DNA binding of the glucocorticoid receptor is not essential for survival

Cell

Volumn 93, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 531-541

  Reichardt, Holger M ^a   Kaestner, Klaus H ^a,d   Tuckermann, Jan ^a   Kretz, Oliver ^b   Wessely, Oliver ^a,e   Bock, Rudolf ^b   Gass, Peter ^a   Schmid, Wolfgang ^a   Herrlich, Peter ^c   Angel, Peter ^a   Schütz, Günther ^a  

^a GERMAN CANCER RESEARCH CENTER DKFZ   (Germany)

^b SAARLAND UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^c KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTERONE; CORTICOTROPIN; DEXAMETHASONE; DNA; GLUCOCORTICOID; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN; RNA;

ADRENAL FUNCTION; ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; CELL PROLIFERATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORTICOSTERONE BLOOD LEVEL; CORTICOTROPIN BLOOD LEVEL; DIMERIZATION; GENE REPRESSION; HORMONE RECEPTOR INTERACTION; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS ADRENAL SYSTEM; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; POINT MUTATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DNA BINDING; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; SURVIVAL; TRANSACTIVATION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 18144444807     PISSN: 00928674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81183-6     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Angel, P., Imagawa, M., Chiu, R., Stein, B., Imbra, R.J., Rahmsdorf, H.J., Jonat, C., Herrlich, P., and Karin, M. (1987). Phorbol ester-inducible genes contain a common cis element recognized by a TPA-modulated trans-acting factor. Cell 49, 729-739.
2. Auphan, N., DiDonato, J.A., Rosette, C., Helmberg, A., and Karin, M. (1995). Immunosuppression by glucocorticoids: inhibition of NF-κB activity through induction of IκB synthesis. Science 270, 286-290.
3. Beato, M., Herrlich, P., and Schütz, G. (1995). Steroid hormone receptors: many actors in search of a plot. Cell 83, 851-857.
4. Birnberg, N.C., Lissitzky, J.C., Hinman, M., and Herbert, E. (1983). Glucocorticoids regulate proopiomelanocortin gene expression in vivo at the levels of transcription and secretion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 6982-6986.
5. Bock, R., Chakraverty Werner, K., Herth, G., Liu, N., Ostermann, E., and Tox, U. (1991). Demonstration of immuno-bound alkaline phosphatase by a direct lead method. Optimization of reaction parameters by microdensitometry using computer-aided image processing. Acta Histochem. 91, 201-211.
6. Brüsselbach, S., Mohle Steinlein, U., Wang, Z.Q., Schreiber, M., Lucibello,F.C., Muller, R., and Wagner, E.F. (1995). Cell proliferation and cell cycle progression are not impaired in fibroblasts and ES cells lacking c-Fos. Oncogene 10, 79-86.
7. Caldenhoven, E., Liden, J., Wissink, S., Van de Stolpe, A., Raaijmakers, J., Koenderman, L., Okret, S., Gustafsson, J.A., and Van der Saag, P.T. (1995). Negative cross-talk between RelA and the glucocorticoid receptor: a possible mechanism for the antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids. Mol. Endocrinol. 9, 401-412.
8. Cato, A.C.B., Skroch, P., Weinmann, J., Butkeraitis, P., and Ponta, H. (1988). DNA sequences outside the receptor-binding sites differentially modulate the responsiveness of the mouse mammary tumor virus to various steroid hormones. EMBO J. 7, 1403-1410.
9. Chang, T.J., Scher, B.M., Waxman, S., and Scher, W. (1993). Inhibition of mouse GATA-1 function by the glucocorticoid receptor: possible mechanism of steroid inhibition of erythroleukemia cell differentiation. Mol. Endocrinol. 7, 528-542.
10. Chapman, M.S., Askew, D.J., Kuscuoglu, U., and Miesfeld, R.L. (1996). Transcriptional control of steroid-regulated apoptosis in murine thymoma cells. Mol. Endocrinol. 10, 967-978.
11. Cole, T.J., Blendy, J.A., Monaghan, A.P., Krieglstein, K., Schmid, W., Aguzzi, A., Fantuzzi, G., Hummler, E., Unsicker, K., and Schütz, G. (1995). Targeted disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor gene blocks adrenergic chromaffin cell development and severely retards lung maturation. Genes Dev. 9, 1608-1621.
12. Dahlman-Wright, K., Wright, A., Gustafsson, J.A., and Carlstedt Duke, J. (1991). Interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding domain with DNA as adimer is mediated by a short segment of five amino acids. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 3107-3112.
13. Diamond, M.I., Miner, J.N., Yoshinaga, S.K., and Yamamoto, K.R. (1990). Transcription factor interactions: selectors of positive or negative regulation from a single DNA element. Science 249, 1266-1272.
14. Drouin, J., Sun, Y.L., Chamberland, M., Gauthier, Y., De, L.A., Nemer, M., and Schmidt, T.J. (1993). Novel glucocorticoid receptor complex with DNA element of the hormone-repressed POMC gene. EMBO J. 12, 145-156.
15. Gack, S., Vallon, R., Schaper, J., Ruther, U., and Angel, P. (1994). Phenotypic alterations in fos-transgenic mice correlate with changes in Fos/Jun-dependent collagenase type I expression. Regulation of mouse metalloproteinases by carcinogens, tumor promoters, cAMP, and Fos oncoprotein. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 10363-10369.
16. Gu, H., Zou, Y.R., and Rajewsky, K. (1993). Independent control of immunoglobulin switch recombination at individual switch regions evidenced through Cre-loxP-mediated gene targeting. Cell 73, 1155-1164.
17. Gum, R., Lengyel, E., Juarez, J., Chen, J.H., Sato, H., Seiki, M., and Boyd, D. (1996). Stimulation of 92-kDa gelatinase B promoter activity by ras is mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1-independent and requires multiple transcription factor binding sites including closely spaced PEA3/ets and AP-1 sequences. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 10672-10680.
18. Heck, S., Kullmann, M., Gast, A., Ponta, H., Rahmsdorf, H.J., Herrlich, P., and Cato, A.C. (1994). A distinct modulating domain inglucocorticoid receptor monomers in the repression of activity of the transcription factor AP-1. EMBO J. 13, 4087-4095.
19. Heck, S., Bender, K., Kullmann, M., Göttlicher, M., Herrlich, P., and Cato, A.C.B. (1997). IκBα independent downregulation of NF-κB activity by glucocorticoid receptor. EMBO J. 16, 4698-4707.
20. Helmberg, A., Auphan, N., Caelles, C., and Karin, M. (1995). Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of human leukemic cells is caused by the repressive function of the glucocorticoid receptor. EMBO J. 14, 452-460.
21. Imai, E., Miner, J.N., Mitchell, J.A., Yamamoto, K.R., and Granner, D.K. (1993). Glucocorticoid receptor-cAMP response element-binding protein interaction and the response of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene to glucocorticoids. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 5353-5356.
22. Jiang, W., Uht, R., and Bohn, M.C. (1989). Regulation of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) mRNA in the rat adrenal medulla by corticosterone. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 7, 513-520.
23. Jonat, C., Rahmsdorf, H.J., Park, K.K., Cato, A.C., Gebel, S., Ponta, H., and Herrlich, P. (1990). Antitumor promotion and antiinflammation: down-modulation of AP-1 (Fos/Jun) activity by glucocorticoid hormone. Cell 62, 1189-1204.
24. Kaestner, K.H., Ntambi, J.M., Kelly, T.J., and Lane, M.D. (1989). Differentiation-induced gene expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. A second differentially expressed gene encoding stearoyl-CoA desaturase. J. Biol. Chem. 264, 14755-14761.
25. Kaestner, K.H., Hiemisch, H., Luckow, B., and Schütz, G. (1994). The HNF-3 gene family of transcription factors in mice: gene structure, cDNA sequence and mRNA distribution. Genomics 20, 377-385.
26. King, L.B., Vacchio, M.S., Dixon, K., Hunziker, R., Margulies, D.H., and Ashwell, J.D. (1995). A targeted glucocorticoid receptor antisense transgene increases thymocyte apoptosis and alters thymocyte development. Immunity 3, 647-656.
27. König, H., Ponta, H., Rahmsdorf, H.J., and Herrlich, P. (1992). Interference between pathway-specific transcription factors: glucocorticoids antagonize phorbol ester-induced AP-1 activity without altering AP-1 site occupation in vivo. EMBO J. 11, 2241-2246.
28. Luisi, B.F., Xu, W.X., Otwinowski, Z., Freedman, L.P., Yamamoto, K.R., and Sigler, P.B. (1991). Crystallographic analysis of the interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor with DNA. Nature 352, 497-505.
29. Miner, J.N., Diamond, M.I., and Yamamoto, K.R. (1991). Joints in the regulatory lattice: composite regulation by steroid receptor-AP1 complexes. Cell Growth Differ. 2, 525-530.
30. Murphy, E.P., and Conneely, O.M. (1997). Neuroendocrine regulation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis by the nurr1/nur77 subfamily of nuclear receptors. Mol. Endocrinol. 11, 39-47.
31. Nazareth, L.V., Harbour, D.V., and Thompson, E.B. (1991). Mapping the human glucocorticoid receptor for leukemic cell death. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 12976-12980.
32. Nicoletti, I., Migliorati, G., Pagliacci, M.C., Grignani, F., and Riccardi, C. (1991). A rapid and simple method for measuring thymocyte apoptosis by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. J. Immunol. Methods 139, 271-279.
33. Nitsch, D., Stewart, A.F., Boshart, M., Mestril, R., Weih, F., and Schütz, G. (1990). Chromatin structures of the rat tyrosine aminotransferase gene relate to the function of its cis-acting elements. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10, 3334-3342.
34. Oehler, T., and Angel, P. (1992). A common intermediary factor (p52/ 54) recognizing "acidic blob"-type domains is required for transcriptional activation by the Jun proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12, 5508-5515.
35. Philips, A., Maira, M., Mullick, A., Chamberland, M., Lesage, S., Hugo, P., and Drouin, J. (1997). Antagonism between Nur77 and glucocorticoid receptor for control of transcription. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 5952-5959.
36. Ray, A., and Prefontaine, K.E. (1994). Physical association and functional antagonism between the p65 subunit of transcription factor NF-κB and the glucocorticoid receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 752-756.
37. Reichardt, H.M., and Schütz, G. (1996). Feedback control of glucocorticoid production is established during fetal development. Mol. Med. 2, 735-744.
38. Ross, M.E., Evinger, M.J., Hyman, S.E., Carroll, J.M., Mucke, L., Comb, M., Reis, D.J., Joh, T.H., and Goodman, H.M. (1990). Identification of a functional glucocorticoid response element in the phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase promoter using fusion genes introduced into chromaffin cells in primary culture. J. Neurosci. 10, 520-530.
39. Ruppert, S., Boshart, M., Bosch, F.X., Schmid, W., Fournier, R.E., and Schütz, G. (1990). Two genetically defined trans-acting loci coordinately regulate overlapping sets of liver-specific genes. Cell 61, 895-904.
40. Sakai, D.D., Helms, S., Carlstedt Duke, J., Gustafsson, J.A., Rottman, F.M., and Yamamoto, K.R. (1988). Hormone-mediated repression: a negative glucocorticoid response element from the bovine prolactin gene. Genes Dev. 2, 1144-1154.
41. Scheinman, R.I., Cogswell, P.C., Lofquist, A.K., and Baldwin, A.S., Jr. (1995a). Role of transcriptional activation of IκBα in mediation of immunosuppression by glucocorticoids. Science 270, 283-286.
42. Scheinman, R.I., Gualberto, A., Jewell, C.M., Cidlowski, J.A., and Baldwin, A.S., Jr. (1995b). Characterization of mechanisms involved in transrepression of NF-κB by activated glucocorticoid receptors. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 943-953.
43. Schmid, W., Strähle, U., Schütz, G., Schmitt, J., and Stunnenberg, H. (1989). Glucocorticoid receptor binds cooperatively to adjacent recognition sequences. EMBO J. 8, 2257-2263.
44. Schreiber, M., Baumann, B., Cotten, M., Angel, P., and Wagner, E.F. (1995). Fos is an essential component of the mammalian UV response. EMBO J. 14, 5338-5349.
45. Schüle, R., Rangarajan, P., Kliewer, S., Ransone, L.J., Bolado, J., Yang, N., Verma, I.M., and Evans, R.M. (1990). Functional antagonism between oncoprotein c-Jun and the glucocorticoid receptor. Cell 62, 1217-1226.
46. Seasholtz, A.F., Thompson, R.C., and Douglass, J.O. (1988). Identification of a cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element in the rat corticotropin-releasing hormone gene. Mol. Endocrinol. 2, 1311-1319.
47. Strähle, U., Schmid, W., and Schütz, G. (1988). Synergistic action of the glucocorticoid receptor with transcription factors. EMBO J. 7, 3389-3395.
48. Todaro, G.J., and Green, H. (1963). Quantitative studies on the growth of mouse embryo cells in culture and their development into established lines. J. Cell Biol. 17, 299-313.
49. Vayssiére, B.M., Dupont, S., Choquart, A., Petit, F., Garcia, T., Marchandeau, C., Gronemeyer, H., and Resche-Rigon, M. (1997). Synthetic glucocorticoids that dissociate transactivation and AP-1 transrepression exhibit antiinflammatory activity in vivo. Mol. Endocrinol. 11, 1245-1255.
50. Wessely, O., Deiner, E., Beug, H., and von Lindern, M. (1997). The glucocorticoid receptor is a key regulator of the decision between self-renewal and differentiation in erythroid progenitors. EMBO J. 16, 267-280.
51. Wilkinson, D.G. (1992). In Situ Hybridization: A Practical approach. (Oxford, Oxford University Press).
52. Yang Yen, H.F., Chambard, J.C., Sun, Y.L., Smeal, T., Schmidt, T.J., Drouin, J., and Karin, M. (1990). Transcriptional interference between c-Jun and the glucocorticoid receptor: mutual inhibition of DNA binding due to direct protein-protein interaction. Cell 62, 1205-1215.