The metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and risk of cognitive decline

JAMA

Volumn 292, Issue 18, 2004, Pages 2237-2242

  Yaffe, Kristine ^a   Kanaya, Alka ^b   Lindquist, Karla ^a   Simonsick, Eleanor M ^c   Harris, Tamara ^c   Shorr, Ronald I ^d   Tylavsky, Frances A ^d   Newman, Anne B ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

C REACTIVE PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 6;

AFRICAN AMERICAN; AGED; ARTICLE; BLOOD LEVEL; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE MARKER; EUROPEAN AMERICAN; FEMALE; GENDER; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL TEST; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SELF REPORT; BLOOD; CLINICAL TRIAL; METABOLISM; MULTICENTER STUDY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PROSPECTIVE STUDY;

AGED; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; COGNITION DISORDERS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; INTERLEUKIN-6; MALE; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 7744239901     PISSN: 00987484     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/jama.292.18.2237     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Launer LJ. Demonstrating the case that AD is a vascular disease: epidemiologic evidence. Ageing Res Rev. 2002;1:61-77.
2. Kalmijn S, Feskens EJ, Launer LJ, Stijnen T, Kromhout D. Glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinaemia and cognitive function in a general population of elderly men. Diabetologia. 1995;38:1096-1102.
3. Gregg EW, Yaffe K, Cauley JA, et al. Is diabetes associated with cognitive impairment and cognitive decline among older women? Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:174-180.
4. Yaffe K, Barrett-Connor E, Lin F, Grady D. Serum lipoprotein levels, statin use, and cognitive function in older women. Arch Neurol. 2002;59:378-384.
5. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection. Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486-2497.
6. Barzilay JI, Abraham L, Heckbert SR, et al. The relation of markers of inflammation to the development of glucose disorders in the elderly: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Diabetes. 2001;50:2384-2389.
7. Pradhan AD, Manson JE, Rifai N, Buring JE, Ridker PM. C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA. 2001;286:327-334.
8. Yaffe K, Lindquist K, Penninx BW, et al. Inflammatory markers and cognition in well-functioning African-American and white elders. Neurology. 2003;61:76-80.
9. McGeer EG, McGeer PL. Brain inflammation in Alzheimer disease and the therapeutic implications. Curr Pharm Des. 1999;5:821-836.
10. Zandi PP, Anthony JC, Hayden KM, Mehta K, Mayer L, Breitner JC. Reduced incidence of AD with NSAID but not H2 receptor antagonists: the Cache County Study. Neurology. 2002;59:880-886.
11. Teng EL, Chui HC. The Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examination. J Clin Psychiatry. 1987;48:314-318.
12. Kuller LH, Lopez OL, Newman A, et al. Risk factors for dementia in the cardiovascular health cognition study. Neuroepidemiology. 2003;22:13-22.
13. Radloff L. The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1977;1:385-401.
14. Pahor M, Chrischilles EA, Guralnik JM, Brown SL, Wallace RB, Carbonin P. Drug data coding and analysis in epidemiologic studies. Eur J Epidemiol. 1994;10:405-411.
15. Zhang J, Yu KF. What's the relative risk? a method of correcting the odds ratio in cohort studies of common outcomes. JAMA. 1998;280:1690-1691.
16. Laird NM, Ware JH. Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics. 1982;38:963-974.
17. Schwarz G. Estimating the dimension of a model. Ann Statist. 1978;6:461-464.
18. Little RJ, Wang Y. Pattern-mixture models for multivariate incomplete data with covariates. Biometrics. 1996;52:98-111.
19. Launer LJ, Masaki K, Petrovitch H, Foley D, Havlik RJ. The association between midlife blood pressure levels and late-life cognitive function: the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. JAMA. 1995;274:1846-1851.
20. Knopman D, Boland LL, Mosley T, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive decline in middle-aged adults. Neurology. 2001;56:42-48.
21. Moroney JT, Tang MX, Berglund L, et al. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk of dementia with stroke. JAMA. 1999;282:254-260.
22. Evans RM, Emsley CL, Gao S, et al. Serum cholesterol, APOE genotype, and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: a population-based study of African Americans. Neurology. 2000;54:240-242.
23. Grodstein F, Chen J, Wilson RS, Manson JE. Type 2 diabetes and cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly women. Diabetes Care. 2001;24:1060-1065.
24. Kanaya AM, Barrett-Connor E, Gildengorin G, Yaffe K. Change in cognitive function by glucose tolerance status among older adults: a 4-year prospective study of the Rancho Bernardo study cohort. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:1327-1333.
25. Kalmijn S, Foley D, White L, et al. Metabolic cardiovascular syndrome and risk of dementia in Japanese-American elderly men: the Honolulu-Asia aging study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000;20:2255-2260.
26. Campbell IL, Abraham CR, Masliah E, et al. Neurologic disease induced in transgenic mice by cerebral overexpression of interleukin 6. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993;90:10061-10065.
27. Jones RW. Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. Lancet. 2001;358:436-437.
28. Engelhart MJ, Geerlings MI, Meijer J, et al. Inflammatory proteins in plasma and the risk of dementia: the Rotterdam Study. Arch Neurol. 2004;61:668-672.
29. Ridker PM, Buring JE, Shih J, Matias M, Hennekens CH. Prospective study of C-reactive protein and the risk of future cardiovascular events among apparently healthy women. Circulation. 1998;98:731-733.
30. Grundy SM. Inflammation, hypertension, and the metabolic syndrome. JAMA. 2003;290:3000-3002.
31. Ridker PM, Buring JE, Cook NR, Rifai N. C-reactive protein, the metabolic syndrome, and risk of incident cardiovascular events: an 8-year follow-up of 14719 initially healthy American women. Circulation. 2003;107:391-397.
32. Das UN. Obesity, metabolic syndrome X, and inflammation. Nutrition. 2002;18:430-432.
33. Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA. 2002;287:356-359.
34. Park YW, Zhu S, Palaniappan L, Heshka S, Carnethon MR, Heymsfield SB. The metabolic syndrome: prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:427-436.