The terminal DNA structure of mammalian chromosomes

EMBO Journal

Volumn 16, Issue 12, 1997, Pages 3705-3714

  McElligott, Richard ^a   Wellinger, Raymund J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHERBROOKE   (Canada)

Author keywords

DNA structure; G rich overhang; Telomere; Vertebrates

Indexed keywords

TELOMERASE;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CELL DIVISION; CENTROMERE; CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA STRUCTURE; ENZYME ACTIVITY; EUKARYOTE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; LEUKOCYTE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TELOMERE; TISSUE CULTURE CELL;

ANIMALS; BASE SEQUENCE; CELL LINE, TRANSFORMED; DNA; DNA REPLICATION; DNA, SINGLE-STRANDED; HELA CELLS; HUMANS; MAMMALS; MICE; NUCLEIC ACID CONFORMATION; TELOMERASE; TELOMERE;

ANIMALIA; EUKARYOTA; MAMMALIA; METAZOA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0030982721     PISSN: 02614189     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/emboj/16.12.3705     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Allsopp, R.C., Vaziri, H., Patterson, C., Goldstein, S., Younglai, E.V., Futcher, A.B., Greider, C.W. and Harley, C.B. (1992) Telomere length predicts replicative capacity of human fibroblasts. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 10114-10118.
2. Ben-David, Y., Bani, M.R., Chabot, B., De Koven, A. and Bernstein, A. (1992) Retroviral insertions downstream of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 gene in erythroleukemia cells: evidence that A1 is not essential for cell growth. Mol. Cell. Biol., 12, 4449-4455.
3. Blackburn, E.H. (1994) Telomeres: no end in sight. Cell, 77, 621-623.
4. Blackburn, E.H. and Chiou, S.-S. (1981) Non-nucleosomal packaging of a tandemly repeated DNA sequence at termini of extra-chromosomal DNA coding for rRNA in Tetrahymena. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 78, 2263-2267.
5. Blackburn, E.H. and Gall, J.G. (1978) A tandemly repeated sequence at the termini of the extrachromosomal ribosomal RNA genes in Tetrahymena. J. Mol. Biol., 120, 33-53.
6. Blackburn, E.H. and Greider, C.W. (1995) Telomeres. 1st edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.
7. Boyum, A. (1968) Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood. Isolation of mononuclear cells by one centrifugation, and of granulocytes by combining centrifugation and sedimentation at 1g. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest., 21 (suppl. 97), 77-89.
8. Buchkovich, K.J. and Greider, C.W. (1996) Telomerase regulation during entry into the cell cycle in normal human T cells. Mol. Biol. Cell, 7, 1443-1454.
9. Cardenas, M.E., Bianchi, A. and de Lange, T. (1993) A Xenopus egg factor with DNA-binding properties characteristic of terminus-specific telomeric proteins. Genes Dev., 7, 870-882.
10. Counter, C.M., Avilion, A.A., LeFeuvre, C.E., Stewart, N.G., Greider, C.W., Harley, C.B. and Bacchetti, S. (1992) Telomere shortening associated with chromosome instability is arrested in immortal cells which express telomerase activity. EMBO J., 11, 1921-1929.
11. Counter, C.M., Hirte, H.W., Bacchetti, S. and Harley, C.B. (1994) Telomerase activity in human ovarian carcinoma. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 2900-2904.
12. de Lange, T., Shiue, L., Myers, R.M., Cox, D.R., Naylor, S.L., Killery, A.M. and Varmus, H.E. (1990) Structure and variability of human chromosome ends. Mol. Cell. Biol., 10, 518-527.
13. Dionne, I. and Wellinger, R.J. (1996) Cell cycle regulated generation of single-stranded G-rich DNA in the absence of telomerase. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 13902-13907.
14. Garvik, B., Carson, M. and Hartwell, L. (1995) Single-stranded DNA arising at telomeres in cdc13 mutants may constitute a specific signal for the RAD9 checkpoint. Mol. Cell. Biol., 15, 6128-6138.
15. Gottschling, D.E. and Cech, T.R. (1984) Chromatin structure of the molecular ends of Oxytricha macronuclear DNA: phased nucleosomes and a telomeric complex. Cell, 38, 501-510.
16. Gottschling, D.E. and Zakian, V.A. (1986) Telomere proteins: specific recognition and protection of the natural termini of Oxytricha macronuclear DNA. Cell, 47, 195-205.
17. Gray, J.T., Celander, D.W., Price, C.M. and Cech, T.R. (1991) Cloning and expression of genes for the Oxytricha telomere-binding protein: specific subunit interactions in the telomeric complex. Cell, 67, 807-814.
18. Greider, C.W. (1996) Telomere length regulation. Annu. Rev. Biochem., 65, 337-365.
19. Greider, C.W. and Blackburn, E.H. (1985) Identification of a specific telomere terminal transferase activity in Tetrahymena extracts. Cell, 43, 405-113.
20. Hanish, J.P., Yanowitz, J.L. and de Lange, T. (1994) Stringent sequence requirements for the formation of human telomeres. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 886-890.
21. Harley, C.B., Futcher, A.B. and Greider, C.W. (1990) Telomeres shorten during ageing of human fibroblasts. Nature, 345, 458-460.
22. Hastie, N.D., Dempster, M., Dunlop, M.G., Thompson, A.M., Green, D.K. and Allshire, R.C. (1990) Telomere reduction in human colorectal carcinoma and with ageing. Nature, 346, 866-868.
23. Henderson, E.R. and Blackbum, E.H. (1989) An overhanging 3′ terminus is a conserved feature of telomeres. Mol. Cell. Biol., 9, 345-348.
24. Henikoff, S. and Eghtedarzadeh, M.K. (1987) Conserved arrangement of nested genes at the Drosophila Gart locus. Genetics, 117, 711-725.
25. Johnston, R.F., Pickett, S.C. and Barker, D.L. (1990) Autoradiography using storage phosphor technology. Electrophoresis, 11, 355-360.
26. Kim, M.W. et al. (1994) Specific association of human telomerase activity with immortal cells and cancer. Science, 266, 2011-2014.
27. Kipling, D. and Cooke, H.J. (1990) Hypervariable ultra-long telomeres in mice. Nature, 347, 400-402.
28. Klobutcher, L.A., Swanton, M.T., Donini, P. and Prescott, D.M. (1981) All gene-sized DNA molecules in four species of hypotrichs have the same terminal sequence and an unusual 3′ terminus. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 78, 3015-3019.
29. Kornberg, A. and Baker, T.A. (1992) DNA Replication. 2nd edn. W.H. Freeman and Co., New York.
30. Lehmann, I.R. and Nussbaum, A.L. (1964) The deoxyribonucleases of E. coli. (V). On the specificity of exonuclease I (phosphodiesterase). J. Biol. Chem., 239, 2628-2634.
31. Lejnine, S., Makarov, V. and Langmore, J.P. (1995) Conserved nucleoprotein structure at the ends of vertebrate and invertebrate chromosomes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 92, 2393-2397.
32. 1-3 telomeric DNA-binding protein in vitro that affects telomere behavior in vivo. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 13760-13765.
33. Lingner, J., Cooper, J.P. and Cech, T.R. (1995) Telomerase and DNA end replication: no longer a lagging strand problem? Science, 269, 1533-1534.
34. Makarov, V.L., Hirose, Y. and Langmore, J.P. (1997) Long G tails at both ends of human chromosomes suggest a C strand degradation mechanism for telomere shortening. Cell, 88, 657-666.
35. McClintock, B. (1939) The behavior in successive nuclear divisions of a chromosome broken at meiosis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 25, 405-416.
36. n among vertebrates. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 86, 7049-7053.
37. Morin, G.B. (1989) The human telomere terminal transferase enzyme is a ribonucleoprotein that synthesizes TTAGGG repeats. Cell, 59, 521-529.
38. n, present at the telomeres of human chromosomes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 85, 6622-6626.
39. Muller, H.J. (1938) The remaking of chromosomes. The Collecting Net, 13, 181-95, 198.
40. Nugent, C.I., Hughes, T.R., Lue, N.F. and Lundblad, V. (1996) Cdc13: a single-strand telomeric DNA-binding protein with a dual role in yeast telomere maintenance. Science, 274, 249-252.
41. Olovnikov, A. (1971) Principles of marginotomy in template synthesis of polynucleotides. Doklady Akad. Nauk. SSSR, 201, 1496-1499 (in Russian).
42. Price, C.M. (1990) Telomere structure in Euplotes crassus: characterization of DNA-protein interactions and isolation of a telomere-binding protein. Mol. Cell. Biol., 10, 3421-3431.
43. Price, C.M. and Cech, T.R. (1989) Properties of the telomeric DNA-binding protein from Oxytricha nova. Biochemistry, 28, 769-774.
44. Raghuraman, M.K., Dunn, C.J., Hicke, B.J. and Cech, T.R. (1989) Oxytricha telomeric nucleoprotein complexes reconstituted with synthetic DNA. Nucleic Acids Res., 17, 4235-4253.
45. Roth, M. and Prescott, D.M. (1985) DNA intermediates and telomere addition during genome reorganization in Euplotes crassus. Cell, 41, 411-417.
46. Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F. and Maniatis, T. (1989) Molecular Cloning; A Laboratory Manual. 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York.
47. Sandell, L.S. and Zakian, V.A. (1993) Loss of a yeast telomere: arrest, recovery, and chromosome loss. Cell, 75, 729-739.
48. Sheng, H., Hou, Z., Schierer, T. Dobbs, D.L. and Henderson, E. (1995) Identification and characterization of a putative telomere end-binding protein from Tetrahymena thermophila. Mol. Cell. Biol., 15, 1144-1153.
49. Starling, J.A., Maule. J, Hastie, N.D. and Allshire, R.C. (1990) Extensive telomere repeat arrays in mouse are hypervariable. Nucleic Acids Res., 18, 6881-6888.
50. Tommerup, H., Dousmanis, A. and de Lange, T. (1994) Unusual chromatin in human telomeres. Mol. Cell. Biol., 14, 5777-5785.
51. Vermeesch, J.R. and Price, C.M. (1994) Telomeric DNA sequence and structure following de novo telomere synthesis in Euplotes crassus. Mol. Cell. Biol., 14, 554-566.
52. Watson, J.D. (1972) Origin of concatemeric DNA. Nature New Biol., 239, 197-201.
53. Wellinger, R.J., Wolf, A.J. and Zakian, V.A. (1992) Use of non-denaturing Southern hybridization and two dimensional agarose gels to detect putative intermediates in telomere replication in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Chromosoma, 102, S150-S156.
54. 1-3 tails occur sequentially in late S phase on a yeast linear plasmid. Mol. Cell. Biol., 13, 4057-4065.
55. 1-3 tails late in S phase. Cell, 72, 51-60.
56. Wellinger, R.J., Ethier, K., Labrecque, P. and Zakian, V.A. (1996) Evidence for a new step in telomere maintenance. Cell, 85, 423-433.
57. Wright, J.H., Gottschling, D.E. and Zakian, V.A. (1992) Saccharomyces telomeres assume a non-nucleosomal chromatin structure. Genes Dev., 6, 197-210.
58. Yao, M.-C. and Yao, C.-H. (1981) Repeated hexanucleotide C-C-C-C-A-A is present near free ends of macronuclear DNA of Tetrahymena. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 78, 7436-7439.
59. Yu, G.-L., Bradley, J.D., Attardi, L.D. and Blackburn, E.H. (1990) In vivo alteration of telomere sequences and senescence caused by mutated Tetrahymena telomerase RNAs. Nature, 344, 126-132.
60. Zahler, A.M. and Prescott, D.M. (1989) DNA primase and the replication of the telomeres in Oxytricha nova. Nucleic Acids Res., 17, 6299-6317.
61. Zakian, V.A. (1995) Telomeres: beginning to understand the end. Science, 270, 1601-1607.
62. Zhong, Z., Shiue, L., Kaplan, S. and de Lange, T. (1992) A mammalian factor that binds telomeric TTAGGG repeats in vitro. Mol. Cell. Biol., 12, 4834-4843.
63. Zoller, M.J. and Smith, M. (1987) Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis: a simple method using two oligonucleotide primers and a single-stranded DNA template. Methods Enzymol., 154, 329-350.