메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 10, 2003, Pages 2034-2043

Role of telomeres and telomerase in the pathogenesis of human cancer

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

TELOMERASE; TELOMERIC REPEAT BINDING FACTOR 1; TELOMERIC REPEAT BINDING FACTOR 2;

EID: 0038350026     PISSN: 0732183X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2003.06.018     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (128)

References (170)
  • 1
    • 0034614637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hallmarks of cancer
    • Hanahan D, Weinberg RA: The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 100:57-70, 2000
    • (2000) Cell , vol.100 , pp. 57-70
    • Hanahan, D.1    Weinberg, R.A.2
  • 3
    • 0024436330 scopus 로고
    • Conservation of the human telomere sequence (TTAGGG)n among vertebrates
    • Meyne J, Ratliff RL, Moyzis RK: Conservation of the human telomere sequence (TTAGGG)n among vertebrates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86:7049-7053, 1989
    • (1989) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.86 , pp. 7049-7053
    • Meyne, J.1    Ratliff, R.L.2    Moyzis, R.K.3
  • 4
    • 0013462065 scopus 로고
    • A highly conserved repetitive DNA sequence, (TTAGGG)n, present at the telomeres of human chromosomes
    • Moyzis RK, Buckingham JM, Cram LS, et al: A highly conserved repetitive DNA sequence, (TTAGGG)n, present at the telomeres of human chromosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85:6622-6626, 1988
    • (1988) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.85 , pp. 6622-6626
    • Moyzis, R.K.1    Buckingham, J.M.2    Cram, L.S.3
  • 5
    • 0024573115 scopus 로고
    • An overhanging 3′ terminus is a conserved feature of telomeres
    • Henderson ER, Blackburn EH: An overhanging 3′ terminus is a conserved feature of telomeres. Mol Cell Biol 9:345-348, 1989
    • (1989) Mol Cell Biol , vol.9 , pp. 345-348
    • Henderson, E.R.1    Blackburn, E.H.2
  • 6
    • 0031000884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long G tails at both ends of human chromosomes suggest a C strand degradation mechanism for telomere shortening
    • Makarov VL, Hirose Y, Langmore JP: Long G tails at both ends of human chromosomes suggest a C strand degradation mechanism for telomere shortening. Cell 88:657-666, 1997
    • (1997) Cell , vol.88 , pp. 657-666
    • Makarov, V.L.1    Hirose, Y.2    Langmore, J.P.3
  • 7
    • 0030982721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The terminal DNA structure of mammalian chromosomes
    • McElligott R, Wellinger RJ: The terminal DNA structure of mammalian chromosomes. Embo J 16:3705-3714, 1997
    • (1997) Embo J , vol.16 , pp. 3705-3714
    • McElligott, R.1    Wellinger, R.J.2
  • 8
    • 0030731928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal human chromosomes have long G-rich telomeric overhangs at one end
    • Wright WE, Tesmer VM, Huffman KE, et al: Normal human chromosomes have long G-rich telomeric overhangs at one end. Genes Dev 11:2801-2809, 1997
    • (1997) Genes Dev , vol.11 , pp. 2801-2809
    • Wright, W.E.1    Tesmer, V.M.2    Huffman, K.E.3
  • 9
    • 0033553536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian telomeres end in a large duplex loop
    • Griffith JD, Comeau L, Rosenfield S, et al: Mammalian telomeres end in a large duplex loop. Cell 97:503-514, 1999
    • (1999) Cell , vol.97 , pp. 503-514
    • Griffith, J.D.1    Comeau, L.2    Rosenfield, S.3
  • 10
    • 0037148277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protection of mammalian telomeres
    • de Lange T: Protection of mammalian telomeres. Oncogene 21:532-540, 2002
    • (2002) Oncogene , vol.21 , pp. 532-540
    • de Lange, T.1
  • 12
    • 84984775429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human telomeres contain two distinct Myb-related proteins, TRF1 and TRF2
    • Broccoli D, Smogorzewska A, Chong L, et al: Human telomeres contain two distinct Myb-related proteins, TRF1 and TRF2. Nat Genet 17:231-235, 1997
    • (1997) Nat Genet , vol.17 , pp. 231-235
    • Broccoli, D.1    Smogorzewska, A.2    Chong, L.3
  • 13
    • 84984754548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomeric localization of TRF2, a novel human telobox protein
    • Bilaud T, Brun C, Ancelin K, et al: Telomeric localization of TRF2, a novel human telobox protein. Nat Genet 17:236-239, 1997
    • (1997) Nat Genet , vol.17 , pp. 236-239
    • Bilaud, T.1    Brun, C.2    Ancelin, K.3
  • 14
    • 0031027618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of telomere length by the human telomeric protein TRF1
    • van Steensel B, de Lange T: Control of telomere length by the human telomeric protein TRF1. Nature 385:740-743, 1997
    • (1997) Nature , vol.385 , pp. 740-743
    • van Steensel, B.1    de Lange, T.2
  • 15
    • 0032489012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TRF2 protects human telomeres from end-to-end fusions
    • van Steensel B, Smogorzewska A, de Lange T: TRF2 protects human telomeres from end-to-end fusions. Cell 92:401-413, 1998
    • (1998) Cell , vol.92 , pp. 401-413
    • van Steensel, B.1    Smogorzewska, A.2    de Lange, T.3
  • 16
    • 0033605145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p53- and ATM-dependent apoptosis induced by telomeres lacking TRF2
    • Karlseder J, Broccoli D, Dai Y, et al: p53- and ATM-dependent apoptosis induced by telomeres lacking TRF2. Science 283:1321-1325, 1999
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 1321-1325
    • Karlseder, J.1    Broccoli, D.2    Dai, Y.3
  • 17
    • 0035476710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-loop assembly in vitro involves binding of TRF2 near the 3′ telomeric overhang
    • Stansel RM, de Lange T, Griffith JD: T-loop assembly in vitro involves binding of TRF2 near the 3′ telomeric overhang. Embo J 20:5532-5540, 2001
    • (2001) Embo J , vol.20 , pp. 5532-5540
    • Stansel, R.M.1    de Lange, T.2    Griffith, J.D.3
  • 18
    • 0035844082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poll, the putative telomere end-binding protein in fission yeast and humans
    • Baumann P, Cech TR: Poll, the putative telomere end-binding protein in fission yeast and humans. Science 292:1171-1175, 2001
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 1171-1175
    • Baumann, P.1    Cech, T.R.2
  • 19
    • 0036472339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tankyrase-2 oligomerizes with tankyrase-1 and binds to both TRF1 (telomere-repeat-binding factor 1) and IRAP (insulin-responsive aminopeptidase)
    • Sbodio JI, Lodish HF, Chi NW: Tankyrase-2 oligomerizes with tankyrase-1 and binds to both TRF1 (telomere-repeat-binding factor 1) and IRAP (insulin-responsive aminopeptidase). Biochem J 361:451-459, 2002
    • (2002) Biochem J , vol.361 , pp. 451-459
    • Sbodio, J.I.1    Lodish, H.F.2    Chi, N.W.3
  • 20
    • 0032553473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tankyrase, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase at human telomeres
    • Smith S, Giriat I, Schmitt A, et al: Tankyrase, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase at human telomeres. Science 282:1484-1487, 1998
    • (1998) Science , vol.282 , pp. 1484-1487
    • Smith, S.1    Giriat, I.2    Schmitt, A.3
  • 21
    • 0032727616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TIN2, a new regulator of telomere length in human cells
    • Kim S-H, Kamiker P, Campisi J: TIN2, a new regulator of telomere length in human cells. Nat Genet 23:405-412, 1999
    • (1999) Nat Genet , vol.23 , pp. 405-412
    • Kim, S.-H.1    Kamiker, P.2    Campisi, J.3
  • 22
    • 0034716904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of human Rap1: Implications for telomere evolution
    • Li B, Oestreich S, de Lange T: Identification of human Rap1: Implications for telomere evolution. Cell 101:471-483, 2000
    • (2000) Cell , vol.101 , pp. 471-483
    • Li, B.1    Oestreich, S.2    de Lange, T.3
  • 23
    • 0342561644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell-cycle-regulated association of RAD50/MRE11/NBS1 with TRF2 and human telomeres
    • Zhu XD, Kuster B, Mann M, et al: Cell-cycle-regulated association of RAD50/MRE11/NBS1 with TRF2 and human telomeres. Nat Genet 25:347-352, 2000
    • (2000) Nat Genet , vol.25 , pp. 347-352
    • Zhu, X.D.1    Kuster, B.2    Mann, M.3
  • 24
    • 0034669104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ku acts in a unique way at the mammalian telomere to prevent end joining
    • Hsu HL, Gilley D, Galande SA, et al: Ku acts in a unique way at the mammalian telomere to prevent end joining. Genes Dev 14:2807-2812, 2000
    • (2000) Genes Dev , vol.14 , pp. 2807-2812
    • Hsu, H.L.1    Gilley, D.2    Galande, S.A.3
  • 26
    • 0033597820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ku binds telomeric DNA in vitro
    • Bianchi A, de Lange T: Ku binds telomeric DNA in vitro. J Biol Chem 274:21223-21227, 1999
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 21223-21227
    • Bianchi, A.1    de Lange, T.2
  • 27
    • 0024978857 scopus 로고
    • A telomeric sequence in the RNA of Tetrahymena telomerase required for telomere repeat synthesis
    • Greider CW, Blackburn EH: A telomeric sequence in the RNA of Tetrahymena telomerase required for telomere repeat synthesis. Nature 337:331-337, 1989
    • (1989) Nature , vol.337 , pp. 331-337
    • Greider, C.W.1    Blackburn, E.H.2
  • 28
    • 0032489351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversing time: Origin of telomerase
    • Nakamura TM, Cech TR: Reversing time: Origin of telomerase. Cell 92:587-590, 1998
    • (1998) Cell , vol.92 , pp. 587-590
    • Nakamura, T.M.1    Cech, T.R.2
  • 29
    • 0033932489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of telomerase in normal and cancer cells
    • Meyerson M: Role of telomerase in normal and cancer cells. J Clin Oncol 18:2626-2634, 2000
    • (2000) J Clin Oncol , vol.18 , pp. 2626-2634
    • Meyerson, M.1
  • 30
    • 0029096515 scopus 로고
    • The RNA component of human telomerase
    • Feng J, Funk WD, Wang SS, et al: The RNA component of human telomerase. Science 269:1236-1241, 1995
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 1236-1241
    • Feng, J.1    Funk, W.D.2    Wang, S.S.3
  • 31
    • 0032961170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A box H/ACA small nucleolar RNA-like domain at the human telomerase RNA 3′ end
    • Mitchell JR, Cheng J, Collins K: A box H/ACA small nucleolar RNA-like domain at the human telomerase RNA 3′ end. Mol Cell Biol 19:567-576, 1999
    • (1999) Mol Cell Biol , vol.19 , pp. 567-576
    • Mitchell, J.R.1    Cheng, J.2    Collins, K.3
  • 32
    • 0030819894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase catalytic subunit homologs from fission yeast and human
    • Nakamura TM, Morin GB, Chapman KB, et al: Telomerase catalytic subunit homologs from fission yeast and human. Science 277:955-959, 1997
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 955-959
    • Nakamura, T.M.1    Morin, G.B.2    Chapman, K.B.3
  • 33
    • 0030745448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • hEST2, the putative human telomerase catalytic subunit gene, is up-regulated in tumor cells and during immortalization
    • Meyerson M, Counter CM, Eaton EN, et al: hEST2, the putative human telomerase catalytic subunit gene, is up-regulated in tumor cells and during immortalization. Cell 90:785-795, 1997
    • (1997) Cell , vol.90 , pp. 785-795
    • Meyerson, M.1    Counter, C.M.2    Eaton, E.N.3
  • 34
    • 0030668722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human telomerase contains evolutionarily conserved catalytic and structural subunits
    • Harrington L, Zhou W, McPhail T, et al: Human telomerase contains evolutionarily conserved catalytic and structural subunits. Genes Dev 11:3109-3115, 1997
    • (1997) Genes Dev , vol.11 , pp. 3109-3115
    • Harrington, L.1    Zhou, W.2    McPhail, T.3
  • 35
    • 0035723994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional multimerization of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase
    • Beattie TL, Zhou W, Robinson MO, et al: Functional multimerization of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase. Mol Cell Biol 21:6151-6160, 2001
    • (2001) Mol Cell Biol , vol.21 , pp. 6151-6160
    • Beattie, T.L.1    Zhou, W.2    Robinson, M.O.3
  • 36
    • 0037040990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two independent regions of human telomerase reverse transcriptase are important for its oligomerization and telomerase activity
    • Arai K, Masutomi K, Khurts S, et al: Two independent regions of human telomerase reverse transcriptase are important for its oligomerization and telomerase activity. J Biol Chem 277:8538-8544, 2002
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , pp. 8538-8544
    • Arai, K.1    Masutomi, K.2    Khurts, S.3
  • 37
    • 0035796403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human telomerase contains two cooperating telomerase RNA molecules
    • Wenz C, Enenkel B, Amacker M, et al: Human telomerase contains two cooperating telomerase RNA molecules. Embo J 20:3526-3534, 2001
    • (2001) Embo J , vol.20 , pp. 3526-3534
    • Wenz, C.1    Enenkel, B.2    Amacker, M.3
  • 38
    • 0030938901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reverse transcriptase motifs in the catalytic subunit of telomerase
    • Lingner J, Hughes TR, Shevchenko A, et al: Reverse transcriptase motifs in the catalytic subunit of telomerase. Science 276:561-567, 1997
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 561-567
    • Lingner, J.1    Hughes, T.R.2    Shevchenko, A.3
  • 40
    • 17344363008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase activation by hTRT in human normal fibroblasts and hepatocellular carcinomas
    • Nakayama J, Tahara H, Tahara E, et al: Telomerase activation by hTRT in human normal fibroblasts and hepatocellular carcinomas. Nat Genet 18:65-68, 1998
    • (1998) Nat Genet , vol.18 , pp. 65-68
    • Nakayama, J.1    Tahara, H.2    Tahara, E.3
  • 41
    • 0030659644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstitution of human telomerase with the template RNA component hTR and the catalytic protein subunit hTRT
    • Weinrich SL, Pruzan R, Ma L, et al: Reconstitution of human telomerase with the template RNA component hTR and the catalytic protein subunit hTRT. Nat Genet 17:498-502, 1997
    • (1997) Nat Genet , vol.17 , pp. 498-502
    • Weinrich, S.L.1    Pruzan, R.2    Ma, L.3
  • 42
    • 0030681073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of a candidate human telomerase catalytic subunit gene, which reveals complex splicing patterns in different cell types
    • Kilian A, Bowtell DDL, Abud HE, et al: Isolation of a candidate human telomerase catalytic subunit gene, which reveals complex splicing patterns in different cell types. Hum Mol Genet 6:2011-2019, 1997
    • (1997) Hum Mol Genet , vol.6 , pp. 2011-2019
    • Kilian, A.1    Bowtell, D.D.L.2    Abud, H.E.3
  • 43
    • 0034775749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-terminal domains of the human telomerase catalytic subunit required for enzyme activity in vivo
    • Armbruster BN, Banik SS, Guo C, et al: N-terminal domains of the human telomerase catalytic subunit required for enzyme activity in vivo. Mol Cell Biol 21:7775-7786, 2001
    • (2001) Mol Cell Biol , vol.21 , pp. 7775-7786
    • Armbruster, B.N.1    Banik, S.S.2    Guo, C.3
  • 44
    • 0032440891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociation among in vitro telomerase activity, telomere maintenance, and cellular immortalization
    • Counter CM, Hahn WC, Wei W, et al: Dissociation among in vitro telomerase activity, telomere maintenance, and cellular immortalization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:14723-14728, 1998
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.95 , pp. 14723-14728
    • Counter, C.M.1    Hahn, W.C.2    Wei, W.3
  • 45
    • 0033790120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymerization defects within human telomerase are distinct from telomerase RNA and TEP1 binding
    • Beattie TL, Zhou W, Robinson MO, et al: Polymerization defects within human telomerase are distinct from telomerase RNA and TEP1 binding. Mol Biol Cell 11:3329-3340, 2000
    • (2000) Mol Biol Cell , vol.11 , pp. 3329-3340
    • Beattie, T.L.1    Zhou, W.2    Robinson, M.O.3
  • 46
    • 0033636319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase RNA bound by protein motifs specific to telomerase reverse transcriptase
    • Bryan TM, Goodrich KJ, Cech TR: Telomerase RNA bound by protein motifs specific to telomerase reverse transcriptase. Mol Cell 6:493-499, 2000
    • (2000) Mol Cell , vol.6 , pp. 493-499
    • Bryan, T.M.1    Goodrich, K.J.2    Cech, T.R.3
  • 47
    • 0031036350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mammalian telomerase-associated protein
    • Harrington L, McPhail T, Mar V, et al: A mammalian telomerase-associated protein. Science 275:973-977, 1997
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 973-977
    • Harrington, L.1    McPhail, T.2    Mar, V.3
  • 48
    • 0033118355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional requirement of p23 and Hsp90 in telomerase complexes
    • Holt SE, Aisner DL, Baur J, et al: Functional requirement of p23 and Hsp90 in telomerase complexes. Genes Dev 13:817-826, 1999
    • (1999) Genes Dev , vol.13 , pp. 817-826
    • Holt, S.E.1    Aisner, D.L.2    Baur, J.3
  • 49
    • 0033782194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase-associated protein TEP1 is not essential for telomerase activity or telomere length maintenance in vivo
    • Liu Y, Snow BE, Hande MP, et al: Telomerase-associated protein TEP1 is not essential for telomerase activity or telomere length maintenance in vivo. Mol Cell Biol 20:8178-8184, 2000
    • (2000) Mol Cell Biol , vol.20 , pp. 8178-8184
    • Liu, Y.1    Snow, B.E.2    Hande, M.P.3
  • 50
    • 0001294157 scopus 로고
    • The stability of broken ends of chromosomes in Zea mays
    • McClintock B: The stability of broken ends of chromosomes in Zea mays. Genetics 26:234-282, 1941
    • (1941) Genetics , vol.26 , pp. 234-282
    • McClintock, B.1
  • 51
    • 0019522449 scopus 로고
    • Non-nucleosomal packaging of a tandemly repeated DNA sequence at termini of extrachromosomal DNA coding for rRNA in Tetrahymena
    • Blackburn EH, Chiou SS: Non-nucleosomal packaging of a tandemly repeated DNA sequence at termini of extrachromosomal DNA coding for rRNA in Tetrahymena. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78:2263-2267, 1981
    • (1981) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.78 , pp. 2263-2267
    • Blackburn, E.H.1    Chiou, S.S.2
  • 52
    • 0025279059 scopus 로고
    • In vivo alteration of telomere sequences and senescence caused by mutated Tetrahymena telomerase RNAs
    • Yu GL, Bradley JD, Attardi LD, et al: In vivo alteration of telomere sequences and senescence caused by mutated Tetrahymena telomerase RNAs. Nature 344:126-132, 1990
    • (1990) Nature , vol.344 , pp. 126-132
    • Yu, G.L.1    Bradley, J.D.2    Attardi, L.D.3
  • 53
    • 0030931491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomere shortening and tumor formation by mouse cells lacking telomerase RNA
    • Blasco MA, Lee HW, Hande MP, et al: Telomere shortening and tumor formation by mouse cells lacking telomerase RNA. Cell 91:25-34, 1997
    • (1997) Cell , vol.91 , pp. 25-34
    • Blasco, M.A.1    Lee, H.W.2    Hande, M.P.3
  • 54
    • 0032828652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of telomerase limits the growth of human cancer cells
    • Hahn WC, Stewart SA, Brooks MW, et al: Inhibition of telomerase limits the growth of human cancer cells. Nat Med 5:1164-1170, 1999
    • (1999) Nat Med , vol.5 , pp. 1164-1170
    • Hahn, W.C.1    Stewart, S.A.2    Brooks, M.W.3
  • 55
    • 0034597794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomere states and cell fates
    • Blackburn EH: Telomere states and cell fates. Nature 408:53-56, 2000
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 53-56
    • Blackburn, E.H.1
  • 56
    • 0031047642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Block in anaphase chromosome separation caused by a telomerase template mutation
    • Kirk KE, Harmon BP, Reichardt IK, et al: Block in anaphase chromosome separation caused by a telomerase template mutation. Science 275:1478-1481, 1997
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 1478-1481
    • Kirk, K.E.1    Harmon, B.P.2    Reichardt, I.K.3
  • 57
    • 0034933876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A low threshold level of expression of mutant-template telomerase RNA inhibits human tumor cell proliferation
    • Kim MM, Rivera MA, Botchkina IL, et al: A low threshold level of expression of mutant-template telomerase RNA inhibits human tumor cell proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:7982-7987, 2001
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.98 , pp. 7982-7987
    • Kim, M.M.1    Rivera, M.A.2    Botchkina, I.L.3
  • 58
    • 0035825601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of mutant telomerase in immortal telomerase-negative human cells results in cell cycle deregulation, nuclear and chromosomal abnormalities and rapid loss of viability
    • Guiducci C, Cerone MA, Bacchetti S: Expression of mutant telomerase in immortal telomerase-negative human cells results in cell cycle deregulation, nuclear and chromosomal abnormalities and rapid loss of viability. Oncogene 20:714-725, 2001
    • (2001) Oncogene , vol.20 , pp. 714-725
    • Guiducci, C.1    Cerone, M.A.2    Bacchetti, S.3
  • 59
    • 0034633692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomere fusions caused by mutating the terminal region of telomeric DNA
    • McEachem MJ, Iyer S, Fulton TB, et al: Telomere fusions caused by mutating the terminal region of telomeric DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:11409-11414, 2000
    • (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.97 , pp. 11409-11414
    • McEachem, M.J.1    Iyer, S.2    Fulton, T.B.3
  • 60
    • 0025115349 scopus 로고
    • Structure and variability of human chromosome ends
    • de Lange T, Shiue L, Myers RM, et al: Structure and variability of human chromosome ends. Mol Cell Biol 10:518-527, 1990
    • (1990) Mol Cell Biol , vol.10 , pp. 518-527
    • de Lange, T.1    Shiue, L.2    Myers, R.M.3
  • 61
    • 0033616762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase extends the lifespan of virus-transformed human cells without net telomere lengthening
    • Zhu J, Wang H, Bishop JM, et al: Telomerase extends the lifespan of virus-transformed human cells without net telomere lengthening. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:3723-3728, 1999
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.96 , pp. 3723-3728
    • Zhu, J.1    Wang, H.2    Bishop, J.M.3
  • 63
    • 0344622606 scopus 로고
    • The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains
    • Hayflick L, Moorhead PS: The serial cultivation of human diploid cell strains. Exp Cell Res 25:585-621, 1961
    • (1961) Exp Cell Res , vol.25 , pp. 585-621
    • Hayflick, L.1    Moorhead, P.S.2
  • 64
    • 0028564951 scopus 로고
    • Specific association of human telomerase activity with immortal cells and cancer
    • Kim NW, Piatyszek MA, Prowse KR, et al: Specific association of human telomerase activity with immortal cells and cancer. Science 266:2011-2015, 1994
    • (1994) Science , vol.266 , pp. 2011-2015
    • Kim, N.W.1    Piatyszek, M.A.2    Prowse, K.R.3
  • 65
    • 0026460896 scopus 로고
    • Telomere length predicts replicative capacity of human fibroblasts
    • Allsopp RC, Vaziri H, Patterson C, et al: Telomere length predicts replicative capacity of human fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89:10114-10118, 1992
    • (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.89 , pp. 10114-10118
    • Allsopp, R.C.1    Vaziri, H.2    Patterson, C.3
  • 66
    • 0025279931 scopus 로고
    • Telomeres shorten during ageing of human fibroblasts
    • Harley CB, Futcher AB, Greider CW: Telomeres shorten during ageing of human fibroblasts. Nature 345:458-460, 1990
    • (1990) Nature , vol.345 , pp. 458-460
    • Harley, C.B.1    Futcher, A.B.2    Greider, C.W.3
  • 67
    • 0026523228 scopus 로고
    • Telomere shortening associated with chromosome instability is arrested in immortal cells which express telomerase activity
    • Counter CM, Avilion AA, Le Feuvre CE, et al: Telomere shortening associated with chromosome instability is arrested in immortal cells which express telomerase activity. EMBO J 11:1921-1929, 1992
    • (1992) EMBO J , vol.11 , pp. 1921-1929
    • Counter, C.M.1    Avilion, A.A.2    Le Feuvre, C.E.3
  • 69
    • 0025143252 scopus 로고
    • Telomere reduction in human colorectal carcinoma and with ageing
    • Hastie ND, Dempster M, Dunlop MG, et al: Telomere reduction in human colorectal carcinoma and with ageing. Nature 346:866-868, 1990
    • (1990) Nature , vol.346 , pp. 866-868
    • Hastie, N.D.1    Dempster, M.2    Dunlop, M.G.3
  • 70
    • 0031962972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes of telomere length in children after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
    • Akiyama M, Hoshi Y, Sakurai S, et al: Changes of telomere length in children after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 21:167-171, 1998
    • (1998) Bone Marrow Transplant , vol.21 , pp. 167-171
    • Akiyama, M.1    Hoshi, Y.2    Sakurai, S.3
  • 71
    • 0032539451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerated telomere shortening in young recipients of allogeneic bone-marrow transplants
    • Wynn RF, Cross MA, Hatton C, et al: Accelerated telomere shortening in young recipients of allogeneic bone-marrow transplants. Lancet 351:178-181, 1998
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 178-181
    • Wynn, R.F.1    Cross, M.A.2    Hatton, C.3
  • 72
    • 0010045614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells
    • Bodnar AG, Ouellette M, Frolkis M, et al: Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells. Science 279:349-352, 1998
    • (1998) Science , vol.279 , pp. 349-352
    • Bodnar, A.G.1    Ouellette, M.2    Frolkis, M.3
  • 73
    • 0032567967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstitution of telomerase activity in normal human cells leads to elongation of telomeres and extended replicative life span
    • Vaziri H, Benchimol S: Reconstitution of telomerase activity in normal human cells leads to elongation of telomeres and extended replicative life span. Curr Biol 8:279-282, 1998
    • (1998) Curr Biol , vol.8 , pp. 279-282
    • Vaziri, H.1    Benchimol, S.2
  • 74
    • 0033543760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human endothelial cell life extension by telomerase expression
    • Yang J, Chang E, Cherry AM, et al: Human endothelial cell life extension by telomerase expression. J Biol Chem 274:26141-26148, 1999
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 26141-26148
    • Yang, J.1    Chang, E.2    Cherry, A.M.3
  • 75
    • 0033568462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomere shortening and apoptosis in telomerase-inhibited human tumor cells
    • Zhang X, Mar V, Zhou W, et al: Telomere shortening and apoptosis in telomerase-inhibited human tumor cells. Genes Dev 13:2388-2399, 1999
    • (1999) Genes Dev , vol.13 , pp. 2388-2399
    • Zhang, X.1    Mar, V.2    Zhou, W.3
  • 76
    • 0033455559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of human telomerase in immortal human cells leads to progressive telomere shortening and cell death
    • Herbert B, Pitts AE, Baker SI, et al: Inhibition of human telomerase in immortal human cells leads to progressive telomere shortening and cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:14276-14281, 1999
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.96 , pp. 14276-14281
    • Herbert, B.1    Pitts, A.E.2    Baker, S.I.3
  • 77
    • 0034662616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-5A antisense telomerase RNA therapy for intracranial malignant gliomas
    • Mukai S, Kondo Y, Koga S, et al: 2-5A antisense telomerase RNA therapy for intracranial malignant gliomas. Cancer Res 60:4461-4467, 2000
    • (2000) Cancer Res , vol.60 , pp. 4461-4467
    • Mukai, S.1    Kondo, Y.2    Koga, S.3
  • 78
    • 4243937106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A highly selective telomerase inhibitor limiting human cancer cell proliferation
    • Damm K, Hemmann U, Garin-Chesa P, et al: A highly selective telomerase inhibitor limiting human cancer cell proliferation. EMBO J 20:6958-6968, 2001
    • (2001) EMBO J , vol.20 , pp. 6958-6968
    • Damm, K.1    Hemmann, U.2    Garin-Chesa, P.3
  • 79
    • 0032483020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can ends justify the means? Telomeres and the mechanisms of replicative senescence and immortalization in mammalian cells
    • Sedivy JM: Can ends justify the means? Telomeres and the mechanisms of replicative senescence and immortalization in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:9078-9081, 1997
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.95 , pp. 9078-9081
    • Sedivy, J.M.1
  • 80
    • 0025729836 scopus 로고
    • Defining the molecular mechanisms of human cell immortalization
    • Shay JW, Wright WE, Werbin H: Defining the molecular mechanisms of human cell immortalization. Biochim Biophys Acta 1072:1-7, 1991
    • (1991) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1072 , pp. 1-7
    • Shay, J.W.1    Wright, W.E.2    Werbin, H.3
  • 81
    • 0035100475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular transformation by SV40 large T antigen: Interaction with host proteins
    • Ali SH, DeCaprio JA: Cellular transformation by SV40 large T antigen: Interaction with host proteins. Semin Cancer Biol 11:15-23, 2001
    • (2001) Semin Cancer Biol , vol.11 , pp. 15-23
    • Ali, S.H.1    DeCaprio, J.A.2
  • 82
    • 0033572894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation between senescence (M1) and crisis (M2) in human fibroblast cultures
    • Wei W, Sedivy JM: Differentiation between senescence (M1) and crisis (M2) in human fibroblast cultures. Exp Cell Res 253:519-522, 1999
    • (1999) Exp Cell Res , vol.253 , pp. 519-522
    • Wei, W.1    Sedivy, J.M.2
  • 83
    • 0024426688 scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of the frequency of immortalization of normal human diploid fibroblasts by SV40 large T-antigen
    • Shay JW, Wright WE: Quantitation of the frequency of immortalization of normal human diploid fibroblasts by SV40 large T-antigen. Exp Cell Res 184:109-118, 1989
    • (1989) Exp Cell Res , vol.184 , pp. 109-118
    • Shay, J.W.1    Wright, W.E.2
  • 84
    • 0033019840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase activity is sufficient to allow transformed cells to escape from crisis
    • Halvorsen TL, Leibowitz G, Levine F: Telomerase activity is sufficient to allow transformed cells to escape from crisis. Mol Cell Biol 19:1864-1870, 1999
    • (1999) Mol Cell Biol , vol.19 , pp. 1864-1870
    • Halvorsen, T.L.1    Leibowitz, G.2    Levine, F.3
  • 85
    • 0033979731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human keratinocytes that express hTERT and also evade a p16ink4a-enforced lifespan limit become immortal while retaining normal growth and differentiation characteristics
    • Dickson MA, Hahn WC, Ino Y, et al: Human keratinocytes that express hTERT and also evade a p16ink4a-enforced lifespan limit become immortal while retaining normal growth and differentiation characteristics. Mol Cell Biol 20:1436-1447, 2000
    • (2000) Mol Cell Biol , vol.20 , pp. 1436-1447
    • Dickson, M.A.1    Hahn, W.C.2    Ino, Y.3
  • 86
    • 0032487675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Both Rb/p16INK4a inactivation and telomerase activity are required to immortalize human epithelial cells
    • Kiyono T, Foster SA, Koop JI, et al: Both Rb/p16INK4a inactivation and telomerase activity are required to immortalize human epithelial cells. Nature 396:84-88, 1998
    • (1998) Nature , vol.396 , pp. 84-88
    • Kiyono, T.1    Foster, S.A.2    Koop, J.I.3
  • 87
    • 0035114576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putative telomere-independent mechanisms of replicative aging reflect inadequate growth conditions
    • Ramirez RD, Morales CP, Herbert BS, et al: Putative telomere-independent mechanisms of replicative aging reflect inadequate growth conditions. Genes Dev 15:398-403, 2001
    • (2001) Genes Dev , vol.15 , pp. 398-403
    • Ramirez, R.D.1    Morales, C.P.2    Herbert, B.S.3
  • 88
    • 0036144565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth factor requirements and basal phenotype of an immortalized mammary epithelial cell line
    • DiRenzo J, Signoretti S, Nakamura N, et al: Growth factor requirements and basal phenotype of an immortalized mammary epithelial cell line. Cancer Res 62:89-98, 2002
    • (2002) Cancer Res , vol.62 , pp. 89-98
    • DiRenzo, J.1    Signoretti, S.2    Nakamura, N.3
  • 89
    • 0037192462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Senescence induced by altered telomere state, not telomere loss
    • Karlseder J, Smogorzewska A, de Lange T: Senescence induced by altered telomere state, not telomere loss. Science 295:2446-2449, 2002
    • (2002) Science , vol.295 , pp. 2446-2449
    • Karlseder, J.1    Smogorzewska, A.2    de Lange, T.3
  • 90
    • 0029162563 scopus 로고
    • Telomere elongation in immortal human cells without detectable telomerase activity
    • Bryan TM, Englezou A, Gupta J, et al: Telomere elongation in immortal human cells without detectable telomerase activity. EMBO J 14:4240-4248, 1995
    • (1995) EMBO J , vol.14 , pp. 4240-4248
    • Bryan, T.M.1    Englezou, A.2    Gupta, J.3
  • 91
    • 0028007237 scopus 로고
    • Telomere dynamics in an immortal human cell line
    • Murnane JP, Sabatier L, Marder BA, et al: Telomere dynamics in an immortal human cell line. EMBO J 13:4953-4962, 1994
    • (1994) EMBO J , vol.13 , pp. 4953-4962
    • Murnane, J.P.1    Sabatier, L.2    Marder, B.A.3
  • 92
    • 0024973811 scopus 로고
    • A mutant with a defect in telomere elongation leads to senescence in yeast
    • Lundblad V, Szostak JW: A mutant with a defect in telomere elongation leads to senescence in yeast. Cell 57:633-643, 1989
    • (1989) Cell , vol.57 , pp. 633-643
    • Lundblad, V.1    Szostak, J.W.2
  • 93
    • 0033513079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomere-telomere recombination is an efficient bypass pathway for telomere maintenance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Teng SC, Zakian VA: Telomere-telomere recombination is an efficient bypass pathway for telomere maintenance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 19:8083-8093, 1999
    • (1999) Mol Cell Biol , vol.19 , pp. 8083-8093
    • Teng, S.C.1    Zakian, V.A.2
  • 94
    • 0033672470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomere maintenance by recombination in human cells
    • Dunham MA, Neumann AA, Fasching CL, et al: Telomere maintenance by recombination in human cells. Nat Genet 26:447-450, 2000
    • (2000) Nat Genet , vol.26 , pp. 447-450
    • Dunham, M.A.1    Neumann, A.A.2    Fasching, C.L.3
  • 95
    • 0034998040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coexistence of alternative lengthening of telomeres and telomerase in hTERT-transfected GM847 cells
    • Perrem K, Colgin LM, Neumann AA, et al: Coexistence of alternative lengthening of telomeres and telomerase in hTERT-transfected GM847 cells. Mol Cell Biol 21:3862-3875, 2001
    • (2001) Mol Cell Biol , vol.21 , pp. 3862-3875
    • Perrem, K.1    Colgin, L.M.2    Neumann, A.A.3
  • 96
    • 0035943603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase can inhibit the recombination-based pathway of telomere maintenance in human cells
    • Ford LP, Zou Y, Pongracz K, et al: Telomerase can inhibit the recombination-based pathway of telomere maintenance in human cells. J Biol Chem 276:32198-32203, 2001
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 32198-32203
    • Ford, L.P.1    Zou, Y.2    Pongracz, K.3
  • 97
    • 0031010342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey of telomerase activity in human cancer
    • Shay JW, Bacchetti S: A survey of telomerase activity in human cancer. Eur J Cancer 33:787-791, 1997
    • (1997) Eur J Cancer , vol.33 , pp. 787-791
    • Shay, J.W.1    Bacchetti, S.2
  • 98
    • 0032526907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: Antigen-dependent regulation of telomerase activity in murine T cells
    • Hathcock KS, Weng NP, Merica R, et al: Cutting edge: Antigen-dependent regulation of telomerase activity in murine T cells. J Immunol 160:5702-5706, 1998
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.160 , pp. 5702-5706
    • Hathcock, K.S.1    Weng, N.P.2    Merica, R.3
  • 99
    • 0029066169 scopus 로고
    • Telomerase activity in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells
    • Broccoli D, Young JW, de Lange T: Telomerase activity in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:9082-9086, 1995
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.92 , pp. 9082-9086
    • Broccoli, D.1    Young, J.W.2    de Lange, T.3
  • 100
    • 0028938262 scopus 로고
    • Telomerase activity in normal leukocytes and in hematologic malignancies
    • Counter CM, Gupta J, Harley CB, et al: Telomerase activity in normal leukocytes and in hematologic malignancies. Blood 85:2315-2320, 1995
    • (1995) Blood , vol.85 , pp. 2315-2320
    • Counter, C.M.1    Gupta, J.2    Harley, C.B.3
  • 101
    • 0029901910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase activity in the regenerative basal layer of the epidermis in human skin and in immortal and carcinoma-derived skin keratinocytes
    • Harle-Bachor C, Boukamp P: Telomerase activity in the regenerative basal layer of the epidermis in human skin and in immortal and carcinoma-derived skin keratinocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:6476-6481, 1996
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.93 , pp. 6476-6481
    • Harle-Bachor, C.1    Boukamp, P.2
  • 102
    • 0029808357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase activity in normal human epithelial cells
    • Yasumoto S, Kunimura C, Kikuchi K, et al: Telomerase activity in normal human epithelial cells. Oncogene 13:433-439, 1996
    • (1996) Oncogene , vol.13 , pp. 433-439
    • Yasumoto, S.1    Kunimura, C.2    Kikuchi, K.3
  • 103
    • 0029829887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase activity in human intestine
    • Hiyama E, Hiyama K, Tatsumoto N, et al: Telomerase activity in human intestine. Int J Oncol 9:453-458, 1996
    • (1996) Int J Oncol , vol.9 , pp. 453-458
    • Hiyama, E.1    Hiyama, K.2    Tatsumoto, N.3
  • 104
    • 0032080191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase activity in candidate stem cells from fetal liver and adult bone marrow
    • Yui J, Chiu CP, Lansdorp PM: Telomerase activity in candidate stem cells from fetal liver and adult bone marrow. Blood 91:3255-3262, 1998
    • (1998) Blood , vol.91 , pp. 3255-3262
    • Yui, J.1    Chiu, C.P.2    Lansdorp, P.M.3
  • 105
    • 0037148326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical utility of telomerase in cancer
    • Hiyama E, Hiyama K: Clinical utility of telomerase in cancer. Oncogene 21:643-649, 2002
    • (2002) Oncogene , vol.21 , pp. 643-649
    • Hiyama, E.1    Hiyama, K.2
  • 106
    • 0020520516 scopus 로고
    • Tumorigenic conversion of primary embryo fibroblasts requires at least two cooperating oncogenes
    • Land H, Parada LF, Weinberg RA: Tumorigenic conversion of primary embryo fibroblasts requires at least two cooperating oncogenes. Nature 304:596-602, 1983
    • (1983) Nature , vol.304 , pp. 596-602
    • Land, H.1    Parada, L.F.2    Weinberg, R.A.3
  • 107
    • 0020520517 scopus 로고
    • Adenovirus early region IA enables viral and cellular transforming genes to transform primary cells in culture
    • Ruley H: Adenovirus early region IA enables viral and cellular transforming genes to transform primary cells in culture. Nature 304:602-606, 1983
    • (1983) Nature , vol.304 , pp. 602-606
    • Ruley, H.1
  • 108
    • 0021014543 scopus 로고
    • Resistance of human cells to tumorigenesis induced by cloned transforming genes
    • Sager R, Tanaka K, Cau CC, et al: Resistance of human cells to tumorigenesis induced by cloned transforming genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80:7601-7605, 1983
    • (1983) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.80 , pp. 7601-7605
    • Sager, R.1    Tanaka, K.2    Cau, C.C.3
  • 109
    • 0035059672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From cells to organisms: Can we learn about aging from cells in culture
    • Campisi J: From cells to organisms: Can we learn about aging from cells in culture. Exp Gerontol 36:607-618, 2001
    • (2001) Exp Gerontol , vol.36 , pp. 607-618
    • Campisi, J.1
  • 110
    • 0026006294 scopus 로고
    • Senescence as a mode of tumor suppression
    • Sager R: Senescence as a mode of tumor suppression. Environ Health Perspect 93:59-62, 1991
    • (1991) Environ Health Perspect , vol.93 , pp. 59-62
    • Sager, R.1
  • 111
    • 0035177216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human breast cancer cells generated by oncogenic transformation of primary mammary epithelial cells
    • Elenbaas B, Spirio L, Koerner F, et al: Human breast cancer cells generated by oncogenic transformation of primary mammary epithelial cells. Genes Dev 15:50-65, 2001
    • (2001) Genes Dev , vol.15 , pp. 50-65
    • Elenbaas, B.1    Spirio, L.2    Koerner, F.3
  • 112
    • 0033614998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creation of human tumor cells with defined genetic elements
    • Hahn WC, Counter CM, Lundberg AS, et al: Creation of human tumor cells with defined genetic elements. Nature 400:464-468, 1999
    • (1999) Nature , vol.400 , pp. 464-468
    • Hahn, W.C.1    Counter, C.M.2    Lundberg, A.S.3
  • 113
    • 0037019164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immortalization and transformation of primary human airway epithelial cells by gene transfer
    • Lundberg AS, Randell SH, Stewart SA, et al: Immortalization and transformation of primary human airway epithelial cells by gene transfer. Oncogene 21:4577-4586, 2002
    • (2002) Oncogene , vol.21 , pp. 4577-4586
    • Lundberg, A.S.1    Randell, S.H.2    Stewart, S.A.3
  • 114
    • 0035328666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genetically tractable model of human glioma formation
    • Rich JN, Guo C, McLendon RE, et al: A genetically tractable model of human glioma formation. Cancer Res 61:3556-3560, 2001
    • (2001) Cancer Res , vol.61 , pp. 3556-3560
    • Rich, J.N.1    Guo, C.2    McLendon, R.E.3
  • 115
    • 0035950921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical role for SV40 small-t antigen in human cell transformation
    • 115
    • 115: Yu J, Boyapati A, Rundell K: Critical role for SV40 small-t antigen in human cell transformation. Virology 290:192-198, 2001
    • (2001) Virology , vol.290 , pp. 192-198
    • Yu, J.1    Boyapati, A.2    Rundell, K.3
  • 116
    • 85047700179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple stages of malignant transformation of human endothelial cells modelled by co-expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase, SV40 T antigen and oncogenic N-ras
    • MacKenzie KL, Franco S, Naiyer AJ, et al: Multiple stages of malignant transformation of human endothelial cells modelled by co-expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase, SV40 T antigen and oncogenic N-ras. Oncogene 21:4200-4211, 2002
    • (2002) Oncogene , vol.21 , pp. 4200-4211
    • MacKenzie, K.L.1    Franco, S.2    Naiyer, A.J.3
  • 117
    • 0033834247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomere dynamics in cancer progression and prevention: Fundamental differences in human and mouse telomere biology
    • Wright WE, Shay JW: Telomere dynamics in cancer progression and prevention: Fundamental differences in human and mouse telomere biology. Nat Med 6:849-851, 2000
    • (2000) Nat Med , vol.6 , pp. 849-851
    • Wright, W.E.1    Shay, J.W.2
  • 118
    • 0029114221 scopus 로고
    • Telomerase activity in normal and malignant murine tissues
    • Chadeneau C, Siegel P, Harley CB, et al: Telomerase activity in normal and malignant murine tissues. Oncogene 11:893-898, 1995
    • (1995) Oncogene , vol.11 , pp. 893-898
    • Chadeneau, C.1    Siegel, P.2    Harley, C.B.3
  • 119
    • 0029040101 scopus 로고
    • Developmental and tissue-specific regulation of mouse telomerase and telomere length
    • Prowse KR, Greider CW: Developmental and tissue-specific regulation of mouse telomerase and telomere length. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:4818-4822, 1995
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.92 , pp. 4818-4822
    • Prowse, K.R.1    Greider, C.W.2
  • 120
    • 0025029030 scopus 로고
    • Hypervariable ultra-long telomeres in mice
    • Kipling D, Cooke HJ: Hypervariable ultra-long telomeres in mice. Nature 347:400-402, 1990
    • (1990) Nature , vol.347 , pp. 400-402
    • Kipling, D.1    Cooke, H.J.2
  • 121
    • 0032499210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essential role of mouse telomerase in highly proliferative organs
    • Lee HW, Blasco MA, Gottlieb GJ, et al: Essential role of mouse telomerase in highly proliferative organs. Nature 392:569-574, 1998
    • (1998) Nature , vol.392 , pp. 569-574
    • Lee, H.W.1    Blasco, M.A.2    Gottlieb, G.J.3
  • 122
    • 0000146723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short dysfunctional telomeres impair tumorigenesis in the INK4a(delta2/3) cancer-prone mouse
    • Greenberg RA, Chin L, Femino A, et al: Short dysfunctional telomeres impair tumorigenesis in the INK4a(delta2/3) cancer-prone mouse. Cell 97:515-525, 1999
    • (1999) Cell , vol.97 , pp. 515-525
    • Greenberg, R.A.1    Chin, L.2    Femino, A.3
  • 123
    • 0343228751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase-deficient mice with short telomeres are resistant to skin tumorigenesis
    • Gonzalez-Suarez E, Samper E, Flores JM, et al: Telomerase-deficient mice with short telomeres are resistant to skin tumorigenesis. Nat Genet 26:114-117, 2000
    • (2000) Nat Genet , vol.26 , pp. 114-117
    • Gonzalez-Suarez, E.1    Samper, E.2    Flores, J.M.3
  • 124
    • 0034632717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomere dysfunction promotes non-reciprocal translocations and epithelial cancers in mice
    • Artandi SE, Chang S, Lee S-L, et al: Telomere dysfunction promotes non-reciprocal translocations and epithelial cancers in mice. Nature 406:461-465, 2000
    • (2000) Nature , vol.406 , pp. 461-465
    • Artandi, S.E.1    Chang, S.2    Lee, S.-L.3
  • 125
    • 0034978564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomere dysfunction and evolution of intestinal carcinoma in mice and humans
    • Rudolph KL, Millard M, Bosenberg MW, et al: Telomere dysfunction and evolution of intestinal carcinoma in mice and humans. Nat Genet 28:155-159, 2001
    • (2001) Nat Genet , vol.28 , pp. 155-159
    • Rudolph, K.L.1    Millard, M.2    Bosenberg, M.W.3
  • 126
    • 0033027796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase expression in intracranial tumours: Prognostic potential for malignant gliomas and meningiomas
    • Falchetti ML, Pallini R, Larocca LM, et al: Telomerase expression in intracranial tumours: Prognostic potential for malignant gliomas and meningiomas. J Clin Pathol 52:234-236, 1999
    • (1999) J Clin Pathol , vol.52 , pp. 234-236
    • Falchetti, M.L.1    Pallini, R.2    Larocca, L.M.3
  • 127
    • 0030958176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase activity in ordinary meningiomas predicts poor outcome
    • Langford LA, Piatyszek MA, Xu R, et al: Telomerase activity in ordinary meningiomas predicts poor outcome. Hum Pathol 28:416-420, 1997
    • (1997) Hum Pathol , vol.28 , pp. 416-420
    • Langford, L.A.1    Piatyszek, M.A.2    Xu, R.3
  • 128
    • 0034983193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase activity and telomere length in thyroid neoplasia: Biological and clinical implications
    • Matthews P, Jones CJ, Skinner J, et al: Telomerase activity and telomere length in thyroid neoplasia: Biological and clinical implications. J Pathol 194:183-193, 2001
    • (2001) J Pathol , vol.194 , pp. 183-193
    • Matthews, P.1    Jones, C.J.2    Skinner, J.3
  • 129
    • 0034243071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The detection of telomerase activity in patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas by fine needle aspiration
    • Pearson AS, Chiao P, Zhang L, et al: The detection of telomerase activity in patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas by fine needle aspiration. Int J Oncol 17:381-385, 2000
    • (2000) Int J Oncol , vol.17 , pp. 381-385
    • Pearson, A.S.1    Chiao, P.2    Zhang, L.3
  • 130
    • 0034048653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase activity as a potential marker in preneoplastic bladder lesions
    • Lancelin F, Anidjar M, Villette JM, et al: Telomerase activity as a potential marker in preneoplastic bladder lesions. Br J Urol Int 85:526-531, 2000
    • (2000) Br J Urol Int , vol.85 , pp. 526-531
    • Lancelin, F.1    Anidjar, M.2    Villette, J.M.3
  • 131
    • 0035283897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase in relation to clinicopathologic prognostic factors and survival in cervical cancer
    • Wisman GB, Knol AJ, Helder MN, et al: Telomerase in relation to clinicopathologic prognostic factors and survival in cervical cancer. Int J Cancer 91:658-664, 2001
    • (2001) Int J Cancer , vol.91 , pp. 658-664
    • Wisman, G.B.1    Knol, A.J.2    Helder, M.N.3
  • 132
    • 0034041446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase activity in Papanicolaou smear-negative exfoliated cervical cells and its association with lesions and oncogenic human papillomaviruses
    • Zheng PS, Iwasaka T, Zhang ZM, et al: Telomerase activity in Papanicolaou smear-negative exfoliated cervical cells and its association with lesions and oncogenic human papillomaviruses. Gynecol Oncol 77:394-398, 2000
    • (2000) Gynecol Oncol , vol.77 , pp. 394-398
    • Zheng, P.S.1    Iwasaka, T.2    Zhang, Z.M.3
  • 133
    • 0032531003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Close correlation between telomerase expression and adenomatous polyp progression in multistep colorectal carcinogenesis
    • Tang R, Cheng AJ, Wang JY, et al: Close correlation between telomerase expression and adenomatous polyp progression in multistep colorectal carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 58:4052-4054, 1998
    • (1998) Cancer Res , vol.58 , pp. 4052-4054
    • Tang, R.1    Cheng, A.J.2    Wang, J.Y.3
  • 134
    • 0033557605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase activity in patients with transitional cell carcinoma: A preliminary study
    • Rahat MA, Lahat N, Gazawi H, et al: Telomerase activity in patients with transitional cell carcinoma: A preliminary study. Cancer 85:919-924, 1999
    • (1999) Cancer , vol.85 , pp. 919-924
    • Rahat, M.A.1    Lahat, N.2    Gazawi, H.3
  • 135
    • 0034010312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase activity is down regulated via decreases in hTERT mRNA but not TEP1 mRNA or hTERC during the differentiation of leukemic cells
    • Koyanagi Y, Kobayashi D, Yajima T, et al: Telomerase activity is down regulated via decreases in hTERT mRNA but not TEP1 mRNA or hTERC during the differentiation of leukemic cells. Anticancer Res 20:773-778, 2000
    • (2000) Anticancer Res , vol.20 , pp. 773-778
    • Koyanagi, Y.1    Kobayashi, D.2    Yajima, T.3
  • 136
  • 137
    • 0033371752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of telomerase activity in biopsy samples of colorectal cancer
    • Fang DC, Young J, Luo YH, et al: Detection of telomerase activity in biopsy samples of colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 14:328-332, 1999
    • (1999) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.14 , pp. 328-332
    • Fang, D.C.1    Young, J.2    Luo, Y.H.3
  • 138
    • 0031809832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of TERT in early premalignant lesions and a subset of cells in normal tissues
    • Kolquist KA, Ellisen LW, Counter CM, et al: Expression of TERT in early premalignant lesions and a subset of cells in normal tissues. Nat Genet 19:182-186, 1998
    • (1998) Nat Genet , vol.19 , pp. 182-186
    • Kolquist, K.A.1    Ellisen, L.W.2    Counter, C.M.3
  • 139
    • 18644373013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase contributes to tumorigenesis by a telomere length-independent mechanism
    • Stewart SA, Hahn WC, O'Connor BF, et al: Telomerase contributes to tumorigenesis by a telomere length-independent mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:12606-12611, 2002
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.99 , pp. 12606-12611
    • Stewart, S.A.1    Hahn, W.C.2    O'Connor, B.F.3
  • 140
    • 0035355340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased epidermal tumors and increased skin wound healing in transgenic mice overexpressing the catalytic subunit of telomerase, mTERT, in basal keratinocytes
    • Gonzalez-Suarez E, Samper E, Ramirez A, et al: Increased epidermal tumors and increased skin wound healing in transgenic mice overexpressing the catalytic subunit of telomerase, mTERT, in basal keratinocytes. EMBO J 20:2619-2630, 2001
    • (2001) EMBO J , vol.20 , pp. 2619-2630
    • Gonzalez-Suarez, E.1    Samper, E.2    Ramirez, A.3
  • 141
    • 0037062454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutive telomerase expression promotes mammary carcinomas in aging mice
    • Artandi SE, Alson S, Tietze MK, et al: Constitutive telomerase expression promotes mammary carcinomas in aging mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:8191-8196, 2002
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.99 , pp. 8191-8196
    • Artandi, S.E.1    Alson, S.2    Tietze, M.K.3
  • 142
    • 0033754823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dyskeratosis congenita in all its forms
    • Dokal I: Dyskeratosis congenita in all its forms. Br J Haematol 110:768-779, 2000
    • (2000) Br J Haematol , vol.110 , pp. 768-779
    • Dokal, I.1
  • 143
    • 0033518188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A telomerase component is defective in the human disease dyskeratosis congenita
    • Mitchell JR, Wood E, Collins K: A telomerase component is defective in the human disease dyskeratosis congenita. Nature 402:551-555, 1999
    • (1999) Nature , vol.402 , pp. 551-555
    • Mitchell, J.R.1    Wood, E.2    Collins, K.3
  • 144
    • 0035960043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The RNA component of telomerase is mutated in autosomal dominant dyskeratosis congenita
    • Vulliamy T, Marrone A, Goldman F, et al: The RNA component of telomerase is mutated in autosomal dominant dyskeratosis congenita. Nature 413:432-435, 2001
    • (2001) Nature , vol.413 , pp. 432-435
    • Vulliamy, T.1    Marrone, A.2    Goldman, F.3
  • 145
    • 0035871710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: Telomerase activation in human T lymphocytes does not require increase in telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) protein but is associated with hTERT phosphorylation and nuclear translocation
    • Liu K, Hodes RJ, Weng N: Cutting edge: Telomerase activation in human T lymphocytes does not require increase in telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) protein but is associated with hTERT phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. J Immunol 166:4826-4830, 2001
    • (2001) J Immunol , vol.166 , pp. 4826-4830
    • Liu, K.1    Hodes, R.J.2    Weng, N.3
  • 146
    • 0032530136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase activity in human development is regulated by human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) transcription and by alternate splicing of hTERT transcripts
    • Ulaner GA, Hu JF, Vu TH, et al: Telomerase activity in human development is regulated by human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) transcription and by alternate splicing of hTERT transcripts. Cancer Res 58:4168-4172, 1998
    • (1998) Cancer Res , vol.58 , pp. 4168-4172
    • Ulaner, G.A.1    Hu, J.F.2    Vu, T.H.3
  • 147
    • 0036102606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomere length assessment in human archival tissues: Combined telomere fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunostaining
    • Meeker AK, Gage WR, Hicks JL, et al: Telomere length assessment in human archival tissues: Combined telomere fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunostaining. Am J Pathol 160:1259-1268, 2002
    • (2002) Am J Pathol , vol.160 , pp. 1259-1268
    • Meeker, A.K.1    Gage, W.R.2    Hicks, J.L.3
  • 148
    • 18544364628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of human telomerase inhibition by BIBR1532, a synthetic, non-nucleosidic drug candidate
    • Pascolo E, Wenz C, Lingner J, et al: Mechanism of human telomerase inhibition by BIBR1532, a synthetic, non-nucleosidic drug candidate. J Biol Chem 277:15566-15572, 2002
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , pp. 15566-15572
    • Pascolo, E.1    Wenz, C.2    Lingner, J.3
  • 149
    • 0027220845 scopus 로고
    • The beta subunit of Oxytricha telomere-binding protein promotes G-quartet formation by telomeric DNA
    • Fang G, Cech TR: The beta subunit of Oxytricha telomere-binding protein promotes G-quartet formation by telomeric DNA. Cell 74:875-885, 1993
    • (1993) Cell , vol.74 , pp. 875-885
    • Fang, G.1    Cech, T.R.2
  • 150
    • 0035282707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethidium derivatives bind to G-quartets, inhibit telomerase and act as fluorescent probes for quadruplexes
    • Koeppel F, Riou JF, Laoui A, et al: Ethidium derivatives bind to G-quartets, inhibit telomerase and act as fluorescent probes for quadruplexes. Nucleic Acids Res 29:1087-1096, 2001
    • (2001) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.29 , pp. 1087-1096
    • Koeppel, F.1    Riou, J.F.2    Laoui, A.3
  • 151
    • 0032718247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of telomerase inhibitors: The G-quartet approach
    • Mergny JL, Mailliet P, Lavelle F, et al: The development of telomerase inhibitors: The G-quartet approach. Anticancer Drug Des 14:327-339, 1999
    • (1999) Anticancer Drug Des , vol.14 , pp. 327-339
    • Mergny, J.L.1    Mailliet, P.2    Lavelle, F.3
  • 152
    • 0027520196 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a G-quartet formation reaction promoted by the beta-subunit of the Oxytricha telomere-binding protein
    • Fang G, Cech TR: Characterization of a G-quartet formation reaction promoted by the beta-subunit of the Oxytricha telomere-binding protein. Biochemistry 32:11646-11657, 1993
    • (1993) Biochemistry , vol.32 , pp. 11646-11657
    • Fang, G.1    Cech, T.R.2
  • 153
    • 0029975255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase as a potential molecular target to study G-quartet phosphorothioates
    • Sharma HW, Hsiao R, Narayanan R: Telomerase as a potential molecular target to study G-quartet phosphorothioates. Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev 6:3-7, 1996
    • (1996) Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev , vol.6 , pp. 3-7
    • Sharma, H.W.1    Hsiao, R.2    Narayanan, R.3
  • 154
    • 0036562687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomere maintenance as a target for anticancer drug therapy
    • Neidle S, Parkinson G: Telomere maintenance as a target for anticancer drug therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discovery 1:383-393, 2002
    • (2002) Nat Rev Drug Discovery , vol.1 , pp. 383-393
    • Neidle, S.1    Parkinson, G.2
  • 155
    • 0025877846 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of telomerase by G-quartet DNA structures
    • Zahler AM, Williamson JR, Cech TR, et al: Inhibition of telomerase by G-quartet DNA structures. Nature 350:718-720, 1991
    • (1991) Nature , vol.350 , pp. 718-720
    • Zahler, A.M.1    Williamson, J.R.2    Cech, T.R.3
  • 156
    • 0034938685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular targeting of cancer: Telomeres as targets
    • Hodes R: Molecular targeting of cancer: Telomeres as targets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:7649-7651, 2001
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.98 , pp. 7649-7651
    • Hodes, R.1
  • 157
    • 0035045477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase activation, cellular immortalization and cancer
    • Hahn WC, Meyerson M: Telomerase activation, cellular immortalization and cancer. Ann Med 33:123-129, 2001
    • (2001) Ann Med , vol.33 , pp. 123-129
    • Hahn, W.C.1    Meyerson, M.2
  • 158
    • 0034307303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor-specific transgene expression from the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter enables targeting of the therapeutic effects of the Bax gene to cancers
    • Gu J, Kagawa S, Takakura M, et al: Tumor-specific transgene expression from the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter enables targeting of the therapeutic effects of the Bax gene to cancers. Cancer Res 60:5359-5364, 2000
    • (2000) Cancer Res , vol.60 , pp. 5359-5364
    • Gu, J.1    Kagawa, S.2    Takakura, M.3
  • 159
    • 0035030329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter drives efficacious tumor suicide gene therapy while preventing hepatotoxicity encountered with constitutive promoters
    • Majumdar AS, Hughes DE, Lichtsteiner SP, et al: The telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter drives efficacious tumor suicide gene therapy while preventing hepatotoxicity encountered with constitutive promoters. Gene Ther 8:568-578, 2001
    • (2001) Gene Ther , vol.8 , pp. 568-578
    • Majumdar, A.S.1    Hughes, D.E.2    Lichtsteiner, S.P.3
  • 160
    • 0034904662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FADD gene therapy using the human telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT) gene promoter to restrict induction of apoptosis to tumors in vitro and in vivo
    • Koga S, Hirohata S, Kondo Y, et al: FADD gene therapy using the human telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT) gene promoter to restrict induction of apoptosis to tumors in vitro and in vivo. Anticancer Res 21:1937-1943, 2001
    • (2001) Anticancer Res , vol.21 , pp. 1937-1943
    • Koga, S.1    Hirohata, S.2    Kondo, Y.3
  • 161
    • 0035422652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of malignant glioma cells with the transfer of constitutively active caspase-6 using the human telomerase catalytic subunit (human telomerase reverse transcriptase) gene promoter
    • Komata T, Kondo Y, Kanzawa T, et al: Treatment of malignant glioma cells with the transfer of constitutively active caspase-6 using the human telomerase catalytic subunit (human telomerase reverse transcriptase) gene promoter. Cancer Res 61:5796-5802, 2001
    • (2001) Cancer Res , vol.61 , pp. 5796-5802
    • Komata, T.1    Kondo, Y.2    Kanzawa, T.3
  • 162
    • 0034575796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of transcriptional regulatory sequences of telomerase (hTER and hTERT) for selective killing of cancer cells
    • Abdul-Ghani R, Ghana P, Matouk I, et al: Use of transcriptional regulatory sequences of telomerase (hTER and hTERT) for selective killing of cancer cells. Mol Ther 2:539-544, 2000
    • (2000) Mol Ther , vol.2 , pp. 539-544
    • Abdul-Ghani, R.1    Ghana, P.2    Matouk, I.3
  • 163
    • 0033826798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of cytotoxic T cell responses and tumor immunity against unrelated tumors using telomerase reverse transcriptase RNA transfected dendritic cells
    • Nair SK, Heiser A, Boczkowski D, et al: Induction of cytotoxic T cell responses and tumor immunity against unrelated tumors using telomerase reverse transcriptase RNA transfected dendritic cells. Nat Med 6:1011-1017, 2000
    • (2000) Nat Med , vol.6 , pp. 1011-1017
    • Nair, S.K.1    Heiser, A.2    Boczkowski, D.3
  • 164
    • 0035353178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of human telomerase reverse transcriptase-derived peptides that induce HLA-A24-restricted antileukemia cytotoxic T lymphocytes
    • Arai J, Yasukawa M, Ohminami H, et al: Identification of human telomerase reverse transcriptase-derived peptides that induce HLA-A24-restricted antileukemia cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Blood 97:2903-2907, 2001
    • (2001) Blood , vol.97 , pp. 2903-2907
    • Arai, J.1    Yasukawa, M.2    Ohminami, H.3
  • 165
    • 0033151591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The telomerase catalytic subunit is a widely expressed tumor-associated antigen recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes
    • Vonderheide RH, Hahn WC, Schultze JL, et al: The telomerase catalytic subunit is a widely expressed tumor-associated antigen recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Immunity 10:673-679, 1999
    • (1999) Immunity , vol.10 , pp. 673-679
    • Vonderheide, R.H.1    Hahn, W.C.2    Schultze, J.L.3
  • 166
    • 0035577861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equivalent induction of telomerase-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from tumor-bearing patients and healthy individuals
    • Vonderheide RH, Schultze JL, Anderson KS, et al: Equivalent induction of telomerase-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from tumor-bearing patients and healthy individuals. Cancer Res 61:8366-8370, 2001
    • (2001) Cancer Res , vol.61 , pp. 8366-8370
    • Vonderheide, R.H.1    Schultze, J.L.2    Anderson, K.S.3
  • 167
    • 0037148344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomerase as a universal tumor-associated antigen for cancer immunotherapy
    • Vonderheide RH: Telomerase as a universal tumor-associated antigen for cancer immunotherapy. Oncogene 21:674-679, 2002
    • (2002) Oncogene , vol.21 , pp. 674-679
    • Vonderheide, R.H.1
  • 168
    • 0034606226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short telomeres resuit in organismal hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation in mammals
    • Goytisolo FA, Samper E, Martin-Caballero J, et al: Short telomeres resuit in organismal hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation in mammals. J Exp Med 192:1625-1636, 2000
    • (2000) J Exp Med , vol.192 , pp. 1625-1636
    • Goytisolo, F.A.1    Samper, E.2    Martin-Caballero, J.3
  • 169
    • 0033822365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomere dysfunction impairs DNA repair and enhances sensitivity to ionizing radiation
    • Wong KK, Chang S, Weiler SR, et al: Telomere dysfunction impairs DNA repair and enhances sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Nat Genet 26:85-88, 2000
    • (2000) Nat Genet , vol.26 , pp. 85-88
    • Wong, K.K.1    Chang, S.2    Weiler, S.R.3
  • 170
    • 0035853058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telomere dysfunction alters the chemotherapeutic profile of transformed cells
    • Lee KH, Rudolph KL, Ju YJ, et al: Telomere dysfunction alters the chemotherapeutic profile of transformed cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:3381-3386, 2001
    • (2001) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.98 , pp. 3381-3386
    • Lee, K.H.1    Rudolph, K.L.2    Ju, Y.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.