Telomerase activity is sufficient to allow transformed cells to escape from crisis

Molecular and Cellular Biology

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 1864-1870

  Halvorsen, Tanya L ^a   Leibowitz, Gil ^a   Levine, Fred ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

TELOMERASE;

ARTICLE; CELL IMMORTALIZATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL SURVIVAL; CELL TRANSFORMATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TELOMERE;

SIMIAE; SIMIAN VIRUS; SIMIAN VIRUS 40;

EID: 0033019840     PISSN: 02707306     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/MCB.19.3.1864     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Allshire, R. C., M. Dempster, and N. D. Hastie. 1989. Human telomeres contain at least three types of G-rich repeat distributed nonrandomly. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:4611-4627.
2. Benjamin, T., and P. K. Vogt. 1990. Cell transformation by viruses, p. 317-368. In B. N. Fields et al. (ed.), Virology, 2nd ed. Raven Press, Ltd., New York, N. Y.
3. Blackburn, E. H. 1991. Structure and function of telomeres. Nature 350:569-573.
4. Blackburn, E. H. 1991. Telomeres. Trends Biochem. Sci. 16:378-381.
5. Blasco, M. A., H. W. Lee, M. P. Hande, E. Samper, P. M. Lansdorp, R. A. DePinho, and C. W. Greider. 1997. Telomere shortening and tumor formation by mouse cells lacking telomerase RNA [see comments]. Cell 91:25-34.
6. Bodnar, A. G., M. Ouellette, M. Frolkis, S. E. Holt, C. P. Chiu, G. B. Morin, C. B. Harley, J. W. Shay, S. Lichtsteiner, and W. E. Wright. 1998. Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells [see comments]. Science 279:349-352.
7. Brown, J. P., W. Wei, and J. M. Sedivy. 1997. Bypass of senescence after disruption of p21CIP1/WAF1 gene in normal diploid human fibroblasts. Science 277:831-834.
8. Bryan, T. M., A. Englezou, M. A. Dunham, and R. R. Reddel. 1998. Telomere length dynamics in telomerase-positive immortal human cell populations. Exp. Cell Res. 239:370-378.
9. Bryan, T. M., A. Englezou, J. Gupta, S. Bacchetti, and R. R. Reddel. 1995. Telomere elongation in immortal human cells without detectable telomerase activity. EMBO J. 14:4240-4248.
10. Burns, J. C., T. Friedmann, W. Driever, M. Burrascano, and J.-K. Yee. 1993. Vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein pseudotyped retroviral vectors: concentration to very high titer and efficient gene transfer into mammalian and nonmammalian cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:8033-8037.
11. Butler, M. G., J. Tilburt, A. DeVries, B. Muralidhar, G. Aue, L. Hedges, J. Atkinson, and H. Schwartz. 1998. Comparison of chromosome telomere integrity in multiple tissues from subjects at different ages. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 105:138-144.
12. Campisi, J. 1997. The biology of replicative senescence. Eur. J. Cancer 33: 703-709.
13. Choulika, A., V. Guyot, and J.-F. Nicolas. 1996. Transfer of single gene-containing long terminal repeats into the genome of mammalian cells by a retroviral vector carrying the cre gene and the loxP site. J. Virol. 70:1792-1798.
14. Cormack, B. P., R. H. Valdivia, and S. Falkow. 1996. FACS-optimized mutants of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Gene 173:33-38.
15. Counter, C. M., A. A. Avilion, C. E. LeFeuvre, N. G. Stewart, C. W. Greider, C. B. Harley, and S. Bacchetti. 1992. Telomere shortening associated with chromosome instability is arrested in immortal cells which express telomerase activity. EMBO J. 11:1921-1929.
16. Counter, C. M., F. M. Botelho, P. Wang, C. B. Harley, and S. Bacchetti. 1994. Stabilization of short telomeres and telomerase activity accompany immortalization of Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B lymphocytes. J. Virol. 68:3410-3414.
17. de Lange, T., L. Shiue, R. M. Myers, D. R. Cox, S. L. Naylor, A. M. Killery, and H. E. Varmus. 1990. Structure and variability of human chromosome ends. Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:518-527.
18. De Silva, R., N. J. Whitaker, E. M. Rogan, and R. R. Reddel. 1994. HPV-16 E6 and E7 genes, like SV40 early region genes, are insufficient for immortalization of human mesothelial and bronchial epithelial cells. Exp. Cell Res. 213:418-427.
19. Feng, J., W. D. Funk, S. S. Wang, S. L. Weinrich, A. A. Avilion, C. P. Chiu, R. R. Adams, E. Chang, R. C. Allsopp, J. Yu, S. Le, M. D. West, C. B. Harley, W. H. Andrews, C. W. Greider, and B. Villeponteau. 1995. The RNA component of human telomerase. Science 269:1236-1241.
20. Garkavtsev, I., C. Hull, and K. Riabowol. 1998. Molecular aspects of the relationship between cancer and aging: tumor suppressor activity during cellular senescence. Exp. Gerontol. 33:81-94.
21. Girardi, A. J., F. C. Jensen, and H. Koprowski. 1965. SV40-induced transformation of human diploid cells: crisis and recovery. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 65:69-84.
22. Harley, C. B., A. B. Futcher, and C. W. Greider. 1990. Telomeres shorten during ageing of human fibroblasts. Nature 345:458-460.
23. Holt, S. E., W. E. Wright, and J. W. Shay. 1997. Multiple pathways for the regulation of telomerase activity. Eur. J. Cancer 33:761-766.
24. Huschtscha, L. I., and R. Holliday. 1983. Limited and unlimited growth of SV40-transformed cells from human diploid MRC-5 fibroblasts. J. Cell Sci. 63:77-99.
25. Itkin-Ansari, P. R. Unpublished data.
26. Kim, N. W., M. A. Piatyszek, K. R. Prowse, C. B. Harley, M. D. West, P. L. Ho, G. M. Coviello, W. E. Wright, S. L. Weinrich, and J. W. Shay. 1994. Specific association of human telomerase activity with immortal cells and cancer [see comments]. Science 266:2011-2015.
27. Kipling, D., and H. J. Cooke. 1990. Hypervariable ultra-long telomeres in mice. Nature 347:400-402.
28. Klingelhutz, A. J., S. A. Barber, P. P. Smith, K. Dyer, and J. K. McDougall. 1994. Restoration of telomeres in human papillomavirus-immortalized human anogenital epithelial cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:961-969.
29. Levine, F., J.-K. Yee, and T. Friedmann. 1991. Efficient gene expression in mammalian cells from a dicistronic transcriptional unit in an improved retroviral vector. Gene 108:167-174.
30. Levy, M. Z., R. C. Allsopp, A. B. Futcher, C. W. Greider, and C. B. Harley. 1992. Telomere end-replication problem and cell aging. J. Mol. Biol. 225: 951-960.
31. McEachern, M. J., and E. H. Blackburn. 1995. Runaway telomere elongation caused by telomerase RNA gene mutations. Nature 376:403-409.
32. McElligott, R., and R. J. Wellinger. 1997. The terminal DNA structure of mammalian chromosomes. EMBO J. 16:3705-3714.
33. McKnight, S. L. 1980. The nucleotide sequence and transcript map of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 8:5949-5964.
34. Moorhead, P. S., and E. Saksela. 1965. The sequence of chromosome aberrations during SV40 transformation of a human diploid cell strain. Hereditas 52:271-284.
35. Nakamura, T. M., G. B. Morin, K. B. Chapman, S. L. Weinrich, W. H. Andrews, J. Lingner, C. B. Harley, and T. R. Cech. 1997. Telomerase catalytic subunit homologs from fission yeast and human [see comments]. Science 277:955-959.
36. Nakayama, J., H. Tahara, E. Tahara, M. Saito, K. Ito, H. Nakamura, T. Nakanishi, T. Ide, and F. Ishikawa. 1998. Telomerase activation by hTRT in human normal fibroblasts and hepatocellular carcinomas. Nat. Genet. 18:65-68.
37. Runge, K. W., and V. A. Zakian. 1989. Introduction of extra telomeric DNA sequences into Saccharomyces cerevisiae results in telomere elongation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 9:1488-1497.
38. Sack, G. H., Jr. 1981. Human cell transformation by simian virus 40 - a review. In Vitro 17:1-19.
39. Sauer, B., and N. Henderson. 1988. Site-specific DNA recombination in mammalian cells by the Cre recombinase of bacteriophage P1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:5166-5170.
40. Schmitt, H., N. Blin, H. Zankl, and H. Scherthan. 1994. Telomere length variation in normal and malignant human tissues. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 11:171-177.
41. Shay, J. W., and S. Bacchetti. 1997. A survey of telomerase activity in human cancer. Eur. J. Cancer 33:787-791.
42. Shay, J. W., B. A. Van Der Haegen, Y. Ying, and W. E. Wright. 1993. The frequency of immortalization of human fibroblasts and mammary epithelial cells transfected with SV40 large T-antigen. Exp. Cell Res. 209:45-52.
43. Shay, J. W., W. E. Wright, and H. Werbin. 1991. Defining the molecular mechanisms of human cell immortalization. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1072:1-7.
44. Stewart, N., and S. Bacchetti. 1991. Expression of SV40 large T antigen, but not small T antigen, is required for the induction of chromosomal aberrations in transformed human cells. Virology 180:49-57.
45. Van de Winkle, M., E. Maes, and D. Pipeleers. 1982. Islet cell analysis and purification by light scatter and autofluorescence. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 107:525-532.
46. Vaziri, H., and S. Benchimol. 1998. Reconstitution of telomerase activity in normal human cells leads to elongation of telomeres and extended replicative life span. Curr. Biol. 8:279-282.
47. Wang, S., G. Beattie, A. Hayek, and F. Levine. 1996. Transformation of human primary fibroblasts by pseudotyped retroviral vectors expressing multiple dominant oncogenes from an inducible promoter. Gene 182:145-150.
48. Wang, S., G. M. Beattie, M. I. Mally, V. Cirulli, P. Itkin-Ansari, A. D. Lopez, A. Hayek, and F. Levine. 1997. Isolation and characterization of a cell line from the epithelial cells of the human fetal pancreas. Cell Transplant. 6:59-67.
49. Wang, S., G. M. Beattie, M. I. Mally, V. Cirulli, A. D. Lopez, A. Hayek, and F. Levine. 1996. Development and characterization of cell line from human pancreatic beta-cells and beta-cell precursors using retroviral vectors expressing SV40 T-antigen and H-rasval12. Diabetes 45(Suppl. 2):285A.
50. Wang, S., G. M. Beattie, M. I. Mally, A. D. Lopez, A. Hayek, and F. Levine. 1997. Analysis of a human fetal pancreatic islet cell line. Transplant. Proc. 29:2219.
51. Weinrich, S. L., R. Pruzan, L. Ma, M. Ouellette, V. M. Tesmer, S. E. Holt, A. G. Bodnar, S. Lichtsteiner, N. W. Kim, J. B. Trager, R. D. Taylor, R. Carlos, W. H. Andrews, W. E. Wright, J. W. Shay, C. B. Harley, and G. B. Morin. 1997. Reconstitution of human telomerase with the template RNA component hTR and the catalytic protein subunit hTRT. Nat. Genet. 17: 498-502.
52. Wellinger, R. J., and D. Sen. 1997. The DNA structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Eur. J. Cancer 33:735-749.
53. Wright, W. E., D. Brašiškyté, M. A. Piatyszek, and J. W. Shay. 1996. Experimental elongation of telomeres extends the lifespan of immortal x normal cell hybrids. EMBO J. 15:1734-1741.
54. Wynford-Thomas, D. 1997. Proliferative lifespan checkpoints: cell-type specificity and influence on tumour biology. Eur. J. Cancer 33:716-726.
55. Wynford-Thomas, D. 1996. Telomeres, p53 and cellular senescence. Oncol. Res. 8:387-398.
56. Wynford-Thomas, D., C. J. Jones, and F. S. Wyllie. 1996. The tumour suppressor gene p53 as a regulator of proliferative life-span and tumour progression. Biol. Signals 5:139-153.
57. Xu, L., J.-K. Yee, J. Wolff, and T. Friedmann. 1989. Factors affecting long-term stability of Moloney murine leukemia virus-based vectors. Virology 171:331-341.
58. Youngren, K., E. Jeanclos, H. Aviv, M. Kimura, J. Stock, M. Hanna, J. Skurnick, A. Bardeguez, and A. Aviv. 1998. Synchrony in telomere length of the human fetus. Hum. Genet. 102:640-643.
59. Yu, L. Unpublished data.
60. Zakian, V. A. 1989. Structure and function of telomeres. Annu. Rev. Genet. 23:579-604.
61. Zhong, Z., L. Shiue, S. Kaplan, and T. de Lange. 1992. A mammalian factor that binds telomeric TTAGGG repeats in vitro. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:4834-4843.