Contribution of immune activation to the pathogenesis and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 753-777

  Lawn, S D ^a   Butera, S T ^a   Folks, T M ^a  

^a ST GEORGE'S UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; CD4 ANTIGEN; CD45 ANTIGEN; CHEMOKINE; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR; CHOLERA TOXIN; COTRIMOXAZOLE; CYCLOSPORIN A; CYTOKINE; GENE PRODUCT; GLUCOCORTICOID; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; PENTOXIFYLLINE; PREDNISOLONE; THALIDOMIDE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; VIRUS DNA; VIRUS ENVELOPE PROTEIN; VIRUS RNA;

APOPTOSIS; CHORIOAMNIONITIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; DISEASE COURSE; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNIZATION; LACTATION; LIFE CYCLE; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; MASTITIS; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PHENOTYPE; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; REVIEW; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; VIRUS LOAD; VIRUS REPLICATION; VIRUS TRANSCRIPTION; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; VIRAL LOAD; VIRUS REPLICATION;

DNA VIRUSES; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; RNA VIRUSES;

EID: 0034767911     PISSN: 08938512     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.14.4.753-777.2001     Document Type: Review

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248. Accelerated changes (inflection points) in levels of serum immune activation markers and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells prior to AIDS onset
249. In situ detection of PCR-amplified HIV-1 nucleic acids and tumor necrosis factor cDNA in cervical tissues
250. Human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 replication can be increased in peripheral blood of seropositive patients after influenza vaccination
251. Quantitation of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and plasma load of viral RNA
252. Augmentation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gene expression by tumor necrosis factor alpha
253. Role of viral load in heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by blood transfusion recipients
254. Macrophages as a source of HIV during opportunistic infections
255. Increase in plasma viral load after oral cholera immunization of HIV-infected subjects
256. Effect of immune activation on the dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus replication on the distribution of viral quasispecies
257. Expression of chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 in HIV-1-infected and uninfected individuals
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259. Immune hyperactivation of HIV-1-infected T cells mediated by Tat and the CD28 pathway
260. New concepts in the immunopathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection
261. Evolutionary pattern of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and distribution in lymph nodes following primary infection: Implications for antiviral therapy
262. Genital tract human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) shedding and inflammation and HIV-1 env diversity in perinatal HIV-1 transmission
263. Downregulation of Th1 cytokine production accompanies induction of Th2 responses by a parasitic helminth, Schistosoma mansoni
264. Heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 is associated with high plasma viral load levels and a positive viral isolation in the infected partner
265. HIV-1 dynamics in vivo: Virion clearance rate, infected cell life-span, and viral generation time
266. A cooperative interaction between NF-kappa B and Sp1 is required for HIV-1 enhancer activation
267. Enhancement of HIV type 1 infectivity in vitro by capsular polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans and Haemophilus influenzae
268. Cyclosporineinduced deterioration in patients with AIDS
269. Effects of genital tract inflammation on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 V3 populations in blood and semen
270. Does hepatitis C virus co-infection accelerate clinical and immunological evolution of HIV-infected patients?
271. Maternal and perinatal factors related to maternal-infant transmission of HIV-1 in the P2C2 HIV study: The role of EBV shedding
272. The cytomegalovirus-encoded chemokine receptor US28 can enhance cell-cell fusion mediated by different viral proteins
273. The effect of cytokines and pharmacologic agents on chronic HIV infection
274. Tumor necrosis factor alpha functions in an autocrine manner in the induction of human immunodeficiency virus expression
275. Interleukin 6 induces human immunodeficiency virus expression in infected monocytic cells alone and in synergy with tumor necrosis factor alpha by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms
276. Lipopolysaccharide is a potent monocyte/macrophage-specific stimulator of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression
277. Low plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 2 viral load is independent of proviral load: Low virus production in vivo
278. Lower human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2 viral load reflects the difference in pathogenicity of HIV-1 and HIV-2
279. Diversity of virus population from genital secretions and peripheral blood from women recently infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
280. Imnmnological findings in HIV-Leishmania coinfection
281. Hepatitis C virus infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus
282. Viral load and heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
283. T cell activation and human immunodeficiency virus replication after influenza immunization of infected children
284. Analysis of the T-cell receptor beta-chain variable-region (V beta) repertoire in monozygotic twins discordant for human immunodeficiency virus: Evidence for perturbations of specific V beta segments in CD4+ T cells of the virus-positive twins
285. CD4+ T cell surface CCR5 density as a determining factor of virus load in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
286. Recombinant gp120 specifically enhances tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and Ig secretion in B lymphocytes from HIV-infected individuals but not from seronegative donors
287. Plasma levels of soluble CD30, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and TNF receptors during primary HIV-1 infection: Correlation with HIV-1 RNA and the clinical outcome
288. Immune activation in HIV-infected African individuals. Italian-Ugandan AIDS cooperation program
289. Immunological activation markers in the serum of African and European HIV-positive and -seronegative individuals
290. Dynamics of HIV-1 replication following influenza vaccination of HIV+ individuals
291. HLA class II on HIV particles is functional in superantigen presentation to human T-cells: Implications for HIV pathogenesis
292. Sexual transmission of HIV
293. HIV-1 long terminal repeat modulation by glucocorticoids in monocytic and lymphocytic cell lines
294. The effect of CMV infection on progression of human immunodeficiency virus disease is a cohort of haemophilic men followed for up to 13 years from seroconversion
295. Course of viral load throughout HIV-1 infection
296. The association between hepatitis C virus genotype and human immunodeficiency virus disease progression in a cohort of hemophilic men
297. Impairment of tetanus toxoid-specific Th1-like immune responses in humans infected with Schistosoma mansoni
298. Increased immune activation precedes the inflection point of CD4 T cells and the increased serum virus load in human immunodeficiency virus infection
299. Frequent recovery of HIV-1 from genital herpes simplex virus lesions in HIV-1-infected men
300. Coinfection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I and HIV in Brazil. Impact on markers of HIV disease progression
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307. Phagocytosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis modulates human immunodeficiency virus replication in human monocytic cells
308. Activation of the HIV-1 LTR by T cell mitogens and the trans-activator protein of HTLV-1
309. Changes in circulating levels of HIV, CD4, and tissue expression of HIV in a patient with recent-onset ulcerative colitis treated by surgery. Case report
310. Cytokine network and acute primary HIV-1 infection
311. The influence of cytomegalovirus on the natural history of HIV infection: Evidence of rapid course of HIV infection in HIV-positive patients infected with cytomegalovirus
312. Coinfection and superinfection of hepatitis B virus in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: No evidence of faster progression to AIDS
313. Association of hepatitis B surface antigen and core antibody with acquisition and manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection
314. Selective pressure exerted by immunodominant HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses during primary infection drives genetic variation restricted to the cognate epitope
315. Plasma cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA load predicts CMV disease and survival in AIDS patients
316. Preferential replication of HIV-1 in the CD45RO memory cell subset of primary CD4 lymphocytes in vitro
317. Increase in plasma IL-10 levels and rapid loss of CD4+ T cells among HIV-infected individuals in south India
318. Hepatitis C virus core protein inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication
319. Effect of immunization with a common recall antigen on viral expression in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
320. Activation of virus replication after vaccination of HIV-infected individuals
321. Immune-based therapeutics: Scientific rationale and the promising approaches to the treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus-infected individual
322. Risk for perinatal HIV-1 transmission according to maternal immunologic, virologic, and placental factors
323. Cyclophilin A modulates processing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 p55Gag: Mechanism for antiviral effects of cyclosporin A
324. High levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta in bacterial vaginosis may increase susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus
325. IL-10 in HIV infection: Increasing serum IL-10 levels with disease progression-down-regulatory effect of potent anti-retroviral therapy
326. The effect of acute infectious illnesses on plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 load and the expression of serologic markers of immune activation among HIV-infected adults
327. Treponema pallidum, lipoproteins, and synthetic lipoprotein analogues induce human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gene expression in monocytes via NF-kappaB activation
328. Impact of tuberculosis (TB) on HIV-1 activity in dually infected patients
329. Enhanced susceptibility of blood monocytes from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis to productive infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
330. The acquisition of host-encoded proteins by nascent HIV-1
331. Monocyte-derived cultured dendritic cells are susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus infection and transmit virus to resting T cells in the process of nominal antigen presentation
332. Cytokine signals are sufficient for HIV-1 infection of resting human T lymphocytes
333. Cytokines and cytokine therapies in HIV infection
334. CD4 T cells remain the major source of HIV-1 during end stage disease
335. Generalised immune activation in pulmonary tuberculosis: Coactivation with HIV infection
336. Analysis of the temporal relationship between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 quasipsecies in sequential blood samples and various organs obtained at autopsy
337. Tumour necrosis factors (alpha, beta) induced by HIV-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells potentiate virus replication
338. Th1 cells specific for HIV-1 gag p24 are less efficient than Th0 cells in supporting HIV replication, and inhibit virus replication in Th0 cells
339. Placental membrane inflammation and risks of maternal-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Uganda
340. Co-infection with opportunistic pathogens promotes human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in macrophages
341. Mycobacterium avium complex augments macrophage HIV-1 production and increases CCR5 expression
342. The effect of cyclosporine A on infection of susceptible cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1
343. Pentoxifylline therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive persons with tuberculosis: A randomized, controlled trial
344. Epidemiological synergy: Relationships between human immunodeficiency virus infection and other sexually transmitted diseases
345. Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
346. Differentiation of monocytes to macrophages switches the Mycobacterium tuberculosis effect on HIV-1 replication from stimulation to inhibition: Modulation of interferon response and CCAAT/Enhancer binding protein beta expression
347. Infection by different HIV-1 subtypes (B and C) results in a similar immune activation profile despite distinct immune backgrounds
348. Restoration of normal interleukin-2 production by CD4+ T cells of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients after 9 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy
349. Interleukin-2 up-regulates expression of the human immunodeficiency virus fusion coreceptor CCR5 by CD4+ lymphocytes in vivo
350. The efficiency of acute infection of CD4+ T cells is markedly enhanced in the setting of antigen-specific immune activation
351. Accelerated course of HIV infection after tuberculosis
352. Efficacy of trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole prophylaxis to decrease morbidity and mortality in HIV-1-infected patients with tuberculosis in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire: A randomised controlled trial
353. Effect of preventive treatment for tuberculosis in adults infected with HIV: Systematic review of randomised placebo controlled trials
354. Polymorphic human gene(s) determines differential susceptibility of CD4 lymphocytes to infection by certain HIV-1 isolates
355. Leukocytes of patients with Schistosoma mansoni respond with a Th2 pattern of cytokine production to mitogen or egg antigens but with a Th0 patters to worm antigens
356. Leishmania-HIV interaction: Immunopathogenic mechanisms
357. Selective transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 variants from mothers to infants
358. Normal telomere lengths in naive and memory CD4+ T cells in HIV type 1 infection: A mathematical interpretation
359. In vivo compartmentalization of human immunodeficiency virus: Evidence from the examination of pol sequences from autopsy tissues
360. Recovery of replication-competent HIV despite prolonged suppression of plasma viremia
361. Loss of inducible virus in CD45RA naive cells after human immunodeficiency virus-1 entry accounts for preferential viral replication in CD45RO memory cells
362. HIV-1 expression in the female genital tract associated with cervical inflammation and ulceration
363. Hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients with and without AIDS: Prevalence and relationship to patient survival
364. CCR5 levels and expression pattern correlate with infectability by macrophage-tropic HIV-1, in vitro
365. Plasmodium falciparum antigen-induced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication is mediated through induction of tumor necrosis factoralpha
366. Influenza immunization of HIV-1 infected patients does not increase HIV-1 viral load
367. Incompletely reverse-transcribed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes in quiescent cells can function as intermediates in the retroviral life cycle
368. HIV-1 entry into quiescent primary lymphocytes: Molecular analysis reveals a labile, latent viral structure
369. Increased serum concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors in HIV-infected individuals are associated with immune activation
370. Serum HIV-1 RNA levels compared to soluble markers of immune activation to predict disease progression in HIV-1-infected individuals
371. Selection for specific sequences in the external envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 upon primary infection
372. Mycobacterium tuberculosis enhances HIV-1 replication by transcriptional activation at the long terminal repeat
373. Sexual transmission and propagation of SIV and HIV in resting and activated CD4+ T cells
374. Genetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in blood and genital secretions: Evidence for viral compartmentalization and selection during sexual transmission
375. Threshold of HIV-1 copy numbers for vertical transmission