Anti-inflammatory functions of glucocorticoid-induced genes

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

Volumn 275, Issue 1-2, 2007, Pages 79-97

  Clark, Andrew R ^a  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Annexin; Dissociated glucocorticoid; Dual specificity phosphatase; Glucococorticoid; Glucocorticoid induced leucine zipper; Inflammation; Nuclear factor B; Post transcriptional; Transactivation; Transrepression; Tristetraprolin

Indexed keywords

BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; CYCLOHEXIMIDE; DEXAMETHASONE; GLUCOCORTICOID; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR; INTERLEUKIN 5; INTERLEUKIN 6; LEUCINE ZIPPER PROTEIN; LIPOCORTIN 1; MESSENGER RNA; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; PHOSPHATASE; STRESS ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; TRISTETRAPROLIN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; VASCULOTROPIN;

ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; ASTHMA; CHROMATIN IMMUNOPRECIPITATION; DRUG ACTIVITY; DRUG INHIBITION; DRUG MECHANISM; GENE CONTROL; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; MAST CELL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN INTERACTION; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION;

ANIMALS; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION MEDIATORS; NF-KAPPA B; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC;

EID: 34547883918     PISSN: 03037207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2007.04.013     Document Type: Article

References (303)

1. Abraham S.M., and Clark A.R. Dual-specificity phosphatase 1: a critical regulator of innate immune responses. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 34 (2006) 1018-1023
2. Abraham S.M., Lawrence T., Kleiman A., Warden P., Medghalchi M., Tuckermann J., Saklatvala J., and Clark A.R. Antiinflammatory effects of dexamethasone are partly dependent on induction of dual specificity phosphatase 1. J. Exp. Med. 203 (2006) 1883-1889
3. Adcock I.M., Nasuhara Y., Stevens D.A., and Barnes P.J. Ligand-induced differentiation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) trans-repression and transactivation: preferential targetting of NF-kappaB and lack of I-kappaB involvement. Br. J. Pharmacol. 127 (1999) 1003-1011
4. Adcock I.M., Newton R., and Barnes P.J. NF-kappa B involvement in IL-1 beta-induction of GM-CSF and COX-2: inhibition by glucocorticoids does not require I-kappa B. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 25 (1997) 154S
5. Aeberli D., Yang Y., Mansell A., Santos L., Leech M., and Morand E.F. Endogenous macrophage migration inhibitory factor modulates glucocorticoid sensitivity in macrophages via effects on MAP kinase phosphatase-1 and p38 MAP kinase. FEBS Lett. 580 (2006) 974-981
6. Aittomaki S., Pesu M., Groner B., Janne O.A., Palvimo J.J., and Silvennoinen O. Cooperation among Stat1, glucocorticoid receptor, and PU.1 in transcriptional activation of the high-affinity Fc gamma receptor I in monocytes. J. Immunol. 164 (2000) 5689-5697
7. Alam T., An M.R., Mifflin R.C., Hsieh C.C., Ge X., and Papaconstantinou J. Trans-activation of the alpha 1-acid glycoprotein gene acute phase responsive element by multiple isoforms of C/EBP and glucocorticoid receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 15681-15688
8. Almon R.R., Dubois D.C., Jin J.Y., and Jusko W.J. Pharmacogenomic responses of rat liver to methylprednisolone: an approach to mining a rich microarray time series. Aaps J. 7 (2005) E156-E194
9. Amano Y., Lee S.W., and Allison A.C. Inhibition by glucocorticoids of the formation of interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6: mediation by decreased mRNA stability. Mol. Pharmacol. 43 (1993) 176-182
10. Arbibe L., Kim D.W., Batsche E., Pedron T., Mateescu B., Muchardt C., Parsot C., and Sansonetti P.J. An injected bacterial effector targets chromatin access for transcription factor NF-kappaB to alter transcription of host genes involved in immune responses. Nat. Immunol. 8 (2007) 47-56
11. Arizmendi C., Liu S., Croniger C., Poli V., and Friedman J.E. The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta regulates gluconeogenesis and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) gene transcription during diabetes. J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999) 13033-13040
12. Arthaningtyas E., Kok C.C., Mordvinov V.A., and Sanderson C.J. The conserved lymphokine element 0 is a powerful activator and target for corticosteroid inhibition in human interleukin-5 transcription. Growth Factors 23 (2005) 211-221
13. Asselin-Labat M.L., Biola-Vidamment A., Kerbrat S., Lombes M., Bertoglio J., and Pallardy M. FoxO3 mediates antagonistic effects of glucocorticoids and interleukin-2 on glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper expression. Mol. Endocrinol. 19 (2005) 1752-1764
14. Asselin-Labat M.L., David M., Biola-Vidamment A., Lecoeuche D., Zennaro M.C., Bertoglio J., and Pallardy M. GILZ, a new target for the transcription factor FoxO3, protects T lymphocytes from interleukin-2 withdrawal-induced apoptosis. Blood 104 (2004) 215-223
15. Auphan N., DiDonato J.A., Rosette C., Helmberg A., and Karin M. Immunosuppression by glucocorticoids: inhibition of NF-kappa B activity through induction of I kappa B synthesis. Science 270 (1995) 286-290
16. Aurrekoetxea-Hernandez K., and Buetti E. Transforming growth factor beta enhances the glucocorticoid response of the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter through Smad and GA-binding proteins. J. Virol. 78 (2004) 2201-2211
17. Auwardt R.B., Mudge S.J., Chen C.G., and Power D.A. Regulation of nuclear factor kappaB by corticosteroids in rat mesangial cells. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 9 (1998) 1620-1628
18. Ayroldi E., Migliorati G., Bruscoli S., Marchetti C., Zollo O., Cannarile L., D'Adamio F., and Riccardi C. Modulation of T-cell activation by the glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper factor via inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB. Blood 98 (2001) 743-753
19. Ayroldi E., Zollo O., Macchiarulo A., Di Marco B., Marchetti C., and Riccardi C. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper inhibits the Raf-extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway by binding to Raf-1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (2002) 7929-7941
20. Barnes P.J. Scientific rationale for inhaled combination therapy with long-acting beta2-agonists and corticosteroids. Eur. Respir. J. 19 (2002) 182-191
21. Bazuine M., Carlotti F., Tafrechi R.S., Hoeben R.C., and Maassen J.A. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1 and -4 attenuate p38 MAPK during dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol. Endocrinol. 18 (2004) 1697-1707
22. Beg A.A., Sha W.C., Bronson R.T., and Baltimore D. Constitutive NF-kappa B activation, enhanced granulopoiesis, and neonatal lethality in I kappa B alpha-deficient mice. Genes Dev. 9 (1995) 2736-2746
23. Belvisi M.G., Brown T.J., Wicks S., and Foster M.L. New glucocorticosteroids with an improved therapeutic ratio?. Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther. 14 (2001) 221-227
24. Berg T., Didon L., Barton J., Andersson O., and Nord M. Glucocorticoids increase C/EBPbeta activity in the lung epithelium via phosphorylation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 334 (2005) 638-645
25. Bergmann M.W., Staples K.J., Smith S.J., Barnes P.J., and Newton R. Glucocorticoid inhibition of granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor from T cells is independent of control by nuclear factor-kappaB and conserved lymphokine element 0. Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 30 (2004) 555-563
26. Berkman N., Jose P.J., Williams T.J., Schall T.J., Barnes P.J., and Chung K.F. Corticosteroid inhibition of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha in human monocytes and alveolar macrophages. Am. J. Physiol. 269 (1995) L443-L452
27. Berrebi D., Bruscoli S., Cohen N., Foussat A., Migliorati G., Bouchet-Delbos L., Maillot M.C., Portier A., Couderc J., Galanaud P., et al. Synthesis of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) by macrophages: an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive mechanism shared by glucocorticoids and IL-10. Blood 101 (2003) 729-738
28. Bhalla V., Soundararajan R., Pao A.C., Li H., and Pearce D. Disinhibitory pathways for control of sodium transport: regulation of ENaC by SGK1 and GILZ. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 291 (2006) F714-F721
29. Bhattacharyya S., Brown D.E., Brewer J.A., Vogt S.K., and Muglia L.J. Macrophage glucocorticoid receptors regulate Toll-like receptor-4-mediated inflammatory responses by selective inhibition of p38 MAP kinase. Blood 109 (2007) 4313-4319
30. Bladh L.G., Liden J., Dahlman-Wright K., Reimers M., Nilsson S., and Okret S. Identification of endogenous glucocorticoid repressed genes differentially regulated by a glucocorticoid receptor mutant able to separate between nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1 repression. Mol. Pharmacol. 67 (2005) 815-826
31. Boruk M., Savory J.G., and Hache R.J. AF-2-dependent potentiation of CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta-mediated transcriptional activation by glucocorticoid receptor. Mol. Endocrinol. 12 (1998) 1749-1763
32. Brach M.A., Gruss H.J., Riedel D., Asano Y., De Vos S., and Herrmann F. Effect of antiinflammatory agents on synthesis of MCP-1/JE transcripts by human blood monocytes. Mol. Pharmacol. 42 (1992) 63-68
33. Brewer B.Y., Malicka J., Blackshear P.J., and Wilson G.M. RNA sequence elements required for high affinity binding by the zinc finger domain of tristetraprolin: conformational changes coupled to the bipartite nature of Au-rich MRNA-destabilizing motifs. J. Biol. Chem. 279 (2004) 27870-27877
34. Brierley M.M., and Fish E.N. Stats: multifaceted regulators of transcription. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 25 (2005) 733-744
35. Brostjan C., Anrather J., Csizmadia V., Stroka D., Soares M., Bach F.H., and Winkler H. Glucocorticoid-mediated repression of NFkappaB activity in endothelial cells does not involve induction of IkappaBalpha synthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 19612-19616
36. Brown E.A., Dare H.A., Marsh C.B., and Wewers M.D. The combination of endotoxin and dexamethasone induces type II interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1r II) in monocytes: a comparison to interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). Cytokine 8 (1996) 828-836
37. Buckingham J.C., John C.D., Solito E., Tierney T., Flower R.J., Christian H., and Morris J. Annexin 1, glucocorticoids, and the neuroendocrine-immune interface. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1088 (2006) 396-409
38. Cannarile L., Fallarino F., Agostini M., Cuzzocrea S., Mazzon E., Vacca C., Genovese T., Migliorati G., Ayroldi E., and Riccardi C. Increased GILZ expression in transgenic mice up-regulates Th-2 lymphokines. Blood 107 (2006) 1039-1047
39. Cannarile L., Zollo O., D'Adamio F., Ayroldi E., Marchetti C., Tabilio A., Bruscoli S., and Riccardi C. Cloning, chromosomal assignment and tissue distribution of human GILZ, a glucocorticoid hormone-induced gene. Cell Death Differ. 8 (2001) 201-203
40. Carballo E., Cao H., Lai W.S., Kennington E.A., Campbell D., and Blackshear P.J. Decreased sensitivity of tristetraprolin-deficient cells to p38 inhibitors suggests the involvement of tristetraprolin in the p38 signaling pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 42580-42587
41. Carballo E., Lai W.S., and Blackshear P.J. Feedback inhibition of macrophage tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by tristetraprolin. Science 281 (1998) 1001-1005
42. Carballo E., Lai W.S., and Blackshear P.J. Evidence that tristetraprolin is a physiological regulator of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor messenger RNA deadenylation and stability. Blood 95 (2000) 1891-1899
43. Carrick D.M., Lai W.S., and Blackshear P.J. The tandem CCCH zinc finger protein tristetraprolin and its relevance to cytokine mRNA turnover and arthritis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 6 (2004) 248-264
44. Cassuto H., Kochan K., Chakravarty K., Cohen H., Blum B., Olswang Y., Hakimi P., Xu C., Massillon D., Hanson R.W., et al. Glucocorticoids regulate transcription of the gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the liver via an extended glucocorticoid regulatory unit. J. Biol. Chem. 280 (2005) 33873-33884
45. Cha H.H., Cram E.J., Wang E.C., Huang A.J., Kasler H.G., and Firestone G.L. Glucocorticoids stimulate p21 gene expression by targeting multiple transcriptional elements within a steroid responsive region of the p21waf1/cip1 promoter in rat hepatoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1998) 1998-2007
46. Chang C.J., Chen Y.L., and Lee S.C. Coactivator TIF1beta interacts with transcription factor C/EBPbeta and glucocorticoid receptor to induce alpha1-acid glycoprotein gene expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18 (1998) 5880-5887
47. Chang M.M., Juarez M., Hyde D.M., and Wu R. Mechanism of dexamethasone-mediated interleukin-8 gene suppression in cultured airway epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 280 (2001) L107-L115
48. Chatterjee B.E., Yona S., Rosignoli G., Young R.E., Nourshargh S., Flower R.J., and Perretti M. Annexin 1-deficient neutrophils exhibit enhanced transmigration in vivo and increased responsiveness in vitro. J. Leukoc. Biol. 78 (2005) 639-646
49. Chaudhary L.R., and Avioli L.V. Regulation of interleukin-8 gene expression by interleukin-1beta, osteotropic hormones, and protein kinase inhibitors in normal human bone marrow stromal cells. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 16591-16596
50. Chen C.L., Yull F.E., Cardwell N., Singh N., Strayhorn W.D., Nanney L.B., and Kerr L.D. RAG2-/-, I kappa B-alpha-/- chimeras display a psoriasiform skin disease. J. Invest. Dermatol. 115 (2000) 1124-1133
51. Chen L., Finnerty C., Gustafson W.C., Bush C.R., Chi P., Guo H., Luxon B., Fields A.P., and Thompson E.A. Genomic analysis of glucocorticoid-regulated promoters in murine T-lymphoma cells. Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 58 (2003) 155-174
52. Chen P., Li J., Barnes J., Kokkonen G.C., Lee J.C., and Liu Y. Restraint of proinflammatory cytokine biosynthesis by mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. J. Immunol. 169 (2002) 6408-6416
53. Chi H., Barry S.P., Roth R.J., Wu J.J., Jones E.A., Bennett A.M., and Flavell R.A. Dynamic regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines by MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) in innate immune responses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 (2006) 2274-2279
54. Chivers J.E., Gong W., King E.M., Seybold J., Mak J.C., Donnelly L.E., Holden N.S., and Newton R. Analysis of the dissociated steroid RU24858 does not exclude a role for inducible genes in the anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids. Mol. Pharmacol. 70 (2006) 2084-2095
55. Chrestensen C.A., Schroeder M.J., Shabanowitz J., Hunt D.F., Pelo J.W., Worthington M.T., and Sturgill T.W. MAPKAP kinase 2 phosphorylates tristetraprolin on in vivo sites including Ser178, a site required for 14-3-3 binding. J. Biol. Chem. 279 (2004) 10176-10184
56. Clark A.R. MAP kinase phosphatase 1: a novel mediator of biological effects of glucocorticoids?. J. Endocrinol. 178 (2003) 5-12
57. Clark A.R., Dean J.L., and Saklatvala J. Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by mitogen-activated protein kinase p38. FEBS Lett. 546 (2003) 37-44
58. Clark A.R., and Lasa M. Crosstalk between glucocorticoids and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 3 (2003) 404-411
59. Cohen N., Mouly E., Hamdi H., Maillot M.C., Pallardy M., Godot V., Capel F., Balian A., Naveau S., Galanaud P., et al. GILZ expression in human dendritic cells redirects their maturation and prevents antigen-specific T lymphocyte response. Blood 107 (2006) 2037-2044
60. Collins S., Caron M.G., and Lefkowitz R.J. Beta-adrenergic receptors in hamster smooth muscle cells are transcriptionally regulated by glucocorticoids. J. Biol. Chem. 263 (1988) 9067-9070
61. Colotta F., Re F., Muzio M., Bertini R., Polentarutti N., Sironi M., Giri J.G., Dower S.K., Sims J.E., and Mantovani A. Interleukin-1 type II receptor: a decoy target for IL-1 that is regulated by IL-4. Science 261 (1993) 472-475
62. Cram E.J., Ramos R.A., Wang E.C., Cha H.H., Nishio Y., and Firestone G.L. Role of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha transcription factor in the glucocorticoid stimulation of p21waf1/cip1 gene promoter activity in growth-arrested rat hepatoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1998) 2008-2014
63. Crosson S.M., and Roesler W.J. Hormonal regulation of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene. Role of specific CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein isoforms. J. Biol. Chem. 275 (2000) 5804-5809
64. Croxtall J.D., Gilroy D.W., Solito E., Choudhury Q., Ward B.J., Buckingham J.C., and Flower R.J. Attenuation of glucocorticoid functions in an Anx-A1-/- cell line. Biochem. J. 371 (2003) 927-935
65. D'Adamio F., Zollo O., Moraca R., Ayroldi E., Bruscoli S., Bartoli A., Cannarile L., Migliorati G., and Riccardi C. A new dexamethasone-induced gene of the leucine zipper family protects T lymphocytes from TCR/CD3-activated cell death. Immunity 7 (1997) 803-812
66. Dahlman-Wright K., Grandien K., Nilsson S., Gustafsson J.A., and Carlstedt-Duke J. Protein-protein interactions between the DNA-binding domains of nuclear receptors: influence on DNA-binding. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 45 (1993) 239-250
67. Dahlman-Wright K., Wright A., Gustafsson J.A., and Carlstedt-Duke J. Interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding domain with DNA as a dimer is mediated by a short segment of five amino acids. J. Biol. Chem. 266 (1991) 3107-3112
68. Damazo A.S., Yona S., Flower R.J., Perretti M., and Oliani S.M. Spatial and temporal profiles for anti-inflammatory gene expression in leukocytes during a resolving model of peritonitis. J. Immunol. 176 (2006) 4410-4418
69. D'Amico M., Di Filippo C., La M., Solito E., McLean P.G., Flower R.J., Oliani S.M., and Perretti M. Lipocortin 1 reduces myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by affecting local leukocyte recruitment. FASEB J. 14 (2000) 1867-1869
70. De Bosscher K., Schmitz M.L., Vanden Berghe W., Plaisance S., Fiers W., and Haegeman G. Glucocorticoid-mediated repression of nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent transcription involves direct interference with transactivation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (1997) 13504-13509
71. De Bosscher K., Vanden Berghe W., Beck I.M., Van Molle W., Hennuyer N., Hapgood J., Libert C., Staels B., Louw A., and Haegeman G. A fully dissociated compound of plant origin for inflammatory gene repression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 (2005) 15827-15832
72. de Coupade C., Solito E., and Levine J.D. Dexamethasone enhances interaction of endogenous annexin 1 with L-selectin and triggers shedding of L-selectin in the monocytic cell line U-937. Br. J. Pharmacol. 140 (2003) 133-145
73. de Jong E.C., Vieira P.L., Kalinski P., and Kapsenberg M.L. Corticosteroids inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators in immature monocyte-derived DC and induce the development of tolerogenic DC3. J. Leukoc. Biol. 66 (1999) 201-204
74. De Miguel F., Lee S.O., Onate S.A., and Gao A.C. Stat3 enhances transactivation of steroid hormone receptors. Nucl. Recept. 1 (2003) 3
75. Dean J.L., Sully G., Clark A.R., and Saklatvala J. The involvement of AU-rich element-binding proteins in p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway-mediated mRNA stabilisation. Cell. Signal. 16 (2004) 1113-1121
76. Delfino D.V., Agostini M., Spinicelli S., Vacca C., and Riccardi C. Inhibited cell death, NF-kappaB activity and increased IL-10 in TCR-triggered thymocytes of transgenic mice overexpressing the glucocorticoid-induced protein GILZ. Int. Immunopharmacol. 6 (2006) 1126-1134
77. Deroo B.J., and Archer T.K. Glucocorticoid receptor activation of the I kappa B alpha promoter within chromatin. Mol. Biol. Cell 12 (2001) 3365-3374
78. Dhawan L., Liu B., Blaxall B.C., and Taubman M.B. A novel role for the glucocorticoid receptor in the regulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA stability. J. Biol. Chem. 282 (2007) 10146-10152
79. Di Cristofano A., Niki M., Zhao M., Karnell F.G., Clarkson B., Pear W.S., Van Aelst L., and Pandolfi P.P. p62(dok), a negative regulator of Ras and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, opposes leukemogenesis by p210(bcr-abl). J. Exp. Med. 194 (2001) 275-284
80. Diamond M.I., Miner J.N., Yoshinaga S.K., and Yamamoto K.R. Transcription factor interactions: selectors of positive or negative regulation from a single DNA element. Science 249 (1990) 1266-1272
81. Dickinson R.J., and Keyse S.M. Diverse physiological functions for dual-specificity MAP kinase phosphatases. J. Cell. Sci. 119 (2006) 4607-4615
82. DiMarco B.D., Massetti M., Bruscoli S., Macchiarulo A., Virgilio R.D., Velardi E., Donato V., Migliorati G., and Riccardi C. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ)/NF-{kappa}B interaction: role of GILZ homo-dimerization and C-terminal domain. Nucleic Acids Res. 35 (2006) 517-528
83. Dong X., Bachman L.A., Kumar R., and Griffin M.D. Generation of antigen-specific, interleukin-10-producing T-cells using dendritic cell stimulation and steroid hormone conditioning. Transpl. Immunol. 11 (2003) 323-333
84. Doyle S.L., and O'Neill L.A. Toll-like receptors: from the discovery of NFkappaB to new insights into transcriptional regulations in innate immunity. Biochem. Pharmacol. 72 (2006) 1102-1113
85. Duncan G.S., Peers S.H., Carey F., Forder R., and Flower R.J. The local anti-inflammatory action of dexamethasone in the rat carrageenin oedema model is reversed by an antiserum to lipocortin 1. Br. J. Pharmacol. 108 (1993) 62-65
86. Duperrier K., Velten F.W., Bohlender J., Demory A., Metharom P., and Goerdt S. Immunosuppressive agents mediate reduced allostimulatory properties of myeloid-derived dendritic cells despite induction of divergent molecular phenotypes. Mol. Immunol. 42 (2005) 1531-1540
87. Eberhardt W., Schulze M., Engels C., Klasmeier E., and Pfeilschifter J. Glucocorticoid-mediated suppression of cytokine-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in rat mesangial cells: involvement of nuclear factor-kappaB and Ets transcription factors. Mol. Endocrinol. 16 (2002) 1752-1766
88. Eddleston J., Herschbach J., Wagelie-Steffen A.L., Christiansen S.C., and Zuraw B.L. The anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids is mediated by glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper in epithelial cells. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 119 (2007) 115-122
89. Edwards M.R., Mukaida N., Johnson M., and Johnston S.L. IL-1beta induces IL-8 in bronchial cells via NF-kappaB and NF-IL6 transcription factors and can be suppressed by glucocorticoids. Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther. 18 (2005) 337-345
90. Ehrchen J., Steinmuller L., Barczyk K., Tenbrock K., Nacken W., Eisenacher M., Nordhues U., Sorg C., Sunderkotter C., and Roth J. Glucocorticoids induce differentiation of a specifically activated, anti-inflammatory subtype of human monocytes. Blood 109 (2007) 1265-1274
91. Engelbrecht Y., de Wet H., Horsch K., Langeveldt C.R., Hough F.S., and Hulley P.A. Glucocorticoids induce rapid up-regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 and dephosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and impair proliferation in human and mouse osteoblast cell lines. Endocrinology 144 (2003) 412-422
92. Ernst S., Lange C., Wilbers A., Goebeler V., Gerke V., and Rescher U. An annexin 1 N-terminal peptide activates leukocytes by triggering different members of the formyl peptide receptor family. J. Immunol. 172 (2004) 7669-7676
93. Fan J., Curry S.L., Atasoy U.X., Becker K.G., Gorospe M., and Stellato C. Genome-scale analysis of posttranscriptional effects of glucocorticoids (GC). J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 117 (2006) S92
94. Fenger-Gron M., Fillman C., Norrild B., and Lykke-Andersen J. Multiple processing body factors and the ARE binding protein TTP activate mRNA decapping. Mol. Cell. 20 (2005) 905-915
95. Foey A.D., Parry S.L., Williams L.M., Feldmann M., Foxwell B.M., and Brennan F.M. Regulation of monocyte IL-10 synthesis by endogenous IL-1 and TNF-alpha: role of the p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases. J. Immunol. 160 (1998) 920-928
96. Franklin C.C., and Kraft A.S. Conditional expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase MKP-1 preferentially inhibits p38 MAPK and stress-activated protein kinase in U937 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 16917-16923
97. Fuller P.J., Brennan F.E., and Burgess J.S. Acute differential regulation by corticosteroids of epithelial sodium channel subunit and Nedd4 mRNA levels in the distal colon. Pflugers Arch. 441 (2000) 94-101
98. Furst R., Schroeder T., Eilken H.M., Bubik M.F., Kiemer A.K., Zahler S., and Vollmar A.M. MAPK phosphatase-1 represents a novel anti-inflammatory target of glucocorticoids in the human endothelium. FASEB J. 21 (2007) 74-80
99. Furuyama T., Kitayama K., Yamashita H., and Mori N. Forkhead transcription factor FOXO1 (FKHR)-dependent induction of PDK4 gene expression in skeletal muscle during energy deprivation. Biochem. J. 375 (2003) 365-371
100. Garside H., Stevens A., Farrow S., Normand C., Houle B., Berry A., Maschera B., and Ray D. Glucocorticoid ligands specify different interactions with NF-kappaB by allosteric effects on the glucocorticoid receptor DNA binding domain. J. Biol. Chem. 279 (2004) 50050-50059
101. Gavins F.N., Yona S., Kamal A.M., Flower R.J., and Perretti M. Leukocyte antiadhesive actions of annexin 1: ALXR- and FPR-related anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Blood 101 (2003) 4140-4147
102. Gayo A., Mozo L., Suarez A., Tunon A., Lahoz C., and Gutierrez C. Glucocorticoids increase IL-10 expression in multiple sclerosis patients with acute relapse. J. Neuroimmunol. 85 (1998) 122-130
103. 2+ signalling to membrane dynamics. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6 (2005) 449-461
104. Gille J., Reisinger K., Westphal-Varghese B., and Kaufmann R. Decreased mRNA stability as a mechanism of glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression by cultured keratinocytes. J. Invest. Dermatol. 117 (2001) 1581-1587
105. Godot V., Garcia G., Capel F., Arock M., Durand-Gasselin I., Asselin-Labat M.L., Emilie D., and Humbert M. Dexamethasone and IL-10 stimulate glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper synthesis by human mast cells. Allergy 61 (2006) 886-890
106. Goppelt-Struebe M., Rehm M., and Schaefers H.J. Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its inhibition by dexamethasone are independent of NF-kappaB/IkappaB transcription factors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 361 (2000) 636-645
107. Gotoh T., Chowdhury S., Takiguchi M., and Mori M. The glucocorticoid-responsive gene cascade. Activation of the rat arginase gene through induction of C/EBPbeta. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 3694-3698
108. Grange T., Cappabianca L., Flavin M., Sassi H., and Thomassin H. In vivo analysis of the model tyrosine aminotransferase gene reveals multiple sequential steps in glucocorticoid receptor action. Oncogene 20 (2001) 3028-3038
109. Grange T., Roux J., Rigaud G., and Pictet R. Two remote glucocorticoid responsive units interact cooperatively to promote glucocorticoid induction of rat tyrosine aminotransferase gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (1989) 8695-8709
110. Grivennikov S.I., Kuprash D.V., Liu Z.G., and Nedospasov S.A. Intracellular signals and events activated by cytokines of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily: from simple paradigms to complex mechanisms. Int. Rev. Cytol. 252 (2006) 129-161
111. Grutz G. New insights into the molecular mechanism of interleukin-10-mediated immunosuppression. J. Leukoc. Biol. 77 (2005) 3-15
112. Guhaniyogi J., and Brewer G. Regulation of mRNA stability in mammalian cells. Gene 265 (2001) 11-23
113. Guido E.C., Delorme E.O., Clemm D.L., Stein R.B., Rosen J., and Miner J.N. Determinants of promoter-specific activity by glucocorticoid receptor. Mol. Endocrinol. 10 (1996) 1178-1190
114. Gupta V., Awasthi N., and Wagner B.J. Specific activation of the glucocorticoid receptor and modulation of signal transduction pathways in human lens epithelial cells. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 48 (2007) 1724-1734
115. Hammer M., Mages J., Dietrich H., Servatius A., Howells N., Cato A.C., and Lang R. Dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) regulates a subset of LPS-induced genes and protects mice from lethal endotoxin shock. J. Exp. Med. 203 (2006) 15-20
116. Han J., Thompson P., and Beutler B. Dexamethasone and pentoxifylline inhibit endotoxin-induced cachectin/tumor necrosis factor synthesis at separate points in the signaling pathway. J. Exp. Med. 172 (1990) 391-394
117. Hancox R.J. Interactions between corticosteroids and beta2-agonists. Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol. 31 (2006) 231-246
118. Hannon R., Croxtall J.D., Getting S.J., Roviezzo F., Yona S., Paul-Clark M.J., Gavins F.N., Perretti M., Morris J.F., Buckingham J.C., et al. Aberrant inflammation and resistance to glucocorticoids in annexin 1-/- mouse. FASEB J. 17 (2003) 253-255
119. Hayhoe R.P., Kamal A.M., Solito E., Flower R.J., Cooper D., and Perretti M. Annexin 1 and its bioactive peptide inhibit neutrophil-endothelium interactions under flow: indication of distinct receptor involvement. Blood 107 (2006) 2123-2130
120. Heck S., Bender K., Kullmann M., Gottlicher M., Herrlich P., and Cato A.C. I kappaB alpha-independent downregulation of NF-kappaB activity by glucocorticoid receptor. EMBO J. 16 (1997) 4698-4707
121. Heck S., Kullmann M., Gast A., Ponta H., Rahmsdorf H.J., Herrlich P., and Cato A.C. A distinct modulating domain in glucocorticoid receptor monomers in the repression of activity of the transcription factor AP-1. EMBO J. 13 (1994) 4087-4095
122. Hench, P.S., 1950. The reversibility of certain rheumatic and non-rheumatic conditions by the use of cortisone or of the pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1950/hench-lecture.pdf.
123. Henderson B.R., and Kefford R.F. Dexamethasone decreases urokinase plasminogen activator mRNA stability in MAT 13762 rat mammary carcinoma cells. Br. J. Cancer 67 (1993) 99-101
124. Hermoso M.A., Matsuguchi T., Smoak K., and Cidlowski J.A. Glucocorticoids and tumor necrosis factor alpha cooperatively regulate toll-like receptor 2 gene expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24 (2004) 4743-4756
125. Hernandez R., Teruel T., and Lorenzo M. Insulin and dexamethasone induce GLUT4 gene expression in foetal brown adipocytes: synergistic effect through CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha. Biochem. J. 372 (2003) 617-624
126. Hiragun T., Peng Z., and Beaven M.A. Dexamethasone up-regulates the inhibitory adaptor protein Dok-1 and suppresses downstream activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in antigen-stimulated RBL-2H3 mast cells. Mol. Pharmacol. 67 (2005) 598-603
127. Hiragun T., Peng Z., and Beaven M.A. Dexamethasone negatively regulates Syk in mast cells by up-regulating SRC-like adaptor protein. J. Immunol. 177 (2006) 2047-2050
128. Hodge S., Hodge G., Flower R., and Han P. Methyl-prednisolone up-regulates monocyte interleukin-10 production in stimulated whole blood. Scand. J. Immunol. 49 (1999) 548-553
129. Hoffmann A., Leung T.H., and Baltimore D. Genetic analysis of NF-kappaB/Rel transcription factors defines functional specificities. EMBO J. 22 (2003) 5530-5539
130. Hofmann T.G., Hehner S.P., Bacher S., Droge W., and Schmitz M.L. Various glucocorticoids differ in their ability to induce gene expression, apoptosis and to repress NF-kappaB-dependent transcription. FEBS Lett. 441 (1998) 441-446
131. Hofmann T.G., and Schmitz M.L. The promoter context determines mutual repression or synergism between NF-kappaB and the glucocorticoid receptor. Biol. Chem. 383 (2002) 1947-1951
132. Horie-Inoue K., Takayama K., Bono H.U., Ouchi Y., Okazaki Y., and Inoue S. Identification of novel steroid target genes through the combination of bioinformatics and functional analysis of hormone response elements. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 339 (2006) 99-106
133. Hulley P.A., Conradie M.M., Langeveldt C.R., and Hough F.S. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in the rat is prevented by the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, sodium orthovanadate. Bone 31 (2002) 220-229
134. Imai E., Stromstedt P.E., Quinn P.G., Carlstedt-Duke J., Gustafsson J.A., and Granner D.K. Characterization of a complex glucocorticoid response unit in the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10 (1990) 4712-4719
135. Imasato A., Desbois-Mouthon C., Han J., Kai H., Cato A.C., Akira S., and Li J.D. Inhibition of p38 MAPK by glucocorticoids via induction of MAPK phosphatase-1 enhances nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae-induced expression of toll-like receptor 2. J. Biol. Chem. 277 (2002) 47444-47450
136. Ing N.H. Steroid hormones regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally by altering the stabilities of messenger RNAs. Biol. Reprod. 72 (2005) 1290-1296
137. Ip Y.T., and Davis R.J. Signal transduction by the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-from inflammation to development. Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 10 (1998) 205-219
138. Ishmael F.T., Fang X., Heller N., Fan J., Blackshear P.J., Atasoy U., Cheadle C., and Stellato C. Role of the RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP) in glucocorticoid (GC)-mediated gene regulation. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 119 (2007) S134
139. Issa R., Xie S., Khorasani N., Sukkar M., Adcock I.D., Lee K.-Y., and Chung K.F. Corticosteroid inhibition of GRO-α via mitogen-activated kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) in airway smooth muscle cells. J. Immunol. 178 (2007) 7366-7375
140. Itani O.A., Auerbach S.D., Husted R.F., Volk K.A., Ageloff S., Knepper M.A., Stokes J.B., and Thomas C.P. Glucocorticoid-stimulated lung epithelial Na(+) transport is associated with regulated ENaC and sgk1 expression. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 282 (2002) L631-L641
141. Jalonen U., Lahti A., Korhonen R., Kankaanranta H., and Moilanen E. Inhibition of tristetraprolin expression by dexamethasone in activated macrophages. Biochem. Pharmacol. 69 (2005) 733-740
142. Janka-Junttila M., Moilanen E., Hasala H., Zhang X., Adcock I., and Kankaanranta H. The glucocorticoid RU24858 does not distinguish between transrepression and transactivation in primary human eosinophils. J. Inflamm. (Lond.) 3 (2006) 10
143. Jiang X., Norman M., Roth L., and Li X. Protein-DNA array-based identification of transcription factor activities regulated by interaction with the glucocorticoid receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 279 (2004) 38480-38485
144. John C.D., Sahni V., Mehet D., Morris J.F., Christian H.C., Perretti M., Flower R.J., Solito E., and Buckingham J.C. Formyl peptide receptors and the regulation of ACTH secretion: targets for annexin A1, lipoxins, and bacterial peptides. FASEB J. (2007)
145. Kabotyanski E.B., Huetter M., Xian W., Rijnkels M., and Rosen J.M. Integration of prolactin and glucocorticoid signaling at the beta-casein promoter and enhancer by ordered recruitment of specific transcription factors and chromatin modifiers. Mol. Endocrinol. 20 (2006) 2355-2368
146. Kallwellis-Opara A., Zaho X., Zimmermann U., Unterman T.G., Walther R., and Schmoll D. Characterization of cis-elements mediating the stimulation of glucose-6-phosphate transporter promoter activity by glucocorticoids. Gene 320 (2003) 59-66
147. Kang B.N., Tirumurugaan K.G., Deshpande D.A., Amrani Y., Panettieri R.A., Walseth T.F., and Kannan M.S. Transcriptional regulation of CD38 expression by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human airway smooth muscle cells: role of NF-kappaB and sensitivity to glucocorticoids. FASEB J. 20 (2006) 1000-1002
148. Karagiannidis C., Akdis M., Holopainen P., Woolley N.J., Hense G., Ruckert B., Mantel P.Y., Menz G., Akdis C.A., Blaser K., et al. Glucocorticoids upregulate FOXP3 expression and regulatory T cells in asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 114 (2004) 1425-1433
149. Kassel O., and Cato A.C. Mast cells as targets for glucocorticoids in the treatment of allergic disorders. Ernst Schering Res. Found. Workshop 40 (2002) 153-176
150. Kassel O., Sancono A., Kratzschmar J., Kreft B., Stassen M., and Cato A.C. Glucocorticoids inhibit MAP kinase via increased expression and decreased degradation of MKP-1. EMBO J. 20 (2001) 7108-7116
151. Klement J.F., Rice N.R., Car B.D., Abbondanzo S.J., Powers G.D., Bhatt P.H., Chen C.H., Rosen C.A., and Stewart C.L. IkappaBalpha deficiency results in a sustained NF-kappaB response and severe widespread dermatitis in mice. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (1996) 2341-2349
152. Kontoyiannis D., Pasparakis M., Pizarro T.T., Cominelli F., and Kollias G. Impaired on/off regulation of TNF biosynthesis in mice lacking TNF AU-rich elements: implications for joint and gut-associated immunopathologies. Immunity 10 (1999) 387-398
153. Koprak S., Staruch M.J., and Dumont F.J. A specific inhibitor of the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase affects differentially the production of various cytokines by activated human T cells: dependence on CD28 signaling and preferential inhibition of IL-10 production. Cell. Immunol. 192 (1999) 87-95
154. Kordula T., and Travis J. The role of Stat and C/EBP transcription factors in the synergistic activation of rat serine protease inhibitor-3 gene by interleukin-6 and dexamethasone. Biochem. J. 313 (1996) 1019-1027
155. Korhonen R., Lahti A., Hamalainen M., Kankaanranta H., and Moilanen E. Dexamethasone inhibits inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production by destabilizing mRNA in lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages. Mol. Pharmacol. 62 (2002) 698-704
156. Kracht M., and Saklatvala J. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of gene expression in inflammation. Cytokine 20 (2002) 91-106
157. Kurata S., and Yamamoto N. Glucocorticoid can reduce the transcriptional activation of HIV-1 promoter through the reduction of active NF-kappaB. J. Cell. Biochem. 76 (1999) 13-19
158. Kurokouchi K., Kambe F., Kikumori T., Sakai T., Sarkar D., Ishiguro N., Iwata H., and Seo H. Effects of glucocorticoids on tumor necrosis factor alpha-dependent activation of nuclear factor kappaB and expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 gene in osteoblast-like ROS17/2.8 cells. J. Bone Miner. Res. 15 (2000) 1707-1715
159. Kwon H.S., Huang B., Unterman T.G., and Harris R.A. Protein kinase B-alpha inhibits human pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 gene induction by dexamethasone through inactivation of FOXO transcription factors. Diabetes 53 (2004) 899-910
160. Kwon O.J., Au B.T., Collins P.D., Baraniuk J.N., Adcock I.M., Chung K.F., and Barnes P.J. Inhibition of interleukin-8 expression by dexamethasone in human cultured airway epithelial cells. Immunology 81 (1994) 389-394
161. Lang R., Hammer M., and Mages J. DUSP meet immunology: dual specificity MAPK phosphatases in control of the inflammatory response. J. Immunol. 177 (2006) 7497-7504
162. Lasa M., Abraham S.M., Boucheron C., Saklatvala J., and Clark A.R. Dexamethasone causes sustained expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase 1 and phosphatase-mediated inhibition of MAPK p38. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (2002) 7802-7811
163. Lasa M., Brook M., Saklatvala J., and Clark A.R. Dexamethasone destabilizes cyclooxygenase 2 mRNA by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase p38. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 (2001) 771-780
164. Lechner J., Welte T., and Doppler W. Mechanism of interaction between the glucocorticoid receptor and Stat5: role of DNA-binding. Immunobiology 198 (1997) 112-123
165. Leclerc N., Luppen C.A., Ho V.V., Nagpal S., Hacia J.G., Smith E., and Frenkel B. Gene expression profiling of glucocorticoid-inhibited osteoblasts. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 33 (2004) 175-193
166. Lee S.W., Tsou A.P., Chan H., Thomas J., Petrie K., Eugui E.M., and Allison A.C. Glucocorticoids selectively inhibit the transcription of the interleukin 1 beta gene and decrease the stability of interleukin 1 beta mRNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (1988) 1204-1208
167. Lerner L., Henriksen M.A., Zhang X., and Darnell Jr. J.E. STAT3-dependent enhanceosome assembly and disassembly: synergy with GR for full transcriptional increase of the alpha 2-macroglobulin gene. Genes Dev. 17 (2003) 2564-2577
168. Leung T.H., Hoffmann A., and Baltimore D. One nucleotide in a kappaB site can determine cofactor specificity for NF-kappaB dimers. Cell 118 (2004) 453-464
169. Li L.B., Leung D.Y., Hall C.F., and Goleva E. Divergent expression and function of glucocorticoid receptor {beta} in human monocytes and T cells. J. Leukoc. Biol. 79 (2006) 818-827
170. Liden J., Rafter I., Truss M., Gustafsson J.A., and Okret S. Glucocorticoid effects on NF-kappaB binding in the transcription of the ICAM-1 gene. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 273 (2000) 1008-1014
171. Lim L.H., and Pervaiz S. Annexin 1: the new face of an old molecule. FASEB J. 21 (2007) 968-975
172. Liu J., Zhu X., Myo S., Lambertino A.T., Xu C., Boetticher E., Munoz N.M., Sano M., Cordoba M., Learoyd J., et al. Glucocorticoid-induced surface expression of annexin 1 blocks beta2-integrin adhesion of human eosinophils to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 surrogate protein. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 115 (2005) 493-500
173. Liu Y., Shepherd E.G., and Nelin L.D. MAPK phosphatases-regulating the immune response. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 7 (2007) 202-212
174. Luecke H.F., and Yamamoto K.R. The glucocorticoid receptor blocks P-TEFb recruitment by NFkappaB to effect promoter-specific transcriptional repression. Genes Dev. 19 (2005) 1116-1127
175. Lykke-Andersen J., and Wagner E. Recruitment and activation of mRNA decay enzymes by two ARE-mediated decay activation domains in the proteins TTP and BRF-1. Genes Dev. 19 (2005) 351-361
176. Ma W., Gee K., Lim W., Chambers K., Angel J.B., Kozlowski M., and Kumar A. Dexamethasone inhibits IL-12p40 production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytic cells by down-regulating the activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, the activation protein-1, and NF-kappa B transcription factors. J. Immunol. 172 (2004) 318-330
177. Ma W., Lim W., Gee K., Aucoin S., Nandan D., Kozlowski M., Diaz-Mitoma F., and Kumar A. The p38 mitogen-activated kinase pathway regulates the human interleukin-10 promoter via the activation of Sp1 transcription factor in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human macrophages. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 13664-13674
178. Mak J.C., Nishikawa M., and Barnes P.J. Glucocorticosteroids increase beta 2-adrenergic receptor transcription in human lung. Am. J. Physiol. 268 (1995) L41-L46
179. Manoli I., Le H., Alesci S., McFann K.K., Su Y.A., Kino T., Chrousos G.P., and Blackman M.R. Monoamine oxidase-A is a major target gene for glucocorticoids in human skeletal muscle cells. FASEB J. 19 (2005) 1359-1361
180. Marchant A., Amraoui Z., Gueydan C., Bruyns C., Le Moine O., Vandenabeele P., Fiers W., Buurman W.A., and Goldman M. Methylprednisolone differentially regulates IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) production during murine endotoxaemia. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 106 (1996) 91-96
181. Marinovic A.C., Zheng B., Mitch W.E., and Price S.R. Ubiquitin (UbC) expression in muscle cells is increased by glucocorticoids through a mechanism involving Sp1 and MEK1. J. Biol. Chem. 277 (2002) 16673-16681
182. Matsuno F., Chowdhury S., Gotoh T., Iwase K., Matsuzaki H., Takatsuki K., Mori M., and Takiguchi M. Induction of the C/EBP beta gene by dexamethasone and glucagon in primary-cultured rat hepatocytes. J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 119 (1996) 524-532
183. Matyszak M.K., Citterio S., Rescigno M., and Ricciardi-Castagnoli P. Differential effects of corticosteroids during different stages of dendritic cell maturation. Eur. J. Immunol. 30 (2000) 1233-1242
184. Michel S.L., Guerrerio A.L., and Berg J.M. Selective RNA binding by a single CCCH zinc-binding domain from Nup475 (Tristetraprolin). Biochemistry 42 (2003) 4626-4630
185. Mitchell J., Noisin E., Hall R., O'Brien R., Imai E., and Granner D. Integration of multiple signals through a complex hormone response unit in the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene promoter. Mol. Endocrinol. 8 (1994) 585-594
186. Mittelstadt P.R., and Ashwell J.D. Inhibition of AP-1 by the glucocorticoid-inducible protein GILZ. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 29603-29610
187. Morin B., Zhu C., Woodcock G.R., Li M., Woodward R.N., Nichols L.A., and Holland L.J. The binding site for Xenopus glucocorticoid receptor accessory factor and a single adjacent half-GRE form an independent glucocorticoid response unit. Biochemistry 39 (2000) 12234-12242
188. Mozo L., Suarez A., and Gutierrez C. Glucocorticoids up-regulate constitutive interleukin-10 production by human monocytes. Clin. Exp. Allergy 34 (2004) 406-412
189. Mukaida N., Morita M., Ishikawa Y., Rice N., Okamoto S., Kasahara T., and Matsushima K. Novel mechanism of glucocorticoid-mediated gene repression. Nuclear factor-kappa B is target for glucocorticoid-mediated interleukin 8 gene repression. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 13289-13295
190. Mukaida N., Zachariae C.C., Gusella G.L., and Matsushima K. Dexamethasone inhibits the induction of monocyte chemotactic-activating factor production by IL-1 or tumor necrosis factor. J. Immunol. 146 (1991) 1212-1215
191. Mullick J., Anandatheerthavarada H.K., Amuthan G., Bhagwat S.V., Biswas G., Camasamudram V., Bhat N.K., Reddy S.E., Rao V., and Avadhani N.G. Physical interaction and functional synergy between glucocorticoid receptor and Ets2 proteins for transcription activation of the rat cytochrome P-450c27 promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 18007-18017
192. Nakae J., Kitamura T., Silver D.L., and Accili D. The forkhead transcription factor Foxo1 (Fkhr) confers insulin sensitivity onto glucose-6-phosphatase expression. J. Clin. Invest. 108 (2001) 1359-1367
193. Neumann D., Kollewe C., Martin M.U., and Boraschi D. The membrane form of the type II IL-1 receptor accounts for inhibitory function. J. Immunol. 165 (2000) 3350-3357
194. Newton R. Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action: what is important?. Thorax 55 (2000) 603-613
195. Newton R., Seybold J., Kuitert L.M., Bergmann M., and Barnes P.J. Repression of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2 release by dexamethasone occurs by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms involving loss of polyadenylated mRNA. J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1998) 32312-32321
196. Nimah M., Zhao B., Denenberg A.G., Bueno O., Molkentin J., Wong H.R., and Shanley T.P. Contribution of MKP-1 regulation of p38 to endotoxin tolerance. Shock 23 (2005) 80-87
197. Nishio Y., Isshiki H., Kishimoto T., and Akira S. A nuclear factor for interleukin-6 expression (NF-IL6) and the glucocorticoid receptor synergistically activate transcription of the rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein gene via direct protein-protein interaction. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (1993) 1854-1862
198. Nissen R.M., and Yamamoto K.R. The glucocorticoid receptor inhibits NFkappaB by interfering with serine-2 phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II carboxy-terminal domain. Genes Dev. 14 (2000) 2314-2329
199. Ogawa S., Lozach J., Benner C., Pascual G., Tangirala R.K., Westin S., Hoffmann A., Subramaniam S., David M., Rosenfeld M.G., et al. Molecular determinants of crosstalk between nuclear receptors and toll-like receptors. Cell 122 (2005) 707-721
200. Ogilvie R.L., Abelson M., Hau H.H., Vlasova I., Blackshear P.J., and Bohjanen P.R. Tristetraprolin down-regulates IL-2 gene expression through AU-rich element-mediated mRNA decay. J. Immunol. 174 (2005) 953-961
201. Onda K., Nagashima M., Kawakubo Y., Inoue S., Hirano T., and Oka K. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK-1/ERK) inhibitors sensitize reduced glucocorticoid response mediated by TNFalpha in human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 351 (2006) 266-272
202. Ono K., and Han J. The p38 signal transduction pathway: activation and function. Cell. Signal. 12 (2000) 1-13
203. Ou X.M., Chen K., and Shih J.C. Glucocorticoid and androgen activation of monoamine oxidase A is regulated differently by R1 and Sp1. J. Biol. Chem. 281 (2006) 21512-21525
204. Parente L., and Solito E. Annexin 1: more than an anti-phospholipase protein. Inflamm. Res. 53 (2004) 125-132
205. Penner G., Gang G., Sun X., Wray C., and Hasselgren P.O. C/EBP DNA-binding activity is upregulated by a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism in septic muscle. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 282 (2002) R439-R444
206. Peppel K., Vinci J.M., and Baglioni C. The AU-rich sequences in the 3′ untranslated region mediate the increased turnover of interferon mRNA induced by glucocorticoids. J. Exp. Med. 173 (1991) 349-355
207. Perretti M., and Gavins F.N. Annexin 1: an endogenous anti-inflammatory protein. News Physiol. Sci. 18 (2003) 60-64
208. Perretti M., Getting S.J., Solito E., Murphy P.M., and Gao J.L. Involvement of the receptor for formylated peptides in the in vivo anti-migratory actions of annexin 1 and its mimetics. Am. J. Pathol. 158 (2001) 1969-1973
209. Phillips J.E., Gersbach C.A., Wojtowicz A.M., and Garcia A.J. Glucocorticoid-induced osteogenesis is negatively regulated by Runx2/Cbfa1 serine phosphorylation. J. Cell. Sci. 119 (2006) 581-591
210. Phillips K., Kedersha N., Shen L., Blackshear P.J., and Anderson P. Arthritis suppressor genes TIA-1 and TTP dampen the expression of tumor necrosis factor {alpha}, cyclooxygenase 2, and inflammatory arthritis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (2004) 2011-2016
211. Piemonti L., Monti P., Allavena P., Sironi M., Soldini L., Leone B.E., Socci C., and Di Carlo V. Glucocorticoids affect human dendritic cell differentiation and maturation. J. Immunol. 162 (1999) 6473-6481
212. Poon M., Liu B., and Taubman M.B. Identification of a novel dexamethasone-sensitive RNA-destabilizing region on rat monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 mRNA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (1999) 6471-6478
213. Pousset F., Cremona S., Dantzer R., Kelley K.W., and Parnet P. Dexamethasone up-regulates type II IL-1 receptor in mouse primary activated astrocytes. J. Neurochem. 76 (2001) 901-909
214. Pruett S.B., Fan R., and Zheng Q. Characterization of glucocorticoid receptor translocation, cytoplasmic IkappaB, nuclear NFkappaB, and activation of NFkappaB in T lymphocytes exposed to stress-inducible concentrations of corticosterone in vivo. Int. Immunopharmacol. 3 (2003) 1-16
215. Quan N., He L., Lai W., Shen T., and Herkenham M. Induction of IkappaBalpha mRNA expression in the brain by glucocorticoids: a negative feedback mechanism for immune-to-brain signaling. J. Neurosci. 20 (2000) 6473-6477
216. Ramdas J., and Harmon J.M. Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and regulation of NF-kappaB activity in human leukemic T cells. Endocrinology 139 (1998) 3813-3821
217. Ramos R.A., Nishio Y., Maiyar A.C., Simon K.E., Ridder C.C., Ge Y., and Firestone G.L. Glucocorticoid-stimulated CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha expression is required for steroid-induced G1 cell cycle arrest of minimal-deviation rat hepatoma cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (1996) 5288-5301
218. Ray K.P., Farrow S., Daly M., Talabot F., and Searle N. Induction of the E-selectin promoter by interleukin 1 and tumour necrosis factor alpha, and inhibition by glucocorticoids. Biochem. J. 328 Pt 2 (1997) 707-715
219. Rea D., van Kooten C., van Meijgaarden K.E., Ottenhoff T.H., Melief C.J., and Offringa R. Glucocorticoids transform CD40-triggering of dendritic cells into an alternative activation pathway resulting in antigen-presenting cells that secrete IL-10. Blood 95 (2000) 3162-3167
220. Reichardt H.M., Kaestner K.H., Tuckermann J., Kretz O., Wessely O., Bock R., Gass P., Schmid W., Herrlich P., Angel P., et al. DNA binding of the glucocorticoid receptor is not essential for survival. Cell 93 (1998) 531-541
221. Reichardt H.M., Tuckermann J.P., Gottlicher M., Vujic M., Weih F., Angel P., Herrlich P., and Schutz G. Repression of inflammatory responses in the absence of DNA binding by the glucocorticoid receptor. EMBO J. 20 (2001) 7168-7173
222. Rhen T., and Cidlowski J.A. Antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids-new mechanisms for old drugs. N. Engl. J. Med. 353 (2005) 1711-1723
223. Riccardi C., Bruscoli S., Ayroldi E., Agostini M., and Migliorati G. GILZ, a glucocorticoid hormone induced gene, modulates T lymphocytes activation and death through interaction with NF-kB. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 495 (2001) 31-39
224. Ristimaki A., Narko K., and Hla T. Down-regulation of cytokine-induced cyclo-oxygenase-2 transcript isoforms by dexamethasone: evidence for post-transcriptional regulation. Biochem. J. 318 (1996) 325-331
225. Rogatsky I., and Ivashkiv L.B. Glucocorticoid modulation of cytokine signaling. Tissue Antigens 68 (2006) 1-12
226. Rogatsky I., Wang J.C., Derynck M.K., Nonaka D.F., Khodabakhsh D.B., Haqq C.M., Darimont B.D., Garabedian M.J., and Yamamoto K.R. Target-specific utilization of transcriptional regulatory surfaces by the glucocorticoid receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (2003) 13845-13850
227. Rosen J.M., Zahnow C., Kazansky A., and Raught B. Composite response elements mediate hormonal and developmental regulation of milk protein gene expression. Biochem. Soc. Symp. 63 (1998) 101-113
228. Rosen J., and Miner J.N. The search for safer glucocorticoid receptor ligands. Endocr. Rev. 26 (2005) 452-464
229. Roux J., Pictet R., and Grange T. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 determines the amplitude of the glucocorticoid response of the rat tyrosine aminotransferase gene. DNA Cell. Biol. 14 (1995) 385-396
230. Rozkova D., Horvath R., Bartunkova J., and Spisek R. Glucocorticoids severely impair differentiation and antigen presenting function of dendritic cells despite upregulation of Toll-like receptors. Clin. Immunol. 120 (2006) 260-271
231. Saccani S., Pantano S., and Natoli G. p38-Dependent marking of inflammatory genes for increased NF-kappa B recruitment. Nat. Immunol. 3 (2002) 69-75
232. Salojin K.V., Owusu I.B., Millerchip K.A., Potter M., Platt K.A., and Oravecz T. Essential role of MAPK phosphatase-1 in the negative control of innate immune responses. J. Immunol. 176 (2006) 1899-1907
233. Sassi H., Pictet R., and Grange T. Glucocorticoids are insufficient for neonatal gene induction in the liver. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (1998) 5621-5625
234. Savoldi G., Fenaroli A., Ferrari F., Rigaud G., Albertini A., and Di Lorenzo D. The glucocorticoid receptor regulates the binding of C/EPBbeta on the alpha-1-acid glycoprotein promoter in vivo. DNA Cell. Biol. 16 (1997) 1467-1476
235. Sayegh R., Auerbach S.D., Li X., Loftus R.W., Husted R.F., Stokes J.B., and Thomas C.P. Glucocorticoid induction of epithelial sodium channel expression in lung and renal epithelia occurs via trans-activation of a hormone response element in the 5′-flanking region of the human epithelial sodium channel alpha subunit gene. J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999) 12431-12437
236. Schacke H., Docke W.D., and Asadullah K. Mechanisms involved in the side effects of glucocorticoids. Pharmacol. Ther. 96 (2002) 23-43
237. Schacke H., Rehwinkel H., and Asadullah K. Dissociated glucocorticoid receptor ligands: compounds with an improved therapeutic index. Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs 6 (2005) 503-507
238. Scheinman R.I., Cogswell P.C., Lofquist A.K., and Baldwin Jr. A.S. Role of transcriptional activation of I kappa B alpha in mediation of immunosuppression by glucocorticoids. Science 270 (1995) 283-286
239. Scheinman R.I., Gualberto A., Jewell C.M., Cidlowski J.A., and Baldwin Jr. A.S. Characterization of mechanisms involved in transrepression of NF-kappa B by activated glucocorticoid receptors. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (1995) 943-953
240. Schleimer R.P. Glucocorticoids suppress inflammation but spare innate immune responses in airway epithelium. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 1 (2004) 222-230
241. Shames B.D., Meldrum D.R., Selzman C.H., Pulido E.J., Cain B.S., Banerjee A., Harken A.H., and Meng X. Increased levels of myocardial IkappaB-alpha protein promote tolerance to endotoxin. Am. J. Physiol. 275 (1998) H1084-H1091
242. Shi X.M., Blair H.C., Yang X., McDonald J.M., and Cao X. Tandem repeat of C/EBP binding sites mediates PPARgamma2 gene transcription in glucocorticoid-induced adipocyte differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 76 (2000) 518-527
243. Smoak K., and Cidlowski J.A. Glucocorticoids regulate tristetraprolin synthesis and posttranscriptionally regulate tumor necrosis factor alpha inflammatory signaling. Mol. Cell. Biol. 26 (2006) 9126-9135
244. Solito E., Mulla A., Morris J.F., Christian H.C., Flower R.J., and Buckingham J.C. Dexamethasone induces rapid serine-phosphorylation and membrane translocation of annexin 1 in a human folliculostellate cell line via a novel nongenomic mechanism involving the glucocorticoid receptor, protein kinase C, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Endocrinology 144 (2003) 1164-1174
245. Sosinowski T., Pandey A., Dixit V.M., and Weiss A. Src-like adaptor protein (SLAP) is a negative regulator of T cell receptor signaling. J. Exp. Med. 191 (2000) 463-474
246. Soundararajan R., Zhang T.T., Wang J., Vandewalle A., and Pearce D. A novel role for glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper protein in epithelial sodium channel-mediated sodium transport. J. Biol. Chem. 280 (2005) 39970-39981
247. Stafford J.M., Wilkinson J.C., Beechem J.M., and Granner D.K. Accessory factors facilitate the binding of glucocorticoid receptor to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 39885-39891
248. Staples K.J., Bergmann M.W., Barnes P.J., and Newton R. Evidence for post-transcriptional regulation of interleukin-5 by dexamethasone. Immunology 109 (2003) 527-535
249. Stellato C. Post-transcriptional and nongenomic effects of glucocorticoids. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 1 (2004) 255-263
250. Stellato C., Matsukura S., Fal A., White J., Beck L.A., Proud D., and Schleimer R.P. Differential regulation of epithelial-derived C-C chemokine expression by IL-4 and the glucocorticoid budesonide. J. Immunol. 163 (1999) 5624-5632
251. Stelmach I., Jerzynska J., and Kuna P. A randomized, double-blind trial of the effect of glucocorticoid, antileukotriene and beta-agonist treatment on IL-10 serum levels in children with asthma. Clin. Exp. Allergy 32 (2002) 264-269
252. Stocklin E., Wissler M., Gouilleux F., and Groner B. Functional interactions between Stat5 and the glucocorticoid receptor. Nature 383 (1996) 726-728
253. Stoecklin E., Wissler M., Schaetzle D., Pfitzner E., and Groner B. Interactions in the transcriptional regulation exerted by Stat5 and by members of the steroid hormone receptor family. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 69 (1999) 195-204
254. Stoecklin G., Stubbs T., Kedersha N., Wax S., Rigby W.F., Blackwell T.K., and Anderson P. MK2-induced tristetraprolin: 14-3-3 complexes prevent stress granule association and ARE-mRNA decay. EMBO J. 23 (2004) 1313-1324
255. Stojadinovic O., Lee B., Vouthounis C., Vukelic S., Pastar I., Blumenberg M., Brem H., and Tomic-Canic M. Novel genomic effects of glucocorticoids in epidermal keratinocytes: inhibition of apoptosis, IFNgamma pathway and wound healing along with promotion of terminal differentiation. J. Biol. Chem 232 (2007) 4021-4034
256. Stokes J.B., and Sigmund R.D. Regulation of rENaC mRNA by dietary NaCl and steroids: organ, tissue, and steroid heterogeneity. Am. J. Physiol. 274 (1998) C1699-C1707
257. Strahle U., Schmid W., and Schutz G. Synergistic action of the glucocorticoid receptor with transcription factors. EMBO J. 7 (1988) 3389-3395
258. Subramaniam N., Campion J., Rafter I., and Okret S. Cross-talk between glucocorticoid and retinoic acid signals involving glucocorticoid receptor interaction with the homoeodomain protein Pbx1. Biochem. J. 370 (2003) 1087-1095
259. Swantek J.L., Cobb M.H., and Geppert T.D. Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) is required for lipopolysaccharide stimulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) translation: glucocorticoids inhibit TNF-alpha translation by blocking JNK/SAPK. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (1997) 6274-6282
260. Tabardel Y., Duchateau J., Schmartz D., Marecaux G., Shahla M., Barvais L., Leclerc J.L., and Vincent J.L. Corticosteroids increase blood interleukin-10 levels during cardiopulmonary bypass in men. Surgery 119 (1996) 76-80
261. Takeda T., Kurachi H., Yamamoto T., Nishio Y., Nakatsuji Y., Morishige K., Miyake A., and Murata Y. Crosstalk between the interleukin-6 (IL-6)-JAK-STAT and the glucocorticoid-nuclear receptor pathway: synergistic activation of IL-6 response element by IL-6 and glucocorticoid. J. Endocrinol. 159 (1998) 323-330
262. Taylor G.A., Carballo E., Lee D.M., Lai W.S., Thompson M.J., Patel D.D., Schenkman D.I., Gilkeson G.S., Broxmeyer H.E., Haynes B.F., et al. A pathogenetic role for TNF alpha in the syndrome of cachexia, arthritis, and autoimmunity resulting from tristetraprolin (TTP) deficiency. Immunity 4 (1996) 445-454
263. Theodosiou A., and Ashworth A. MAP kinase phosphatases. Genome Biol. 3 (2002) (REVIEWS3009)
264. Thiele K., Bierhaus A., Autschbach F., Hofmann M., Stremmel W., Thiele H., Ziegler R., and Nawroth P.P. Cell specific effects of glucocorticoid treatment on the NF-kappaBp65/IkappaBalpha system in patients with Crohn's disease. Gut 45 (1999) 693-704
265. Tobler A., Meier R., Seitz M., Dewald B., Baggiolini M., and Fey M.F. Glucocorticoids downregulate gene expression of GM-CSF, NAP-1/IL-8, and IL-6, but not of M-CSF in human fibroblasts. Blood 79 (1992) 45-51
266. Toh M.L., Yang Y., Leech M., Santos L., and Morand E.F. Expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1, a negative regulator of the mitogen-activated protein kinases, in rheumatoid arthritis: up-regulation by interleukin-1beta and glucocorticoids. Arthritis Rheum. 50 (2004) 3118-3128
267. Tran T., Fernandes D.J., Schuliga M., Harris T., Landells L., and Stewart A.G. Stimulus-dependent glucocorticoid-resistance of GM-CSF production in human cultured airway smooth muscle. Br. J. Pharmacol. 145 (2005) 123-131
268. Tronche F., Opherk C., Moriggl R., Kellendonk C., Reimann A., Schwake L., Reichardt H.M., Stangl K., Gau D., Hoeflich A., et al. Glucocorticoid receptor function in hepatocytes is essential to promote postnatal body growth. Genes Dev. 18 (2004) 492-497
269. Tseng Y.T., Stabila J.P., Nguyen T.T., McGonnigal B.G., Waschek J.A., and Padbury J.F. A novel glucocorticoid regulatory unit mediates the hormone responsiveness of the beta1-adrenergic receptor gene. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 181 (2001) 165-178
270. Tuckermann J.P., Reichardt H.M., Arribas R., Richter K.H., Schutz G., and Angel P. The DNA binding-independent function of the glucocorticoid receptor mediates repression of AP-1-dependent genes in skin. J. Cell. Biol. 147 (1999) 1365-1370
271. Vanden Berghe W., Francesconi E., De Bosscher K., Resche-Rigon M., and Haegeman G. Dissociated glucocorticoids with anti-inflammatory potential repress interleukin-6 gene expression by a nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent mechanism. Mol. Pharmacol. 56 (1999) 797-806
272. Vayssiere B.M., Dupont S., Choquart A., Petit F., Garcia T., Marchandeau C., Gronemeyer H., and Resche-Rigon M. Synthetic glucocorticoids that dissociate transactivation and AP-1 transrepression exhibit antiinflammatory activity in vivo. Mol. Endocrinol. 11 (1997) 1245-1255
273. Verhoef C.M., van Roon J.A., Vianen M.E., Lafeber F.P., and Bijlsma J.W. The immune suppressive effect of dexamethasone in rheumatoid arthritis is accompanied by upregulation of interleukin 10 and by differential changes in interferon gamma and interleukin 4 production. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 58 (1999) 49-54
274. Vermeulen L., De Wilde G., Damme P.V., Vanden Berghe W., and Haegeman G. Transcriptional activation of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit by mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (MSK1). EMBO J. 22 (2003) 1313-1324
275. Vital A.L., Goncalo M., Cruz M.T., Figueiredo A., Duarte C.B., and Lopes M.C. Dexamethasone prevents granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activation, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production in a skin dendritic cell line. Mediators Inflamm. 12 (2003) 71-78
276. Wadgaonkar R., Pierce J.W., Somnay K., Damico R.L., Crow M.T., Collins T., and Garcia J.G. Regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 kinase pathways in endothelial cells. Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 31 (2004) 423-431
277. Walther A., Riehemann K., and Gerke V. A novel ligand of the formyl peptide receptor: annexin I regulates neutrophil extravasation by interacting with the FPR. Mol. Cell. 5 (2000) 831-840
278. Wang J.C., Derynck M.K., Nonaka D.F., Khodabakhsh D.B., Haqq C., and Yamamoto K.R. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) scanning identifies primary glucocorticoid receptor target genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (2004) 15603-15608
279. Warne J.P., John C.D., Christian H.C., Morris J.F., Flower R.J., Sugden D., Solito E., Gillies G.E., and Buckingham J.C. Gene deletion reveals roles for annexin A1 in the regulation of lipolysis and IL-6 release in epididymal adipose tissue. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 291 (2006) E1264-E1273
280. Williams L.M., Ricchetti G., Sarma U., Smallie T., and Foxwell B.M. Interleukin-10 suppression of myeloid cell activation-a continuing puzzle. Immunology 113 (2004) 281-292
281. Wilusz C.J., Wormington M., and Peltz S.W. The cap-to-tail guide to mRNA turnover. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2 (2001) 237-246
282. Wiper-Bergeron N., Wu D., Pope L., Schild-Poulter C., and Hache R.J. Stimulation of preadipocyte differentiation by steroid through targeting of an HDAC1 complex. EMBO J. 22 (2003) 2135-2145
283. Wissink S., van Heerde E.C., vand der Burg B., and van der Saag P.T. A dual mechanism mediates repression of NF-kappaB activity by glucocorticoids. Mol. Endocrinol. 12 (1998) 355-363
284. Worthington M.T., Pelo J.W., Sachedina M.A., Applegate J.L., Arseneau K.O., and Pizarro T.T. RNA binding properties of the AU-rich element-binding recombinant Nup475/TIS11/tristetraprolin protein. J. Biol. Chem. 277 (2002) 48558-48564
285. Wu W., Chaudhuri S., Brickley D.R., Pang D., Karrison T., and Conzen S.D. Microarray analysis reveals glucocorticoid-regulated survival genes that are associated with inhibition of apoptosis in breast epithelial cells. Cancer Res. 64 (2004) 1757-1764
286. Wu W., Pew T., Zou M., Pang D., and Conzen S.D. Glucocorticoid receptor-induced MAPK phosphatase-1 (MPK-1) expression inhibits paclitaxel-associated MAPK activation and contributes to breast cancer cell survival. J. Biol. Chem. 280 (2005) 4117-4124
287. Wu W., Zou M., Brickley D.R., Pew T., and Conzen S.D. Glucocorticoid receptor activation signals through forkhead transcription factor 3a in breast cancer cells. Mol. Endocrinol. 20 (2006) 2304-2314
288. Wu J.J., Roth R.J., Anderson E.J., Hong E.-G., Lee M.-K., Choi C.S., Neufer P.D., Shulman G.I., Kim J.K., and Bennett A.M. Mice lacking MAP kinase phosphatase-1 have enhanced MAP kinase activity and resistance to diet-induced obesity. Cell Metab. 4 (2006) 61-73
289. Wyszomierski S.L., and Rosen J.M. Cooperative effects of STAT5 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5) and C/EBPbeta (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-beta) on beta-casein gene transcription are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor. Mol. Endocrinol. 15 (2001) 228-240
290. Yamada K., Duong D.T., Scott D.K., Wang J.C., and Granner D.K. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta is an accessory factor for the glucocorticoid response from the cAMP response element in the rat phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene promoter. J. Biol. Chem. 274 (1999) 5880-5887
291. Yamanashi Y., Tamura T., Kanamori T., Yamane H., Nariuchi H., Yamamoto T., and Baltimore D. Role of the rasGAP-associated docking protein p62(dok) in negative regulation of B cell receptor-mediated signaling. Genes Dev. 14 (2000) 11-16
292. Yang H., Mammen J., Wei W., Menconi M., Evenson A., Fareed M., Petkova V., and Hasselgren P.O. Expression and activity of C/EBPbeta and delta are upregulated by dexamethasone in skeletal muscle. J. Cell. Physiol. 204 (2005) 219-226
293. Yang Y.H., Morand E.F., Getting S.J., Paul-Clark M., Liu D.L., Yona S., Hannon R., Buckingham J.C., Perretti M., and Flower R.J. Modulation of inflammation and response to dexamethasone by Annexin 1 in antigen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 50 (2004) 976-984
294. Yang Y.H., Toh M.L., Clyne C.D., Leech M., Aeberli D., Xue J., Dacumos A., Sharma L., and Morand E.F. Annexin 1 negatively regulates IL-6 expression via effects on p38 MAPK and MAPK phosphatase-1. J. Immunol. 177 (2006) 8148-8153
295. Yang Y., Hutchinson P., and Morand E.F. Inhibitory effect of annexin I on synovial inflammation in rat adjuvant arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 42 (1999) 1538-1544
296. Yeagley D., Guo S., Unterman T., and Quinn P.G. Gene- and activation-specific mechanisms for insulin inhibition of basal and glucocorticoid-induced insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase transcription. Roles of forkhead and insulin response sequences. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 33705-33710
297. Yona S., Buckingham J.C., Perretti M., and Flower R.J. Stimulus-specific defect in the phagocytic pathways of annexin 1 null macrophages. Br. J. Pharmacol. 142 (2004) 890-898
298. Yona S., Ward B., Buckingham J.C., Perretti M., and Flower R.J. Macrophage biology in the Anx-A1-/- mouse. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 72 (2005) 95-103
299. Zhang Z., Jones S., Hagood J.S., Fuentes N.L., and Fuller G.M. STAT3 acts as a co-activator of glucocorticoid receptor signaling. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 30607-30610
300. Zhao Q., Shepherd E.G., Manson M.E., Nelin L.D., Sorokin A., and Liu Y. The role of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 in the response of alveolar macrophages to lipopolysaccharide: attenuation of proinflammatory cytokine biosynthesis via feedback control of p38. J. Biol. Chem. 280 (2005) 8101-8108
301. Zhao Q., Wang X., Nelin L.D., Yao Y., Matta R., Manson M.E., Baliga R.S., Meng X., Smith C.V., Bauer J.A., et al. MAP kinase phosphatase 1 controls innate immune responses and suppresses endotoxic shock. J. Exp. Med. 203 (2006) 131-140
302. Zhou Y., Ling E.-A., and Dheen S.T. Dexamethasone suppresses monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production via mitogen activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 dependent inhibition of Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in activated rat microglia. J. Neurochem. 102 (2007) 667-678
303. Zitnik R.J., Whiting N.L., and Elias J.A. Glucocorticoid inhibition of interleukin-1-induced interleukin-6 production by human lung fibroblasts: evidence for transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 10 (1994) 643-650