메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2018, Pages 168-181

Brain insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer disease: Concepts and conundrums

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INSULIN;

EID: 85042632287     PISSN: 17594758     EISSN: 17594766     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.185     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (987)

References (279)
  • 1
    • 84924296638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia including Alzheimer's disease
    • Snyder, H. M. et al. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia including Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 11, 710-717 (2015).
    • (2015) Alzheimers Dement. , vol.11 , pp. 710-717
    • Snyder, H.M.1
  • 2
    • 84921991249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations of the Alzheimer's disease-related dementias conference
    • Montine, T. J. et al. Recommendations of the Alzheimer's disease-related dementias conference. Neurology 83, 851-860 (2014).
    • (2014) Neurology , vol.83 , pp. 851-860
    • Montine, T.J.1
  • 3
    • 84978540597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex mechanisms linking neurocognitive dysfunction to insulin resistance and other metabolic dysfunction
    • Stoeckel, L. E. et al. Complex mechanisms linking neurocognitive dysfunction to insulin resistance and other metabolic dysfunction. F1000Res. 5, 353 (2016).
    • (2016) F1000Res. , vol.5 , pp. 353
    • Stoeckel, L.E.1
  • 4
    • 84962128814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes as a risk factor for dementia in women compared with men: A pooled analysis of 2.3 million people comprising more than 100,000 cases of dementia
    • Chatterjee, S. et al. Type 2 diabetes as a risk factor for dementia in women compared with men: a pooled analysis of 2.3 million people comprising more than 100,000 cases of dementia. Diabetes Care 39, 300-307 (2016).
    • (2016) Diabetes Care , vol.39 , pp. 300-307
    • Chatterjee, S.1
  • 5
    • 84889242737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New animal models of Alzheimer's disease that display insulin desensitization in the brain
    • Gao, C., Liu, Y., Li, L. & Holscher, C. New animal models of Alzheimer's disease that display insulin desensitization in the brain. Rev. Neurosci. 24, 607-615 (2013).
    • (2013) Rev. Neurosci. , vol.24 , pp. 607-615
    • Gao, C.1    Liu, Y.2    Li, L.3    Holscher, C.4
  • 6
    • 84866062805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes, glucose control, and 9-year cognitive decline among older adults without dementia
    • Yaffe, K. et al. Diabetes, glucose control, and 9-year cognitive decline among older adults without dementia. Arch. Neurol. 69, 1170-1175 (2012).
    • (2012) Arch. Neurol. , vol.69 , pp. 1170-1175
    • Yaffe, K.1
  • 8
    • 0035141946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in cognitive abilities over a 4-year period are unfavorably affected in elderly diabetic subjects: Results of the Epidemiology of Vascular Aging Study
    • Fontbonne, A., Berr, C., Ducimetiere, P. & Alperovitch, A. Changes in cognitive abilities over a 4-year period are unfavorably affected in elderly diabetic subjects: results of the Epidemiology of Vascular Aging Study. Diabetes Care 24, 366-370 (2001).
    • (2001) Diabetes Care , vol.24 , pp. 366-370
    • Fontbonne, A.1    Berr, C.2    Ducimetiere, P.3    Alperovitch, A.4
  • 9
    • 1542373533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of type 2 diabetes and cognitive decline in women aged 70-81 years
    • Logroscino, G., Kang, J. H. & Grodstein, F. Prospective study of type 2 diabetes and cognitive decline in women aged 70-81 years. BMJ 328, 548 (2004).
    • (2004) BMJ , vol.328 , pp. 548
    • Logroscino, G.1    Kang, J.H.2    Grodstein, F.3
  • 10
    • 34247110809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of diabetes to mild cognitive impairment
    • Luchsinger, J. A. et al. Relation of diabetes to mild cognitive impairment. Arch. Neurol. 64, 570-575 (2007).
    • (2007) Arch. Neurol. , vol.64 , pp. 570-575
    • Luchsinger, J.A.1
  • 11
    • 0036973393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus and the risk of dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging
    • MacKnight, C., Rockwood, K., Awalt, E. & McDowell, I. Diabetes mellitus and the risk of dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 14, 77-83 (2002).
    • (2002) Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. , vol.14 , pp. 77-83
    • MacKnight, C.1    Rockwood, K.2    Awalt, E.3    McDowell, I.4
  • 12
    • 0032764016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus and the risk of dementia: The Rotterdam Study
    • Ott, A. et al. Diabetes mellitus and the risk of dementia: the Rotterdam Study. Neurology 53, 1937-1942 (1999).
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , pp. 1937-1942
    • Ott, A.1
  • 13
    • 84861520613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in glycemic control are associated with changes in cognition in non-diabetic elderly
    • Ravona-Springer, R. et al. Changes in glycemic control are associated with changes in cognition in non-diabetic elderly. J. Alzheimers Dis. 30, 299-309 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Alzheimers Dis. , vol.30 , pp. 299-309
    • Ravona-Springer, R.1
  • 14
    • 78650029989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin metabolism and the risk of Alzheimer disease: The Rotterdam Study
    • Schrijvers, E. M. et al. Insulin metabolism and the risk of Alzheimer disease: the Rotterdam Study. Neurology 75, 1982-1987 (2010).
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.75 , pp. 1982-1987
    • Schrijvers, E.M.1
  • 15
    • 0042561846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of diabetes on cognitive function among older Latinos: A population-based cohort study
    • Wu, J. H. et al. Impact of diabetes on cognitive function among older Latinos: a population-based cohort study. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 56, 686-693 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Clin. Epidemiol. , vol.56 , pp. 686-693
    • Wu, J.H.1
  • 16
    • 0038460824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of antidiabetic medications on physical and cognitive functioning of older Mexican Americans with diabetes mellitus: A population-based cohort study
    • Wu, J. H. et al. Impact of antidiabetic medications on physical and cognitive functioning of older Mexican Americans with diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study. Ann. Epidemiol. 13, 369-376 (2003).
    • (2003) Ann. Epidemiol. , vol.13 , pp. 369-376
    • Wu, J.H.1
  • 17
    • 0041808927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes as a predictor of change in functional status among older Mexican Americans: A population-based cohort study
    • Wu, J. H. et al. Diabetes as a predictor of change in functional status among older Mexican Americans: a population-based cohort study. Diabetes Care 26, 314-319 (2003).
    • (2003) Diabetes Care , vol.26 , pp. 314-319
    • Wu, J.H.1
  • 18
    • 4143119982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and development of cognitive impairment in older women
    • Yaffe, K. et al. Diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and development of cognitive impairment in older women. Neurology 63, 658-663 (2004).
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.63 , pp. 658-663
    • Yaffe, K.1
  • 19
    • 33748470258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus, dementia, and cognitive function in older persons
    • Arvanitakis, Z., Wilson, R. S. & Bennett, D. A. Diabetes mellitus, dementia, and cognitive function in older persons. J. Nutr. Health Aging 10, 287-291 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Nutr. Health Aging , vol.10 , pp. 287-291
    • Arvanitakis, Z.1    Wilson, R.S.2    Bennett, D.A.3
  • 20
    • 64149126546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of insulin secretion: A matter of phase control and amplitude modulation
    • Henquin, J. C. Regulation of insulin secretion: a matter of phase control and amplitude modulation. Diabetologia 52, 739-751 (2009).
    • (2009) Diabetologia , vol.52 , pp. 739-751
    • Henquin, J.C.1
  • 21
    • 84987838011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of β-cell functional adaptation to changes in workload
    • Wortham, M. & Sander, M. Mechanisms of β-cell functional adaptation to changes in workload. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 18 (Suppl. 1), 78-86 (2016).
    • (2016) Diabetes Obes. Metab. , vol.18 , pp. 78-86
    • Wortham, M.1    Sander, M.2
  • 22
    • 77949741721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a comprehensive neurobiology of IGF-I
    • Torres-Aleman, I. Toward a comprehensive neurobiology of IGF-I. Dev. Neurobiol. 70, 384-396 (2010).
    • (2010) Dev. Neurobiol. , vol.70 , pp. 384-396
    • Torres-Aleman, I.1
  • 23
    • 84962671293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) in brain development, maturation and neuroplasticity
    • Dyer, A. H., Vahdatpour, C., Sanfeliu, A. & Tropea, D. The role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) in brain development, maturation and neuroplasticity. Neuroscience 325, 89-99 (2016).
    • (2016) Neuroscience , vol.325 , pp. 89-99
    • Dyer, A.H.1    Vahdatpour, C.2    Sanfeliu, A.3    Tropea, D.4
  • 24
    • 85030650211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The insulin receptor and its signal transduction network
    • De Meyts, P. The insulin receptor and its signal transduction network. Endotext https://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/books/NBK378978/ (2000).
    • (2000) Endotext
    • De Meyts, P.1
  • 25
    • 33947578085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rab10, a target of the AS160 Rab GAP, is required for insulin-stimulated translocation of GLUT4 to the adipocyte plasma membrane
    • Sano, H. et al. Rab10, a target of the AS160 Rab GAP, is required for insulin-stimulated translocation of GLUT4 to the adipocyte plasma membrane. Cell Metab. 5, 293-303 (2007).
    • (2007) Cell Metab. , vol.5 , pp. 293-303
    • Sano, H.1
  • 26
    • 84905175079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy metabolism in the liver
    • Rui, L. Energy metabolism in the liver. Compr. Physiol. 4, 177-197 (2014).
    • (2014) Compr. Physiol. , vol.4 , pp. 177-197
    • Rui, L.1
  • 27
    • 84969820441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective insulin resistance and the development of cardiovascular diseases in diabetes: The 2015 Edwin Bierman Award lecture
    • King, G. L., Park, K. & Li, Q. Selective insulin resistance and the development of cardiovascular diseases in diabetes: the 2015 Edwin Bierman Award lecture. Diabetes 65, 1462-1471 (2016).
    • (2016) Diabetes , vol.65 , pp. 1462-1471
    • King, G.L.1    Park, K.2    Li, Q.3
  • 28
    • 0025612094 scopus 로고
    • Localization of insulin receptor mRNA in rat brain by in situ hybridization
    • Marks, J. L., Porte, D. Jr., Stahl, W. L. & Baskin, D. G. Localization of insulin receptor mRNA in rat brain by in situ hybridization. Endocrinology 127, 3234-3236 (1990).
    • (1990) Endocrinology , vol.127 , pp. 3234-3236
    • Marks, J.L.1    Porte, D.2    Stahl, W.L.3    Baskin, D.G.4
  • 29
    • 0031725083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin receptors and signal transduction proteins in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system: A review on morphological findings and functional implications
    • Unger, J. W. & Betz, M. Insulin receptors and signal transduction proteins in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system: a review on morphological findings and functional implications. Histol. Histopathol. 13, 1215-1224 (1998).
    • (1998) Histol. Histopathol. , vol.13 , pp. 1215-1224
    • Unger, J.W.1    Betz, M.2
  • 30
    • 0023271871 scopus 로고
    • Localization and characterization of insulin receptors in rat brain and pituitary gland using in vitro autoradiography and computerized densitometry
    • Werther, G. A. et al. Localization and characterization of insulin receptors in rat brain and pituitary gland using in vitro autoradiography and computerized densitometry. Endocrinology 121, 1562-1570 (1987).
    • (1987) Endocrinology , vol.121 , pp. 1562-1570
    • Werther, G.A.1
  • 31
    • 0033521130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain insulin receptors and spatial memory. Correlated changes in gene expression, tyrosine phosphorylation, and signaling molecules in the hippocampus of water maze trained rats
    • Zhao, W. et al. Brain insulin receptors and spatial memory. Correlated changes in gene expression, tyrosine phosphorylation, and signaling molecules in the hippocampus of water maze trained rats. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 34893-34902 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.274 , pp. 34893-34902
    • Zhao, W.1
  • 32
    • 78651254360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid insulin during non-neurological surgery
    • Bromander, S. et al. Cerebrospinal fluid insulin during non-neurological surgery. J. Neural Transm. (Vienna) 117, 1167-1170 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Neural Transm. (Vienna) , vol.117 , pp. 1167-1170
    • Bromander, S.1
  • 33
    • 0023153353 scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid insulin levels increase during intravenous insulin infusions in man
    • Wallum, B. J. et al. Cerebrospinal fluid insulin levels increase during intravenous insulin infusions in man. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 64, 190-194 (1987).
    • (1987) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.64 , pp. 190-194
    • Wallum, B.J.1
  • 34
    • 1842734659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The source of cerebral insulin
    • Banks, W. A. The source of cerebral insulin. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 490, 5-12 (2004).
    • (2004) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.490 , pp. 5-12
    • Banks, W.A.1
  • 35
    • 0027361094 scopus 로고
    • Saturable transport of insulin from plasma into the central nervous system of dogs in vivo. A mechanism for regulated insulin delivery to the brain
    • Baura, G. D. et al. Saturable transport of insulin from plasma into the central nervous system of dogs in vivo. A mechanism for regulated insulin delivery to the brain. J. Clin. Invest. 92, 1824-1830 (1993).
    • (1993) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.92 , pp. 1824-1830
    • Baura, G.D.1
  • 36
    • 0030664286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transport of insulin across the blood-brain barrier: Saturability at euglycemic doses of insulin
    • Banks, W. A., Jaspan, J. B., Huang, W. & Kastin, A. J. Transport of insulin across the blood-brain barrier: saturability at euglycemic doses of insulin. Peptides 18, 1423-1429 (1997).
    • (1997) Peptides , vol.18 , pp. 1423-1429
    • Banks, W.A.1    Jaspan, J.B.2    Huang, W.3    Kastin, A.J.4
  • 37
    • 0021841594 scopus 로고
    • Human blood-brain barrier insulin receptor
    • Pardridge, W. M., Eisenberg, J. & Yang, J. Human blood-brain barrier insulin receptor. J. Neurochem. 44, 1771-1778 (1985).
    • (1985) J. Neurochem. , vol.44 , pp. 1771-1778
    • Pardridge, W.M.1    Eisenberg, J.2    Yang, J.3
  • 38
    • 0026075701 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for entry of plasma insulin into cerebrospinal fluid through an intermediate compartment in dogs. Quantitative aspects and implications for transport
    • Schwartz, M. W. et al. Evidence for entry of plasma insulin into cerebrospinal fluid through an intermediate compartment in dogs. Quantitative aspects and implications for transport. J. Clin. Invest. 88, 1272-1281 (1991).
    • (1991) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.88 , pp. 1272-1281
    • Schwartz, M.W.1
  • 39
    • 84865575373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin in the brain: There and back again
    • Banks, W. A., Owen, J. B. & Erickson, M. A. Insulin in the brain: there and back again. Pharmacol. Ther. 136, 82-93 (2012).
    • (2012) Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.136 , pp. 82-93
    • Banks, W.A.1    Owen, J.B.2    Erickson, M.A.3
  • 40
    • 84905911875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for altered transport of insulin across the blood-brain barrier in insulin-resistant humans
    • Heni, M. et al. Evidence for altered transport of insulin across the blood-brain barrier in insulin-resistant humans. Acta Diabetol. 51, 679-681 (2014).
    • (2014) Acta Diabetol. , vol.51 , pp. 679-681
    • Heni, M.1
  • 41
    • 84930660574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The brain response to peripheral insulin declines with age: A contribution of the blood-brain barrier
    • Sartorius, T. et al. The brain response to peripheral insulin declines with age: a contribution of the blood-brain barrier? PLOS ONE 10, e0126804 (2015).
    • (2015) PLOS ONE , vol.10 , pp. e0126804
    • Sartorius, T.1
  • 42
    • 84983002115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in insulin and insulin signaling in Alzheimer's disease: Cause or consequence?
    • Stanley, M., Macauley, S. L. & Holtzman, D. M. Changes in insulin and insulin signaling in Alzheimer's disease: cause or consequence? J. Exp. Med. 213, 1375-1385 (2016).
    • (2016) J. Exp. Med. , vol.213 , pp. 1375-1385
    • Stanley, M.1    Macauley, S.L.2    Holtzman, D.M.3
  • 43
    • 0021889337 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of rat insulin messenger RNA in pancreatic and extrapancreatic tissues
    • Giddings, S. J., Chirgwin, J. & Permutt, M. A. Evaluation of rat insulin messenger RNA in pancreatic and extrapancreatic tissues. Diabetologia 28, 343-347 (1985).
    • (1985) Diabetologia , vol.28 , pp. 343-347
    • Giddings, S.J.1    Chirgwin, J.2    Permutt, M.A.3
  • 44
    • 0022516633 scopus 로고
    • Insulin is released from rat brain neuronal cells in culture
    • Clarke, D. W. et al. Insulin is released from rat brain neuronal cells in culture. J. Neurochem. 47, 831-836 (1986).
    • (1986) J. Neurochem. , vol.47 , pp. 831-836
    • Clarke, D.W.1
  • 45
    • 0022976762 scopus 로고
    • Periventricular hypothalamic cells in the rat brain contain insulin mRNA
    • Young, W. S. III. Periventricular hypothalamic cells in the rat brain contain insulin mRNA. Neuropeptides 8, 93-97 (1986).
    • (1986) Neuropeptides , vol.8 , pp. 93-97
    • Young, W.S.1
  • 46
    • 0028310417 scopus 로고
    • Insulin gene expression and insulin synthesis in mammalian neuronal cells
    • Devaskar, S. U. et al. Insulin gene expression and insulin synthesis in mammalian neuronal cells. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 8445-8454 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 8445-8454
    • Devaskar, S.U.1
  • 47
    • 0027398295 scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of the two nonallelic proinsulin genes in the developing mouse embryo
    • Deltour, L. et al. Differential expression of the two nonallelic proinsulin genes in the developing mouse embryo. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90, 527-531 (1993).
    • (1993) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 527-531
    • Deltour, L.1
  • 48
    • 0026780273 scopus 로고
    • Developmental regulation of insulin in the mammalian central nervous system
    • Schechter, R. et al. Developmental regulation of insulin in the mammalian central nervous system. Brain Res. 582, 27-37 (1992).
    • (1992) Brain Res. , vol.582 , pp. 27-37
    • Schechter, R.1
  • 49
    • 0024625005 scopus 로고
    • Insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors in the nervous system
    • Adamo, M., Raizada, M. K. & LeRoith, D. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors in the nervous system. Mol. Neurobiol. 3, 71-100 (1989).
    • (1989) Mol. Neurobiol. , vol.3 , pp. 71-100
    • Adamo, M.1    Raizada, M.K.2    LeRoith, D.3
  • 50
    • 0025293757 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase and insulin transcripts in human neuroendocrine tissues
    • Coker, G. T. III, Studelska, D., Harmon, S., Burke, W. & O'Malley, K. L. Analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase and insulin transcripts in human neuroendocrine tissues. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 8, 93-98 (1990).
    • (1990) Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. , vol.8 , pp. 93-98
    • Coker, G.T.1    Studelska, D.2    Harmon, S.3    Burke, W.4    O'Malley, K.L.5
  • 54
    • 15444339756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain insulin and insulin receptors in aging and sporadic Alzheimer's disease
    • Frolich, L. et al. Brain insulin and insulin receptors in aging and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. J. Neural Transm. (Vienna) 105, 423-438 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Neural Transm. (Vienna) , vol.105 , pp. 423-438
    • Frolich, L.1
  • 55
    • 15244351255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired insulin and insulin-like growth factor expression and signaling mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease- is this type 3 diabetes?
    • Steen, E. et al. Impaired insulin and insulin-like growth factor expression and signaling mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease- is this type 3 diabetes? J. Alzheimers Dis. 7, 63-80 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Alzheimers Dis. , vol.7 , pp. 63-80
    • Steen, E.1
  • 56
    • 84870537777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperinsulinemia drives diet-induced obesity independently of brain insulin production
    • Mehran, A. E. et al. Hyperinsulinemia drives diet-induced obesity independently of brain insulin production. Cell Metab. 16, 723-737 (2012).
    • (2012) Cell Metab. , vol.16 , pp. 723-737
    • Mehran, A.E.1
  • 57
    • 42249116015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin, PKC signaling pathways and synaptic remodeling during memory storage and neuronal repair
    • Nelson, T. J., Sun, M. K., Hongpaisan, J. & Alkon, D. L. Insulin, PKC signaling pathways and synaptic remodeling during memory storage and neuronal repair. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 585, 76-87 (2008).
    • (2008) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.585 , pp. 76-87
    • Nelson, T.J.1    Sun, M.K.2    Hongpaisan, J.3    Alkon, D.L.4
  • 58
    • 33748295795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin signaling in the central nervous system: Learning to survive
    • van der Heide, L. P., Ramakers, G. M. & Smidt, M. P. Insulin signaling in the central nervous system: learning to survive. Prog. Neurobiol. 79, 205-221 (2006).
    • (2006) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.79 , pp. 205-221
    • Van Der Heide, L.P.1    Ramakers, G.M.2    Smidt, M.P.3
  • 59
    • 0024326827 scopus 로고
    • Localization and characterization of insulin-like growth factor-i receptors in rat brain and pituitary gland using in vitro autoradiography and computerized densitometry. A distinct distribution from insulin receptors
    • Werther, G. A. et al. Localization and characterization of insulin-like growth factor-i receptors in rat brain and pituitary gland using in vitro autoradiography and computerized densitometry. A distinct distribution from insulin receptors. J. Neuroendocrinol. 1, 369-377(1989).
    • (1989) J. Neuroendocrinol. , vol.1 , pp. 369-377
    • Werther, G.A.1
  • 60
    • 33750495607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous insulin signaling protects cultured neurons from oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced cell death
    • Mielke, J. G., Taghibiglou, C. & Wang, Y. T. Endogenous insulin signaling protects cultured neurons from oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced cell death. Neuroscience 143, 165-173 (2006).
    • (2006) Neuroscience , vol.143 , pp. 165-173
    • Mielke, J.G.1    Taghibiglou, C.2    Wang, Y.T.3
  • 61
    • 0033197996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate p58/53 and the insulin receptor are components of CNS synapses
    • Abbott, M. A., Wells, D. G. & Fallon, J. R. The insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate p58/53 and the insulin receptor are components of CNS synapses. J. Neurosci. 19, 7300-7308 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Neurosci. , vol.19 , pp. 7300-7308
    • Abbott, M.A.1    Wells, D.G.2    Fallon, J.R.3
  • 62
    • 0036846301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ProSAP/Shank postsynaptic density proteins interact with insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate IRSp53
    • Bockmann, J., Kreutz, M. R., Gundelfinger, E. D. & Bockers, T. M. ProSAP/Shank postsynaptic density proteins interact with insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate IRSp53. J. Neurochem. 83, 1013-1017 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Neurochem. , vol.83 , pp. 1013-1017
    • Bockmann, J.1    Kreutz, M.R.2    Gundelfinger, E.D.3    Bockers, T.M.4
  • 63
    • 78650879005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin, synaptic function, and opportunities for neuroprotection
    • Mielke, J. G. & Wang, Y. T. Insulin, synaptic function, and opportunities for neuroprotection. Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl Sci. 98, 133-186 (2011).
    • (2011) Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl Sci. , vol.98 , pp. 133-186
    • Mielke, J.G.1    Wang, Y.T.2
  • 64
    • 85007454194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuronal insulin receptor in its environment
    • Gralle, M. The neuronal insulin receptor in its environment. J. Neurochem. 140, 359-367 (2017).
    • (2017) J. Neurochem. , vol.140 , pp. 359-367
    • Gralle, M.1
  • 65
    • 84951965791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stop signs in hippocampal insulin signaling: The role of insulin resistance in structural, functional and behavioral deficits
    • Fadel, J. R. & Reagan, L. P. Stop signs in hippocampal insulin signaling: the role of insulin resistance in structural, functional and behavioral deficits. Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. 9, 47-54 (2016).
    • (2016) Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. , vol.9 , pp. 47-54
    • Fadel, J.R.1    Reagan, L.P.2
  • 66
    • 84873395982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease and insulin resistance: Translating basic science into clinical applications
    • De Felice, F. G. Alzheimer's disease and insulin resistance: translating basic science into clinical applications. J. Clin. Invest. 123, 531-539 (2013).
    • (2013) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.123 , pp. 531-539
    • De Felice, F.G.1
  • 67
    • 23844470857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin modulates hippocampal activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in a N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase-dependent manner
    • van der Heide, L. P., Kamal, A., Artola, A., Gispen, W. H. & Ramakers, G. M. Insulin modulates hippocampal activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in a N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase-dependent manner. J. Neurochem. 94, 1158-1166 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Neurochem. , vol.94 , pp. 1158-1166
    • Van Der Heide, L.P.1    Kamal, A.2    Artola, A.3    Gispen, W.H.4    Ramakers, G.M.5
  • 68
    • 44649198605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin receptor signaling regulates synapse number, dendritic plasticity, and circuit function. in vivo
    • Chiu, S. L., Chen, C. M. & Cline, H. T. Insulin receptor signaling regulates synapse number, dendritic plasticity, and circuit function in vivo. Neuron 58, 708-719 (2008).
    • (2008) Neuron , vol.58 , pp. 708-719
    • Chiu, S.L.1    Chen, C.M.2    Cline, H.T.3
  • 69
    • 79960016949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin promotes dendritic spine and synapse formation by the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Rac1 signaling pathways
    • Lee, C. C., Huang, C. C. & Hsu, K. S. Insulin promotes dendritic spine and synapse formation by the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Rac1 signaling pathways. Neuropharmacology 61, 867-879 (2011).
    • (2011) Neuropharmacology , vol.61 , pp. 867-879
    • Lee, C.C.1    Huang, C.C.2    Hsu, K.S.3
  • 70
    • 33847113902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LTP inhibits LTD in the hippocampus via regulation of GSK3β
    • Peineau, S. et al. LTP inhibits LTD in the hippocampus via regulation of GSK3β. Neuron 53, 703-717 (2007).
    • (2007) Neuron , vol.53 , pp. 703-717
    • Peineau, S.1
  • 71
    • 13144265758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin inhibits AMPA-induced neuronal damage via stimulation of protein kinase B (Akt)
    • Kim, S. J. & Han, Y. Insulin inhibits AMPA-induced neuronal damage via stimulation of protein kinase B (Akt). J. Neural Transm. (Vienna) 112, 179-191 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Neural Transm. (Vienna) , vol.112 , pp. 179-191
    • Kim, S.J.1    Han, Y.2
  • 73
    • 32644433045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin regulates neuronal glucose uptake by promoting translocation of glucose transporter GLUT3
    • Uemura, E. & Greenlee, H. W. Insulin regulates neuronal glucose uptake by promoting translocation of glucose transporter GLUT3. Exp. Neurol. 198, 48-53 (2006).
    • (2006) Exp. Neurol. , vol.198 , pp. 48-53
    • Uemura, E.1    Greenlee, H.W.2
  • 74
    • 84903899852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose transport in brain-effect of inflammation
    • Jurcovicova, J. Glucose transport in brain-effect of inflammation. Endocr. Regul. 48, 35-48 (2014).
    • (2014) Endocr. Regul. , vol.48 , pp. 35-48
    • Jurcovicova, J.1
  • 75
    • 84859718265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demonstrated brain insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease patients is associated with IGF-1 resistance, IRS-1 dysregulation, and cognitive decline
    • Talbot, K. et al. Demonstrated brain insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease patients is associated with IGF-1 resistance, IRS-1 dysregulation, and cognitive decline. J. Clin. Invest. 122, 1316-1338 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.122 , pp. 1316-1338
    • Talbot, K.1
  • 76
    • 0035319913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain glucose transporters: Relationship to local energy demand
    • Duelli, R. & Kuschinsky, W. Brain glucose transporters: relationship to local energy demand. News Physiol. Sci. 16, 71-76 (2001).
    • (2001) News Physiol. Sci. , vol.16 , pp. 71-76
    • Duelli, R.1    Kuschinsky, W.2
  • 77
    • 0033199378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-sensitive GLUT4 glucose transporters are colocalized with GLUT3-expressing cells and demonstrate a chemically distinct neuron-specific localization in rat brain
    • Apelt, J., Mehlhorn, G. & Schliebs, R. Insulin-sensitive GLUT4 glucose transporters are colocalized with GLUT3-expressing cells and demonstrate a chemically distinct neuron-specific localization in rat brain. J. Neurosci. Res. 57, 693-705 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.57 , pp. 693-705
    • Apelt, J.1    Mehlhorn, G.2    Schliebs, R.3
  • 78
    • 1842734654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose transporter expression in the central nervous system: Relationship to synaptic function
    • McEwen, B. S. & Reagan, L. P. Glucose transporter expression in the central nervous system: relationship to synaptic function. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 490, 13-24 (2004).
    • (2004) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.490 , pp. 13-24
    • McEwen, B.S.1    Reagan, L.P.2
  • 79
    • 70349285955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-stimulated translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane in rat hippocampus is PI3-kinase dependent
    • Grillo, C. A., Piroli, G. G., Hendry, R. M. & Reagan, L. P. Insulin-stimulated translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane in rat hippocampus is PI3-kinase dependent. Brain Res. 1296, 35-45 (2009).
    • (2009) Brain Res. , vol.1296 , pp. 35-45
    • Grillo, C.A.1    Piroli, G.G.2    Hendry, R.M.3    Reagan, L.P.4
  • 80
    • 84997497857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel roles for the insulin-regulated glucose transporter-4 in hippocampally dependent memory
    • Pearson-Leary, J. & McNay, E. C. Novel roles for the insulin-regulated glucose transporter-4 in hippocampally dependent memory. J. Neurosci. 36, 11851-11864 (2016).
    • (2016) J. Neurosci. , vol.36 , pp. 11851-11864
    • Pearson-Leary, J.1    McNay, E.C.2
  • 81
    • 20444434721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subcellular localization of glucose transporter 4 in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of ob/ob mice under basal conditions
    • Komori, T. et al. Subcellular localization of glucose transporter 4 in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of ob/ob mice under basal conditions. Brain Res. 1049, 34-42 (2005).
    • (2005) Brain Res. , vol.1049 , pp. 34-42
    • Komori, T.1
  • 82
    • 85019585791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain GLUT4 knockout mice have impaired glucose tolerance, decreased insulin sensitivity, and impaired hypoglycemic counterregulation
    • Reno, C. M. et al. Brain GLUT4 knockout mice have impaired glucose tolerance, decreased insulin sensitivity, and impaired hypoglycemic counterregulation. Diabetes 66, 587-597 (2017).
    • (2017) Diabetes , vol.66 , pp. 587-597
    • Reno, C.M.1
  • 85
    • 0034666454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytic glycogen influences axon function and survival during glucose deprivation in central white matter
    • Wender, R. et al. Astrocytic glycogen influences axon function and survival during glucose deprivation in central white matter. J. Neurosci. 20, 6804-6810 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Neurosci. , vol.20 , pp. 6804-6810
    • Wender, R.1
  • 86
    • 0031731776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence supporting the existence of an activity-dependent astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle
    • Pellerin, L. et al. Evidence supporting the existence of an activity-dependent astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle. Dev. Neurosci. 20, 291-299 (1998).
    • (1998) Dev. Neurosci. , vol.20 , pp. 291-299
    • Pellerin, L.1
  • 87
    • 84902075886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain glucose transporters: Implications for neurologic disease
    • Benarroch, E. E. Brain glucose transporters: implications for neurologic disease. Neurology 82, 1374-1379 (2014).
    • (2014) Neurology , vol.82 , pp. 1374-1379
    • Benarroch, E.E.1
  • 88
    • 84929359362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma lactate levels increase during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and oral glucose tolerance test
    • Berhane, F. et al. Plasma lactate levels increase during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and oral glucose tolerance test. J. Diabetes Res. 2015, 102054 (2015).
    • (2015) J. Diabetes Res. , vol.2015 , pp. 102054
    • Berhane, F.1
  • 89
    • 0019959237 scopus 로고
    • The binding of insulin to cerebral capillaries and astrocytes of the rat
    • Albrecht, J., Wroblewska, B. & Mossakowski, M. J. The binding of insulin to cerebral capillaries and astrocytes of the rat. Neurochem. Res. 7, 489-494 (1982).
    • (1982) Neurochem. Res. , vol.7 , pp. 489-494
    • Albrecht, J.1    Wroblewska, B.2    Mossakowski, M.J.3
  • 90
    • 84939812553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin and IGF1 signalling pathways in human astrocytes in vitro and in vivo; Characterisation, subcellular localisation and modulation of the receptors
    • Garwood, C. J. et al. Insulin and IGF1 signalling pathways in human astrocytes in vitro and in vivo; characterisation, subcellular localisation and modulation of the receptors. Mol. Brain 8, 51 (2015).
    • (2015) Mol. Brain , vol.8 , pp. 51
    • Garwood, C.J.1
  • 91
    • 84952669002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin modulates in vitro secretion of cytokines and cytotoxins by human glial cells
    • Spielman, L. J., Bahniwal, M., Little, J. P., Walker, D. G. & Klegeris, A. Insulin modulates in vitro secretion of cytokines and cytotoxins by human glial cells. Curr. Alzheimer Res. 12, 684-693 (2015).
    • (2015) Curr. Alzheimer Res. , vol.12 , pp. 684-693
    • Spielman, L.J.1    Bahniwal, M.2    Little, J.P.3    Walker, D.G.4    Klegeris, A.5
  • 92
    • 79959576516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin promotes glycogen storage and cell proliferation in primary human astrocytes
    • Heni, M. et al. Insulin promotes glycogen storage and cell proliferation in primary human astrocytes. PLoS ONE 6, e21594 (2011).
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6 , pp. e21594
    • Heni, M.1
  • 93
    • 0021189287 scopus 로고
    • Insulin binds to specific receptors and stimulates 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in cultured glial cells from rat brain
    • Clarke, D. W., Boyd, F. T. Jr., Kappy, M. S. & Raizada, M. K. Insulin binds to specific receptors and stimulates 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in cultured glial cells from rat brain. J. Biol. Chem. 259, 11672-11675 (1984).
    • (1984) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.259 , pp. 11672-11675
    • Clarke, D.W.1    Boyd, F.T.2    Kappy, M.S.3    Raizada, M.K.4
  • 94
    • 0037199092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficient expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) fails to block insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) stimulation of brain growth and myelination
    • Ye, P., Li, L., Lund, P. K. & D'Ercole, A. J. Deficient expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) fails to block insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) stimulation of brain growth and myelination. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 136, 111-121 (2002).
    • (2002) Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. , vol.136 , pp. 111-121
    • Ye, P.1    Li, L.2    Lund, P.K.3    D'Ercole, A.J.4
  • 95
    • 77957287153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of human oligodendrocyte progenitors to growth factors and axon signals
    • Cui, Q. L. et al. Response of human oligodendrocyte progenitors to growth factors and axon signals. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 69, 930-944 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.69 , pp. 930-944
    • Cui, Q.L.1
  • 96
    • 84990886707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 viral protein R activates NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia: Implications for HIV-1 associated neuroinflammation
    • Mamik, M. K. et al. HIV-1 viral protein R activates NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia: implications for HIV-1 associated neuroinflammation. J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 12, 233-248 (2017).
    • (2017) J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol. , vol.12 , pp. 233-248
    • Mamik, M.K.1
  • 97
    • 33748423509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of insulin receptor substrate-2 in brain areas involved in energy homeostasis
    • Pardini, A. W. et al. Distribution of insulin receptor substrate-2 in brain areas involved in energy homeostasis. Brain Res. 1112, 169-178 (2006).
    • (2006) Brain Res. , vol.1112 , pp. 169-178
    • Pardini, A.W.1
  • 98
    • 0014865180 scopus 로고
    • A direct action of insulin on the hypothalamic satiety center
    • Debons, A. F., Krimsky, I. & From, A. A direct action of insulin on the hypothalamic satiety center. Am. J. Physiol. 219, 938-943 (1970).
    • (1970) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.219 , pp. 938-943
    • Debons, A.F.1    Krimsky, I.2    From, A.3
  • 99
    • 0016165605 scopus 로고
    • Short-term influence of intra-ventromedial hypothalamic administration of insulin on feeding in normal and diabetic rats
    • Hatfield, J. S., Millard, W. J. & Smith, C. J. Short-term influence of intra-ventromedial hypothalamic administration of insulin on feeding in normal and diabetic rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2, 223-226 (1974).
    • (1974) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. , vol.2 , pp. 223-226
    • Hatfield, J.S.1    Millard, W.J.2    Smith, C.J.3
  • 100
    • 0017665552 scopus 로고
    • Increased feeding in response to bilateral injection of insulin antibodies in the VMH
    • Strubbe, J. H. & Mein, C. G. Increased feeding in response to bilateral injection of insulin antibodies in the VMH. Physiol. Behav. 19, 309-313 (1977).
    • (1977) Physiol. Behav. , vol.19 , pp. 309-313
    • Strubbe, J.H.1    Mein, C.G.2
  • 101
    • 0021004092 scopus 로고
    • The role of insulin as a satiety factor in the central nervous system
    • Woods, S. C. & Porte, D. Jr. The role of insulin as a satiety factor in the central nervous system. Adv. Metab. Disord. 10, 457-468 (1983).
    • (1983) Adv. Metab. Disord. , vol.10 , pp. 457-468
    • Woods, S.C.1    Porte, D.2
  • 103
    • 0020468427 scopus 로고
    • Effects of insulin administered into cerebrospinal fluid spaces on blood glucose in unanaesthetized and anaesthetized dogs
    • Ajaya, B. & Haranath, P. S. Effects of insulin administered into cerebrospinal fluid spaces on blood glucose in unanaesthetized and anaesthetized dogs. Indian J. Med. Res. 75, 607-615 (1982).
    • (1982) Indian J. Med. Res. , vol.75 , pp. 607-615
    • Ajaya, B.1    Haranath, P.S.2
  • 104
    • 0036202441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute third ventricular administration of insulin decreases food intake in two paradigms
    • Air, E. L., Benoit, S. C., Blake Smith, K. A., Clegg, D. J. & Woods, S. C. Acute third ventricular administration of insulin decreases food intake in two paradigms. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 72, 423-429 (2002).
    • (2002) Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. , vol.72 , pp. 423-429
    • Air, E.L.1    Benoit, S.C.2    Blake Smith, K.A.3    Clegg, D.J.4    Woods, S.C.5
  • 105
    • 0018621289 scopus 로고
    • Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of insulin reduces food intake and body weight of baboons
    • Woods, S. C., Lotter, E. C., McKay, L. D. & Porte, D. Jr. Chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of insulin reduces food intake and body weight of baboons. Nature 282, 503-505 (1979).
    • (1979) Nature , vol.282 , pp. 503-505
    • Woods, S.C.1    Lotter, E.C.2    McKay, L.D.3    Porte, D.4
  • 106
    • 73549099979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the lack of anorectic effect of intracerebroventricular insulin in rats
    • Jessen, L., Clegg, D. J. & Bouman, S. D. Evaluation of the lack of anorectic effect of intracerebroventricular insulin in rats. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 298, R43-R50 (2010).
    • (2010) Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. , vol.298 , pp. R43-R50
    • Jessen, L.1    Clegg, D.J.2    Bouman, S.D.3
  • 107
    • 17844379717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic K(ATP) channels control hepatic glucose production
    • Pocai, A. et al. Hypothalamic K(ATP) channels control hepatic glucose production. Nature 434, 1026-1031 (2005).
    • (2005) Nature , vol.434 , pp. 1026-1031
    • Pocai, A.1
  • 108
    • 0036267472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreasing hypothalamic insulin receptors causes hyperphagia and insulin resistance in rats
    • Obici, S., Feng, Z., Karkanias, G., Baskin, D. G. & Rossetti, L. Decreasing hypothalamic insulin receptors causes hyperphagia and insulin resistance in rats. Nat. Neurosci. 5, 566-572 (2002).
    • (2002) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.5 , pp. 566-572
    • Obici, S.1    Feng, Z.2    Karkanias, G.3    Baskin, D.G.4    Rossetti, L.5
  • 109
    • 0036913187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic insulin signaling is required for inhibition of glucose production
    • Obici, S., Zhang, B. B., Karkanias, G. & Rossetti, L. Hypothalamic insulin signaling is required for inhibition of glucose production. Nat. Med. 8, 1376-1382 (2002).
    • (2002) Nat. Med. , vol.8 , pp. 1376-1382
    • Obici, S.1    Zhang, B.B.2    Karkanias, G.3    Rossetti, L.4
  • 110
    • 79551506567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain insulin controls adipose tissue lipolysis and lipogenesis
    • Scherer, T. et al. Brain insulin controls adipose tissue lipolysis and lipogenesis. Cell Metab. 13, 183-194 (2011).
    • (2011) Cell Metab. , vol.13 , pp. 183-194
    • Scherer, T.1
  • 111
    • 84893726788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intranasal insulin suppresses systemic but not subcutaneous lipolysis in healthy humans
    • Iwen, K. A. et al. Intranasal insulin suppresses systemic but not subcutaneous lipolysis in healthy humans. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 99, E246-E251 (2014).
    • (2014) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.99 , pp. E246-E251
    • Iwen, K.A.1
  • 112
    • 84911002688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain insulin lowers circulating BCAA levels by inducing hepatic BCAA catabolism
    • Shin, A. C. et al. Brain insulin lowers circulating BCAA levels by inducing hepatic BCAA catabolism. Cell Metab. 20, 898-909 (2014).
    • (2014) Cell Metab. , vol.20 , pp. 898-909
    • Shin, A.C.1
  • 113
    • 84961990968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased susceptibility to metabolic dysregulation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease is associated with impaired hypothalamic insulin signaling and elevated BCAA levels
    • Ruiz, H. H. et al. Increased susceptibility to metabolic dysregulation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease is associated with impaired hypothalamic insulin signaling and elevated BCAA levels. Alzheimers Dement. 12, 851-861 (2016).
    • (2016) Alzheimers Dement. , vol.12 , pp. 851-861
    • Ruiz, H.H.1
  • 114
    • 42049089751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential sensitivity of men and women to anorexigenic and memory-improving effects of intranasal insulin
    • Benedict, C., Kern, W., Schultes, B., Born, J. & Hallschmid, M. Differential sensitivity of men and women to anorexigenic and memory-improving effects of intranasal insulin. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93, 1339-1344 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.93 , pp. 1339-1344
    • Benedict, C.1    Kern, W.2    Schultes, B.3    Born, J.4    Hallschmid, M.5
  • 115
    • 39449093463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obese men respond to cognitive but not to catabolic brain insulin signaling
    • Hallschmid, M., Benedict, C., Schultes, B., Born, J. & Kern, W. Obese men respond to cognitive but not to catabolic brain insulin signaling. Int. J. Obes. (Lond.) 32, 275-282 (2008).
    • (2008) Int. J. Obes. (Lond.) , vol.32 , pp. 275-282
    • Hallschmid, M.1    Benedict, C.2    Schultes, B.3    Born, J.4    Kern, W.5
  • 116
    • 3543142498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intranasal insulin improves memory in humans
    • Benedict, C. et al. Intranasal insulin improves memory in humans. Psychoneuroendocrinology 29, 1326-1334 (2004).
    • (2004) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.29 , pp. 1326-1334
    • Benedict, C.1
  • 117
    • 84920627307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central insulin administration improves odor-cued reactivation of spatial memory in young men
    • Brunner, Y. F., Kofoet, A., Benedict, C. & Freiherr, J. Central insulin administration improves odor-cued reactivation of spatial memory in young men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 100, 212-219 (2015).
    • (2015) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.100 , pp. 212-219
    • Brunner, Y.F.1    Kofoet, A.2    Benedict, C.3    Freiherr, J.4
  • 118
    • 84896692580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of vasoreactivity and cognition by intranasal insulin in type 2 diabetes
    • Novak, V. et al. Enhancement of vasoreactivity and cognition by intranasal insulin in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 37, 751-759 (2014).
    • (2014) Diabetes Care , vol.37 , pp. 751-759
    • Novak, V.1
  • 119
    • 31844434789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intranasal insulin on cognition in memory-impaired older adults: Modulation by APOE genotype
    • Reger, M. A. et al. Effects of intranasal insulin on cognition in memory-impaired older adults: modulation by APOE genotype. Neurobiol. Aging 27, 451-458 (2006).
    • (2006) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.27 , pp. 451-458
    • Reger, M.A.1
  • 120
    • 84855613853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intranasal insulin therapy for Alzheimer disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A pilot clinical trial
    • Craft, S. et al. Intranasal insulin therapy for Alzheimer disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a pilot clinical trial. Arch. Neurol. 69, 29-38 (2012).
    • (2012) Arch. Neurol. , vol.69 , pp. 29-38
    • Craft, S.1
  • 121
    • 85042661492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long acting intranasal insulin detemir improves cognition for adults with mild cognitive impairment or early-stage Alzheimer's disease dementia
    • Claxton, A. et al. Long acting intranasal insulin detemir improves cognition for adults with mild cognitive impairment or early-stage alzheimer's disease dementia. J. Alzheimers Dis. 45, 1269-1270 (2015).
    • (2015) J. Alzheimers Dis. , vol.45 , pp. 1269-1270
    • Claxton, A.1
  • 122
    • 47849123972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intranasal insulin administration dose-dependently modulates verbal memory and plasma amyloid-β in memory-impaired older adults
    • Reger, M. A. et al. Intranasal insulin administration dose-dependently modulates verbal memory and plasma amyloid-β in memory-impaired older adults. J. Alzheimers Dis. 13, 323-331 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Alzheimers Dis. , vol.13 , pp. 323-331
    • Reger, M.A.1
  • 123
    • 78650054323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparable sensitivity of postmenopausal and young women to the effects of intranasal insulin on food intake and working memory
    • Krug, R., Benedict, C., Born, J. & Hallschmid, M. Comparable sensitivity of postmenopausal and young women to the effects of intranasal insulin on food intake and working memory. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95, E468-E472 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.95 , pp. E468-E472
    • Krug, R.1    Benedict, C.2    Born, J.3    Hallschmid, M.4
  • 124
    • 76149103529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin modulates food-related activity in the central nervous system
    • Guthoff, M. et al. Insulin modulates food-related activity in the central nervous system. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95, 748-755 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.95 , pp. 748-755
    • Guthoff, M.1
  • 125
    • 84962114196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intranasal insulin enhanced resting-state functional connectivity of hippocampal regions in type 2 diabetes
    • Zhang, H. et al. Intranasal insulin enhanced resting-state functional connectivity of hippocampal regions in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 64, 1025-1034 (2015).
    • (2015) Diabetes , vol.64 , pp. 1025-1034
    • Zhang, H.1
  • 126
    • 84898048515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intranasal insulin increases regional cerebral blood flow in the insular cortex in men independently of cortisol manipulation
    • Schilling, T. M. et al. Intranasal insulin increases regional cerebral blood flow in the insular cortex in men independently of cortisol manipulation. Hum. Brain Mapp. 35, 1944-1956 (2014).
    • (2014) Hum. Brain Mapp. , vol.35 , pp. 1944-1956
    • Schilling, T.M.1
  • 127
    • 0033014163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system effects of intranasally administered insulin during euglycemia in men
    • Kern, W., Born, J., Schreiber, H. & Fehm, H. L. Central nervous system effects of intranasally administered insulin during euglycemia in men. Diabetes 48, 557-563 (1999).
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , pp. 557-563
    • Kern, W.1    Born, J.2    Schreiber, H.3    Fehm, H.L.4
  • 128
    • 4344595379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcortical direct current potential shift reflects immediate signaling of systemic insulin to the human brain
    • Hallschmid, M. et al. Transcortical direct current potential shift reflects immediate signaling of systemic insulin to the human brain. Diabetes 53, 2202-2208 (2004).
    • (2004) Diabetes , vol.53 , pp. 2202-2208
    • Hallschmid, M.1
  • 129
    • 79957885719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin modulation of magnetoencephalographic resting state dynamics in lean and obese subjects
    • Stingl, K. T. et al. Insulin modulation of magnetoencephalographic resting state dynamics in lean and obese subjects. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 4, 157 (2010).
    • (2010) Front. Syst. Neurosci. , vol.4 , pp. 157
    • Stingl, K.T.1
  • 130
    • 33747058235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cerebrocortical response to hyperinsulinemia is reduced in overweight humans: A magnetoencephalographic study
    • Tschritter, O. et al. The cerebrocortical response to hyperinsulinemia is reduced in overweight humans: a magnetoencephalographic study. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 12103-12108 (2006).
    • (2006) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103 , pp. 12103-12108
    • Tschritter, O.1
  • 131
    • 0034016848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin effects on glucose metabolism, memory, and plasma amyloid precursor protein in Alzheimer's disease differ according to apolipoprotein-E genotype
    • Craft, S. et al. Insulin effects on glucose metabolism, memory, and plasma amyloid precursor protein in Alzheimer's disease differ according to apolipoprotein-E genotype. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 903, 222-228 (2000).
    • (2000) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.903 , pp. 222-228
    • Craft, S.1
  • 132
    • 77952291182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mini-review: Impact of recurrent hypoglycemia on cognitive and brain function
    • McNay, E. C. & Cotero, V. E. Mini-review: impact of recurrent hypoglycemia on cognitive and brain function. Physiol. Behav. 100, 234-238 (2010).
    • (2010) Physiol. Behav. , vol.100 , pp. 234-238
    • McNay, E.C.1    Cotero, V.E.2
  • 133
    • 84954482882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose improves object-location binding in visual-spatial working memory
    • Stollery, B. & Christian, L. Glucose improves object-location binding in visual-spatial working memory. Psychopharmacol. (Berl.) 233, 529-547 (2016).
    • (2016) Psychopharmacol. (Berl.) , vol.233 , pp. 529-547
    • Stollery, B.1    Christian, L.2
  • 134
    • 84881221053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose levels and risk of dementia
    • Crane, P. K., Walker, R. & Larson, E. B. Glucose levels and risk of dementia. N. Engl. J. Med. 369, 1863-1864 (2013).
    • (2013) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.369 , pp. 1863-1864
    • Crane, P.K.1    Walker, R.2    Larson, E.B.3
  • 135
    • 0034646409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreases in rat extracellular hippocampal glucose concentration associated with cognitive demand during a spatial task
    • McNay, E. C., Fries, T. M. & Gold, P. E. Decreases in rat extracellular hippocampal glucose concentration associated with cognitive demand during a spatial task. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 2881-2885 (2000).
    • (2000) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 2881-2885
    • McNay, E.C.1    Fries, T.M.2    Gold, P.E.3
  • 136
    • 0347693508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food for thought: Fluctuations in brain extracellular glucose provide insight into the mechanisms of memory modulation
    • McNay, E. C. & Gold, P. E. Food for thought: fluctuations in brain extracellular glucose provide insight into the mechanisms of memory modulation. Behav. Cogn. Neurosci. Rev. 1, 264-280 (2002).
    • (2002) Behav. Cogn. Neurosci. Rev. , vol.1 , pp. 264-280
    • McNay, E.C.1    Gold, P.E.2
  • 138
    • 64349113384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depression and type 2 diabetes over the lifespan: A meta-analysis
    • Mezuk, B., Eaton, W. W., Albrecht, S. & Golden, S. H. Depression and type 2 diabetes over the lifespan: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 31, 2383-2390 (2008).
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , pp. 2383-2390
    • Mezuk, B.1    Eaton, W.W.2    Albrecht, S.3    Golden, S.H.4
  • 139
    • 77951150702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Euglycemic infusion of insulin detemir compared with human insulin appears to increase direct current brain potential response and reduces food intake while inducing similar systemic effects
    • Hallschmid, M. et al. Euglycemic infusion of insulin detemir compared with human insulin appears to increase direct current brain potential response and reduces food intake while inducing similar systemic effects. Diabetes 59, 1101-1107 (2010).
    • (2010) Diabetes , vol.59 , pp. 1101-1107
    • Hallschmid, M.1
  • 140
    • 0037026739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance as the core defect in type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Goldstein, B. J. Insulin resistance as the core defect in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am. J. Cardiol. 90, 3G-10G (2002).
    • (2002) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.90 , pp. 3G-10G
    • Goldstein, B.J.1
  • 141
    • 20744444237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A biochemical and functional characterization of diet-induced brain insulin resistance
    • Mielke, J. G. et al. A biochemical and functional characterization of diet-induced brain insulin resistance. J. Neurochem. 93, 1568-1578 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Neurochem. , vol.93 , pp. 1568-1578
    • Mielke, J.G.1
  • 142
    • 0000291879 scopus 로고
    • Psychologic tests applied in diabetic patients
    • Miles, W. R. & Root, H. F. Psychologic tests applied in diabetic patients. Arch. Internal Med. 30, 767-777 (1922).
    • (1922) Arch. Internal Med. , vol.30 , pp. 767-777
    • Miles, W.R.1    Root, H.F.2
  • 143
    • 0021682933 scopus 로고
    • Decreased cognitive function in aging non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients
    • Perlmuter, L. C. et al. Decreased cognitive function in aging non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Am. J. Med. 77, 1043-1048 (1984).
    • (1984) Am. J. Med. , vol.77 , pp. 1043-1048
    • Perlmuter, L.C.1
  • 144
    • 0025034667 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between hyperglycemia and cognitive function in older NIDDM patients
    • Reaven, G. M., Thompson, L. W., Nahum, D. & Haskins, E. Relationship between hyperglycemia and cognitive function in older NIDDM patients. Diabetes Care 13, 16-21 (1990).
    • (1990) Diabetes Care , vol.13 , pp. 16-21
    • Reaven, G.M.1    Thompson, L.W.2    Nahum, D.3    Haskins, E.4
  • 145
    • 0035374397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes and cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly women
    • Grodstein, F., Chen, J., Wilson, R. S., Manson, J. E. & Nurses' Health, S. Type 2 diabetes and cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly women. Diabetes Care 24, 1060-1065 (2001).
    • (2001) Diabetes Care , vol.24 , pp. 1060-1065
    • Grodstein, F.1    Chen, J.2    Wilson, R.S.3    Manson, J.E.4    Nurses Health, S.5
  • 146
    • 67650093273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognition in the early stage of type 2 diabetes
    • Ruis, C. et al. Cognition in the early stage of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 32, 1261-1265 (2009).
    • (2009) Diabetes Care , vol.32 , pp. 1261-1265
    • Ruis, C.1
  • 147
    • 33745317068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain magnetic resonance imaging correlates of impaired cognition in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Manschot, S. M. et al. Brain magnetic resonance imaging correlates of impaired cognition in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 55, 1106-1113 (2006).
    • (2006) Diabetes , vol.55 , pp. 1106-1113
    • Manschot, S.M.1
  • 148
    • 55549144706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation on the relationship between diabetes mellitus type 2 and cognitive impairment
    • Ebady, S. A., Arami, M. A. & Shafigh, M. H. Investigation on the relationship between diabetes mellitus type 2 and cognitive impairment. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 82, 305-309 (2008).
    • (2008) Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. , vol.82 , pp. 305-309
    • Ebady, S.A.1    Arami, M.A.2    Shafigh, M.H.3
  • 149
    • 78049299161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetic retinopathy and cognitive decline in older people with type 2 diabetes: The Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study
    • Ding, J. et al. Diabetic retinopathy and cognitive decline in older people with type 2 diabetes: the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study. Diabetes 59, 2883-2889 (2010).
    • (2010) Diabetes , vol.59 , pp. 2883-2889
    • Ding, J.1
  • 150
    • 0035954333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midlife vascular risk factors and late-life mild cognitive impairment: A population-based study
    • Kivipelto, M. et al. Midlife vascular risk factors and late-life mild cognitive impairment: a population-based study. Neurology 56, 1683-1689 (2001).
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 1683-1689
    • Kivipelto, M.1
  • 151
    • 7744239901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and risk of cognitive decline
    • Yaffe, K. et al. The metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and risk of cognitive decline. JAMA 292, 2237-2242 (2004).
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , pp. 2237-2242
    • Yaffe, K.1
  • 152
    • 0035068884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrovascular and brain morphologic correlates of mild cognitive impairment in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Twin Study
    • DeCarli, C. et al. Cerebrovascular and brain morphologic correlates of mild cognitive impairment in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Twin Study. Arch. Neurol. 58, 643-647 (2001).
    • (2001) Arch. Neurol. , vol.58 , pp. 643-647
    • DeCarli, C.1
  • 153
    • 0031025854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is type II diabetes associated with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction? A critical review of published studies
    • Strachan, M. W., Deary, I. J., Ewing, F. M. & Frier, B. M. Is type II diabetes associated with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction? A critical review of published studies. Diabetes Care 20, 438-445 (1997).
    • (1997) Diabetes Care , vol.20 , pp. 438-445
    • Strachan, M.W.1    Deary, I.J.2    Ewing, F.M.3    Frier, B.M.4
  • 154
    • 0032707190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes mellitus, cognitive impairment and dementia
    • Stewart, R. & Liolitsa, D. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, cognitive impairment and dementia. Diabet Med. 16, 93-112 (1999).
    • (1999) Diabet Med. , vol.16 , pp. 93-112
    • Stewart, R.1    Liolitsa, D.2
  • 155
    • 77957689072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary evidence for brain complications in obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Yau, P. L. et al. Preliminary evidence for brain complications in obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 53, 2298-2306 (2010).
    • (2010) Diabetologia , vol.53 , pp. 2298-2306
    • Yau, P.L.1
  • 156
    • 84867144608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and metabolic syndrome and functional and structural brain impairments in adolescence
    • Yau, P. L., Castro, M. G., Tagani, A., Tsui, W. H. & Convit, A. Obesity and metabolic syndrome and functional and structural brain impairments in adolescence. Pediatrics 130, e856-e864 (2012).
    • (2012) Pediatrics , vol.130 , pp. e856-e864
    • Yau, P.L.1    Castro, M.G.2    Tagani, A.3    Tsui, W.H.4    Convit, A.5
  • 157
    • 84954518314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White matter microstructure and cognitive function in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Rees, D. A., Udiawar, M., Berlot, R., Jones, D. K. & O'Sullivan, M. J. White matter microstructure and cognitive function in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 101, 314-323 (2016).
    • (2016) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.101 , pp. 314-323
    • Rees, D.A.1    Udiawar, M.2    Berlot, R.3    Jones, D.K.4    O'Sullivan, M.J.5
  • 158
    • 84930688450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose indices are associated with cognitive and structural brain measures in young adults
    • Weinstein, G. et al. Glucose indices are associated with cognitive and structural brain measures in young adults. Neurology 84, 2329-2337 (2015).
    • (2015) Neurology , vol.84 , pp. 2329-2337
    • Weinstein, G.1
  • 160
    • 85006356889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is type 2 diabetes related to leukoaraiosis? An updated review
    • Del Bene, A. et al. Is type 2 diabetes related to leukoaraiosis? an updated review. Acta Neurol. Scand. 132, 147-155 (2015).
    • (2015) Acta Neurol. Scand. , vol.132 , pp. 147-155
    • Del Bene, A.1
  • 161
    • 78651274000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance and Alzheimer-like reductions in regional cerebral glucose metabolism for cognitively normal adults with prediabetes or early type 2 diabetes
    • Baker, L. D. et al. Insulin resistance and Alzheimer-like reductions in regional cerebral glucose metabolism for cognitively normal adults with prediabetes or early type 2 diabetes. Arch. Neurol. 68, 51-57 (2011).
    • (2011) Arch. Neurol. , vol.68 , pp. 51-57
    • Baker, L.D.1
  • 162
    • 84942247845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of insulin resistance with cerebral glucose uptake in late middle-aged adults at risk for Alzheimer disease
    • Willette, A. A. et al. Association of insulin resistance with cerebral glucose uptake in late middle-aged adults at risk for alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurol. 72, 1013-1020 (2015).
    • (2015) JAMA Neurol. , vol.72 , pp. 1013-1020
    • Willette, A.A.1
  • 163
    • 84901299033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes and elevated hemoglobin A1c levels are associated with brain hypometabolism but not amyloid accumulation
    • Roberts, R. O. et al. Diabetes and elevated hemoglobin A1c levels are associated with brain hypometabolism but not amyloid accumulation. J. Nucl. Med. 55, 759-764 (2014).
    • (2014) J. Nucl. Med. , vol.55 , pp. 759-764
    • Roberts, R.O.1
  • 164
    • 0037228838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased blood-brain barrier permeability in type II diabetes demonstrated by gadolinium magnetic resonance imaging
    • Starr, J. M. et al. Increased blood-brain barrier permeability in type II diabetes demonstrated by gadolinium magnetic resonance imaging. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 74, 70-76 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.74 , pp. 70-76
    • Starr, J.M.1
  • 165
    • 85011117056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic type 2 diabetes reduces the integrity of the blood-brain barrier by reducing tight junction proteins in the hippocampus
    • Yoo, D. Y. et al. Chronic type 2 diabetes reduces the integrity of the blood-brain barrier by reducing tight junction proteins in the hippocampus. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 78, 957-962 (2016).
    • (2016) J. Vet. Med. Sci. , vol.78 , pp. 957-962
    • Yoo, D.Y.1
  • 166
    • 84930195020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus and blood-brain barrier dysfunction: An overview
    • Prasad, S., Sajja, R. K., Naik, P. & Cucullo, L. Diabetes mellitus and blood-brain barrier dysfunction: an overview. J. Pharmacovigil. 2, 125 (2014).
    • (2014) J. Pharmacovigil. , vol.2 , pp. 125
    • Prasad, S.1    Sajja, R.K.2    Naik, P.3    Cucullo, L.4
  • 167
    • 84898688392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High fat diet produces brain insulin resistance, synaptodendritic abnormalities and altered behavior in mice
    • Arnold, S. E. et al. High fat diet produces brain insulin resistance, synaptodendritic abnormalities and altered behavior in mice. Neurobiol. Dis. 67, 79-87 (2014).
    • (2014) Neurobiol. Dis. , vol.67 , pp. 79-87
    • Arnold, S.E.1
  • 168
    • 84932606816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-fat diet induces hepatic insulin resistance and impairment of synaptic plasticity
    • Liu, Z. et al. High-fat diet induces hepatic insulin resistance and impairment of synaptic plasticity. PLoSONE 10, e0128274 (2015).
    • (2015) PLoSONE , vol.10 , pp. e0128274
    • Liu, Z.1
  • 169
    • 85006013138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial abnormalities and synaptic loss underlie memory deficits seen in mouse models of obesity and Alzheimer's disease
    • Martins, I. V., Rivers-Auty, J., Allan, S. M. & Lawrence, C. B. Mitochondrial abnormalities and synaptic loss underlie memory deficits seen in mouse models of obesity and Alzheimer's disease. J. Alzheimers Dis. 55, 915-932 (2017).
    • (2017) J. Alzheimers Dis. , vol.55 , pp. 915-932
    • Martins, I.V.1    Rivers-Auty, J.2    Allan, S.M.3    Lawrence, C.B.4
  • 170
    • 84886100780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential central pathology and cognitive impairment in pre-diabetic and diabetic mice
    • Ramos-Rodriguez, J. J. et al. Differential central pathology and cognitive impairment in pre-diabetic and diabetic mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 38, 2462-2475 (2013).
    • (2013) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.38 , pp. 2462-2475
    • Ramos-Rodriguez, J.J.1
  • 171
    • 33845541048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of insulin-evoked responses in brain networks controlling appetite and reward in insulin resistance: The cerebral basis for impaired control of food intake in metabolic syndrome?
    • Anthony, K. et al. Attenuation of insulin-evoked responses in brain networks controlling appetite and reward in insulin resistance: the cerebral basis for impaired control of food intake in metabolic syndrome? Diabetes 55, 2986-2992 (2006).
    • (2006) Diabetes , vol.55 , pp. 2986-2992
    • Anthony, K.1
  • 172
    • 35848938196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in the FTO gene locus is associated with cerebrocortical insulin resistance in humans
    • Tschritter, O. et al. Variation in the FTO gene locus is associated with cerebrocortical insulin resistance in humans. Diabetologia 50, 2602-2603 (2007).
    • (2007) Diabetologia , vol.50 , pp. 2602-2603
    • Tschritter, O.1
  • 173
    • 0020534018 scopus 로고
    • Changes in blood glucose and insulin secretion in patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type
    • Bucht, G., Adolfsson, R., Lithner, F. & Winblad, B. Changes in blood glucose and insulin secretion in patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type. ActaMed. Scand. 213, 387-392 (1983).
    • (1983) ActaMed. Scand. , vol.213 , pp. 387-392
    • Bucht, G.1    Adolfsson, R.2    Lithner, F.3    Winblad, B.4
  • 174
    • 84857992754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dementia is associated with insulin resistance in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Bosco, D. et al. Dementia is associated with insulin resistance in patients with Parkinson's disease. J. Neurol. Sci. 315, 39-43 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.315 , pp. 39-43
    • Bosco, D.1
  • 175
    • 84863625218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical features of Parkinson disease when onset of diabetes came first: A case-control study
    • Cereda, E., Barichella, M., Cassani, E., Caccialanza, R. & Pezzoli, G. Clinical features of Parkinson disease when onset of diabetes came first: a case-control study. Neurology 78, 1507-1511 (2012).
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.78 , pp. 1507-1511
    • Cereda, E.1    Barichella, M.2    Cassani, E.3    Caccialanza, R.4    Pezzoli, G.5
  • 176
    • 84874208932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes and risk of Parkinson's disease
    • Cereda, E. et al. Diabetes and risk of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 28, 257 (2013).
    • (2013) Mov Disord. , vol.28 , pp. 257
    • Cereda, E.1
  • 177
    • 56149110407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective cohort study of type 2 diabetes and the risk of Parkinson's disease
    • Driver, J. A. et al. Prospective cohort study of type 2 diabetes and the risk of Parkinson's disease. DiabetesCare 31, 2003-2005 (2008).
    • (2008) DiabetesCare , vol.31 , pp. 2003-2005
    • Driver, J.A.1
  • 179
    • 84875528944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes is associated with postural instability and gait difficulty in Parkinson disease
    • Kotagal, V. et al. Diabetes is associated with postural instability and gait difficulty in Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 19, 522-526 (2013).
    • (2013) Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. , vol.19 , pp. 522-526
    • Kotagal, V.1
  • 180
    • 0027561888 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease
    • Sandyk, R. The relationship between diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease. Int. J. Neurosci. 69, 125-130 (1993).
    • (1993) Int. J. Neurosci. , vol.69 , pp. 125-130
    • Sandyk, R.1
  • 181
    • 84862110832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of Parkinson disease onset in patients with diabetes: A 9-year population-based cohort study with age and sex stratifications
    • Sun, Y. et al. Risk of Parkinson disease onset in patients with diabetes: a 9-year population-based cohort study with age and sex stratifications. Diabetes Care 35, 1047-1049 (2012).
    • (2012) Diabetes Care , vol.35 , pp. 1047-1049
    • Sun, Y.1
  • 182
    • 84862199583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin-inclusive sulfonylurea therapy reduces the risk of Parkinson's disease occurring with Type 2 diabetes in a Taiwanese population cohort
    • Wahlqvist, M. L. et al. Metformin-inclusive sulfonylurea therapy reduces the risk of Parkinson's disease occurring with Type 2 diabetes in a Taiwanese population cohort. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 18, 753-758 (2012).
    • (2012) Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. , vol.18 , pp. 753-758
    • Wahlqvist, M.L.1
  • 183
    • 79956218430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes and risk of Parkinson's disease
    • Xu, Q. et al. Diabetes and risk of Parkinson's disease. Diabetes Care 34, 910-915 (2011).
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , pp. 910-915
    • Xu, Q.1
  • 184
    • 84902705612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risk factors and frontotemporal dementia: A case-control study
    • Golimstok, A. et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and frontotemporal dementia: a case-control study. Transl Neurodegener. 3, 13 (2014).
    • (2014) Transl Neurodegener. , vol.3 , pp. 13
    • Golimstok, A.1
  • 185
    • 77957940731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes, Alzheimer disease, and vascular dementia: A population-based neuropathologic study
    • Ahtiluoto, S. et al. Diabetes, Alzheimer disease, and vascular dementia: a population-based neuropathologic study. Neurology 75, 1195-1202 (2010).
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.75 , pp. 1195-1202
    • Ahtiluoto, S.1
  • 186
    • 0036759508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for vascular dementia, but not for Alzheimer's disease: A population-based study of the oldest old
    • Hassing, L. B. et al. Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for vascular dementia, but not for Alzheimer's disease: a population-based study of the oldest old. Int. Psychogeriatr. 14, 239-248 (2002).
    • (2002) Int. Psychogeriatr. , vol.14 , pp. 239-248
    • Hassing, L.B.1
  • 187
    • 33748110080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular risk factors for incident Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia: The Cache County study
    • Hayden, K. M. et al. Vascular risk factors for incident Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia: the Cache County study. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 20, 93-100 (2006).
    • (2006) Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. , vol.20 , pp. 93-100
    • Hayden, K.M.1
  • 188
    • 79953087183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mid-life and late-life vascular risk factors and dementia in Korean men and women
    • Kimm, H. et al. Mid-life and late-life vascular risk factors and dementia in Korean men and women. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. 52, e117-e122 (2011).
    • (2011) Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. , vol.52 , pp. e117-e122
    • Kimm, H.1
  • 189
    • 80555157642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose tolerance status and risk of dementia in the community: The Hisayama study
    • Ohara, T. et al. Glucose tolerance status and risk of dementia in the community: the Hisayama study. Neurology 77, 1126-1134 (2011).
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.77 , pp. 1126-1134
    • Ohara, T.1
  • 190
    • 0036227542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Type 2 diabetes, APOE gene, and the risk for dementia and related pathologies: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study
    • Peila, R., Rodriguez, B. L., Launer, L. J. & Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Type 2 diabetes, APOE gene, and the risk for dementia and related pathologies: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Diabetes 51, 1256-1262 (2002).
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 1256-1262
    • Peila, R.1    Rodriguez, B.L.2    Launer, L.J.3
  • 191
    • 0037161304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of hypertension in the elderly to AD, vascular dementia, and cognitive function
    • Posner, H. B. et al. The relationship of hypertension in the elderly to AD, vascular dementia, and cognitive function. Neurology 58, 1175-1181 (2002).
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.58 , pp. 1175-1181
    • Posner, H.B.1
  • 192
    • 63249111096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mid-and late-life diabetes in relation to the risk of dementia: A population-based twin study
    • Xu, W. et al. Mid-and late-life diabetes in relation to the risk of dementia: a population-based twin study. Diabetes 58, 71-77 (2009).
    • (2009) Diabetes , vol.58 , pp. 71-77
    • Xu, W.1
  • 193
    • 84888402101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus and risk of dementia: A meta-analysis of prospective observational studies
    • Gudala, K., Bansal, D., Schifano, F. & Bhansali, A. Diabetes mellitus and risk of dementia: a meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. J. Diabetes Investig. 4, 640-650 (2013).
    • (2013) J. Diabetes Investig. , vol.4 , pp. 640-650
    • Gudala, K.1    Bansal, D.2    Schifano, F.3    Bhansali, A.4
  • 194
    • 84856606017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic targets of brain insulin resistance in sporadic Alzheimer's disease
    • de la Monte, S. M. Therapeutic targets of brain insulin resistance in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Front. Biosci. (Elite Ed.) 4, 1582-1605 (2012).
    • (2012) Front. Biosci. (Elite Ed.) , vol.4 , pp. 1582-1605
    • De La Monte, S.M.1
  • 195
    • 84962652102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus induces Alzheimer's disease pathology: Histopathological evidence from animal models
    • Kimura, N. Diabetes mellitus induces Alzheimer's disease pathology: histopathological evidence from animal models. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 17, 503 (2016).
    • (2016) Int. J. Mol. Sci. , vol.17 , pp. 503
    • Kimura, N.1
  • 196
    • 84918804167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet-induced obesity accelerates the onset of terminal phenotypes in alpha-synuclein transgenic mice
    • Rotermund, C., Truckenmuller, F. M., Schell, H. & Kahle, P. J. Diet-induced obesity accelerates the onset of terminal phenotypes in alpha-synuclein transgenic mice. J. Neurochem. 131, 848-858 (2014).
    • (2014) J. Neurochem. , vol.131 , pp. 848-858
    • Rotermund, C.1    Truckenmuller, F.M.2    Schell, H.3    Kahle, P.J.4
  • 198
    • 0346216156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes and atrophy of medial temporal lobe structures on brain MRI
    • den Heijer, T. et al. Type 2 diabetes and atrophy of medial temporal lobe structures on brain MRI. Diabetologia 46, 1604-1610 (2003).
    • (2003) Diabetologia , vol.46 , pp. 1604-1610
    • Den Heijer, T.1
  • 199
    • 33847652525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal damage and memory impairments as possible early brain complications of type 2 diabetes
    • Gold, S. M. et al. Hippocampal damage and memory impairments as possible early brain complications of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 50, 711-719 (2007).
    • (2007) Diabetologia , vol.50 , pp. 711-719
    • Gold, S.M.1
  • 200
    • 84859068426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired insulin sensitivity as indexed by the HOMA score is associated with deficits in verbal fluency and temporal lobe gray matter volume in the elderly
    • Benedict, C. et al. Impaired insulin sensitivity as indexed by the HOMA score is associated with deficits in verbal fluency and temporal lobe gray matter volume in the elderly. Diabetes Care 35, 488-494 (2012).
    • (2012) Diabetes Care , vol.35 , pp. 488-494
    • Benedict, C.1
  • 201
    • 80054896120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of metabolic dysregulation with volumetric brain magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive markers of subclinical brain aging in middle-aged adults: The Framingham Offspring Study
    • Tan, Z. S. et al. Association of metabolic dysregulation with volumetric brain magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive markers of subclinical brain aging in middle-aged adults: the Framingham Offspring Study. Diabetes Care 34, 1766-1770 (2011).
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , pp. 1766-1770
    • Tan, Z.S.1
  • 202
    • 78650651998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance and hippocampal volume in women at risk for Alzheimer's disease
    • Rasgon, N. L. et al. Insulin resistance and hippocampal volume in women at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging 32, 1942-1948 (2011).
    • (2011) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.32 , pp. 1942-1948
    • Rasgon, N.L.1
  • 203
    • 84873817577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance, brain atrophy, and cognitive performance in late middle-aged adults
    • Willette, A. A. et al. Insulin resistance, brain atrophy, and cognitive performance in late middle-aged adults. Diabetes Care 36, 443-449 (2013).
    • (2013) Diabetes Care , vol.36 , pp. 443-449
    • Willette, A.A.1
  • 204
    • 84994236090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adiposity is inversely associated with hippocampal volume in African Americans and European Americans with diabetes
    • Hsu, F. C. et al. Adiposity is inversely associated with hippocampal volume in African Americans and European Americans with diabetes. J. Diabetes Compl. 30, 1506-1512 (2016).
    • (2016) J. Diabetes Compl. , vol.30 , pp. 1506-1512
    • Hsu, F.C.1
  • 205
    • 84922420531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus correlates with reduced hippocampal CA1 and subiculum volumes
    • Zhang, Y. W. et al. Memory dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus correlates with reduced hippocampal CA1 and subiculum volumes. Chin. Med. J. (Engl.) 128, 465-471 (2015).
    • (2015) Chin. Med. J. (Engl.) , vol.128 , pp. 465-471
    • Zhang, Y.W.1
  • 206
    • 84893874322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural substrates of verbal memory impairments in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Yau, P. L., Kluger, A., Borod, J. C. & Convit, A. Neural substrates of verbal memory impairments in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 36, 74-87 (2014).
    • (2014) J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. , vol.36 , pp. 74-87
    • Yau, P.L.1    Kluger, A.2    Borod, J.C.3    Convit, A.4
  • 207
    • 84855410053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes affects hippocampus volume differentially in men and women
    • Hempel, R., Onopa, R. & Convit, A. Type 2 diabetes affects hippocampus volume differentially in men and women. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 28, 76-83 (2012).
    • (2012) Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. , vol.28 , pp. 76-83
    • Hempel, R.1    Onopa, R.2    Convit, A.3
  • 208
    • 84948978519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes mellitus and biomarkers of neurodegeneration
    • Moran, C. et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and biomarkers of neurodegeneration. Neurology 85, 1123-1130 (2015).
    • (2015) Neurology , vol.85 , pp. 1123-1130
    • Moran, C.1
  • 209
    • 84964697985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance predicts medial temporal hypermetabolism in mild cognitive impairment conversion to Alzheimer disease
    • Willette, A. A., Modanlo, N., Kapogiannis, D. & Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Insulin resistance predicts medial temporal hypermetabolism in mild cognitive impairment conversion to Alzheimer disease. Diabetes 64, 1933-1940 (2015).
    • (2015) Diabetes , vol.64 , pp. 1933-1940
    • Willette, A.A.1    Modanlo, N.2    Kapogiannis, D.3    Alzheimer'S Disease Neuroimaging Initiative4
  • 210
    • 84908014210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive dysfunctions in middle-aged type 2 diabetic patients and neuroimaging correlations: A cross-sectional study
    • Garcia-Casares, N. et al. Cognitive dysfunctions in middle-aged type 2 diabetic patients and neuroimaging correlations: a cross-sectional study. J. Alzheimers Dis. 42, 1337-1346 (2014).
    • (2014) J. Alzheimers Dis. , vol.42 , pp. 1337-1346
    • Garcia-Casares, N.1
  • 211
    • 84908500498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between fasting serum glucose and cerebral glucose metabolism in late-life depression and normal aging
    • Marano, C. M. et al. The relationship between fasting serum glucose and cerebral glucose metabolism in late-life depression and normal aging. Psychiatry Res. 222, 84-90 (2014).
    • (2014) Psychiatry Res. , vol.222 , pp. 84-90
    • Marano, C.M.1
  • 212
    • 84879886669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired glucose tolerance in midlife and longitudinal changes in brain function during aging
    • Thambisetty, M. et al. Impaired glucose tolerance in midlife and longitudinal changes in brain function during aging. Neurobiol. Aging 34, 2271-2276 (2013).
    • (2013) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.34 , pp. 2271-2276
    • Thambisetty, M.1
  • 213
    • 84861626301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral haemodynamics, cognition and brain volumes in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Brundel, M. et al. Cerebral haemodynamics, cognition and brain volumes in patients with type 2 diabetes. J. Diabetes Compl. 26, 205-209 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Diabetes Compl. , vol.26 , pp. 205-209
    • Brundel, M.1
  • 214
    • 84865467874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resting-state brain functional connectivity is altered in type 2 diabetes
    • Musen, G. et al. Resting-state brain functional connectivity is altered in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 61, 2375-2379 (2012).
    • (2012) Diabetes , vol.61 , pp. 2375-2379
    • Musen, G.1
  • 215
    • 85042456870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral perfusion alterations in type 2 diabetes and its relation to insulin resistance and cognitive dysfunction
    • Cui, Y. et al. Cerebral perfusion alterations in type 2 diabetes and its relation to insulin resistance and cognitive dysfunction. Brain Imaging Behav. 11, 1248-1257 (2017).
    • (2017) Brain Imaging Behav. , vol.11 , pp. 1248-1257
    • Cui, Y.1
  • 216
    • 85011334081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance is associated with lower arterial blood flow and reduced cortical perfusion in cognitively asymptomatic middle-aged adults
    • Hoscheidt, S. M. et al. Insulin resistance is associated with lower arterial blood flow and reduced cortical perfusion in cognitively asymptomatic middle-aged adults. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. (2016).
    • (2016) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab.
    • Hoscheidt, S.M.1
  • 217
    • 84952334367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure is associated with cerebral blood flow alterations in patients with T2DM as revealed by perfusion functional MRI
    • Xia, W. et al. Blood pressure is associated with cerebral blood flow alterations in patients with T2DM as revealed by perfusion functional MRI. Med. (Baltimore) 94, e2231 (2015).
    • (2015) Med. (Baltimore) , vol.94 , pp. e2231
    • Xia, W.1
  • 218
    • 84930640581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disrupted resting-state attentional networks in T2DM patients
    • Xia, W. et al. Disrupted resting-state attentional networks in T2DM patients. Sci. Rep. 5, 11148 (2015).
    • (2015) Sci. Rep. , vol.5 , pp. 11148
    • Xia, W.1
  • 219
    • 84929300724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance-associated interhemispheric functional connectivity alterations in T2DM: A resting-state fMRI study
    • Xia, W. et al. Insulin resistance-associated interhemispheric functional connectivity alterations in T2DM: a resting-state fMRI study. Biomed. Res. Int. 2015, 719076 (2015).
    • (2015) Biomed. Res. Int. , vol.2015 , pp. 719076
    • Xia, W.1
  • 220
    • 84886086583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered baseline brain activity in type 2 diabetes: A resting-state fMRI study
    • Xia, W. et al. Altered baseline brain activity in type 2 diabetes: a resting-state fMRI study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 38, 2493-2501 (2013).
    • (2013) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.38 , pp. 2493-2501
    • Xia, W.1
  • 221
    • 84929295476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance predicts brain amyloid deposition in late middle-aged adults
    • Willette, A. A. et al. Insulin resistance predicts brain amyloid deposition in late middle-aged adults. Alzheimers Dement. 11, 504-510 (2015).
    • (2015) Alzheimers Dement. , vol.11 , pp. 504-510
    • Willette, A.A.1
  • 222
    • 84883824146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and pathological features of Alzheimer disease in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
    • Thambisetty, M. et al. Glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and pathological features of Alzheimer disease in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. JAMA Neurol. 70, 1167-1172 (2013).
    • (2013) JAMA Neurol. , vol.70 , pp. 1167-1172
    • Thambisetty, M.1
  • 223
    • 84871971650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain accumulation of amyloid-β protein visualized by positron emission tomography and BF-227 in Alzheimer's disease patients with or without diabetes mellitus
    • Tomita, N. et al. Brain accumulation of amyloid-β protein visualized by positron emission tomography and BF-227 in Alzheimer's disease patients with or without diabetes mellitus. Geriatr. Gerontol. Int. 13, 215-221 (2013).
    • (2013) Geriatr. Gerontol. Int. , vol.13 , pp. 215-221
    • Tomita, N.1
  • 224
    • 84922987888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of diabetes-related dementia: Longitudinal perfusion SPECT and amyloid PET studies
    • Fukasawa, R. et al. Identification of diabetes-related dementia: longitudinal perfusion SPECT and amyloid PET studies. J. Neurol. Sci. 349, 45-51 (2015).
    • (2015) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.349 , pp. 45-51
    • Fukasawa, R.1
  • 225
    • 84930453413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance is associated with higher cerebrospinal fluid tau levels in asymptomatic APOϵ4 Carriers
    • Starks, E. J. et al. Insulin resistance is associated with higher cerebrospinal fluid tau levels in asymptomatic APOϵ4 Carriers. J. Alzheimers Dis. 46, 525-533 (2015).
    • (2015) J. Alzheimers Dis. , vol.46 , pp. 525-533
    • Starks, E.J.1
  • 226
    • 0030680107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetics do not have increased Alzheimer-type pathology compared with age-matched control subjects. A retrospective postmortem immunocytochemical and histofluorescent study
    • Heitner, J. & Dickson, D. Diabetics do not have increased Alzheimer-type pathology compared with age-matched control subjects. A retrospective postmortem immunocytochemical and histofluorescent study. Neurology 49, 1306-1311 (1997).
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.49 , pp. 1306-1311
    • Heitner, J.1    Dickson, D.2
  • 227
    • 54049136095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin in combination with other diabetes medication is associated with less Alzheimer neuropathology
    • Beeri, M. S. et al. Insulin in combination with other diabetes medication is associated with less Alzheimer neuropathology. Neurology 71, 750-757 (2008).
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.71 , pp. 750-757
    • Beeri, M.S.1
  • 228
    • 62449286253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different patterns of cerebral injury in dementia with or without diabetes
    • Sonnen, J. A. et al. Different patterns of cerebral injury in dementia with or without diabetes. Arch. Neurol. 66, 315-322 (2009).
    • (2009) Arch. Neurol. , vol.66 , pp. 315-322
    • Sonnen, J.A.1
  • 229
    • 33845704496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes is related to cerebral infarction but not to AD pathology in older persons
    • Arvanitakis, Z. et al. Diabetes is related to cerebral infarction but not to AD pathology in older persons. Neurology 67, 1960-1965 (2006).
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.67 , pp. 1960-1965
    • Arvanitakis, Z.1
  • 230
    • 64549087258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human cerebral neuropathology of Type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Nelson, P. T. et al. Human cerebral neuropathology of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1792, 454-469 (2009).
    • (2009) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1792 , pp. 454-469
    • Nelson, P.T.1
  • 231
    • 84977616475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes is associated with cerebrovascular but not Alzheimer's disease neuropathology
    • Abner, E. L. et al. Diabetes is associated with cerebrovascular but not Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Alzheimers Dement. 12, 882-889 (2016).
    • (2016) Alzheimers Dement. , vol.12 , pp. 882-889
    • Abner, E.L.1
  • 232
    • 84882762220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased Alzheimer's disease neuropathology is associated with type 2 diabetes and ApoE ϵ4 carrier status
    • Malek-Ahmadi, M. et al. Increased Alzheimer's disease neuropathology is associated with type 2 diabetes and ApoE ϵ4 carrier status. Curr. Alzheimer Res. 10, 654-659 (2013).
    • (2013) Curr. Alzheimer Res. , vol.10 , pp. 654-659
    • Malek-Ahmadi, M.1
  • 233
    • 84988005798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose levels during life and neuropathologic findings at autopsy among people never treated for diabetes
    • Crane, P. K. et al. Glucose levels during life and neuropathologic findings at autopsy among people never treated for diabetes. Neurobiol. Aging 48, 72-82 (2016).
    • (2016) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.48 , pp. 72-82
    • Crane, P.K.1
  • 234
    • 0015894131 scopus 로고
    • Intracranial vascular lesions in patients with diabetes mellitus
    • Aronson, S. M. Intracranial vascular lesions in patients with diabetes mellitus. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 32, 183-196 (1973).
    • (1973) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.32 , pp. 183-196
    • Aronson, S.M.1
  • 236
    • 84918778025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathology of type 2 diabetes: A short review on insulin-related mechanisms
    • Guerrero-Berroa, E., Schmeidler, J. & Beeri, M. S. Neuropathology of type 2 diabetes: a short review on insulin-related mechanisms. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol 24, 1961-1966 (2014).
    • (2014) Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.24 , pp. 1961-1966
    • Guerrero-Berroa, E.1    Schmeidler, J.2    Beeri, M.S.3
  • 237
    • 84874455392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease: The confounders, interactions, and neuropathology associated with this relationship
    • Vagelatos, N. T. & Eslick, G. D. Type 2 diabetes as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease: the confounders, interactions, and neuropathology associated with this relationship. Epidemiol. Rev. 35, 152-160 (2013).
    • (2013) Epidemiol. Rev. , vol.35 , pp. 152-160
    • Vagelatos, N.T.1    Eslick, G.D.2
  • 238
    • 84865529158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and biomarker changes in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease
    • Bateman, R. J. et al. Clinical and biomarker changes in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 367, 795-804 (2012).
    • (2012) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.367 , pp. 795-804
    • Bateman, R.J.1
  • 239
    • 84889571471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired glycemia increases disease progression in mild cognitive impairment
    • Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
    • Morris, J. K., Vidoni, E. D., Honea, R. A., Burns, J. M. & Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Impaired glycemia increases disease progression in mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol. Aging 35, 585-589 (2014).
    • (2014) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.35 , pp. 585-589
    • Morris, J.K.1    Vidoni, E.D.2    Honea, R.A.3    Burns, J.M.4
  • 240
    • 84971441734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired fasting glucose is associated with increased regional cerebral amyloid
    • Morris, J. K. et al. Impaired fasting glucose is associated with increased regional cerebral amyloid. Neurobiol. Aging 44, 138-142 (2016).
    • (2016) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.44 , pp. 138-142
    • Morris, J.K.1
  • 241
    • 84859929415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apolipoprotein e gene polymorphism: Effects on plasma lipids and risk of type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease
    • Chaudhary, R. et al. Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism: effects on plasma lipids and risk of type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 11, 36 (2012).
    • (2012) Cardiovasc. Diabetol. , vol.11 , pp. 36
    • Chaudhary, R.1
  • 242
    • 84959119172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apolipoprotein e gene polymorphism and risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
    • El-Lebedy, D., Raslan, H. M. & Mohammed, A. M. Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc. Diabetol 15, 12 (2016).
    • (2016) Cardiovasc. Diabetol , vol.15 , pp. 12
    • El-Lebedy, D.1    Raslan, H.M.2    Mohammed, A.M.3
  • 243
    • 84943785470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in understanding the genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes
    • Mohlke, K. L. & Boehnke, M. Recent advances in understanding the genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes. Hum. Mol. Genet. 24, R85-R92 (2015).
    • (2015) Hum. Mol. Genet. , vol.24 , pp. R85-R92
    • Mohlke, K.L.1    Boehnke, M.2
  • 244
    • 84954192759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genes, genetics, and environment in type 2 diabetes: Implication in personalized medicine
    • Kaul, N. & Ali, S. Genes, genetics, and environment in type 2 diabetes: implication in personalized medicine. DNA Cell Biol. 35, 1-12 (2016).
    • (2016) DNA Cell Biol. , vol.35 , pp. 1-12
    • Kaul, N.1    Ali, S.2
  • 245
    • 84900022532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of type 2 diabetes: Insights into the pathogenesis and its clinical application
    • Sun, X., Yu, W. & Hu, C. Genetics of type 2 diabetes: insights into the pathogenesis and its clinical application. Biomed. Res. Int. 2014, 926713 (2014).
    • (2014) Biomed. Res. Int. , vol.2014 , pp. 926713
    • Sun, X.1    Yu, W.2    Hu, C.3
  • 246
    • 84908463972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of Alzheimer's disease
    • Chouraki, V. & Seshadri, S. Genetics of Alzheimer's disease. Adv. Genet. 87, 245-294 (2014).
    • (2014) Adv. Genet. , vol.87 , pp. 245-294
    • Chouraki, V.1    Seshadri, S.2
  • 247
    • 84920703987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease risk genes and mechanisms of disease pathogenesis
    • Karch, C. M. & Goate, A. M. Alzheimer's disease risk genes and mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. Biol. Psychiatry 77, 43-51 (2015).
    • (2015) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.77 , pp. 43-51
    • Karch, C.M.1    Goate, A.M.2
  • 248
    • 34347389636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SORCS1: A novel human type 2 diabetes susceptibility gene suggested by the mouse
    • Goodarzi, M. O. et al. SORCS1: a novel human type 2 diabetes susceptibility gene suggested by the mouse. Diabetes 56, 1922-1929 (2007).
    • (2007) Diabetes , vol.56 , pp. 1922-1929
    • Goodarzi, M.O.1
  • 249
    • 61649092571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic convergence to identify candidate genes for Alzheimer disease on chromosome 10
    • Liang, X. et al. Genomic convergence to identify candidate genes for Alzheimer disease on chromosome 10. Hum. Mutat. 30, 463-471 (2009).
    • (2009) Hum. Mutat. , vol.30 , pp. 463-471
    • Liang, X.1
  • 250
    • 77957326612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes-associated SorCS1 regulates Alzheimer's amyloid-beta metabolism: Evidence for involvement of SorL1 and the retromer complex
    • Lane, R. F. et al. Diabetes-associated SorCS1 regulates Alzheimer's amyloid-beta metabolism: evidence for involvement of SorL1 and the retromer complex. J. Neurosci. 30, 13110-13115 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Neurosci. , vol.30 , pp. 13110-13115
    • Lane, R.F.1
  • 251
    • 0019818758 scopus 로고
    • Glucose intolerance and aging
    • DeFronzo, R. A. Glucose intolerance and aging. Diabetes Care 4, 493-501 (1981).
    • (1981) Diabetes Care , vol.4 , pp. 493-501
    • DeFronzo, R.A.1
  • 252
    • 0026067919 scopus 로고
    • Age as independent determinant of glucose tolerance
    • Shimokata, H. et al. Age as independent determinant of glucose tolerance. Diabetes 40, 44-51 (1991).
    • (1991) Diabetes , vol.40 , pp. 44-51
    • Shimokata, H.1
  • 253
    • 0038321329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of progression from normal glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
    • Meigs, J. B. et al. The natural history of progression from normal glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Diabetes 52, 1475-1484 (2003).
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , pp. 1475-1484
    • Meigs, J.B.1
  • 254
    • 0029984230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin action and age. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR)
    • Ferrannini, E. et al. Insulin action and age. European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR). Diabetes 45, 947-953 (1996).
    • (1996) Diabetes , vol.45 , pp. 947-953
    • Ferrannini, E.1
  • 255
    • 33644591150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin and insulin-like growth factor expression and function deteriorate with progression of Alzheimer's disease: Link to brain reductions in acetylcholine
    • Rivera, E. J. et al. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor expression and function deteriorate with progression of Alzheimer's disease: link to brain reductions in acetylcholine. J. Alzheimers Dis. 8, 247-268 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Alzheimers Dis. , vol.8 , pp. 247-268
    • Rivera, E.J.1
  • 256
    • 71349085957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defects in IGF-1 receptor, insulin receptor and IRS-1/2 in Alzheimer's disease indicate possible resistance to IGF-1 and insulin signalling
    • Moloney, A. M. et al. Defects in IGF-1 receptor, insulin receptor and IRS-1/2 in Alzheimer's disease indicate possible resistance to IGF-1 and insulin signalling. Neurobiol. Aging 31, 224-243 (2010).
    • (2010) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.31 , pp. 224-243
    • Moloney, A.M.1
  • 257
    • 0031928535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is sporadic Alzheimer disease the brain type of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus? A challenging hypothesis
    • Hoyer, S. Is sporadic Alzheimer disease the brain type of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus? A challenging hypothesis. J. Neural Transm. (Vienna) 105, 415-422 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Neural Transm. (Vienna) , vol.105 , pp. 415-422
    • Hoyer, S.1
  • 258
    • 0024545260 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral excess release of neurotransmitter amino acids subsequent to reduced cerebral glucose metabolism in early-onset dementia of Alzheimer type
    • Hoyer, S. & Nitsch, R. Cerebral excess release of neurotransmitter amino acids subsequent to reduced cerebral glucose metabolism in early-onset dementia of Alzheimer type. J. Neural Transm. 75, 227-232 (1989).
    • (1989) J. Neural Transm. , vol.75 , pp. 227-232
    • Hoyer, S.1    Nitsch, R.2
  • 259
    • 65549103889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain insulin-like growth factor and neurotrophin resistance in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: Potential role of manganese neurotoxicity
    • Tong, M., Dong, M. & de la Monte, S. M. Brain insulin-like growth factor and neurotrophin resistance in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: potential role of manganese neurotoxicity. J. Alzheimers Dis. 16, 585-599 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Alzheimers Dis. , vol.16 , pp. 585-599
    • Tong, M.1    Dong, M.2    De La Monte, S.M.3
  • 260
    • 0038100358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of protein kinase B in Alzheimer's neurofibrillary pathology
    • Pei, J. J. et al. Role of protein kinase B in Alzheimer's neurofibrillary pathology. Acta Neuropathol. 105, 381-392 (2003).
    • (2003) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.105 , pp. 381-392
    • Pei, J.J.1
  • 261
    • 2342558065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt activity in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders
    • Rickle, A. et al. Akt activity in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Neuroreport 15, 955-959 (2004).
    • (2004) Neuroreport , vol.15 , pp. 955-959
    • Rickle, A.1
  • 262
    • 23844457609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levels of mTOR and its downstream targets 4E-BP1, eEF2, and eEF2 kinase in relationships with tau in Alzheimer's disease brain
    • Li, X., Alafuzoff, I., Soininen, H., Winblad, B. & Pei, J. J. Levels of mTOR and its downstream targets 4E-BP1, eEF2, and eEF2 kinase in relationships with tau in Alzheimer's disease brain. FEBS J. 272, 4211-4220 (2005).
    • (2005) FEBS J. , vol.272 , pp. 4211-4220
    • Li, X.1    Alafuzoff, I.2    Soininen, H.3    Winblad, B.4    Pei, J.J.5
  • 263
    • 16244391770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of Akt/PKB, increased phosphorylation of Akt substrates and loss and altered distribution of Akt and PTEN are features of Alzheimer's disease pathology
    • Griffin, R. J. et al. Activation of Akt/PKB, increased phosphorylation of Akt substrates and loss and altered distribution of Akt and PTEN are features of Alzheimer's disease pathology. J. Neurochem. 93, 105-117 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Neurochem. , vol.93 , pp. 105-117
    • Griffin, R.J.1
  • 264
    • 77951875902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors
    • Avila, J., Wandosell, F. & Hernandez, F. Role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors. Expert Rev. Neurother 10, 703-710 (2010).
    • (2010) Expert Rev. Neurother , vol.10 , pp. 703-710
    • Avila, J.1    Wandosell, F.2    Hernandez, F.3
  • 265
    • 39849110726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The GSK3 hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease
    • Hooper, C., Killick, R. & Lovestone, S. The GSK3 hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurochem. 104, 1433-1439 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Neurochem. , vol.104 , pp. 1433-1439
    • Hooper, C.1    Killick, R.2    Lovestone, S.3
  • 266
    • 84859726053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An anti-diabetes agent protects the mouse brain from defective insulin signaling caused by Alzheimer's disease-associated Abeta oligomers
    • Bomfim, T. R. et al. An anti-diabetes agent protects the mouse brain from defective insulin signaling caused by Alzheimer's disease-associated Abeta oligomers. J. Clin. Invest. 122, 1339-1353 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.122 , pp. 1339-1353
    • Bomfim, T.R.1
  • 267
    • 84939895058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 is associated with tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease and tauopathies
    • Yarchoan, M. et al. Abnormal serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 is associated with tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease and tauopathies. Acta Neuropathol. 128, 679-689 (2014).
    • (2014) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.128 , pp. 679-689
    • Yarchoan, M.1
  • 268
    • 84928012290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alteration of mTOR signaling occurs early in the progression of Alzheimer disease (AD): Analysis of brain from subjects with pre-clinical AD, amnestic mild cognitive impairment and late-stage AD
    • Tramutola, A. et al. Alteration of mTOR signaling occurs early in the progression of Alzheimer disease (AD): analysis of brain from subjects with pre-clinical AD, amnestic mild cognitive impairment and late-stage AD. J. Neurochem. 133, 739-749 (2015).
    • (2015) J. Neurochem. , vol.133 , pp. 739-749
    • Tramutola, A.1
  • 269
    • 84973541502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metaflammasome components in the human brain: A role in dementia with Alzheimer's pathology?
    • Taga, M. et al. Metaflammasome components in the human brain: a role in dementia with alzheimer's pathology? Brain Pathol. 27, 266-275 (2017).
    • (2017) Brain Pathol. , vol.27 , pp. 266-275
    • Taga, M.1
  • 270
    • 0028344810 scopus 로고
    • Loss of insulin receptor immunoreactivity from the substantia nigra pars compacta neurons in Parkinson's disease
    • Moroo, I. et al. Loss of insulin receptor immunoreactivity from the substantia nigra pars compacta neurons in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol. 87, 343-348 (1994).
    • (1994) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.87 , pp. 343-348
    • Moroo, I.1
  • 271
    • 0030047594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin receptor mRNA in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease
    • Takahashi, M. et al. Insulin receptor mRNA in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci. Lett. 204, 201-204 (1996).
    • (1996) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.204 , pp. 201-204
    • Takahashi, M.1
  • 272
    • 70350347175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt signal transduction dysfunction in Parkinson's disease
    • Timmons, S., Coakley, M. F., Moloney, A. M. & O'Neill C. Akt signal transduction dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci. Lett. 467, 30-35 (2009).
    • (2009) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.467 , pp. 30-35
    • Timmons, S.1    Coakley, M.F.2    Moloney, A.M.3    O'Neill, C.4
  • 273
    • 85018745780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of regular and long-acting insulin on cognition and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: A pilot clinical trial
    • Craft, S. et al. Effects of regular and long-acting insulin on cognition and alzheimer's disease biomarkers: a pilot clinical trial. J. Alzheimers Dis. 57, 1325-1334 (2017).
    • (2017) J. Alzheimers Dis. , vol.57 , pp. 1325-1334
    • Craft, S.1
  • 274
    • 84903194920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repurposing diabetes drugs for brain insulin resistance in Alzheimer disease
    • Yarchoan, M. & Arnold, S. E. Repurposing diabetes drugs for brain insulin resistance in Alzheimer disease. Diabetes 63, 2253-2261 (2014).
    • (2014) Diabetes , vol.63 , pp. 2253-2261
    • Yarchoan, M.1    Arnold, S.E.2
  • 275
    • 84961773449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metformin in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: Results of a pilot randomized placebo controlled clinical trial
    • Luchsinger, J. A. et al. Metformin in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: results of a pilot randomized placebo controlled clinical trial. J. Alzheimers Dis. 51, 501-514 (2016).
    • (2016) J. Alzheimers Dis. , vol.51 , pp. 501-514
    • Luchsinger, J.A.1
  • 276
    • 85019626874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the insulin sensitizer metformin in Alzheimer disease: Pilot data from a randomized placebo-controlled crossover study
    • Koenig, A. M. et al. Effects of the insulin sensitizer metformin in alzheimer disease: pilot data from a randomized placebo-controlled crossover study. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 31, 107-113 (2017).
    • (2017) Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. , vol.31 , pp. 107-113
    • Koenig, A.M.1
  • 277
    • 84992348033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) as therapeutic target in neurodegenerative disorders
    • Agarwal, S., Yadav, A. & Chaturvedi, R. K. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) as therapeutic target in neurodegenerative disorders. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 483, 1166-1177 (2017).
    • (2017) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.483 , pp. 1166-1177
    • Agarwal, S.1    Yadav, A.2    Chaturvedi, R.K.3
  • 278
    • 79959974461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone does not improve cognition or global function when used as adjunctive therapy to AChE inhibitors in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: Two phase 3 studies
    • Harrington, C. et al. Rosiglitazone does not improve cognition or global function when used as adjunctive therapy to AChE inhibitors in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: two phase 3 studies. Curr. Alzheimer Res. 8, 592-606 (2011).
    • (2011) Curr. Alzheimer Res. , vol.8 , pp. 592-606
    • Harrington, C.1
  • 279
    • 84991355119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incretin-based therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus is promising for treating neurodegenerative diseases
    • Li, Y., Li, L. & Holscher, C. Incretin-based therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus is promising for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Rev. Neurosci. 27, 689-711 (2016).
    • (2016) Rev. Neurosci. , vol.27 , pp. 689-711
    • Li, Y.1    Li, L.2    Holscher, C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.