Dupret JM, and Rodrigues-Lima F (2005) The xenobioticmetabolizing enzymes arylamine N-acetyltransferases in human lens epithelial cells: inactivation by cellular oxidants and UVB-induced oxidative stress. Mol Pharmacol 67:1299-1306.
52. Dairou J, Petit E, Ragunathan N, Baeza-Squiban A, Marano F, Dupret JM, and Rodrigues-Lima F (2009) Arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity in bronchial epithelial cells and its inhibition by cellular oxidants. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 236: 366-371.
53. Deguchi T (1992) Sequences and expression of alleles of polymorphic arylamine N-acetyltransferase of human liver. J Biol Chem 267:18140-18147.
54. Deloménie C, Goodfellow GH, Krishnamoorthy R, Grant DM, and Dupret JM (1997) Study of the role of the highly conserved residues Arg9 and Arg64 in the catalytic function of human N-acetyltransferases NAT1 and NAT2 by site-directed mutagenesis. Biochem J 323:207-215.
55. Demokan S, Suoglu Y, Gozeler M, Demir D, and Dalay N (2010) N-acetyltransferase 1 and 2 gene sequence variants and risk of head and neck cancer. Mol Biol Rep 37:3217-3226.
56. Deng ZJ, Liang M, Monteiro M, Toth I, and Minchin RF (2011) Nanoparticle-induced unfolding of fibrinogen promotes Mac-1 receptor activation and inflammation. Nat Nanotechnol 6:39-44.
57. Dupret JM, Dairou J, Atmane N, and Rodrigues-Lima F (2005) Inactivation of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 by hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite. Methods Enzymol 400:215-229.
58. Dupret JM, Goodfellow GH, Janezic SA, and Grant DM (1994) Structure-function studies of human arylamine N-acetyltransferases NAT1 and NAT2. Functional analysis of recombinant NAT1/NAT2 chimeras expressed in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 269:26830-26835.
59. Dupret JM and Grant DM (1992) Site-directed mutagenesis of recombinant human arylamine N-acetyltransferase expressed in Escherichia coli. Evidence for direct involvement of Cys68 in the catalytic mechanism of polymorphic human NAT2. J Biol Chem 267:7381-7385.
60. Durig J, Bug S, Klein-Hitpass L, Boes T, Jons T, Martin-Subero JI, Harder L, Baudis M, Duhrsen U, and Siebert R (2007) Combined single nucleotide polymorphism-based genomic mapping and global gene expression profiling identifies novel chromosomal imbalances, mechanisms and candidate genes important in the pathogenesis of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia with inv(14)(q11q32). Leukemia 21:2153-2163.
61. Fadare O and Tavassoli FA (2008) Clinical and pathologic aspects of basal-like breast cancers. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 5:149-159.
62. Farmer P, Bonnefoi H, Becette V, Tubiana-Hulin M, Fumoleau P, Larsimont D, Macgrogan G, Bergh J, Cameron D, Goldstein D, et al. (2005) Identification of molecular apocrine breast tumours by microarray analysis. Oncogene 24:4660-4671.
63. Freije WA, Castro-Vargas FE, Fang Z, Horvath S, Cloughesy T, Liau LM, Mischel PS, and Nelson SF (2004) Gene expression profiling of gliomas strongly predicts survival. Cancer Res 64:6503-6510.
64. Fronhoffs S, Bruning T, Ortiz-Pallardo E, Brode P, Koch B, Harth V, Sachinidis A, Bolt HM, Herberhold C, Vetter H, et al. (2001) Real-time PCR analysis of the N-acetyltransferase NAT1 allele *3, *4, *10, *11, *14 and *17 polymorphism in squamous cell cancer of head and neck. Carcinogenesis 22:1405-1412.
65. Fukutome K, Watanabe M, Shiraishi T, Murata M, Uemura H, Kubota Y, Kawamura J, Ito H, and Yatani R (1999) N-acetyltransferase 1 genetic polymorphism influences the risk of prostate cancer development. Cancer Lett 136:83-87.
66. Gardiner SJ and Begg EJ (2006) Pharmacogenetics, drug-metabolizing enzymes, and clinical practice. Pharmacol Rev 58:521-590.
67. Glubb DM and Innocenti F (2011) Mechanisms of genetic regulation in gene expression: examples from drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med 3:299-313.
68. Gomez A and Ingelman-Sundberg M (2009) Epigenetic and microRNA-dependent control of cytochrome P450 expression: a gap between DNA and protein. Pharmacogenomics 10:1067-1076.
69. Goodfellow GH, Dupret JM, and Grant DM (2000) Identification of amino acids imparting acceptor substrate selectivity to human arylamine acetyltransferases NAT1 and NAT2. Biochem J 348:159-166.
70. Gordon GJ, Rockwell GN, Jensen RV, Rheinwald JG, Glickman JN, Aronson JP, Pottorf BJ, Nitz MD, Richards WG, Sugarbaker DJ, et al. (2005) Identification of novel candidate oncogenes and tumor suppressors in malignant pleural mesothelioma using large-scale transcriptional profiling. Am J Pathol 166:1827-1840.
71. Graham K, de las Morenas A, Tripathi A, King C, Kavanah M, Mendez J, Stone M, Slama J, Miller M, Antoine G, et al. (2010) Gene expression in histologically normal epithelium from breast cancer patients and from cancer-free prophylactic mastectomy patients shares a similar profile. Br J Cancer 102:1284-1293.
72. Gu J, Liang D, Wang Y, Lu C, and Wu X (2005) Effects of N-acetyl transferase 1 and 2 polymorphisms on bladder cancer risk in Caucasians. Mutat Res 581:97-104.
73. Gumz ML, Zou H, Kreinest PA, Childs AC, Belmonte LS, LeGrand SN, Wu KJ, Luxon BA, Sinha M, Parker AS, et al. (2007) Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 loss contributes to tumor phenotype of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 13:4740-4749.
74. Guo Z, Wagner CR, and Hanna PE (2004) Mass spectrometric investigation of the mechanism of inactivation of hamster arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 by N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene. Chem Res Toxicol 17:275-286.
75. Ha T, Morgan SL, Vaughn WH, Eto I, and Baggott JE (1990) Detection of inhibition of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide transformylase by thioinosinic acid and azathioprine by a new colorimetric assay. The Biochemical journal 272:339-342.
76. Halliwell B (2007) Oxidative stress and cancer: have we moved forward? The Biochemical journal 401:1-11.
77. Hanna PE (1994) N-acetyltransferases, O-acetyltransferases, and N,O-acetyltransferases: enzymology and bioactivation. Adv Pharmacol 27:401-430.
78. Hanna PE, Banks RB, and Marhevka VC (1982) Suicide inactivation of hamster hepatic arylhydroxamic acid N,O-acyltransferase. A selective probe of Nacetyltransferase multiplicity. Mol Pharmacol 21:159-165.
79. Hanna PE, el-Ghandour AM, and McCormack ME (1990) Analogues of N-hydroxy 4-acetylaminobiphenyl as substrates and inactivators of hamster hepatic acetyl transferases. Xenobiotica 20:739-751.
80. Hein DW (1988) Acetylator genotype and arylamine-induced carcinogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 948:37-66.
81. Hein DW (2000) N-Acetyltransferase genetics and their role in predisposition to aromatic and heterocyclic amine-induced carcinogenesis. Toxicol Lett 112-113: 349-356.
82. Hein DW (2006) N-acetyltransferase 2 genetic polymorphism: effects of carcinogen and haplotype on urinary bladder cancer risk. Oncogene 25:1649-1658.
83. Hein DW, Leff MA, Ishibe N, Sinha R, Frazier HA, Doll MA, Xiao GH, Weinrich MC, and Caporaso NE (2002) Association of prostate cancer with rapid Nacetyltransferase 1 (NAT1*10) in combination with slow N-acetyltransferase 2 acetylator genotypes in a pilot case-control study. Environ Mol Mutagen 40:161-167.
84. Henning S, Cascorbi I, Munchow B, Jahnke V, and Roots I (1999) Association of arylamine N-acetyltransferases NAT1 and NAT2 genotypes to laryngeal cancer risk. Pharmacogenetics 9:103-111.
85. Hickman D, Pope J, Patil SD, Fakis G, Smelt V, Stanley LA, Payton M, Unadkat JD, and Sim E (1998) Expression of arylamine N-acetyltransferase in human intestine. Gut 42:402-409.
86. Hirota T, Takane H, Higuchi S, and Ieiri I (2008) Epigenetic regulation of genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters; DNA methylation and other mechanisms. Curr Drug Metab 9:34-38.
87. Hong Y, Ho KS, Eu KW, and Cheah PY (2007) A susceptibility gene set for early onset colorectal cancer that integrates diverse signaling pathways: implication for tumorigenesis. Clin Cancer Res 13:1107-1114.
88. Hughes NC, Janezic SA, McQueen KL, Jewett MA, Castranio T, Bell DA, and Grant DM (1998) Identification and characterization of variant alleles of human acetyltransferase NAT1 with defective function using p-aminosalicylate as an in-vivo and in-vitro probe. Pharmacogenetics 8:55-66.
89. Husain A, Zhang X, Doll MA, States JC, Barker DF, and Hein DW (2007) Functional analysis of the human N-acetyltransferase 1 major promoter: quantitation of tissue expression and identification of critical sequence elements. Drug Metab Dispos 35:1649-1656.
90. Iguchi T, Sugita S, Wang CY, Newman NB, Nakatani T, and Haas GP (2009) MnSOD genotype and prostate cancer risk as a function of NAT genotype and smoking status. In Vivo 23:7-12.
91. Ishibe N, Sinha R, Hein DW, Kulldorff M, Strickland P, Fretland AJ, Chow WH, Kadlubar FF, Lang NP, and Rothman N (2002) Genetic polymorphisms in heterocyclic amine metabolism and risk of colorectal adenomas. Pharmacogenetics 12: 145-150.
92. Jacoby SC, Gagnon E, Caron L, Chang J, and Isenring P (1999) Inhibition of Na K-2Cl cotransport by mercury. Am J Physiol 277:C684-C692.
93. Jaskuła-Sztul R, Sokołowski W, Gajecka M, and Szyfter K (2001) Association of arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT1 and NAT2) genotypes with urinary bladder cancer risk. J Appl Genet 42:223-231.
94. Jensen LE, Hoess K, Mitchell LE, and Whitehead AS (2006) Loss of function polymorphisms in NAT1 protect against spina bifida. Hum Genet 120:52-57.
95. Jensen LE, Hoess K, Whitehead AS, and Mitchell LE (2005) The NAT1 C1095A polymorphism, maternal multivitamin use and smoking, and the risk of spina bifida. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 73:512-516.
96. Jiao L, Doll MA, Hein DW, Bondy ML, Hassan MM, Hixson JE, Abbruzzese JL, and Li D (2007) Haplotype of N-acetyltransferase 1 and 2 and risk of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16:2379-2386.
97. Jourenkova-Mironova N, Wikman H, Bouchardy C, Mitrunen K, Dayer P, Benhamou S, and Hirvonen A (1999) Role of arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 and 2 (NAT1 and NAT2) genotypes in susceptibility to oral/pharyngeal and laryngeal cancers. Pharmacogenetics 9:533-537.
98. Kamalakaran S, Varadan V, Giercksky Russnes HE, Levy D, Kendall J, Janevski A, Riggs M, Banerjee N, Synnestvedt M, Schlichting E, et al. (2011) DNA methylation patterns in luminal breast cancers differ from non-luminal subtypes and can identify relapse risk independent of other clinical variables. Mol Oncol 5:77-92.
99. Katoh T, Boissy R, Nagata N, Kitagawa K, Kuroda Y, Itoh H, Kawamoto T, and Bell DA (2000) Inherited polymorphism in the N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) and 2 (NAT2) genes and susceptibility to gastric and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 85:46-49.
100. Katoh T, Inatomi H, Yang M, Kawamoto T, Matsumoto T, and Bell DA (1999) Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) and 2 (NAT2) genes and risk of urothelial transitional cell carcinoma among Japanese. Pharmacogenetics 9:401-404.
101. Katoh T, Kaneko S, Boissy R, Watson M, Ikemura K, and Bell DA (1998) A pilot study testing the association between N-acetyltransferases 1 and 2 and risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma in Japanese people. Carcinogenesis 19:1803-1807.
102. Kennecke H, Yerushalmi R, Woods R, Cheang MC, Voduc D, Speers CH, Nielsen TO, and Gelmon K (2010) Metastatic behavior of breast cancer subtypes. J Clin Oncol 28:3271-3277.
103. Kidd LR, Hein DW, Woodson K, Taylor PR, Albanes D, Virtamo J, and Tangrea JA (2011) Lack of association of the N-acetyltransferase NAT1*10 allele with prostate cancer incidence, grade, or stage among smokers in Finland. Biochem Genet 49:73-82.
104. Kilfoy BA, Zheng T, Lan Q, Han X, Holford T, Hein DW, Qin Q, Leaderer B, Morton LM, Yeager M, et al. (2010) Genetic variation in N-acetyltransferases 1 and 2, cigarette smoking, and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Causes Control 21:127-133.
105. Kim SJ, Kang HS, Chang HL, Jung YC, Sim HB, Lee KS, Ro J, and Lee ES (2008) Promoter hypomethylation of the N-acetyltransferase 1 gene in breast cancer. Oncol Rep 19:663-668.
106. Kim SJ, Kang HS, Jung SY, Min SY, Lee S, Kim SW, Kwon Y, Lee KS, Shin KH, and Ro J (2010) Methylation patterns of genes coding for drug-metabolizing enzymes in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer tissues. J Mol Med 88:1123-1131.
107. King RS, Teitel CH, and Kadlubar FF (2000) In vitro bioactivation of N-hydroxy-2-amino-alpha-carboline. Carcinogenesis 21:1347-1354.
108. Kiss I, Németh A, Bogner B, Pajkos G, Orsós Z, Sándor J, Csejtey A, Faluhelyi Z, Rodler I, and Ember I (2004) Polymorphisms of glutathione-S-transferase and arylamine N-acetyltransferase enzymes and susceptibility to colorectal cancer. Anticancer Res 24:3965-3970.
109. Knuutila S, Aalto Y, Autio K, Bjorkqvist AM, El-Rifai W, Hemmer S, Huhta T, Kettunen E, Kiuru-Kuhlefelt S, Larramendy ML, et al. (1999) DNA copy number losses in human neoplasms. Am J Pathol 155:683-694.
110. Krajinovic M, Ghadirian P, Richer C, Sinnett H, Gandini S, Perret C, Lacroix A, Labuda D, and Sinnett D (2001) Genetic susceptibility to breast cancer in French Canadians: role of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes and gene-environment interactions. Int J Cancer 92:220-225.
111. Kukongviriyapan V, Prawan A, Warasiha B, Tassaneyakul W, and Aiemsa-ard J (2003) Polymorphism of N-acetyltransferase 1 and correlation between genotype and phenotype in a Thai population. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 59:277-281.
112. Kuner R, Muley T, Meister M, Ruschhaupt M, Buness A, Xu EC, Schnabel P, Warth A, Poustka A, Sultmann H, et al. (2009) Global gene expression analysis reveals specific patterns of cell junctions in non-small cell lung cancer subtypes. Lung Cancer 63:32-38.
113. Lamb JG, Hathaway LB, Munger MA, Raucy JL, and Franklin MR (2010) Nanosilver particle effects on drug metabolism in vitro. Drug Metab Dispos 38:2246-2251.
114. Lammer EJ, Shaw GM, Iovannisci DM, and Finnell RH (2004) Periconceptional multivitamin intake during early pregnancy, genetic variation of acetyl-Ntransferase 1 (NAT1), and risk for orofacial clefts. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 70:846-852.
115. Lan Q, Rothman N, Chow WH, Lissowska J, Doll MA, Xiao GH, Zatonski W, and Hein DW (2003) No apparent association between NAT1 and NAT2 genotypes and risk of stomach cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 12:384-386.
116. Lapointe J, Li C, Higgins JP, van de Rijn M, Bair E, Montgomery K, Ferrari M, Egevad L, Rayford W, Bergerheim U, et al. (2004) Gene expression profiling identifies clinically relevant subtypes of prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:811-816.
117. Le Marchand L, Hankin JH, Wilkens LR, Pierce LM, Franke A, Kolonel LN, Seifried A, Custer LJ, Chang W, Lum-Jones A, et al. (2001) Combined effects of well-done red meat, smoking, and rapid N-acetyltransferase 2 and CYP1A2 phenotypes in increasing colorectal cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 10:1259-1266.
118. Lee BH, Yegnasubramanian S, Lin X, and Nelson WG (2005) Procainamide is a specific inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase 1. J Biol Chem 280:40749-40756.
119. Lee JH, Lu HF, Wang DY, Chen DR, Su CC, Chen YS, Yang JH, and Chung JG (2004) Effects of tamoxifen on DNA adduct formation and arylamines Nacetyltransferase activity in human breast cancer cells. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 115-116:217-233.
120. Lee KM, Park SK, Kim SU, Doll MA, Yoo KY, Ahn SH, Noh DY, Hirvonen A, Hein DW, and Kang D (2003) N-acetyltransferase (NAT1, NAT2) and glutathione Stransferase (GSTM1, GSTT1) polymorphisms in breast cancer. Cancer Lett 196: 179-86.
121. Li D, Jiao L, Li Y, Doll MA, Hein DW, Bondy ML, Evans DB, Wolff RA, Lenzi R, Pisters PW, et al. (2006) Polymorphisms of cytochrome P4501A2 and Nacetyltransferase genes, smoking, and risk of pancreatic cancer. Carcinogenesis 27:103-111.
122. Lilla C, Verla-Tebit E, Risch A, Jager B, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H, and Chang Claude J (2006) Effect of NAT1 and NAT2 genetic polymorphisms on colorectal cancer risk associated with exposure to tobacco smoke and meat consumption. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15:99-107.
123. Lin CC, Kao ST, Chen GW, and Chung JG (2005a) Berberine decreased N-acetylation of 2-aminofluorene through inhibition of N-acetyltransferase gene expression in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Anticancer Res 25:4149-4155.
124. Lin HJ, Probst-Hensch NM, Hughes NC, Sakamoto GT, Louie AD, Kau IH, Lin BK, Lee DB, Lin J, Frankl HD, et al. (1998) Variants of N-acetyltransferase NAT1 and a case-control study of colorectal adenomas. Pharmacogenetics 8:269-281.
125. Lin SS, Chung JG, Lin JP, Chuang JY, Chang WC, Wu JY, and Tyan YS (2005b) Berberine inhibits arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity and gene expression in mouse leukemia L 1210 cells. Phytomedicine 12:351-358.
126. Lin SY, Yang JH, Hsia TC, Lee JH, Chiu TH, Wei YH, and Chung JG (2005c) Effect of inhibition of aloe-emodin on N-acetyltransferase activity and gene expression in human malignant melanoma cells (A375.S2). Melanoma Res 15:489-494.
127. Lin Y, Smith TW, and Alexandridis P (2002) Adsorption of a polymeric siloxane surfactant on carbon black particles dispersed in mixtures of water with polar organic solvents. J Colloid Interface Sci 255:1-9.
128. Lincz LF, Kerridge I, Scorgie FE, Bailey M, Enno A, and Spencer A (2004) Xenobiotic gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to multiple myeloma. Haematologica 89: 628-629.
129. Liu L, Wagner CR, and Hanna PE (2008) Human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1: in vitro and intracellular inactivation by nitrosoarene metabolites of toxic and carcinogenic arylamines. Chem Res Toxicol 21:2005-2016.
130. Loi S, Haibe-Kains B, Desmedt C, Wirapati P, Lallemand F, Tutt AM, Gillet C, Ellis P, Ryder K, Reid JF, et al. (2008) Predicting prognosis using molecular profiling in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer treated with tamoxifen. BMC Genomics 9:239.
131. Lu KH, Lin KL, Hsia TC, Hung CF, Chou MC, Hsiao YM, and Chung JG (2001) Tamoxifen inhibits arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity and DNA-2 aminofluorene adduct in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 109:319-331.
132. Mahid SS, Colliver DW, Crawford NP, Martini BD, Doll MA, Hein DW, Cobbs GA, Petras RE, and Galandiuk S (2007) Characterization of N-acetyltransferase 1 and 2 polymorphisms and haplotype analysis for inflammatory bowel disease and sporadic colorectal carcinoma. BMC Med Genet 8:28.
133. Maiti S, Zhang J, and Chen G (2007) Redox regulation of human estrogen sulfotransferase (hSULT1E1). Biochem Pharmacol 73:1474-1481.
134. Malka F, Dairou J, Ragunathan N, Dupret JM, and Rodrigues-Lima F (2009) Mechanisms and kinetics of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 inhibition by disulfiram. FEBS J 276:4900-4908.
135. Martelli A, Rousselet E, Dycke C, Bouron A, and Moulis JM (2006) Cadmium toxicity in animal cells by interference with essential metals. Biochimie 88:1807-1814.
136. McGrath M, Michaud D, and De Vivo I (2006) Polymorphisms in GSTT1, GSTM1, NAT1 and NAT2 genes and bladder cancer risk in men and women. BMC Cancer 6:239.
137. McKay JD, Hashibe M, Hung RJ, Wakefield J, Gaborieau V, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Zaridze D, Lissowska J, Rudnai P, Fabianova E, et al. (2008) Sequence variants of NAT1 and NAT2 and other xenometabolic genes and risk of lung and aerodigestive tract cancers in Central Europe. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 17: 141-147.
138. McPartlin J, Halligan A, Scott JM, Darling M, and Weir DG (1993) Accelerated folate breakdown in pregnancy. Lancet 341:148-149.
139. Miller WR, Larionov AA, Renshaw L, Anderson TJ, White S, Murray J, Murray E, Hampton G, Walker JR, Ho S, et al. (2007) Changes in breast cancer transcriptional profiles after treatment with the aromatase inhibitor, letrozole. Pharmacogenet Genomics 17:813-826.
140. Millikan RC (2000) NAT1*10 and NAT1*11 polymorphisms and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9:217-219.
141. Millikan RC, Pittman GS, Newman B, Tse CK, Selmin O, Rockhill B, Savitz D, Moorman PG, and Bell DA (1998) Cigarette smoking, N-acetyltransferases 1 and 2, and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 7:371-378.
142. Minchin RF (1995) Acetylation of p-aminobenzoylglutamate, a folic acid catabolite, by recombinant human arylamine N-acetyltransferase and U937 cells. Biochem J 307:1-3.
143. Minchin RF, Hanna PE, Dupret JM, Wagner CR, Rodrigues-Lima F, and Butcher NJ (2007) Arylamine N-acetyltransferase I. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 39:1999-2005.
144. Minchin RF, Reeves PT, Teitel CH, McManus ME, Mojarrabi B, Ilett KF, and Kadlubar FF (1992) N-and O-acetylation of aromatic and heterocyclic amine carcinogens by human monomorphic and polymorphic acetyltransferases expressed in COS-1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 185:839-844.
145. Morton LM, Bernstein L, Wang SS, Hein DW, Rothman N, Colt JS, Davis S, Cerhan JR, Severson RK, Welch R, et al. (2007) Hair dye use, genetic variation in Nacetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) and 2 (NAT2), and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Carcinogenesis 28:1759-1764.
146. Morton LM, Schenk M, Hein DW, Davis S, Zahm SH, Cozen W, Cerhan JR, Hartge P, Welch R, Chanock SJ, et al. (2006) Genetic variation in N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) and 2 (NAT2) and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Pharmacogenet Genomics 16:537-545.
147. Moslehi R, Chatterjee N, Church TR, Chen J, Yeager M, Weissfeld J, Hein DW, and Hayes RB (2006) Cigarette smoking, N-acetyltransferase genes and the risk of advanced colorectal adenoma. Pharmacogenomics 7:819-829.
148. Nakai Y, Inoue K, Abe N, Hatakeyama M, Ohta KY, Otagiri M, Hayashi Y, and Yuasa H (2007) Functional characterization of human proton-coupled folate transporter/heme carrier protein 1 heterologously expressed in mammalian cells as a folate transporter. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 322:469-476.
149. Niemeier LA, Dabbs DJ, Beriwal S, Striebel JM, and Bhargava R (2010) Androgen receptor in breast cancer: expression in estrogen receptor-positive tumors and in estrogen receptor-negative tumors with apocrine differentiation. Mod Pathol 23: 205-212.
150. Nothlings U, Yamamoto JF, Wilkens LR, Murphy SP, Park SY, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN, and Le Marchand L (2009) Meat and heterocyclic amine intake, smoking, NAT1 and NAT2 polymorphisms, and colorectal cancer risk in the multiethnic cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:2098-2106.
151. Ohsako S and Deguchi T (1990) Cloning and expression of cDNAs for polymorphic and monomorphic arylamine N-acetyltransferases from human liver. J Biol Chem 265:4630-4634.
152. Okkels H, Sigsgaard T, Wolf H, and Autrup H (1997) Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) and 2 (NAT2) polymorphisms in susceptibility to bladder cancer: the influence of smoking. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 6:225-231.
153. Olshan AF, Weissler MC, Watson MA, and Bell DA (2000) GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, CYP1A1, and NAT1 polymorphisms, tobacco use, and the risk of head and neck cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9:185-191.
154. Paterson S, Sin KL, Tiang JM, Minchin RF, and Butcher NJ (2011) Histone deacety lase inhibitors increase human arylamine N-acetyltransferase-1 expression in human tumor cells. Drug Metab Dispos 39:77-82.
155. Pawlak G and Helfman DM (2001) Cytoskeletal changes in cell transformation and tumorigenesis. Curr Opin Genet Dev 11:41-47.
156. Perou CM, Sørlie T, Eisen MB, van de Rijn M, Jeffrey SS, Rees CA, Pollack JR, Ross DT, Johnsen H, Akslen LA, et al. (2000) Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature 406:747-752.
157. Phillips HS, Kharbanda S, Chen R, Forrest WF, Soriano RH, Wu TD, Misra A, Nigro JM, Colman H, Soroceanu L, et al. (2006) Molecular subclasses of high-grade glioma predict prognosis, delineate a pattern of disease progression, and resemble stages in neurogenesis. Cancer Cell 9:157-173.
158. Prawan A, Kukongviriyapan V, Tassaneeyakul W, Pairojkul C, and Bhudhisawasdi V (2005) Association between genetic polymorphisms of CYP1A2, arylamine Nacetyltransferase 1 and 2 and susceptibility to cholangiocarcinoma. Eur J Cancer Prev 14:245-250.
159. Probst-Hensch NM, Haile RW, Li DS, Sakamoto GT, Louie AD, Lin BK, Frankl HD, Lee ER, and Lin HJ (1996) Lack of association between the polyadenylation polymorphism in the NAT1 (acetyltransferase 1) gene and colorectal adenomas. Carcinogenesis 17:2125-2129.
160. 2) and organic mercury (CH3Hg): mechanism and kinetics. FEBS Lett 584:3366-3369.
161. Ragunathan N, Dairou J, Pluvinage B, Martins M, Petit E, Janel N, Dupret JM, and Rodrigues-Lima F (2008) Identification of the xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 as a new target of cisplatin in breast cancer cells: molecular and cellular mechanisms of inhibition. Mol Pharmacol 73:1761-1768.
162. Ragunathan N, Dairou J, Sanfins E, Busi F, Noll C, Janel N, Dupret JM, and Rodrigues-Lima F (2010b) Cadmium alters the biotransformation of carcinogenic aromatic amines by arylamine N-acetyltransferase xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes: molecular, cellular, and in vivo studies. Environ Health Perspect 118:1685-1691.
163. Raponi M, Zhang Y, Yu J, Chen G, Lee G, Taylor JM, Macdonald J, Thomas D, Moskaluk C, Wang Y, et al. (2006) Gene expression signatures for predicting prognosis of squamous cell and adenocarcinomas of the lung. Cancer Res 66:7466-7472.
164. Razin A (1998) CpG methylation, chromatin structure and gene silencing-a threeway connection. EMBO J 17:4905-4908.
165. Rodrigues-Lima F, Dairou J, and Dupret JM (2008) Effect of environmental substances on the activity of arylamine N-acetyltransferases. Curr Drug Metab 9:505-509.
166. Rodrigues-Lima F, Deloménie C, Goodfellow GH, Grant DM, and Dupret JM (2001) Homology modelling and structural analysis of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase NAT1: evidence for the conservation of a cysteine protease catalytic domain and an active-site loop. The Biochemical journal 356:327-334.
167. Rohan S, Tu JJ, Kao J, Mukherjee P, Campagne F, Zhou XK, Hyjek E, Alonso MA, and Chen YT (2006) Gene expression profiling separates chromophobe renal cell carcinoma from oncocytoma and identifies vesicular transport and cell junction proteins as differentially expressed genes. Clin Cancer Res 12:6937-6945.
168. Rovito PM Jr, Morse PD, Spinek K, Newman N, Jones RF, Wang CY, and Haas GP (2005) Heterocyclic amines and genotype of N-acetyltransferases as risk factors for prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 8:69-74.
169. Russell AJ, Westwood IM, Crawford MH, Robinson J, Kawamura A, Redfield C, Laurieri N, Lowe ED, Davies SG, and Sim E (2009) Selective small molecule inhibitors of the potential breast cancer marker, human arylamine Nacetyltransferase 1, and its murine homologue, mouse arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2. Bioorg Med Chem 17:905-918.
170. Sabates-Bellver J, Van der Flier LG, de Palo M, Cattaneo E, Maake C, Rehrauer H, Laczko E, Kurowski MA, Bujnicki JM, Menigatti M, et al. (2007) Transcriptome profile of human colorectal adenomas. Mol Cancer Res 5:1263-1275.
171. Sanfins E, Dairou J, Hussain S, Busi F, Chaffotte AF, Rodrigues-Lima F, and Dupret JM (2011) Carbon black nanoparticles impair acetylation of aromatic amine carcinogens through inactivation of arylamine N-acetyltransferase enzymes. ACS Nano 5:4504-4511.
172. Schuetz CS, Bonin M, Clare SE, Nieselt K, Sotlar K, Walter M, Fehm T, Solomayer E, Riess O, Wallwiener D, et al. (2006) Progression-specific genes identified by expression profiling of matched ductal carcinomas in situ and invasive breast tumors, combining laser capture microdissection and oligonucleotide microarray analysis. Cancer Res 66:5278-5286.
173. Selga E, Morales C, Noé V, Peinado MA, and Ciudad CJ (2008) Role of caveolin 1, E-cadherin, Enolase 2 and PKCalpha on resistance to methotrexate in human HT29 colon cancer cells. BMC Med Genomics 1:35.
174. Sharma S, Cao X, Wilkens LR, Yamamoto J, Lum-Jones A, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN, and Le Marchand L (2010) Well-done meat consumption, NAT1 and NAT2 acetylator genotypes and prostate cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 19:1866-1870.
175. Shear NH and Spielberg SP (1985) In vitro evaluation of a toxic metabolite of sulfadiazine. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 63:1370-1372.
176. Sinclair JC, Sandy J, Delgoda R, Sim E, and Noble ME (2000) Structure of arylamine N-acetyltransferase reveals a catalytic triad. Nature structural biology 7:560-564.
177. Singh N, Duenas-González A, Lyko F, and Medina-Franco JL (2009) Molecular modeling and molecular dynamics studies of hydralazine with human DNA methyltransferase 1. ChemMedChem 4:792-799.
178. Smalley MJ and Dale TC (1999) Wnt signalling in mammalian development and cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 18:215-230.
179. Smid M, Wang Y, Klijn JG, Sieuwerts AM, Zhang Y, Atkins D, Martens JW, and Foekens JA (2006) Genes associated with breast cancer metastatic to bone. J Clin Oncol 24:2261-2267.
180. Smith AP, Hoek K, and Becker D (2005) Whole-genome expression profiling of the melanoma progression pathway reveals marked molecular differences between nevi/melanoma in situ and advanced-stage melanomas. Cancer Biol Ther 4:1018-1029.
181. Smith TJ and Hanna PE (1988) Hepatic N-acetyltransferases: selective inactivation in vivo by a carcinogenic N-arylhydroxamic acid. Biochem Pharmacol 37:427-434.
182. Sørensen M, Autrup H, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, and Raaschou-Nielsen O (2008) Prospective study of NAT1 and NAT2 polymorphisms, tobacco smoking and meat consumption and risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 266:186-193.
183. Sørlie T, Perou CM, Tibshirani R, Aas T, Geisler S, Johnsen H, Hastie T, Eisen MB, van de Rijn M, Jeffrey SS, et al. (2001) Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:10869-10874.
184. Stanisławska-Sachadyn A, Jensen LE, Kealey C, Woodside JV, Young IS, Scott JM, Murray L, Boreham CA, McNulty H, Strain JJ, et al. (2006) Association between the NAT1 1095C A polymorphism and homocysteine concentration. Am J Med Genet A 140:2374-2377.
185. Stearman RS, Dwyer-Nield L, Zerbe L, Blaine SA, Chan Z, Bunn PA Jr, Johnson GL, Hirsch FR, Merrick DT, Franklin WA, et al. (2005) Analysis of orthologous gene expression between human pulmonary adenocarcinoma and a carcinogen-induced murine model. Am J Pathol 167:1763-1775.
186. Sticha KR, Bergstrom CP, Wagner CR, and Hanna PE (1998) Characterization of hamster recombinant monomorphic and polymorphic arylamine N-acetyltrans-ferases: bioactivation and mechanism-based inactivation studies with N-hydroxy 2-acetylaminofluorene. Biochem Pharmacol 56:47-59.
187. Stirewalt DL, Meshinchi S, Kopecky KJ, Fan W, Pogosova-Agadjanyan EL, Engel JH, Cronk MR, Dorcy KS, McQuary AR, Hockenbery D, et al. (2008) Identification of genes with abnormal expression changes in acute myeloid leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 47:8-20.
188. Sugamori KS, Wong S, Gaedigk A, Yu V, Abramovici H, Rozmahel R, and Grant DM (2003) Generation and functional characterization of arylamine N-acetyltransferase Nat1/Nat2 double-knockout mice. Mol Pharmacol 64:170-179.
189. Suh JR, Herbig AK, and Stover PJ (2001) New perspectives on folate catabolism. Annu Rev Nutr 21:255-282.
190. Suh JR, Oppenheim EW, Girgis S, and Stover PJ (2000) Purification and properties of a folate-catabolizing enzyme. J Biol Chem 275:35646-35655.
191. Sun L, Hui AM, Su Q, Vortmeyer A, Kotliarov Y, Pastorino S, Passaniti A, Menon J, Walling J, Bailey R, et al. (2006) Neuronal and glioma-derived stem cell factor induces angiogenesis within the brain. Cancer Cell 9:287-300.
192. Suzuki H, Morris JS, Li Y, Doll MA, Hein DW, Liu J, Jiao L, Hassan MM, Day RS, Bondy ML, et al. (2008) Interaction of the cytochrome P4501A2, SULT1A1 and NAT gene polymorphisms with smoking and dietary mutagen intake in modification of the risk of pancreatic cancer. Carcinogenesis 29:1184-1191.
193. Tabor H, Mehler AH, and Stadtman ER (1953) The enzymatic acetylation of amines. J Biol Chem 204:127-138.
194. Talantov D, Mazumder A, Yu JX, Briggs T, Jiang Y, Backus J, Atkins D, and Wang Y (2005) Novel genes associated with malignant melanoma but not benign melanocytic lesions. Clin Cancer Res 11:7234-7242.
195. Taylor JA, Umbach DM, Stephens E, Castranio T, Paulson D, Robertson C, Mohler JL, and Bell DA (1998) The role of N-acetylation polymorphisms in smoking associated bladder cancer: evidence of a gene-gene-exposure three-way interaction. Cancer Res 58:3603-3610.
196. Tiang JM, Butcher NJ, Cullinane C, Humbert PO, and Minchin RF (2011) RNAi mediated knock-down of arylamine N-acetyltransferase-1 expression induces Ecadherin up-regulation and cell-cell contact growth inhibition. Plos One 6:e17031.
197. Tiang JM, Butcher NJ, and Minchin RF (2010) Small molecule inhibition of arylamine N-acetyltransferase Type I inhibits proliferation and invasiveness of MDAMB-231 breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 393:95-100.
198. Tiemersma EW, Kampman E, Bueno de Mesquita HB, Bunschoten A, van Schothorst EM, Kok FJ, and Kromhout D (2002) Meat consumption, cigarette smoking, and genetic susceptibility in the etiology of colorectal cancer: results from a Dutch prospective study. Cancer Causes Control 13:383-393.
199. Tooker P, Yen WC, Ng SC, Negro-Vilar A, and Hermann TW (2007) Bexarotene (LGD1069, Targretin), a selective retinoid X receptor agonist, prevents and reverses gemcitabine resistance in NSCLC cells by modulating gene amplification. Cancer Res 67:4425-4433.
200. Turashvili G, Bouchal J, Baumforth K, Wei W, Dziechciarkova M, Ehrmann J, Klein J, Fridman E, Skarda J, Srovnal J, et al. (2007) Novel markers for differentiation of lobular and ductal invasive breast carcinomas by laser microdissection and microarray analysis. BMC Cancer 7:55.
201. van't Veer LJ, Dai H, van de Vijver MJ, He YD, Hart AA, Mao M, Peterse HL, van der Kooy K, Marton MJ, Witteveen AT, et al. (2002) Gene expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of breast cancer. Nature 415:530-536.
202. van der Hel OL, Bueno de Mesquita HB, Roest M, Slothouber B, van Gils C, van Noord PA, Grobbee DE, and Peeters PH (2003) No modifying effect of NAT1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 on the relation between smoking and colorectal cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 12:681-682.
203. Varambally S, Yu J, Laxman B, Rhodes DR, Mehra R, Tomlins SA, Shah RB, Chandran U, Monzon FA, Becich MJ, et al. (2005) Integrative genomic and proteomic analysis of prostate cancer reveals signatures of metastatic progression. Cancer Cell 8:393-406.
204. Varzim G, Monteiro E, Silva R, Pinheiro C, and Lopes C (2002) Polymorphisms of arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT1 and NAT2) and larynx cancer susceptibility. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 64:206-212.
205. Vatsis KP and Weber WW (1993) Structural heterogeneity of Caucasian Nacetyltransferase at the NAT1 gene locus. Arch Biochem Biophys 301:71-76.
206. Villar-Garea A, Fraga MF, Espada J, and Esteller M (2003) Procaine is a DNA demethylating agent with growth-inhibitory effects in human cancer cells. Cancer Res 63:4984-4989.
207. Wakefield L, Boukouvala S, and Sim E (2010) Characterisation of CpG methylation in the upstream control region of mouse Nat2: evidence for a gene-environment interaction in a polymorphic gene implicated in folate metabolism. Gene 452: 16-21.
208. Wakefield L, Cornish V, Long H, Griffiths WJ, and Sim E (2007a) Deletion of a xenobiotic metabolizing gene in mice affects folate metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 364:556-560.
209. Wakefield L, Long H, Lack N, and Sim E (2007b) Ocular defects associated with a null mutation in the mouse arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 gene. Mamm Genome 18:270-276.
210. Wakefield L, Robinson J, Long H, Ibbitt JC, Cooke S, Hurst HC, and Sim E (2008) Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 expression in breast cancer cell lines: a potential marker in estrogen receptor-positive tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 47:118-126.
211. Walraven JM, Trent JO, and Hein DW (2008a) Structure-function analyses of single nucleotide polymorphisms in human N-acetyltransferase 1. Drug metabolism reviews 40:169-184.
212. Walraven JM, Zang Y, Trent JO, and Hein DW (2008b) Structure/function evaluations of single nucleotide polymorphisms in human N-acetyltransferase 2. Curr Drug Metab 9:471-486.
213. Wang CY, Jones RF, Debiec-Rychter M, Soos G, and Haas GP (2002) Correlation of the genotypes for N-acetyltransferases 1 and 2 with double bladder and prostate cancers in a case-comparison study. Anticancer Res 22:3529-3535.
214. Wang D, Para MF, Koletar SL, and Sadee W (2011) Human N-acetyltransferase 1 *10 and *11 alleles increase protein expression through distinct mechanisms and associate with sulfamethoxazole-induced hypersensitivity. Pharmacogenet Genomics 21:652-664.
215. Wang H, Liu L, Hanna PE, and Wagner CR (2005a) Catalytic mechanism of hamster arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2. Biochemistry 44:11295-11306.
216. Wang H, Vath GM, Gleason KJ, Hanna PE, and Wagner CR (2004) Probing the mechanism of hamster arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 acetylation by active site modification, site-directed mutagenesis, and pre-steady state and steady state kinetic studies. Biochemistry 43:8234-8246.
217. Wang H, Wagner CR, and Hanna PE (2005b) Irreversible inactivation of arylamine N-acetyltransferases in the presence of N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl: a comparison of human and hamster enzymes. Chem Res Toxicol 18:183-197.
218. Ward A, Summers MJ, and Sim E (1995) Purification of recombinant human Nacetyltransferase type 1 (NAT1) expressed in E. coli and characterization of its potential role in folate metabolism. Biochem Pharmacol 49:1759-1767.
219. Weber WW and Hein DW (1985) N-acetylation pharmacogenetics. Pharmacol Rev 37:25-79.
220. Wei G, Twomey D, Lamb J, Schlis K, Agarwal J, Stam RW, Opferman JT, Sallan SE, den Boer ML, Pieters R, et al. (2006) Gene expression-based chemical genomics identifies rapamycin as a modulator of MCL1 and glucocorticoid resistance. Cancer Cell 10:331-342.
221. Weigelt B, Glas AM, Wessels LF, Witteveen AT, Peterse JL, and van't Veer LJ (2003) Gene expression profiles of primary breast tumors maintained in distant metastases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:15901-15905.
222. West M, Blanchette C, Dressman H, Huang E, Ishida S, Spang R, Zuzan H, Olson JA Jr, Marks JR, and Nevins JR (2001) Predicting the clinical status of human breast cancer by using gene expression profiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:11462-11467.
223. Westwood IM, Bhakta S, Russell AJ, Fullam E, Anderton MC, Kawamura A, Mulvaney AW, Vickers RJ, Bhowruth V, Besra GS, et al. (2010) Identification of arylamine N-acetyltransferase inhibitors as an approach towards novel antituberculars. Protein Cell 1:82-95.
224. Westwood IM, Kawamura A, Russell AJ, Sandy J, Davies SG, and Sim E (2011) Novel small-molecule inhibitors of arylamine N-acetyltransferases: drug discovery by high-throughput screening. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 14:117-124.
225. White WE Jr, Yielding LK, and Krumdieck CL (1976) Folates as inhibitors of glutamate dehydrogenase. Biochim Biophys Acta 429:689-693.
226. Wick MJ, Jantan IB, and Hanna PE (1988) Irreversible inhibition of rat hepatic transacetylase activity by N-arylhydroxamic acids. Biochem Pharmacol 37:1225-1231.
227. Wideroff L, Vaughan TL, Farin FM, Gammon MD, Risch H, Stanford JL, and Chow WH (2007) GST, NAT1, CYP1A1 polymorphisms and risk of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas. Cancer Detect Prev 31:233-236.
228. Wikman H, Thiel S, Jager B, Schmezer P, Spiegelhalder B, Edler L, Dienemann H, Kayser K, Schulz V, Drings P, et al. (2001) Relevance of N-acetyltransferase 1 and 2 (NAT1, NAT2) genetic polymorphisms in non-small cell lung cancer susceptibility. Pharmacogenetics 11:157-168.
229. Williams JW, Duggleby RG, Cutler R, and Morrison JF (1980) The inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase by folate analogues: structural requirements for slowand tight-binding inhibition. Biochem Pharmacol 29:589-595.
230. Windmill KF, Gaedigk A, Hall PM, Samaratunga H, Grant DM, and McManus ME (2000) Localization of N-acetyltransferases NAT1 and NAT2 in human tissues. Toxicol Sci 54:19-29.
231. Woelfle U, Cloos J, Sauter G, Riethdorf L, Janicke F, van Diest P, Brakenhoff R, and Pantel K (2003) Molecular signature associated with bone marrow micrometastasis in human breast cancer. Cancer Res 63:5679-5684.
232. Wong PS, Eiserich JP, Reddy S, Lopez CL, Cross CE, and van der Vliet A (2001) Inactivation of glutathione S-transferases by nitric oxide-derived oxidants: exploring a role for tyrosine nitration. Arch Biochem Biophys 394:216-228.
233. Wu H, Dombrovsky L, Tempel W, Martin F, Loppnau P, Goodfellow GH, Grant DM, and Plotnikov AN (2007) Structural basis of substrate-binding specificity of human arylamine N-acetyltransferases. J Biol Chem 282:30189-30197.
234. Wu K and Bonavida B (2009) The activated NF-kappaB-Snail-RKIP circuitry in cancer regulates both the metastatic cascade and resistance to apoptosis by cytotoxic drugs. Crit Rev Immunol 29:241-254.
235. Xu C, Li CY, and Kong AN (2005) Induction of phase I, II and III drug metabolism/ transport by xenobiotics. Arch Pharm Res 28:249-268.
236. Yagi T, Morimoto A, Eguchi M, Hibi S, Sako M, Ishii E, Mizutani S, Imashuku S, Ohki M, and Ichikawa H (2003) Identification of a gene expression signature associated with pediatric AML prognosis. Blood 102:1849-1856.
237. Yang XJ, Tan MH, Kim HL, Ditlev JA, Betten MW, Png CE, Kort EJ, Futami K, Furge KA, Takahashi M, et al. (2005) A molecular classification of papillary renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 65:5628-5637.
238. Yu CS, Yu FS, Chuang YC, Lu HF, Lin SY, Chiu TH, and Chung JG (2005) Wogonin inhibits N-acetyltransferase activity and gene expression in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Anticancer Res 25:127-132.
239. Yuan Y, Curtis C, Caldas C and Markowetz F (2010) A sparse regulatory network of copy-number driven expression reveals putative breast cancer oncogenes, in IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine; 2010 Dec 18-21 Hong Kong. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York, NY
240. Zenser TV, Lakshmi VM, Rustan TD, Doll MA, Deitz AC, Davis BB, and Hein DW (1996) Human N-acetylation of benzidine: role of NAT1 and NAT2. Cancer Res 56:3941-3947.
241. Zhang B, Xing Y, Li Z, Zhou H, Mu Q, and Yan B (2009) Functionalized carbon nanotubes specifically bind to alpha-chymotrypsin's catalytic site and regulate its enzymatic function. Nano Lett 9:2280-2284.
242. Zhang XF, Bian JC, Zhang XY, Zhang ZM, Jiang F, Wang QM, Wang QJ, Cao YY, and Tang BM (2005) Are polymorphisms of N-acetyltransferase genes susceptible to primary liver cancer in Luoyang, China? World J Gastroenterol 11:1457-1462.
243. Zhangwei X, Jianming X, Qiao M, and Xinhua X (2006) N-Acetyltransferase-1 gene polymorphisms and correlation between genotype and its activity in a central Chinese Han population. Clin Chim Acta 371:85-91.
244. Zhao H, Kim Y, Wang P, Lapointe J, Tibshirani R, Pollack JR, and Brooks JD (2005) Genome-wide characterization of gene expression variations and DNA copy number changes in prostate cancer cell lines. Prostate 63:187-197.
245. Zheng W, Deitz AC, Campbell DR, Wen WQ, Cerhan JR, Sellers TA, Folsom AR, and Hein DW (1999) N-acetyltransferase 1 genetic polymorphism, cigarette smoking, well-done meat intake, and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 8:233-239.
246. Zhu Y, States JC, Wang Y, and Hein DW (2011) Functional effects of genetic polymorphisms in the N-acetyltransferase 1 coding and 3 untranslated regions. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 91:77-84.