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Volumn 70, Issue 10, 2005, Pages 1493-1576

Exploring dynamics and stereochemistry in mechanically-interlocked compounds

Author keywords

Catenanes; Donor acceptor; Dynamic stereochemistry; Macrocycles; Molecular machines; NMR dynamics; Pretzelanes; Rotaxanes; Self complexing; Tetrathiafulvalenes

Indexed keywords


EID: 30344457892     PISSN: 00100765     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1135/cccc20051493     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (44)

References (184)
  • 14
    • 0003831873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-Assembly in Supramolecular Systems
    • J. F. Stoddart, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge
    • c) Self-Assembly in Supramolecular Systems: Lindoy L. F., Atkinson I. M. in: Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry (J. F. Stoddart, Ed.). Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge 2000;
    • (2000) Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry
    • Lindoy, L.F.1    Atkinson, I.M.2
  • 29
    • 0001280906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-conformation is used to describe the relative three-dimensional arrangement of the components of a mechanically-interlocked molecule with respect to one another. See: a) Fyfe M. C. T., Stoddart J. F.: Acc. Chem. Res. 1997, 30, 393;
    • (1997) Acc. Chem. Res. , vol.30 , pp. 393
    • Fyfe, M.C.T.1    Stoddart, J.F.2
  • 36
    • 30344462643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Circumrotation is commonly used to describe the rotation of one ring in a [2]catenane through the other, while pirouetting pertains to the spinning of one ring around the outside of the other. Because the difference between these two processes is fundamentally just the frame of reference, we will consider them the same for the purposes of this Review.
  • 38
    • 30344476077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • -1.
  • 42
    • 30344453331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See Section 2 for a detailed investigation into the dynamic stereochemistry of donor-acceptor [2]catenanes that arises partially as a result of this ring rocking process
    • See Section 2 for a detailed investigation into the dynamic stereochemistry of donor-acceptor [2]catenanes that arises partially as a result of this ring rocking process.
  • 68
    • 0030714098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rotaxanes are not technically topological isomers of their components because it is possible to separate the components by distorting the ring component and sliding it over one of the stoppers of the dumbbell component. However, in some cases pseudo-topological chirality in rotaxanes has been reported. See: a) Yamamoto C., Okamoto Y., Schmidt T., Jäger R., Vögtle F.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 10547;
    • (1997) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.119 , pp. 10547
    • Yamamoto, C.1    Okamoto, Y.2    Schmidt, T.3    Jäger, R.4    Vögtle, F.5
  • 82
    • 30344473267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • This chirality arises from the break in symmetry caused by the non-90° angle between the two rings. If the two rings were exactly perpendicular to one another, the geometry would be achiral.
  • 84
    • 30344445927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • ex = (πΔυ)/ √2, where Δυ is the limiting peak separation in Hz at low temperature. Thus, a larger separation between the two signals requires a higher rate constant before coalescence is observed. Although the ring rocking process is a relatively rapid one, the large chemical shift difference between the proton environments for the inside HQ unit that it exchanges between allows it to be observed.
  • 97
    • 4644220651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ab initio calculations have been performed on a bistable rotaxane. They suggest that the high conductivity state corresponds to the "metastable state", while the low conductivity one equates with the "stable state." See: a) Jang Y. H., Hwang S., Kim Y.-H., Jang S. S., Goddard W. A.: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 12636;
    • (2004) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.126 , pp. 12636
    • Jang, Y.H.1    Hwang, S.2    Kim, Y.-H.3    Jang, S.S.4    Goddard, W.A.5
  • 100
    • 30344464967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • This process can be accelerated by two-electron reduction of the catenane, which turns off the noncovalent bonding interactions between the two rings, allowing rapid equilibration. It is believed that this mechanism also operates in the device and explains the ability to switch from the high to the low conductivity state by applying a bias opposite to that of the initial switching bias.
  • 113
    • 30344434308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • B is Boltzmann constant.
  • 123
    • 30344461571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ph.D. Thesis. University of California, Los Angeles
    • Vignon S. A.: Ph.D. Thesis. University of California, Los Angeles 2005.
    • (2005)
    • Vignon, S.A.1
  • 124
    • 30344431757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • It was not possible to assign the two signals for the TTF unit to the specific isomer, cis or trans, that gives rise to them.
  • 125
    • 30344468100 scopus 로고
    • The TTF dication is known to have a twisted geometry with a 90° dihedral angle about the central bond connecting the two five-membered rings, removing the possibility for cis/trans isomerism. See: a) Ratner M. A., Sabin J. R., Ball E. E.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 1974, 28, 393;
    • (1974) Chem. Phys. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 393
    • Ratner, M.A.1    Sabin, J.R.2    Ball, E.E.3
  • 130
    • 30344458169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Technically there are four possible isomers, of which three are chemically distinct, namely cis-cis, cis-trans and trans-trans. However, only four signals, instead of the possible eight are observed, indicating that the TTF units are too far apart to influence the magnetic environment of each other and the conformational changes induced by the isomerism only affect the local protons.
  • 139
    • 30344485110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Although they will not be discussed here, zwitterionic rotaxanes and catenanes represent another interesting alternative to systems that possess a net charge.
  • 150
    • 30344440784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 77
    • 77.
  • 158
    • 30344470162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • ‡.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.