메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 18, 2015, Pages

Melanoma: Oncogenic drivers and the immune system

Author keywords

Biology; BRAF; Immune system; Melanoma; resistance; Targeted therapies

Indexed keywords


EID: 85015462731     PISSN: 23055839     EISSN: 23055847     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.08.06     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (24)

References (248)
  • 1
    • 39149104690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of phase II cooperative group trials in metastatic stage IV melanoma to determine progression-free and overall survival benchmarks for future phase II trials
    • Korn EL, Liu PY, Lee SJ, et al. Meta-analysis of phase II cooperative group trials in metastatic stage IV melanoma to determine progression-free and overall survival benchmarks for future phase II trials. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:527-34.
    • (2008) J Clin Oncol , vol.26 , pp. 527-534
    • Korn, E.L.1    Liu, P.Y.2    Lee, S.J.3
  • 2
    • 79959795786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation
    • Chapman PB, Hauschild A, Robert C, et al. Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. N Engl J Med 2011;364:2507-16.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.364 , pp. 2507-2516
    • Chapman, P.B.1    Hauschild, A.2    Robert, C.3
  • 3
    • 84868224906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in melanoma with BRAF V600 mutations
    • Flaherty KT, Infante JR, Daud A, et al. Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in melanoma with BRAF V600 mutations. N Engl J Med 2012;367:1694-703.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.367 , pp. 1694-1703
    • Flaherty, K.T.1    Infante, J.R.2    Daud, A.3
  • 4
    • 84863673204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved survival with MEK inhibition in BRAF-mutated melanoma
    • Flaherty KT, Robert C, Hersey P, et al. Improved survival with MEK inhibition in BRAF-mutated melanoma. N Engl J Med 2012;367:107-14.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.367 , pp. 107-114
    • Flaherty, K.T.1    Robert, C.2    Hersey, P.3
  • 5
    • 84879759020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and tumor responses with lambrolizumab (anti-PD-1) in melanoma
    • Hamid O, Robert C, Daud A, et al. Safety and tumor responses with lambrolizumab (anti-PD-1) in melanoma. N Engl J Med 2013;369:134-44.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.369 , pp. 134-144
    • Hamid, O.1    Robert, C.2    Daud, A.3
  • 6
    • 84864285704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dabrafenib in BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma: a multicentre, open-label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial
    • Hauschild A, Grob JJ, Demidov LV, et al. Dabrafenib in BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma: a multicentre, open-label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2012;380:358-65.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 358-365
    • Hauschild, A.1    Grob, J.J.2    Demidov, L.V.3
  • 7
    • 77954801079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma
    • Hodi FS, O'Day SJ, McDermott DF, et al. Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med 2010;363:711-23.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.363 , pp. 711-723
    • Hodi, F.S.1    O'Day, S.J.2    McDermott, D.F.3
  • 8
    • 79959772576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ipilimumab plus dacarbazine for previously untreated metastatic melanoma
    • Robert C, Thomas L, Bondarenko I, et al. Ipilimumab plus dacarbazine for previously untreated metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med 2011;364:2517-26.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.364 , pp. 2517-2526
    • Robert, C.1    Thomas, L.2    Bondarenko, I.3
  • 9
    • 18444374405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer
    • Davies H, Bignell GR, Cox C, et al. Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer. Nature 2002;417:949-54.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.417 , pp. 949-954
    • Davies, H.1    Bignell, G.R.2    Cox, C.3
  • 10
    • 27844567142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct sets of genetic alterations in melanoma
    • Curtin JA, Fridlyand J, Kageshita T, et al. Distinct sets of genetic alterations in melanoma. N Engl J Med 2005;353:2135-47.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , pp. 2135-2147
    • Curtin, J.A.1    Fridlyand, J.2    Kageshita, T.3
  • 11
    • 0036527429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein kinases-the major drug targets of the twenty-first century?
    • Cohen P. Protein kinases-the major drug targets of the twenty-first century? Nat Rev Drug Discov 2002;1:309-15.
    • (2002) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.1 , pp. 309-315
    • Cohen, P.1
  • 12
    • 84862584008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing clinicopathologic features of patients with V600E and V600K BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma
    • Menzies AM, Haydu LE, Visintin L, et al. Distinguishing clinicopathologic features of patients with V600E and V600K BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2012;18:3242-9.
    • (2012) Clin Cancer Res , vol.18 , pp. 3242-3249
    • Menzies, A.M.1    Haydu, L.E.2    Visintin, L.3
  • 13
    • 84863116743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival in BRAF V600-mutant advanced melanoma treated with vemurafenib
    • Sosman JA, Kim KB, Schuchter L, et al. Survival in BRAF V600-mutant advanced melanoma treated with vemurafenib. N Engl J Med 2012;366:707-14.
    • (2012) N Engl J Med , vol.366 , pp. 707-714
    • Sosman, J.A.1    Kim, K.B.2    Schuchter, L.3
  • 14
    • 77956030786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of mutated, activated BRAF in metastatic melanoma
    • Flaherty KT, Puzanov I, Kim KB, et al. Inhibition of mutated, activated BRAF in metastatic melanoma. N Engl J Med 2010;363:809-19.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.363 , pp. 809-819
    • Flaherty, K.T.1    Puzanov, I.2    Kim, K.B.3
  • 15
    • 84978034236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic and clinicopathologic associations of oncogenic BRAF in metastatic melanoma
    • Long GV, Menzies AM, Nagrial AM, et al. Prognostic and clinicopathologic associations of oncogenic BRAF in metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:1239-46.
    • (2011) J Clin Oncol , vol.29 , pp. 1239-1246
    • Long, G.V.1    Menzies, A.M.2    Nagrial, A.M.3
  • 16
    • 80054790555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF mutations in advanced cancers: clinical characteristics and outcomes
    • El-Osta H, Falchook G, Tsimberidou A, et al. BRAF mutations in advanced cancers: clinical characteristics and outcomes. PloS One 2011;6:e25806.
    • (2011) PloS One , vol.6
    • El-Osta, H.1    Falchook, G.2    Tsimberidou, A.3
  • 17
    • 84859972424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Routine multiplex mutational profiling of melanomas enables enrollment in genotype-driven therapeutic trials
    • Lovly CM, Dahlman KB, Fohn LE, et al. Routine multiplex mutational profiling of melanomas enables enrollment in genotype-driven therapeutic trials. PloS One 2012;7:e35309.
    • (2012) PloS One , vol.7
    • Lovly, C.M.1    Dahlman, K.B.2    Fohn, L.E.3
  • 18
    • 58149328950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CRAF inhibition induces apoptosis in melanoma cells with non-V600E BRAF mutations
    • Smalley KS, Xiao M, Villanueva J, et al. CRAF inhibition induces apoptosis in melanoma cells with non-V600E BRAF mutations. Oncogene 2009;28:85-94.
    • (2009) Oncogene , vol.28 , pp. 85-94
    • Smalley, K.S.1    Xiao, M.2    Villanueva, J.3
  • 19
    • 0141816881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of BRAF(V599E) in human melanoma abrogates transformation
    • Hingorani SR, Jacobetz MA, Robertson GP, et al. Suppression of BRAF(V599E) in human melanoma abrogates transformation. Cancer Res 2003;63:5198-202.
    • (2003) Cancer Res , vol.63 , pp. 5198-5202
    • Hingorani, S.R.1    Jacobetz, M.A.2    Robertson, G.P.3
  • 20
    • 4344584872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B-RAF is a therapeutic target in melanoma
    • Karasarides M, Chiloeches A, Hayward R, et al. B-RAF is a therapeutic target in melanoma. Oncogene 2004;23:6292-8.
    • (2004) Oncogene , vol.23 , pp. 6292-6298
    • Karasarides, M.1    Chiloeches, A.2    Hayward, R.3
  • 21
    • 4444240325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of growth and invasive ability of melanoma by inactivation of mutated BRAF with lentivirus-mediated RNA interference
    • Sumimoto H, Miyagishi M, Miyoshi H, et al. Inhibition of growth and invasive ability of melanoma by inactivation of mutated BRAF with lentivirus-mediated RNA interference. Oncogene 2004;23:6031-9.
    • (2004) Oncogene , vol.23 , pp. 6031-6039
    • Sumimoto, H.1    Miyagishi, M.2    Miyoshi, H.3
  • 22
    • 74849109743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinase-dead BRAF and oncogenic RAS cooperate to drive tumor progression through CRAF
    • Heidorn SJ, Milagre C, Whittaker S, et al. Kinase-dead BRAF and oncogenic RAS cooperate to drive tumor progression through CRAF. Cell 2010;140:209-21.
    • (2010) Cell , vol.140 , pp. 209-221
    • Heidorn, S.J.1    Milagre, C.2    Whittaker, S.3
  • 23
    • 83455254767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAF inhibitor resistance is mediated by dimerization of aberrantly spliced BRAF(V600E)
    • Poulikakos PI, Persaud Y, Janakiraman M, et al. RAF inhibitor resistance is mediated by dimerization of aberrantly spliced BRAF(V600E). Nature 2011;480:387-90.
    • (2011) Nature , vol.480 , pp. 387-390
    • Poulikakos, P.I.1    Persaud, Y.2    Janakiraman, M.3
  • 24
    • 77949685981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAF inhibitors prime wild-type RAF to activate the MAPK pathway and enhance growth
    • Hatzivassiliou G, Song K, Yen I, et al. RAF inhibitors prime wild-type RAF to activate the MAPK pathway and enhance growth. Nature 2010;464:431-5.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.464 , pp. 431-435
    • Hatzivassiliou, G.1    Song, K.2    Yen, I.3
  • 25
    • 84873346707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase III trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel with or without sorafenib in metastatic melanoma
    • Flaherty KT, Lee SJ, Zhao F, et al. Phase III trial of carboplatin and paclitaxel with or without sorafenib in metastatic melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:373-9.
    • (2013) J Clin Oncol , vol.31 , pp. 373-379
    • Flaherty, K.T.1    Lee, S.J.2    Zhao, F.3
  • 26
    • 67649909568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of a phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled study of sorafenib in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel as second-line treatment in patients with unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma
    • Hauschild A, Agarwala SS, Trefzer U, et al. Results of a phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled study of sorafenib in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel as second-line treatment in patients with unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:2823-30.
    • (2009) J Clin Oncol , vol.27 , pp. 2823-2830
    • Hauschild, A.1    Agarwala, S.S.2    Trefzer, U.3
  • 27
    • 84861083983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dabrafenib in patients with melanoma, untreated brain metastases, and other solid tumours: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial
    • Falchook GS, Long GV, Kurzrock R, et al. Dabrafenib in patients with melanoma, untreated brain metastases, and other solid tumours: a phase 1 dose-escalation trial. Lancet 2012;379:1893-901.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.379 , pp. 1893-1901
    • Falchook, G.S.1    Long, G.V.2    Kurzrock, R.3
  • 28
    • 84875235432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MEK162 for patients with advanced melanoma harbouring NRAS or Val600 BRAF mutations: a non-randomised, open-label phase 2 study
    • Ascierto PA, Schadendorf D, Berking C, et al. MEK162 for patients with advanced melanoma harbouring NRAS or Val600 BRAF mutations: a non-randomised, open-label phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 2013;14:249-56.
    • (2013) Lancet Oncol , vol.14 , pp. 249-256
    • Ascierto, P.A.1    Schadendorf, D.2    Berking, C.3
  • 29
    • 84930541641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor heterogeneity and plasticity as elusive drivers for resistance to MAPK pathway inhibition in melanoma
    • Roesch A. Tumor heterogeneity and plasticity as elusive drivers for resistance to MAPK pathway inhibition in melanoma. Oncogene 2015;34:2951-7.
    • (2015) Oncogene , vol.34 , pp. 2951-2957
    • Roesch, A.1
  • 30
    • 84873907015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibiting EGF receptor or SRC family kinase signaling overcomes BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma
    • Girotti MR, Pedersen M, Sanchez-Laorden B, et al. Inhibiting EGF receptor or SRC family kinase signaling overcomes BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma. Cancer Discov 2013;3:158-67.
    • (2013) Cancer Discov , vol.3 , pp. 158-167
    • Girotti, M.R.1    Pedersen, M.2    Sanchez-Laorden, B.3
  • 31
    • 78650309875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • COT drives resistance to RAF inhibition through MAP kinase pathway reactivation
    • Johannessen CM, Boehm JS, Kim SY, et al. COT drives resistance to RAF inhibition through MAP kinase pathway reactivation. Nature 2010;468:968-72.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.468 , pp. 968-972
    • Johannessen, C.M.1    Boehm, J.S.2    Kim, S.Y.3
  • 32
    • 78650303507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanomas acquire resistance to B-RAF(V600E) inhibition by RTK or N-RAS upregulation
    • Nazarian R, Shi H, Wang Q, et al. Melanomas acquire resistance to B-RAF(V600E) inhibition by RTK or N-RAS upregulation. Nature 2010;468:973-7.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.468 , pp. 973-977
    • Nazarian, R.1    Shi, H.2    Wang, Q.3
  • 33
    • 84859183431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanoma whole-exome sequencing identifies (V600E)B-RAF amplification-mediated acquired B-RAF inhibitor resistance
    • Shi H, Moriceau G, Kong X, et al. Melanoma whole-exome sequencing identifies (V600E)B-RAF amplification-mediated acquired B-RAF inhibitor resistance. Nat Commun 2012;3:724.
    • (2012) Nat Commun , vol.3 , pp. 724
    • Shi, H.1    Moriceau, G.2    Kong, X.3
  • 34
    • 84864285794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumour micro-environment elicits innate resistance to RAF inhibitors through HGF secretion
    • Straussman R, Morikawa T, Shee K, et al. Tumour micro-environment elicits innate resistance to RAF inhibitors through HGF secretion. Nature 2012;487:500-4.
    • (2012) Nature , vol.487 , pp. 500-504
    • Straussman, R.1    Morikawa, T.2    Shee, K.3
  • 35
    • 84855460594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of MET and SRC activation in melanoma cell lines showing primary resistance to PLX4032
    • Vergani E, Vallacchi V, Frigerio S, et al. Identification of MET and SRC activation in melanoma cell lines showing primary resistance to PLX4032. Neoplasia 2011;13:1132-42.
    • (2011) Neoplasia , vol.13 , pp. 1132-1142
    • Vergani, E.1    Vallacchi, V.2    Frigerio, S.3
  • 36
    • 78650008177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors mediated by a RAF kinase switch in melanoma can be overcome by cotargeting MEK and IGF-1R/PI3K
    • Villanueva J, Vultur A, Lee JT, et al. Acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors mediated by a RAF kinase switch in melanoma can be overcome by cotargeting MEK and IGF-1R/PI3K. Cancer Cell 2010;18:683-95.
    • (2010) Cancer Cell , vol.18 , pp. 683-695
    • Villanueva, J.1    Vultur, A.2    Lee, J.T.3
  • 37
    • 73949083834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MEK1 mutations confer resistance to MEK and B-RAF inhibition
    • Emery CM, Vijayendran KG, Zipser MC, et al. MEK1 mutations confer resistance to MEK and B-RAF inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009;106:20411-6.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.106 , pp. 20411-20416
    • Emery, C.M.1    Vijayendran, K.G.2    Zipser, M.C.3
  • 38
    • 84875717480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-scale RNA interference screen implicates NF1 loss in resistance to RAF inhibition
    • Whittaker SR, Theurillat JP, Van Allen E, et al. A genome-scale RNA interference screen implicates NF1 loss in resistance to RAF inhibition. Cancer Discov 2013;3:350-62.
    • (2013) Cancer Discov , vol.3 , pp. 350-362
    • Whittaker, S.R.1    Theurillat, J.P.2    Van Allen, E.3
  • 39
    • 84903159476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting RAF kinases for cancer therapy: BRAF-mutated melanoma and beyond
    • Holderfield M, Deuker MM, McCormick F, et al. Targeting RAF kinases for cancer therapy: BRAF-mutated melanoma and beyond. Nat Rev Cancer 2014;14:455-67.
    • (2014) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.14 , pp. 455-467
    • Holderfield, M.1    Deuker, M.M.2    McCormick, F.3
  • 40
    • 77949732073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RAF inhibitors transactivate RAF dimers and ERK signalling in cells with wild-type BRAF
    • Poulikakos PI, Zhang C, Bollag G, et al. RAF inhibitors transactivate RAF dimers and ERK signalling in cells with wild-type BRAF. Nature 2010;464:427-30.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.464 , pp. 427-430
    • Poulikakos, P.I.1    Zhang, C.2    Bollag, G.3
  • 41
    • 49649118852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated CRAF as a potential mechanism of acquired resistance to BRAF inhibition in melanoma
    • Montagut C, Sharma SV, Shioda T, et al. Elevated CRAF as a potential mechanism of acquired resistance to BRAF inhibition in melanoma. Cancer Res 2008;68:4853-61.
    • (2008) Cancer Res , vol.68 , pp. 4853-4861
    • Montagut, C.1    Sharma, S.V.2    Shioda, T.3
  • 42
    • 84908257665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition versus BRAF inhibition alone in melanoma
    • Long GV, Stroyakovskiy D, Gogas H, et al. Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition versus BRAF inhibition alone in melanoma. N Engl J Med 2014;371:1877-88.
    • (2014) N Engl J Med , vol.371 , pp. 1877-1888
    • Long, G.V.1    Stroyakovskiy, D.2    Gogas, H.3
  • 43
    • 84869089878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BH3-only protein silencing contributes to acquired resistance to PLX4720 in human melanoma
    • Shao Y, Aplin AE. BH3-only protein silencing contributes to acquired resistance to PLX4720 in human melanoma. Cell Death Differ 2012;19:2029-39.
    • (2012) Cell Death Differ , vol.19 , pp. 2029-2039
    • Shao, Y.1    Aplin, A.E.2
  • 44
    • 80051625929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissecting therapeutic resistance to RAF inhibition in melanoma by tumor genomic profiling
    • Wagle N, Emery C, Berger MF, et al. Dissecting therapeutic resistance to RAF inhibition in melanoma by tumor genomic profiling. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:3085-96.
    • (2011) J Clin Oncol , vol.29 , pp. 3085-3096
    • Wagle, N.1    Emery, C.2    Berger, M.F.3
  • 45
    • 84898738821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF inhibitor resistance mechanisms in metastatic melanoma: spectrum and clinical impact
    • Rizos H, Menzies AM, Pupo GM, et al. BRAF inhibitor resistance mechanisms in metastatic melanoma: spectrum and clinical impact. Clin Cancer Res 2014;20:1965-77.
    • (2014) Clin Cancer Res , vol.20 , pp. 1965-1977
    • Rizos, H.1    Menzies, A.M.2    Pupo, G.M.3
  • 46
    • 84891894051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetic landscape of clinical resistance to RAF inhibition in metastatic melanoma
    • Van Allen EM, Wagle N, Sucker A, et al. The genetic landscape of clinical resistance to RAF inhibition in metastatic melanoma. Cancer Discov 2014;4:94-109.
    • (2014) Cancer Discov , vol.4 , pp. 94-109
    • Van Allen, E.M.1    Wagle, N.2    Sucker, A.3
  • 47
    • 84920670424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preexisting MEK1P124 mutations diminish response to BRAF inhibitors in metastatic melanoma patients
    • Carlino MS, Fung C, Shahheydari H, et al. Preexisting MEK1P124 mutations diminish response to BRAF inhibitors in metastatic melanoma patients. Clin Cancer Res 2015;21:98-105.
    • (2015) Clin Cancer Res , vol.21 , pp. 98-105
    • Carlino, M.S.1    Fung, C.2    Shahheydari, H.3
  • 48
    • 84864258996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A landscape of driver mutations in melanoma
    • Hodis E, Watson IR, Kryukov GV, et al. A landscape of driver mutations in melanoma. Cell 2012;150:251-63.
    • (2012) Cell , vol.150 , pp. 251-263
    • Hodis, E.1    Watson, I.R.2    Kryukov, G.V.3
  • 49
    • 0348223934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NRAS and BRAF mutations arise early during melanoma pathogenesis and are preserved throughout tumor progression
    • Omholt K, Platz A, Kanter L, et al. NRAS and BRAF mutations arise early during melanoma pathogenesis and are preserved throughout tumor progression. Clin Cancer Res 2003;9:6483-8.
    • (2003) Clin Cancer Res , vol.9 , pp. 6483-6488
    • Omholt, K.1    Platz, A.2    Kanter, L.3
  • 50
    • 84876037369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elucidating distinct roles for NF1 in melanomagenesis
    • Maertens O, Johnson B, Hollstein P, et al. Elucidating distinct roles for NF1 in melanomagenesis. Cancer Discov 2013;3:338-49.
    • (2013) Cancer Discov , vol.3 , pp. 338-349
    • Maertens, O.1    Johnson, B.2    Hollstein, P.3
  • 51
    • 72049114938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between MC1R genotype and BRAF mutation status in cutaneous melanoma: findings from an Australian population
    • Hacker E, Hayward NK, Dumenil T, et al. The association between MC1R genotype and BRAF mutation status in cutaneous melanoma: findings from an Australian population. J Invest Dermatol 2010;130:241-8.
    • (2010) J Invest Dermatol , vol.130 , pp. 241-248
    • Hacker, E.1    Hayward, N.K.2    Dumenil, T.3
  • 52
    • 79251474400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical correlates of NRAS and BRAF mutations in primary human melanoma
    • Ellerhorst JA, Greene VR, Ekmekcioglu S, et al. Clinical correlates of NRAS and BRAF mutations in primary human melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2011;17:229-35.
    • (2011) Clin Cancer Res , vol.17 , pp. 229-235
    • Ellerhorst, J.A.1    Greene, V.R.2    Ekmekcioglu, S.3
  • 53
    • 33845592531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NRAS and BRAF mutations in melanoma tumours in relation to clinical characteristics: a study based on mutation screening by pyrosequencing
    • Edlundh-Rose E, Egyhazi S, Omholt K, et al. NRAS and BRAF mutations in melanoma tumours in relation to clinical characteristics: a study based on mutation screening by pyrosequencing. Melanoma Res 2006;16:471-8.
    • (2006) Melanoma Res , vol.16 , pp. 471-478
    • Edlundh-Rose, E.1    Egyhazi, S.2    Omholt, K.3
  • 54
    • 84987811392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ASsociation between nras and braf mutational status and melanoma-specific survival among patients with higher-risk primary melanoma
    • Thomas NE, Edmiston SN, Alexander A, et al. ASsociation between nras and braf mutational status and melanoma-specific survival among patients with higher-risk primary melanoma. JAMA Oncol 2015;1:359-68.
    • (2015) JAMA Oncol , vol.1 , pp. 359-368
    • Thomas, N.E.1    Edmiston, S.N.2    Alexander, A.3
  • 55
    • 84860214530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From genes to drugs: targeted strategies for melanoma
    • Flaherty KT, Hodi FS, Fisher DE. From genes to drugs: targeted strategies for melanoma. Nat Rev Cancer 2012;12:349-61.
    • (2012) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.12 , pp. 349-361
    • Flaherty, K.T.1    Hodi, F.S.2    Fisher, D.E.3
  • 56
    • 0021258276 scopus 로고
    • Transforming ras genes from human melanoma: a manifestation of tumour heterogeneity?
    • Albino AP, Le Strange R, Oliff AI, et al. Transforming ras genes from human melanoma: a manifestation of tumour heterogeneity? Nature 1984;308:69-72.
    • (1984) Nature , vol.308 , pp. 69-72
    • Albino, A.P.1    Le Strange, R.2    Oliff, A.I.3
  • 57
    • 0021990041 scopus 로고
    • Activation of N-ras in a human melanoma cell line
    • Padua RA, Barrass NC, Currie GA. Activation of N-ras in a human melanoma cell line. Mol Cell Biol 1985;5:582-5.
    • (1985) Mol Cell Biol , vol.5 , pp. 582-585
    • Padua, R.A.1    Barrass, N.C.2    Currie, G.A.3
  • 58
    • 24944582633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GAPs in growth factor signalling
    • Bernards A, Settleman J. GAPs in growth factor signalling. Growth factors 2005;23:143-9.
    • (2005) Growth factors , vol.23 , pp. 143-149
    • Bernards, A.1    Settleman, J.2
  • 59
    • 17444408968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein farnesylation: implications for normal physiology, malignant transformation, and cancer therapy
    • Sebti SM. Protein farnesylation: implications for normal physiology, malignant transformation, and cancer therapy. Cancer Cell 2005;7:297-300.
    • (2005) Cancer Cell , vol.7 , pp. 297-300
    • Sebti, S.M.1
  • 60
    • 84872396402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II study of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor R115777 in advanced melanoma (CALGB 500104)
    • Gajewski TF, Salama AK, Niedzwiecki D, et al. Phase II study of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor R115777 in advanced melanoma (CALGB 500104). J Transl Med 2012;10:246.
    • (2012) J Transl Med , vol.10 , pp. 246
    • Gajewski, T.F.1    Salama, A.K.2    Niedzwiecki, D.3
  • 61
    • 84870289371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oncogenic NRAS signaling differentially regulates survival and proliferation in melanoma
    • Kwong LN, Costello JC, Liu H, et al. Oncogenic NRAS signaling differentially regulates survival and proliferation in melanoma. Nat Med 2012;18:1503-10.
    • (2012) Nat Med , vol.18 , pp. 1503-1510
    • Kwong, L.N.1    Costello, J.C.2    Liu, H.3
  • 62
    • 84912110744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase 1b/2 study of LEE011 in combination with binimetinib (MEK162) in patients with NRAS-mutant melanoma: Early encouraging clinical activity
    • Sosman JA, Kittaneh M, Lolkema MPJK, et al. A phase 1b/2 study of LEE011 in combination with binimetinib (MEK162) in patients with NRAS-mutant melanoma: Early encouraging clinical activity. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:abstr 9009.
    • (2014) J Clin Oncol , vol.32
    • Sosman, J.A.1    Kittaneh, M.2    Lolkema, M.P.J.K.3
  • 63
    • 84864286442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Widespread potential for growth-factor-driven resistance to anticancer kinase inhibitors
    • Wilson TR, Fridlyand J, Yan Y, et al. Widespread potential for growth-factor-driven resistance to anticancer kinase inhibitors. Nature 2012;487:505-9.
    • (2012) Nature , vol.487 , pp. 505-509
    • Wilson, T.R.1    Fridlyand, J.2    Yan, Y.3
  • 64
    • 79953325104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PTEN loss confers BRAF inhibitor resistance to melanoma cells through the suppression of BIM expression
    • Paraiso KH, Xiang Y, Rebecca VW, et al. PTEN loss confers BRAF inhibitor resistance to melanoma cells through the suppression of BIM expression. Cancer Res 2011;71:2750-60.
    • (2011) Cancer Res , vol.71 , pp. 2750-2760
    • Paraiso, K.H.1    Xiang, Y.2    Rebecca, V.W.3
  • 65
    • 84875019584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BCL2A1 is a lineage-specific antiapoptotic melanoma oncogene that confers resistance to BRAF inhibition
    • Haq R, Yokoyama S, Hawryluk EB, et al. BCL2A1 is a lineage-specific antiapoptotic melanoma oncogene that confers resistance to BRAF inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013;110:4321-6.
    • (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.110 , pp. 4321-4326
    • Haq, R.1    Yokoyama, S.2    Hawryluk, E.B.3
  • 66
    • 84881036572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of PI(4,5)P2 5-Phosphatase A Contributes to Resistance of Human Melanoma Cells to RAF/MEK Inhibitors
    • Ye Y, Li Q, Hu WL, et al. Loss of PI(4,5)P2 5-Phosphatase A Contributes to Resistance of Human Melanoma Cells to RAF/MEK Inhibitors. Transl Oncol 2013;6:470-81.
    • (2013) Transl Oncol , vol.6 , pp. 470-481
    • Ye, Y.1    Li, Q.2    Hu, W.L.3
  • 67
    • 77955757007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt3-mediated resistance to apoptosis in B-RAF-targeted melanoma cells
    • Shao Y, Aplin AE. Akt3-mediated resistance to apoptosis in B-RAF-targeted melanoma cells. Cancer Res 2010;70:6670-81.
    • (2010) Cancer Res , vol.70 , pp. 6670-6681
    • Shao, Y.1    Aplin, A.E.2
  • 68
    • 43749085552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IGF1 promotes resistance to apoptosis in melanoma cells through an increased expression of BCL2, BCL-X(L), and survivin
    • Hilmi C, Larribere L, Giuliano S, et al. IGF1 promotes resistance to apoptosis in melanoma cells through an increased expression of BCL2, BCL-X(L), and survivin. J Invest Dermatol 2008;128:1499-505.
    • (2008) J Invest Dermatol , vol.128 , pp. 1499-1505
    • Hilmi, C.1    Larribere, L.2    Giuliano, S.3
  • 69
    • 0030777104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of the MMAC1/PTEN gene by deletion or mutation is a frequent event in malignant melanoma
    • Guldberg P, Thor Straten P, Birck A, et al. Disruption of the MMAC1/PTEN gene by deletion or mutation is a frequent event in malignant melanoma. Cancer Res 1997;57:3660-3.
    • (1997) Cancer Res , vol.57 , pp. 3660-3663
    • Guldberg, P.1    Thor Straten, P.2    Birck, A.3
  • 70
    • 33746114249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic silencing of the PTEN gene in melanoma
    • Mirmohammadsadegh A, Marini A, Nambiar S, et al. Epigenetic silencing of the PTEN gene in melanoma. Cancer Res 2006;66:6546-52
    • (2006) Cancer Res , vol.66 , pp. 6546-6552
    • Mirmohammadsadegh, A.1    Marini, A.2    Nambiar, S.3
  • 71
    • 0033819340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic PTEN silencing in malignant melanomas without PTEN mutation
    • Zhou XP, Gimm O, Hampel H, et al. Epigenetic PTEN silencing in malignant melanomas without PTEN mutation. Am J Pathol 2000;157:1123-8.
    • (2000) Am J Pathol , vol.157 , pp. 1123-1128
    • Zhou, X.P.1    Gimm, O.2    Hampel, H.3
  • 72
    • 4043055279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF alterations are associated with complex mutational profiles in malignant melanoma
    • Daniotti M, Oggionni M, Ranzani T, et al. BRAF alterations are associated with complex mutational profiles in malignant melanoma. Oncogene 2004;23:5968-77.
    • (2004) Oncogene , vol.23 , pp. 5968-5977
    • Daniotti, M.1    Oggionni, M.2    Ranzani, T.3
  • 73
    • 38849166096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling genomic diversity and tumor dependency in malignant melanoma
    • Lin WM, Baker AC, Beroukhim R, et al. Modeling genomic diversity and tumor dependency in malignant melanoma. Cancer Res 2008;68:664-73.
    • (2008) Cancer Res , vol.68 , pp. 664-673
    • Lin, W.M.1    Baker, A.C.2    Beroukhim, R.3
  • 74
    • 84861163796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abrogation of BRAFV600E-induced senescence by PI3K pathway activation contributes to melanomagenesis
    • Vredeveld LC, Possik PA, Smit MA, et al. Abrogation of BRAFV600E-induced senescence by PI3K pathway activation contributes to melanomagenesis. Genes Dev 2012;26:1055-69.
    • (2012) Genes Dev , vol.26 , pp. 1055-1069
    • Vredeveld, L.C.1    Possik, P.A.2    Smit, M.A.3
  • 75
    • 0038100185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of ERas in promoting tumour-like properties in mouse embryonic stem cells
    • Takahashi K, Mitsui K, Yamanaka S. Role of ERas in promoting tumour-like properties in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nature 2003;423:541-5.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.423 , pp. 541-545
    • Takahashi, K.1    Mitsui, K.2    Yamanaka, S.3
  • 76
    • 84922616437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF inhibitor resistance mediated by the AKT pathway in an oncogenic BRAF mouse melanoma model
    • Perna D, Karreth FA, Rust AG, et al. BRAF inhibitor resistance mediated by the AKT pathway in an oncogenic BRAF mouse melanoma model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015;112:E536-45.
    • (2015) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.112 , pp. E536-E545
    • Perna, D.1    Karreth, F.A.2    Rust, A.G.3
  • 77
    • 0030702123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt phosphorylation of BAD couples survival signals to the cell-intrinsic death machinery
    • Datta SR, Dudek H, Tao X, et al. Akt phosphorylation of BAD couples survival signals to the cell-intrinsic death machinery. Cell 1997;91:231-41.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.91 , pp. 231-241
    • Datta, S.R.1    Dudek, H.2    Tao, X.3
  • 78
    • 0032698075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell survival promoted by the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway by transcription-dependent and-independent mechanisms
    • Bonni A, Brunet A, West AE, et al. Cell survival promoted by the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway by transcription-dependent and-independent mechanisms. Science 1999;286:1358-62.
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 1358-1362
    • Bonni, A.1    Brunet, A.2    West, A.E.3
  • 79
    • 0033581927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of BAD phosphorylation at serine 112 by the Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway
    • Fang X, Yu S, Eder A, et al. Regulation of BAD phosphorylation at serine 112 by the Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Oncogene 1999;18:6635-40.
    • (1999) Oncogene , vol.18 , pp. 6635-6640
    • Fang, X.1    Yu, S.2    Eder, A.3
  • 80
    • 26644449670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The BAD protein integrates survival signaling by EGFR/MAPK and PI3K/Akt kinase pathways in PTEN-deficient tumor cells
    • She QB, Solit DB, Ye Q, et al. The BAD protein integrates survival signaling by EGFR/MAPK and PI3K/Akt kinase pathways in PTEN-deficient tumor cells. Cancer Cell 2005;8:287-97.
    • (2005) Cancer Cell , vol.8 , pp. 287-297
    • She, Q.B.1    Solit, D.B.2    Ye, Q.3
  • 81
    • 4644230829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HGF protects corneal epithelial cells from apoptosis by the PI-3K/Akt-1/Bad-but not the ERK1/2-mediated signaling pathway
    • Kakazu A, Chandrasekher G, Bazan HE. HGF protects corneal epithelial cells from apoptosis by the PI-3K/Akt-1/Bad-but not the ERK1/2-mediated signaling pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004;45:3485-92.
    • (2004) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.45 , pp. 3485-3492
    • Kakazu, A.1    Chandrasekher, G.2    Bazan, H.E.3
  • 82
    • 55849139095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of B-RAF mutant human tumor cells with a MEK inhibitor requires Bim and is enhanced by a BH3 mimetic
    • Cragg MS, Jansen ES, Cook M, et al. Treatment of B-RAF mutant human tumor cells with a MEK inhibitor requires Bim and is enhanced by a BH3 mimetic. J Clin Invest 2008;118:3651-9.
    • (2008) J Clin Invest , vol.118 , pp. 3651-3659
    • Cragg, M.S.1    Jansen, E.S.2    Cook, M.3
  • 83
    • 84874080871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The BH3 mimetic ABT-263 synergizes with the MEK1/2 inhibitor selumetinib/AZD6244 to promote BIM-dependent tumour cell death and inhibit acquired resistance
    • Sale MJ, Cook SJ. The BH3 mimetic ABT-263 synergizes with the MEK1/2 inhibitor selumetinib/AZD6244 to promote BIM-dependent tumour cell death and inhibit acquired resistance. Biochem J 2013;450:285-94.
    • (2013) Biochem J , vol.450 , pp. 285-294
    • Sale, M.J.1    Cook, S.J.2
  • 84
    • 2342565881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in protein kinase B signalling: AKTion on multiple fronts
    • Brazil DP, Yang ZZ, Hemmings BA. Advances in protein kinase B signalling: AKTion on multiple fronts. Trends Biochem Sci 2004;29:233-42.
    • (2004) Trends Biochem Sci , vol.29 , pp. 233-242
    • Brazil, D.P.1    Yang, Z.Z.2    Hemmings, B.A.3
  • 85
    • 4944249733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deregulated Akt3 activity promotes development of malignant melanoma
    • Stahl JM, Sharma A, Cheung M, et al. Deregulated Akt3 activity promotes development of malignant melanoma. Cancer Res 2004;64:7002-10.
    • (2004) Cancer Res , vol.64 , pp. 7002-7010
    • Stahl, J.M.1    Sharma, A.2    Cheung, M.3
  • 86
    • 0037855834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a proline-rich Akt substrate as a 14-3-3 binding partner
    • Kovacina KS, Park GY, Bae SS, et al. Identification of a proline-rich Akt substrate as a 14-3-3 binding partner. J Biol Chem 2003;278:10189-94.
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , pp. 10189-10194
    • Kovacina, K.S.1    Park, G.Y.2    Bae, S.S.3
  • 87
  • 89
    • 78650529080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second AKT: the rise of SGK in cancer signalling
    • Bruhn MA, Pearson RB, Hannan RD, et al. Second AKT: the rise of SGK in cancer signalling. Growth Factors 2010;28:394-408.
    • (2010) Growth Factors , vol.28 , pp. 394-408
    • Bruhn, M.A.1    Pearson, R.B.2    Hannan, R.D.3
  • 90
    • 84942856785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PDK1 and SGK3 Contribute to the Growth of BRAF-Mutant Melanomas and Are Potential Therapeutic Targets
    • Scortegagna M, Lau E, Zhang T, et al. PDK1 and SGK3 Contribute to the Growth of BRAF-Mutant Melanomas and Are Potential Therapeutic Targets. Cancer Res 2015;75:1399-412.
    • (2015) Cancer Res , vol.75 , pp. 1399-1412
    • Scortegagna, M.1    Lau, E.2    Zhang, T.3
  • 91
    • 84907216956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • eIF4F is a nexus of resistance to anti-BRAF and anti-MEK cancer therapies
    • Boussemart L, Malka-Mahieu H, Girault I, et al. eIF4F is a nexus of resistance to anti-BRAF and anti-MEK cancer therapies. Nature 2014;513:105-9.
    • (2014) Nature , vol.513 , pp. 105-109
    • Boussemart, L.1    Malka-Mahieu, H.2    Girault, I.3
  • 92
    • 84903740769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical profiling of BCL-2 family members in the setting of BRAF inhibition offers a rationale for targeting de novo resistance using BH3 mimetics
    • Frederick DT, Salas Fragomeni RA, Schalck A, et al. Clinical profiling of BCL-2 family members in the setting of BRAF inhibition offers a rationale for targeting de novo resistance using BH3 mimetics. PloS One 2014;9:e101286.
    • (2014) PloS One , vol.9
    • Frederick, D.T.1    Salas Fragomeni, R.A.2    Schalck, A.3
  • 93
    • 84883644630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TORC1 suppression predicts responsiveness to RAF and MEK inhibition in BRAF-mutant melanoma
    • Corcoran RB, Rothenberg SM, Hata AN, et al. TORC1 suppression predicts responsiveness to RAF and MEK inhibition in BRAF-mutant melanoma. Sci Transl Med 2013;5:196ra98.
    • (2013) Sci Transl Med , vol.5
    • Corcoran, R.B.1    Rothenberg, S.M.2    Hata, A.N.3
  • 95
    • 84869067183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relief of Profound Feedback Inhibition of Mitogenic Signaling by RAF Inhibitors Attenuates Their Activity in BRAFV600E Melanomas
    • Lito P, Pratilas CA, Joseph EW, et al. Relief of Profound Feedback Inhibition of Mitogenic Signaling by RAF Inhibitors Attenuates Their Activity in BRAFV600E Melanomas. Cancer Cell 2012;22:668-82.
    • (2012) Cancer Cell , vol.22 , pp. 668-682
    • Lito, P.1    Pratilas, C.A.2    Joseph, E.W.3
  • 96
    • 84897531613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversible and adaptive resistance to BRAF(V600E) inhibition in melanoma
    • Sun C, Wang L, Huang S, et al. Reversible and adaptive resistance to BRAF(V600E) inhibition in melanoma. Nature 2014;508:118-22.
    • (2014) Nature , vol.508 , pp. 118-122
    • Sun, C.1    Wang, L.2    Huang, S.3
  • 97
    • 77953276524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery of phospho-ERK activity allows melanoma cells to escape from BRAF inhibitor therapy
    • Paraiso KH, Fedorenko IV, Cantini LP, et al. Recovery of phospho-ERK activity allows melanoma cells to escape from BRAF inhibitor therapy. Br J Cancer 2010;102:1724-30.
    • (2010) Br J Cancer , vol.102 , pp. 1724-1730
    • Paraiso, K.H.1    Fedorenko, I.V.2    Cantini, L.P.3
  • 98
    • 84877124454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanoma adapts to RAF/MEK inhibitors through FOXD3-mediated upregulation of ERBB3
    • Abel EV, Basile KJ, Kugel CH, et al. Melanoma adapts to RAF/MEK inhibitors through FOXD3-mediated upregulation of ERBB3. J Clin Invest 2013;123:2155-68.
    • (2013) J Clin Invest , vol.123 , pp. 2155-2168
    • Abel, E.V.1    Basile, K.J.2    Kugel, C.H.3
  • 99
    • 84905472299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Function-blocking ERBB3 antibody inhibits the adaptive response to RAF inhibitor
    • Kugel CH 3rd, Hartsough EJ, Davies MA, et al. Function-blocking ERBB3 antibody inhibits the adaptive response to RAF inhibitor. Cancer Res 2014;74:4122-32.
    • (2014) Cancer Res , vol.74 , pp. 4122-4132
    • Kugel, C.H.1    Hartsough, E.J.2    Davies, M.A.3
  • 100
    • 84862778070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role and therapeutic potential of PI3K-mTOR signaling in de novo resistance to BRAF inhibition
    • Deng W, Gopal YN, Scott A, et al. Role and therapeutic potential of PI3K-mTOR signaling in de novo resistance to BRAF inhibition. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012;25:248-58.
    • (2012) Pigment Cell Melanoma Res , vol.25 , pp. 248-258
    • Deng, W.1    Gopal, Y.N.2    Scott, A.3
  • 101
    • 84856890066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance patterns with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in melanoma: new insights
    • Dummer R, Flaherty KT. Resistance patterns with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in melanoma: new insights. Curr Opin Oncol 2012;24:150-4.
    • (2012) Curr Opin Oncol , vol.24 , pp. 150-154
    • Dummer, R.1    Flaherty, K.T.2
  • 102
    • 77950809059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A chromatin-mediated reversible drug-tolerant state in cancer cell subpopulations
    • Sharma SV, Lee DY, Li B, et al. A chromatin-mediated reversible drug-tolerant state in cancer cell subpopulations. Cell 2010;141:69-80.
    • (2010) Cell , vol.141 , pp. 69-80
    • Sharma, S.V.1    Lee, D.Y.2    Li, B.3
  • 103
    • 84878959237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overcoming intrinsic multidrug resistance in melanoma by blocking the mitochondrial respiratory chain of slow-cycling JARID1B(high) cells
    • Roesch A, Vultur A, Bogeski I, et al. Overcoming intrinsic multidrug resistance in melanoma by blocking the mitochondrial respiratory chain of slow-cycling JARID1B(high) cells. Cancer Cell 2013;23:811-25.
    • (2013) Cancer Cell , vol.23 , pp. 811-825
    • Roesch, A.1    Vultur, A.2    Bogeski, I.3
  • 104
    • 84887296747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenformin enhances the therapeutic benefit of BRAF(V600E) inhibition in melanoma
    • Yuan P, Ito K, Perez-Lorenzo R, et al. Phenformin enhances the therapeutic benefit of BRAF(V600E) inhibition in melanoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013;110:18226-31.
    • (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.110 , pp. 18226-18231
    • Yuan, P.1    Ito, K.2    Perez-Lorenzo, R.3
  • 105
    • 84938588282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic Rewiring by Oncogenic BRAF V600E Links Ketogenesis Pathway to BRAF-MEK1 Signaling
    • Kang HB, Fan J, Lin R, et al. Metabolic Rewiring by Oncogenic BRAF V600E Links Ketogenesis Pathway to BRAF-MEK1 Signaling. Mol Cell 2015;59:345-58.
    • (2015) Mol Cell , vol.59 , pp. 345-358
    • Kang, H.B.1    Fan, J.2    Lin, R.3
  • 106
    • 84920410689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ran signaling in melanoma: implications for the development of alternative therapeutic strategies
    • Caputo E, Wang E, Valentino A, et al. Ran signaling in melanoma: implications for the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. Cancer Lett 2015;357:286-96.
    • (2015) Cancer Lett , vol.357 , pp. 286-296
    • Caputo, E.1    Wang, E.2    Valentino, A.3
  • 107
    • 51649095569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Aurora kinase family in cell division and cancer
    • Vader G, Lens SM. The Aurora kinase family in cell division and cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta 2008;1786:60-72.
    • (2008) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1786 , pp. 60-72
    • Vader, G.1    Lens, S.M.2
  • 108
    • 33748991178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aurora kinase A messenger RNA overexpression is correlated with tumor progression and shortened survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
    • Reiter R, Gais P, Jütting U, et al. Aurora kinase A messenger RNA overexpression is correlated with tumor progression and shortened survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2006;12:5136-41.
    • (2006) Clin Cancer Res , vol.12 , pp. 5136-5141
    • Reiter, R.1    Gais, P.2    Jütting, U.3
  • 109
    • 51649095478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of Aurora A (but not Aurora B) is predictive of survival in breast cancer
    • Nadler Y, Camp RL, Schwartz C, et al. Expression of Aurora A (but not Aurora B) is predictive of survival in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:4455-62.
    • (2008) Clin Cancer Res , vol.14 , pp. 4455-4462
    • Nadler, Y.1    Camp, R.L.2    Schwartz, C.3
  • 110
    • 79958066836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KIT as a therapeutic target in metastatic melanoma
    • Carvajal RD, Antonescu CR, Wolchok JD, et al. KIT as a therapeutic target in metastatic melanoma. JAMA 2011;305:2327-34.
    • (2011) JAMA , vol.305 , pp. 2327-2334
    • Carvajal, R.D.1    Antonescu, C.R.2    Wolchok, J.D.3
  • 111
    • 59449085455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imatinib targeting of KIT-mutant oncoprotein in melanoma
    • Jiang X, Zhou J, Yuen NK, et al. Imatinib targeting of KIT-mutant oncoprotein in melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:7726-32.
    • (2008) Clin Cancer Res , vol.14 , pp. 7726-7732
    • Jiang, X.1    Zhou, J.2    Yuen, N.K.3
  • 112
    • 58149260596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KIT gene mutations and copy number in melanoma subtypes
    • Beadling C, Jacobson-Dunlop E, Hodi FS, et al. KIT gene mutations and copy number in melanoma subtypes. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:6821-8.
    • (2008) Clin Cancer Res , vol.14 , pp. 6821-6828
    • Beadling, C.1    Jacobson-Dunlop, E.2    Hodi, F.S.3
  • 113
    • 79960708519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II, open-label, single-arm trial of imatinib mesylate in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring c-Kit mutation or amplification
    • Guo J, Si L, Kong Y, et al. Phase II, open-label, single-arm trial of imatinib mesylate in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring c-Kit mutation or amplification. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:2904-9.
    • (2011) J Clin Oncol , vol.29 , pp. 2904-2909
    • Guo, J.1    Si, L.2    Kong, Y.3
  • 114
    • 84881512367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imatinib for melanomas harboring mutationally activated or amplified KIT arising on mucosal, acral, and chronically sun-damaged skin
    • Hodi FS, Corless CL, Giobbie-Hurder A, et al. Imatinib for melanomas harboring mutationally activated or amplified KIT arising on mucosal, acral, and chronically sun-damaged skin. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:3182-90.
    • (2013) J Clin Oncol , vol.31 , pp. 3182-3190
    • Hodi, F.S.1    Corless, C.L.2    Giobbie-Hurder, A.3
  • 115
    • 42949128595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major response to imatinib mesylate in KIT-mutated melanoma
    • Hodi FS, Friedlander P, Corless CL, et al. Major response to imatinib mesylate in KIT-mutated melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:2046-51.
    • (2008) J Clin Oncol , vol.26 , pp. 2046-2051
    • Hodi, F.S.1    Friedlander, P.2    Corless, C.L.3
  • 116
    • 47249099056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-dependent, complete response to imatinib of a metastatic mucosal melanoma with a K642E KIT mutation
    • Lutzky J, Bauer J, Bastian BC. Dose-dependent, complete response to imatinib of a metastatic mucosal melanoma with a K642E KIT mutation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2008;21:492-3.
    • (2008) Pigment Cell Melanoma Res , vol.21 , pp. 492-493
    • Lutzky, J.1    Bauer, J.2    Bastian, B.C.3
  • 117
    • 68849093078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of dasatinib against L576P KIT mutant melanoma: molecular, cellular, and clinical correlates
    • Woodman SE, Trent JC, Stemke-Hale K, et al. Activity of dasatinib against L576P KIT mutant melanoma: molecular, cellular, and clinical correlates. Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8:2079-85.
    • (2009) Mol Cancer Ther , vol.8 , pp. 2079-2085
    • Woodman, S.E.1    Trent, J.C.2    Stemke-Hale, K.3
  • 118
    • 57049109807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete response of stage IV anal mucosal melanoma expressing KIT Val560Asp to the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib
    • Quintás-Cardama A, Lazar AJ, Woodman SE, et al. Complete response of stage IV anal mucosal melanoma expressing KIT Val560Asp to the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2008;5:737-40.
    • (2008) Nat Clin Pract Oncol , vol.5 , pp. 737-740
    • Quintás-Cardama, A.1    Lazar, A.J.2    Woodman, S.E.3
  • 119
    • 84867867288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nilotinib in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring KIT gene aberration
    • Cho JH, Kim KM, Kwon M, Kim JH, Lee J. Nilotinib in patients with metastatic melanoma harboring KIT gene aberration. Invest New Drugs 2012;30:2008-14.
    • (2012) Invest New Drugs , vol.30 , pp. 2008-2014
    • Cho, J.H.1    Kim, K.M.2    Kwon, M.3    Kim, J.H.4    Lee, J.5
  • 120
    • 78650003580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The GIST paradigm: lessons for other kinase-driven cancers
    • Antonescu CR. The GIST paradigm: lessons for other kinase-driven cancers. J Pathol 2011;223:251-61.
    • (2011) J Pathol , vol.223 , pp. 251-261
    • Antonescu, C.R.1
  • 121
    • 84941992041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase II Study of Nilotinib in Melanoma Harboring KIT Alterations Following Progression to Prior KIT Inhibition
    • Carvajal RD, Lawrence DP, Weber JS, et al. Phase II Study of Nilotinib in Melanoma Harboring KIT Alterations Following Progression to Prior KIT Inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 2015;21:2289-96.
    • (2015) Clin Cancer Res , vol.21 , pp. 2289-2296
    • Carvajal, R.D.1    Lawrence, D.P.2    Weber, J.S.3
  • 122
    • 84857760658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sunitinib therapy for melanoma patients with KIT mutations
    • Minor DR, Kashani-Sabet M, Garrido M, et al. Sunitinib therapy for melanoma patients with KIT mutations. Clin Cancer Res 2012;18:1457-63.
    • (2012) Clin Cancer Res , vol.18 , pp. 1457-1463
    • Minor, D.R.1    Kashani-Sabet, M.2    Garrido, M.3
  • 123
    • 84863072006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major response to everolimus in melanoma with acquired imatinib resistance
    • Si L, Xu X, Kong Y, et al. Major response to everolimus in melanoma with acquired imatinib resistance. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:e37-40.
    • (2012) J Clin Oncol , vol.30 , pp. e37-e40
    • Si, L.1    Xu, X.2    Kong, Y.3
  • 125
    • 33749021085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic activation of KIT in distinct subtypes of melanoma
    • Curtin JA, Busam K, Pinkel D, et al. Somatic activation of KIT in distinct subtypes of melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:4340-6.
    • (2006) J Clin Oncol , vol.24 , pp. 4340-4346
    • Curtin, J.A.1    Busam, K.2    Pinkel, D.3
  • 126
    • 59049107421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequent somatic mutations of GNAQ in uveal melanoma and blue naevi
    • Van Raamsdonk CD, Bezrookove V, Green G, et al. Frequent somatic mutations of GNAQ in uveal melanoma and blue naevi. Nature 2009;457:599-602.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.457 , pp. 599-602
    • Van Raamsdonk, C.D.1    Bezrookove, V.2    Green, G.3
  • 128
    • 0027741139 scopus 로고
    • Separate GTP binding and GTPase activating domains of a G alpha subunit
    • Markby DW, Onrust R, Bourne HR. Separate GTP binding and GTPase activating domains of a G alpha subunit. Science 1993;262:1895-901.
    • (1993) Science , vol.262 , pp. 1895-1901
    • Markby, D.W.1    Onrust, R.2    Bourne, H.R.3
  • 129
    • 0026725897 scopus 로고
    • Mutated alpha subunit of the Gq protein induces malignant transformation in NIH 3T3 cells
    • Kalinec G, Nazarali AJ, Hermouet S, et al. Mutated alpha subunit of the Gq protein induces malignant transformation in NIH 3T3 cells. Mol Cell Biol 1992;12:4687-93.
    • (1992) Mol Cell Biol , vol.12 , pp. 4687-4693
    • Kalinec, G.1    Nazarali, A.J.2    Hermouet, S.3
  • 130
    • 0032518262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MAP kinase links the transcription factor Microphthalmia to c-Kit signalling in melanocytes
    • Hemesath TJ, Price ER, Takemoto C, et al. MAP kinase links the transcription factor Microphthalmia to c-Kit signalling in melanocytes. Nature 1998;391:298-301.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.391 , pp. 298-301
    • Hemesath, T.J.1    Price, E.R.2    Takemoto, C.3
  • 131
    • 84908316203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined PKC and MEK inhibition in uveal melanoma with GNAQ and GNA11 mutations
    • Chen X, Wu Q, Tan L, et al. Combined PKC and MEK inhibition in uveal melanoma with GNAQ and GNA11 mutations. Oncogene 2014;33:4724-34.
    • (2014) Oncogene , vol.33 , pp. 4724-4734
    • Chen, X.1    Wu, Q.2    Tan, L.3
  • 132
    • 33747332544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malignant melanoma: genetics and therapeutics in the genomic era
    • Chin L, Garraway LA, Fisher DE. Malignant melanoma: genetics and therapeutics in the genomic era. Genes Dev 2006;20:2149-82.
    • (2006) Genes Dev , vol.20 , pp. 2149-2182
    • Chin, L.1    Garraway, L.A.2    Fisher, D.E.3
  • 133
    • 84923345635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low MITF/AXL ratio predicts early resistance to multiple targeted drugs in melanoma
    • Müller J, Krijgsman O, Tsoi J, et al. Low MITF/AXL ratio predicts early resistance to multiple targeted drugs in melanoma. Nat Commun 2014;5:5712.
    • (2014) Nat Commun , vol.5 , pp. 5712
    • Müller, J.1    Krijgsman, O.2    Tsoi, J.3
  • 134
    • 84904888606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic treatment for BRAF-mutant melanoma: where do we go next?
    • Menzies AM, Long GV. Systemic treatment for BRAF-mutant melanoma: where do we go next? Lancet Oncol 2014;15:e371-81.
    • (2014) Lancet Oncol , vol.15 , pp. e371-e381
    • Menzies, A.M.1    Long, G.V.2
  • 135
    • 0023093741 scopus 로고
    • Identification of specific cytolytic immune responses against autologous tumor in humans bearing malignant melanoma
    • Muul LM, Spiess PJ, Director EP, et al. Identification of specific cytolytic immune responses against autologous tumor in humans bearing malignant melanoma. J Immunol 1987;138:989-95.
    • (1987) J Immunol , vol.138 , pp. 989-995
    • Muul, L.M.1    Spiess, P.J.2    Director, E.P.3
  • 136
    • 84886698315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate and adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment
    • Gajewski TF, Schreiber H, Fu YX. Innate and adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Nat Immunol 2013;14:1014-22.
    • (2013) Nat Immunol , vol.14 , pp. 1014-1022
    • Gajewski, T.F.1    Schreiber, H.2    Fu, Y.X.3
  • 137
    • 77953033498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternatively activated macrophage possess antitumor cytotoxicity that is induced by IL-4 and mediated by arginase-1
    • Ellyard JI, Quah BJ, Simson L, et al. Alternatively activated macrophage possess antitumor cytotoxicity that is induced by IL-4 and mediated by arginase-1. J Immunother 2010;33:443-52.
    • (2010) J Immunother , vol.33 , pp. 443-452
    • Ellyard, J.I.1    Quah, B.J.2    Simson, L.3
  • 138
    • 0031709864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor-induced immune dysfunction: the macrophage connection
    • Elgert KD, Alleva DG, Mullins DW. Tumor-induced immune dysfunction: the macrophage connection. J Leukoc Biol 1998;64:275-90.
    • (1998) J Leukoc Biol , vol.64 , pp. 275-290
    • Elgert, K.D.1    Alleva, D.G.2    Mullins, D.W.3
  • 139
    • 84872559040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immunosuppressive tumour network: myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells and natural killer T cells
    • Lindau D, Gielen P, Kroesen M, et al. The immunosuppressive tumour network: myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells and natural killer T cells. Immunology 2013;138:105-15.
    • (2013) Immunology , vol.138 , pp. 105-115
    • Lindau, D.1    Gielen, P.2    Kroesen, M.3
  • 140
    • 84885761143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunological consequences of selective BRAF inhibitors in malignant melanoma: Neutralization of myeloid-derived suppressor cells
    • Schilling B, Paschen A. Immunological consequences of selective BRAF inhibitors in malignant melanoma: Neutralization of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Oncoimmunology 2013;2:e25218.
    • (2013) Oncoimmunology , vol.2
    • Schilling, B.1    Paschen, A.2
  • 141
    • 84861211150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human Langerhans cells are immature in melanoma sentinel lymph nodes
    • author reply 9-10
    • Gerlini G, Di Gennaro P, Mariotti G, et al. Human Langerhans cells are immature in melanoma sentinel lymph nodes. Blood 2012;119:4807-8; author reply 9-10.
    • (2012) Blood , vol.119 , pp. 4807-4808
    • Gerlini, G.1    Di Gennaro, P.2    Mariotti, G.3
  • 142
    • 35248847969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmacytoid dendritic cells represent a major dendritic cell subset in sentinel lymph nodes of melanoma patients and accumulate in metastatic nodes
    • Gerlini G, Urso C, Mariotti G, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells represent a major dendritic cell subset in sentinel lymph nodes of melanoma patients and accumulate in metastatic nodes. Clin Immunol 2007;125:184-93.
    • (2007) Clin Immunol , vol.125 , pp. 184-193
    • Gerlini, G.1    Urso, C.2    Mariotti, G.3
  • 143
    • 26844581032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural-killer cells and dendritic cells: "l'union fait la force"
    • Walzer T, Dalod M, Robbins SH, et al. Natural-killer cells and dendritic cells: "l'union fait la force". Blood 2005;106:2252-8.
    • (2005) Blood , vol.106 , pp. 2252-2258
    • Walzer, T.1    Dalod, M.2    Robbins, S.H.3
  • 144
    • 84893352557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of tumors by the innate immune system and natural killer cells
    • Marcus A, Gowen BG, Thompson TW, et al. Recognition of tumors by the innate immune system and natural killer cells. Adv Immunol 2014;122:91-128.
    • (2014) Adv Immunol , vol.122 , pp. 91-128
    • Marcus, A.1    Gowen, B.G.2    Thompson, T.W.3
  • 145
    • 84860150685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Densely granulated murine NK cells eradicate large solid tumors
    • Liu RB, Engels B, Arina A, et al. Densely granulated murine NK cells eradicate large solid tumors. Cancer Res 2012;72:1964-74.
    • (2012) Cancer Res , vol.72 , pp. 1964-1974
    • Liu, R.B.1    Engels, B.2    Arina, A.3
  • 146
    • 84881281241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanoma immunoediting by NK cells
    • Balsamo M, Pietra G, Vermi W, et al. Melanoma immunoediting by NK cells. Oncoimmunology 2012;1:1607-9.
    • (2012) Oncoimmunology , vol.1 , pp. 1607-1609
    • Balsamo, M.1    Pietra, G.2    Vermi, W.3
  • 147
    • 73949125660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanoma-associated fibroblasts modulate NK cell phenotype and antitumor cytotoxicity
    • Balsamo M, Scordamaglia F, Pietra G, et al. Melanoma-associated fibroblasts modulate NK cell phenotype and antitumor cytotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009;106:20847-52.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.106 , pp. 20847-20852
    • Balsamo, M.1    Scordamaglia, F.2    Pietra, G.3
  • 148
    • 20944432811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intratumoral T-cell infiltrates and MHC class I expression in patients with stage IV melanoma
    • Al-Batran SE, Rafiyan MR, Atmaca A, et al. Intratumoral T-cell infiltrates and MHC class I expression in patients with stage IV melanoma. Cancer Res 2005;65:3937-41.
    • (2005) Cancer Res , vol.65 , pp. 3937-3941
    • Al-Batran, S.E.1    Rafiyan, M.R.2    Atmaca, A.3
  • 149
    • 0024814687 scopus 로고
    • Model predicting survival in stage I melanoma based on tumor progression
    • Clark WH Jr, Elder DE, Guerry D 4th, et al. Model predicting survival in stage I melanoma based on tumor progression. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989;81:1893-904.
    • (1989) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.81 , pp. 1893-1904
    • Clark, W.H.1    Elder, D.E.2    Guerry, D.3
  • 150
    • 0029925375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in the vertical growth phase of primary cutaneous melanoma
    • Clemente CG, Mihm MC Jr, Bufalino R, et al. Prognostic value of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in the vertical growth phase of primary cutaneous melanoma. Cancer 1996;77:1303-10.
    • (1996) Cancer , vol.77 , pp. 1303-1310
    • Clemente, C.G.1    Mihm, M.C.2    Bufalino, R.3
  • 151
    • 80955165982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between natural killer cells and regression in melanocytic lesions
    • McKay K, Moore PC, Smoller BR, et al. Association between natural killer cells and regression in melanocytic lesions. Hum Pathol 2011;42:1960-4.
    • (2011) Hum Pathol , vol.42 , pp. 1960-1964
    • McKay, K.1    Moore, P.C.2    Smoller, B.R.3
  • 152
    • 0016644503 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of latex-ingesting cells, T cells, and B cells in the peripheral blood of patients with malignant melanoma
    • Koziner B, Cosimi AB, Bloch KJ. Distribution of latex-ingesting cells, T cells, and B cells in the peripheral blood of patients with malignant melanoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 1975;55:1295-9.
    • (1975) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.55 , pp. 1295-1299
    • Koziner, B.1    Cosimi, A.B.2    Bloch, K.J.3
  • 153
    • 79953303193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional immunity in melanoma: immunosuppressive changes precede nodal metastasis
    • Mansfield AS, Holtan SG, Grotz TE, et al. Regional immunity in melanoma: immunosuppressive changes precede nodal metastasis. Mod Pathol 2011;24:487-94.
    • (2011) Mod Pathol , vol.24 , pp. 487-494
    • Mansfield, A.S.1    Holtan, S.G.2    Grotz, T.E.3
  • 154
    • 47649122633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor-specific Th17-polarized cells eradicate large established melanoma
    • Muranski P, Boni A, Antony PA, et al. Tumor-specific Th17-polarized cells eradicate large established melanoma. Blood 2008;112:362-73.
    • (2008) Blood , vol.112 , pp. 362-373
    • Muranski, P.1    Boni, A.2    Antony, P.A.3
  • 155
    • 34249990107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD4 cells can be more efficient at tumor rejection than CD8 cells
    • Perez-Diez A, Joncker NT, Choi K, et al. CD4 cells can be more efficient at tumor rejection than CD8 cells. Blood 2007;109:5346-54.
    • (2007) Blood , vol.109 , pp. 5346-5354
    • Perez-Diez, A.1    Joncker, N.T.2    Choi, K.3
  • 156
    • 77949522803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor-reactive CD4(+) T cells develop cytotoxic activity and eradicate large established melanoma after transfer into lymphopenic hosts
    • Quezada SA, Simpson TR, Peggs KS, et al. Tumor-reactive CD4(+) T cells develop cytotoxic activity and eradicate large established melanoma after transfer into lymphopenic hosts. J Exp Med 2010;207:637-50.
    • (2010) J Exp Med , vol.207 , pp. 637-650
    • Quezada, S.A.1    Simpson, T.R.2    Peggs, K.S.3
  • 157
    • 84938702935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prognostic impact of specific CD4 T-cell responses is critically dependent on the target antigen in melanoma
    • Zelba H, Weide B, Martens A, et al. The prognostic impact of specific CD4 T-cell responses is critically dependent on the target antigen in melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2015;4:e955683.
    • (2015) Oncoimmunology , vol.4
    • Zelba, H.1    Weide, B.2    Martens, A.3
  • 158
    • 84905987223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating CD4+ T cells that produce IL4 or IL17 when stimulated by melan-A but not by NY-ESO-1 have negative impacts on survival of patients with stage IV melanoma
    • Zelba H, Weide B, Martens A, et al. Circulating CD4+ T cells that produce IL4 or IL17 when stimulated by melan-A but not by NY-ESO-1 have negative impacts on survival of patients with stage IV melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2014;20:4390-9.
    • (2014) Clin Cancer Res , vol.20 , pp. 4390-4399
    • Zelba, H.1    Weide, B.2    Martens, A.3
  • 159
    • 84855338629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory T cells in melanoma: the final hurdle towards effective immunotherapy?
    • Jacobs JF, Nierkens S, Figdor CG, et al. Regulatory T cells in melanoma: the final hurdle towards effective immunotherapy? Lancet Oncol 2012;13:e32-42.
    • (2012) Lancet Oncol , vol.13 , pp. e32-e42
    • Jacobs, J.F.1    Nierkens, S.2    Figdor, C.G.3
  • 160
    • 33847220736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide analysis of Foxp3 target genes in developing and mature regulatory T cells
    • Zheng Y, Josefowicz SZ, Kas A, et al. Genome-wide analysis of Foxp3 target genes in developing and mature regulatory T cells. Nature 2007;445:936-40.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.445 , pp. 936-940
    • Zheng, Y.1    Josefowicz, S.Z.2    Kas, A.3
  • 161
    • 52549083059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective accumulation of differentiated FOXP3(+) CD4 (+) T cells in metastatic tumor lesions from melanoma patients compared to peripheral blood
    • Jandus C, Bioley G, Speiser DE, et al. Selective accumulation of differentiated FOXP3(+) CD4 (+) T cells in metastatic tumor lesions from melanoma patients compared to peripheral blood. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008;57:1795-805.
    • (2008) Cancer Immunol Immunother , vol.57 , pp. 1795-1805
    • Jandus, C.1    Bioley, G.2    Speiser, D.E.3
  • 162
    • 0037217371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD4+CD25+ suppressor lymphocytes in the circulation of patients immunized against melanoma antigens
    • Javia LR, Rosenberg SA. CD4+CD25+ suppressor lymphocytes in the circulation of patients immunized against melanoma antigens. J Immunother 2003;26:85-93.
    • (2003) J Immunother , vol.26 , pp. 85-93
    • Javia, L.R.1    Rosenberg, S.A.2
  • 163
    • 3142737258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foxp3 expressing CD4+CD25(high) regulatory T cells are overrepresented in human metastatic melanoma lymph nodes and inhibit the function of infiltrating T cells
    • Viguier M, Lemaître F, Verola O, et al. Foxp3 expressing CD4+CD25(high) regulatory T cells are overrepresented in human metastatic melanoma lymph nodes and inhibit the function of infiltrating T cells. J Immunol 2004;173:1444-53.
    • (2004) J Immunol , vol.173 , pp. 1444-1453
    • Viguier, M.1    Lemaître, F.2    Verola, O.3
  • 164
    • 58149399352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FOXP3 expression accurately defines the population of intratumoral regulatory T cells that selectively accumulate in metastatic melanoma lesions
    • Ahmadzadeh M, Felipe-Silva A, Heemskerk B, et al. FOXP3 expression accurately defines the population of intratumoral regulatory T cells that selectively accumulate in metastatic melanoma lesions. Blood 2008;112:4953-60.
    • (2008) Blood , vol.112 , pp. 4953-4960
    • Ahmadzadeh, M.1    Felipe-Silva, A.2    Heemskerk, B.3
  • 165
    • 4644237613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific recruitment of regulatory T cells in ovarian carcinoma fosters immune privilege and predicts reduced survival
    • Curiel TJ, Coukos G, Zou L, et al. Specific recruitment of regulatory T cells in ovarian carcinoma fosters immune privilege and predicts reduced survival. Nat Med 2004;10:942-9.
    • (2004) Nat Med , vol.10 , pp. 942-949
    • Curiel, T.J.1    Coukos, G.2    Zou, L.3
  • 166
    • 38449103549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of tumour-infiltrating CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cell evaluation in predicting local recurrence in vertical growth phase cutaneous melanoma
    • Miracco C, Mourmouras V, Biagioli M, et al. Utility of tumour-infiltrating CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cell evaluation in predicting local recurrence in vertical growth phase cutaneous melanoma. Oncol Rep 2007;18:1115-22.
    • (2007) Oncol Rep , vol.18 , pp. 1115-1122
    • Miracco, C.1    Mourmouras, V.2    Biagioli, M.3
  • 167
    • 34547896612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of tumour-infiltrating CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in human cutaneous benign and atypical naevi, melanomas and melanoma metastases
    • Mourmouras V, Fimiani M, Rubegni P, et al. Evaluation of tumour-infiltrating CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in human cutaneous benign and atypical naevi, melanomas and melanoma metastases. Br J Dermatol 2007;157:531-9.
    • (2007) Br J Dermatol , vol.157 , pp. 531-539
    • Mourmouras, V.1    Fimiani, M.2    Rubegni, P.3
  • 168
    • 35748930538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leukocyte infiltration and tumor cell plasticity are parameters of aggressiveness in primary cutaneous melanoma
    • Hillen F, Baeten CI, van de Winkel A, et al. Leukocyte infiltration and tumor cell plasticity are parameters of aggressiveness in primary cutaneous melanoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008;57:97-106.
    • (2008) Cancer Immunol Immunother , vol.57 , pp. 97-106
    • Hillen, F.1    Baeten, C.I.2    van de Winkel, A.3
  • 169
    • 33745851479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CTLA-4 blockade and GM-CSF combination immunotherapy alters the intratumor balance of effector and regulatory T cells
    • Quezada SA, Peggs KS, Curran MA, et al. CTLA-4 blockade and GM-CSF combination immunotherapy alters the intratumor balance of effector and regulatory T cells. J Clin Invest 2006;116:1935-45.
    • (2006) J Clin Invest , vol.116 , pp. 1935-1945
    • Quezada, S.A.1    Peggs, K.S.2    Curran, M.A.3
  • 170
    • 33644784733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-2 administration increases CD4+ CD25(hi) Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in cancer patients
    • Ahmadzadeh M, Rosenberg SA. IL-2 administration increases CD4+ CD25(hi) Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in cancer patients. Blood 2006;107:2409-14.
    • (2006) Blood , vol.107 , pp. 2409-2414
    • Ahmadzadeh, M.1    Rosenberg, S.A.2
  • 171
    • 30444443011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanoma-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes but not circulating melanoma-specific T cells may predict survival in resected advanced-stage melanoma patients
    • Haanen JB, Baars A, Gomez R, et al. Melanoma-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes but not circulating melanoma-specific T cells may predict survival in resected advanced-stage melanoma patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006;55:451-8.
    • (2006) Cancer Immunol Immunother , vol.55 , pp. 451-458
    • Haanen, J.B.1    Baars, A.2    Gomez, R.3
  • 172
    • 70349569569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells infiltrating the tumor express high levels of PD-1 and are functionally impaired
    • Ahmadzadeh M, Johnson LA, Heemskerk B, et al. Tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells infiltrating the tumor express high levels of PD-1 and are functionally impaired. Blood 2009;114:1537-44.
    • (2009) Blood , vol.114 , pp. 1537-1544
    • Ahmadzadeh, M.1    Johnson, L.A.2    Heemskerk, B.3
  • 173
    • 4344671644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effector function of human tumor-specific CD8 T cells in melanoma lesions: a state of local functional tolerance
    • Zippelius A, Batard P, Rubio-Godoy V, et al. Effector function of human tumor-specific CD8 T cells in melanoma lesions: a state of local functional tolerance. Cancer Res 2004;64:2865-73.
    • (2004) Cancer Res , vol.64 , pp. 2865-2873
    • Zippelius, A.1    Batard, P.2    Rubio-Godoy, V.3
  • 174
    • 79957925314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exhaustion of tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells in metastases from melanoma patients
    • Baitsch L, Baumgaertner P, Devevre E, et al. Exhaustion of tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells in metastases from melanoma patients. J Clin Invest 2011;121:2350-60.
    • (2011) J Clin Invest , vol.121 , pp. 2350-2360
    • Baitsch, L.1    Baumgaertner, P.2    Devevre, E.3
  • 175
    • 82355169702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic impact of B-cell density in cutaneous melanoma
    • Ladányi A, Kiss J, Mohos A, et al. Prognostic impact of B-cell density in cutaneous melanoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011;60:1729-38.
    • (2011) Cancer Immunol Immunother , vol.60 , pp. 1729-1738
    • Ladányi, A.1    Kiss, J.2    Mohos, A.3
  • 176
    • 17944390951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the number of CD80(+), CD86(+), and CD28(+) peripheral blood lymphocytes have prognostic value in melanoma patients
    • Martínez-Escribano JA, Hernández-Caselles T, Campillo JA, et al. Changes in the number of CD80(+), CD86(+), and CD28(+) peripheral blood lymphocytes have prognostic value in melanoma patients. Hum Immunol 2003;64:796-801.
    • (2003) Hum Immunol , vol.64 , pp. 796-801
    • Martínez-Escribano, J.A.1    Hernández-Caselles, T.2    Campillo, J.A.3
  • 177
    • 67650381830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collapse of the CD27+ B-cell compartment associated with systemic plasmacytosis in patients with advanced melanoma and other cancers
    • Carpenter EL, Mick R, Rech AJ, et al. Collapse of the CD27+ B-cell compartment associated with systemic plasmacytosis in patients with advanced melanoma and other cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2009;15:4277-87.
    • (2009) Clin Cancer Res , vol.15 , pp. 4277-4287
    • Carpenter, E.L.1    Mick, R.2    Rech, A.J.3
  • 178
    • 0036305649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Malignant melanoma associates with Th1/Th2 imbalance that coincides with disease progression and immunotherapy response
    • Lauerova L, Dusek L, Simickova M, et al. Malignant melanoma associates with Th1/Th2 imbalance that coincides with disease progression and immunotherapy response. Neoplasma 2002;49:159-66.
    • (2002) Neoplasma , vol.49 , pp. 159-166
    • Lauerova, L.1    Dusek, L.2    Simickova, M.3
  • 179
    • 54249161032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A subset of host B lymphocytes controls melanoma metastasis through a melanoma cell adhesion molecule/MUC18-dependent interaction: evidence from mice and humans
    • Staquicini FI, Tandle A, Libutti SK, et al. A subset of host B lymphocytes controls melanoma metastasis through a melanoma cell adhesion molecule/MUC18-dependent interaction: evidence from mice and humans. Cancer Res 2008;68:8419-28.
    • (2008) Cancer Res , vol.68 , pp. 8419-8428
    • Staquicini, F.I.1    Tandle, A.2    Libutti, S.K.3
  • 180
    • 84891104809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of cancer immunotherapy by combining molecular targeted therapy
    • Kawakami Y, Yaguchi T, Sumimoto H, et al. Improvement of cancer immunotherapy by combining molecular targeted therapy. Front Oncol 2013;3:136.
    • (2013) Front Oncol , vol.3 , pp. 136
    • Kawakami, Y.1    Yaguchi, T.2    Sumimoto, H.3
  • 181
    • 33745859743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The BRAF-MAPK signaling pathway is essential for cancer-immune evasion in human melanoma cells
    • Sumimoto H, Imabayashi F, Iwata T, et al. The BRAF-MAPK signaling pathway is essential for cancer-immune evasion in human melanoma cells. J Exp Med 2006;203:1651-6.
    • (2006) J Exp Med , vol.203 , pp. 1651-1656
    • Sumimoto, H.1    Imabayashi, F.2    Iwata, T.3
  • 182
    • 84936953099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanoma-intrinsic beta-catenin signalling prevents anti-tumour immunity
    • Spranger S, Bao R, Gajewski TF. Melanoma-intrinsic beta-catenin signalling prevents anti-tumour immunity. Nature 2015;523:231-5.
    • (2015) Nature , vol.523 , pp. 231-235
    • Spranger, S.1    Bao, R.2    Gajewski, T.F.3
  • 183
    • 84979862583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immunological synapse
    • Dustin ML. The immunological synapse. Cancer Immunol Res 2014;2:1023-33.
    • (2014) Cancer Immunol Res , vol.2 , pp. 1023-1033
    • Dustin, M.L.1
  • 184
    • 84937846973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolving synergistic combinations of targeted immunotherapies to combat cancer
    • Melero I, Berman DM, Aznar MA, et al. Evolving synergistic combinations of targeted immunotherapies to combat cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2015;15:457-72.
    • (2015) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.15 , pp. 457-472
    • Melero, I.1    Berman, D.M.2    Aznar, M.A.3
  • 185
    • 0030845586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4-1BB costimulatory signals preferentially induce CD8+ T cell proliferation and lead to the amplification in vivo of cytotoxic T cell responses
    • Shuford WW, Klussman K, Tritchler DD, et al. 4-1BB costimulatory signals preferentially induce CD8+ T cell proliferation and lead to the amplification in vivo of cytotoxic T cell responses. J Exp Med 1997;186:47-55.
    • (1997) J Exp Med , vol.186 , pp. 47-55
    • Shuford, W.W.1    Klussman, K.2    Tritchler, D.D.3
  • 186
    • 65349153714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune regulation by 4-1BB and 4-1BBL: complexities and challenges
    • Wang C, Lin GH, McPherson AJ, et al. Immune regulation by 4-1BB and 4-1BBL: complexities and challenges. Immunological reviews 2009;229:192-215.
    • (2009) Immunological reviews , vol.229 , pp. 192-215
    • Wang, C.1    Lin, G.H.2    McPherson, A.J.3
  • 187
    • 82455210235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting immune effector cells to promote antibody-induced cytotoxicity in cancer immunotherapy
    • Houot R, Kohrt HE, Marabelle A, et al. Targeting immune effector cells to promote antibody-induced cytotoxicity in cancer immunotherapy. Trends Immunol 2011;32:510-6.
    • (2011) Trends Immunol , vol.32 , pp. 510-516
    • Houot, R.1    Kohrt, H.E.2    Marabelle, A.3
  • 188
    • 0028296046 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the human CD27 ligand, a novel member of the TNF gene family
    • Hintzen RQ, Lens SM, Beckmann MP, et al. Characterization of the human CD27 ligand, a novel member of the TNF gene family. J Immunol 1994;152:1762-73.
    • (1994) J Immunol , vol.152 , pp. 1762-1773
    • Hintzen, R.Q.1    Lens, S.M.2    Beckmann, M.P.3
  • 189
    • 84874845333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agonistic CD40 antibodies and cancer therapy
    • Vonderheide RH, Glennie MJ. Agonistic CD40 antibodies and cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2013;19:1035-43.
    • (2013) Clin Cancer Res , vol.19 , pp. 1035-1043
    • Vonderheide, R.H.1    Glennie, M.J.2
  • 191
    • 33846399187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-OX40 stimulation in vivo enhances CD8+ memory T cell survival and significantly increases recall responses
    • Ruby CE, Redmond WL, Haley D, et al. Anti-OX40 stimulation in vivo enhances CD8+ memory T cell survival and significantly increases recall responses. Eur J Immunol 2007;37:157-66.
    • (2007) Eur J Immunol , vol.37 , pp. 157-166
    • Ruby, C.E.1    Redmond, W.L.2    Haley, D.3
  • 192
    • 0029947568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of antitumor immunity by CTLA-4 blockade
    • Leach DR, Krummel MF, Allison JP. Enhancement of antitumor immunity by CTLA-4 blockade. Science 1996;271:1734-6.
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , pp. 1734-1736
    • Leach, D.R.1    Krummel, M.F.2    Allison, J.P.3
  • 193
    • 0029120245 scopus 로고
    • CD28 and CTLA-4 have opposing effects on the response of T cells to stimulation
    • Krummel MF, Allison JP. CD28 and CTLA-4 have opposing effects on the response of T cells to stimulation. J Exp Med 1995;182:459-65.
    • (1995) J Exp Med , vol.182 , pp. 459-465
    • Krummel, M.F.1    Allison, J.P.2
  • 194
    • 0028867420 scopus 로고
    • Loss of CTLA-4 leads to massive lymphoproliferation and fatal multiorgan tissue destruction, revealing a critical negative regulatory role of CTLA-4
    • Tivol EA, Borriello F, Schweitzer AN, et al. Loss of CTLA-4 leads to massive lymphoproliferation and fatal multiorgan tissue destruction, revealing a critical negative regulatory role of CTLA-4. Immunity 1995;3:541-7.
    • (1995) Immunity , vol.3 , pp. 541-547
    • Tivol, E.A.1    Borriello, F.2    Schweitzer, A.N.3
  • 195
    • 0028791059 scopus 로고
    • Lymphoproliferative disorders with early lethality in mice deficient in Ctla-4
    • Waterhouse P, Penninger JM, Timms E, et al. Lymphoproliferative disorders with early lethality in mice deficient in Ctla-4. Science 1995;270:985-8.
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 985-988
    • Waterhouse, P.1    Penninger, J.M.2    Timms, E.3
  • 197
    • 79955529454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trans-endocytosis of CD80 and CD86: a molecular basis for the cell-extrinsic function of CTLA-4
    • Qureshi OS, Zheng Y, Nakamura K, et al. Trans-endocytosis of CD80 and CD86: a molecular basis for the cell-extrinsic function of CTLA-4. Science 2011;332:600-3.
    • (2011) Science , vol.332 , pp. 600-603
    • Qureshi, O.S.1    Zheng, Y.2    Nakamura, K.3
  • 198
    • 84884271914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fc-dependent depletion of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells co-defines the efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 therapy against melanoma
    • Simpson TR, Li F, Montalvo-Ortiz W, et al. Fc-dependent depletion of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells co-defines the efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 therapy against melanoma. J Exp Med 2013;210:1695-710.
    • (2013) J Exp Med , vol.210 , pp. 1695-1710
    • Simpson, T.R.1    Li, F.2    Montalvo-Ortiz, W.3
  • 199
    • 84887862839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A rheostat for immune responses: the unique properties of PD-1 and their advantages for clinical application
    • Okazaki T, Chikuma S, Iwai Y, et al. A rheostat for immune responses: the unique properties of PD-1 and their advantages for clinical application. Nat Immunol 2013;14:1212-8.
    • (2013) Nat Immunol , vol.14 , pp. 1212-1218
    • Okazaki, T.1    Chikuma, S.2    Iwai, Y.3
  • 200
    • 34247884612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The function of programmed cell death 1 and its ligands in regulating autoimmunity and infection
    • Sharpe AH, Wherry EJ, Ahmed R, et al. The function of programmed cell death 1 and its ligands in regulating autoimmunity and infection. Nat Immunol 2007;8:239-45.
    • (2007) Nat Immunol , vol.8 , pp. 239-245
    • Sharpe, A.H.1    Wherry, E.J.2    Ahmed, R.3
  • 201
    • 0031685190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunological studies on PD-1 deficient mice: implication of PD-1 as a negative regulator for B cell responses
    • Nishimura H, Minato N, Nakano T, et al. Immunological studies on PD-1 deficient mice: implication of PD-1 as a negative regulator for B cell responses. Int Immunol 1998;10:1563-72.
    • (1998) Int Immunol , vol.10 , pp. 1563-1572
    • Nishimura, H.1    Minato, N.2    Nakano, T.3
  • 202
    • 0041845131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blockade of programmed death-1 engagement accelerates graft-vs.-host disease lethality by an IFN-gamma-dependent mechanism
    • Blazar BR, Carreno BM, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, et al. Blockade of programmed death-1 engagement accelerates graft-vs.-host disease lethality by an IFN-gamma-dependent mechanism. J Immunol 2003;171:1272-7.
    • (2003) J Immunol , vol.171 , pp. 1272-1277
    • Blazar, B.R.1    Carreno, B.M.2    Panoskaltsis-Mortari, A.3
  • 203
    • 65349118810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PD-1 signaling in primary T cells
    • Riley JL. PD-1 signaling in primary T cells. Immunol Rev 2009;229:114-25.
    • (2009) Immunol Rev , vol.229 , pp. 114-125
    • Riley, J.L.1
  • 204
    • 84928062583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune checkpoint blockade: a common denominator approach to cancer therapy
    • Topalian SL, Drake CG, Pardoll DM. Immune checkpoint blockade: a common denominator approach to cancer therapy. Cancer cell 2015;27:450-61.
    • (2015) Cancer cell , vol.27 , pp. 450-461
    • Topalian, S.L.1    Drake, C.G.2    Pardoll, D.M.3
  • 205
    • 78650208859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CD4-like molecule LAG-3, biology and therapeutic applications
    • Sierro S, Romero P, Speiser DE. The CD4-like molecule LAG-3, biology and therapeutic applications. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011;15:91-101.
    • (2011) Expert Opin Ther Targets , vol.15 , pp. 91-101
    • Sierro, S.1    Romero, P.2    Speiser, D.E.3
  • 206
    • 0027979962 scopus 로고
    • Cellular expression and tissue distribution of the human LAG-3-encoded protein, an MHC class II ligand
    • Huard B, Gaulard P, Faure F, et al. Cellular expression and tissue distribution of the human LAG-3-encoded protein, an MHC class II ligand. Immunogenetics 1994;39:213-7.
    • (1994) Immunogenetics , vol.39 , pp. 213-217
    • Huard, B.1    Gaulard, P.2    Faure, F.3
  • 207
    • 0026681864 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the lymphocyte activation gene 3-encoded protein. A new ligand for human leukocyte antigen class II antigens
    • Baixeras E, Huard B, Miossec C, et al. Characterization of the lymphocyte activation gene 3-encoded protein. A new ligand for human leukocyte antigen class II antigens. J Exp Med 1992;176:327-37.
    • (1992) J Exp Med , vol.176 , pp. 327-337
    • Baixeras, E.1    Huard, B.2    Miossec, C.3
  • 208
    • 84962221817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galectin-3 Shapes Antitumor Immune Responses by Suppressing CD8+ T Cells via LAG-3 and Inhibiting Expansion of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
    • Kouo T, Huang L, Pucsek AB, et al. Galectin-3 Shapes Antitumor Immune Responses by Suppressing CD8+ T Cells via LAG-3 and Inhibiting Expansion of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2015;3:412-23.
    • (2015) Cancer Immunol Res , vol.3 , pp. 412-423
    • Kouo, T.1    Huang, L.2    Pucsek, A.B.3
  • 209
    • 0038068048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CD4-related molecule, LAG-3 (CD223), regulates the expansion of activated T cells
    • Workman CJ, Vignali DA. The CD4-related molecule, LAG-3 (CD223), regulates the expansion of activated T cells. Eur J Immunol 2003;33:970-9.
    • (2003) Eur J Immunol , vol.33 , pp. 970-979
    • Workman, C.J.1    Vignali, D.A.2
  • 210
    • 0029873311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LAG-3 is not responsible for selecting T helper cells in CD4-deficient mice
    • Miyazaki T, Dierich A, Benoist C, et al. LAG-3 is not responsible for selecting T helper cells in CD4-deficient mice. Int Immunol 1996;8:725-9.
    • (1996) Int Immunol , vol.8 , pp. 725-729
    • Miyazaki, T.1    Dierich, A.2    Benoist, C.3
  • 211
    • 80053550261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: accelerated autoimmune diabetes in the absence of LAG-3
    • Bettini M, Szymczak-Workman AL, Forbes K, et al. Cutting edge: accelerated autoimmune diabetes in the absence of LAG-3. J Immunol 2011;187:3493-8.
    • (2011) J Immunol , vol.187 , pp. 3493-3498
    • Bettini, M.1    Szymczak-Workman, A.L.2    Forbes, K.3
  • 212
    • 0242708767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tim-3 inhibits T helper type 1-mediated auto-and alloimmune responses and promotes immunological tolerance
    • Sánchez-Fueyo A, Tian J, Picarella D, et al. Tim-3 inhibits T helper type 1-mediated auto-and alloimmune responses and promotes immunological tolerance. Nat Immunol 2003;4:1093-101.
    • (2003) Nat Immunol , vol.4 , pp. 1093-1101
    • Sánchez-Fueyo, A.1    Tian, J.2    Picarella, D.3
  • 213
    • 84868669212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bat3 promotes T cell responses and autoimmunity by repressing Tim-3-mediated cell death and exhaustion
    • Rangachari M, Zhu C, Sakuishi K, et al. Bat3 promotes T cell responses and autoimmunity by repressing Tim-3-mediated cell death and exhaustion. Nat Med 2012;18:1394-400.
    • (2012) Nat Med , vol.18 , pp. 1394-1400
    • Rangachari, M.1    Zhu, C.2    Sakuishi, K.3
  • 214
    • 30044434075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity
    • Zhu C, Anderson AC, Schubart A, et al. The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity. Nat Immunol 2005;6:1245-52.
    • (2005) Nat Immunol , vol.6 , pp. 1245-1252
    • Zhu, C.1    Anderson, A.C.2    Schubart, A.3
  • 215
    • 84921449533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CEACAM1 regulates TIM-3-mediated tolerance and exhaustion
    • Huang YH, Zhu C, Kondo Y, et al. CEACAM1 regulates TIM-3-mediated tolerance and exhaustion. Nature 2015;517:386-90.
    • (2015) Nature , vol.517 , pp. 386-390
    • Huang, Y.H.1    Zhu, C.2    Kondo, Y.3
  • 216
    • 84991543926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and tumor immunity
    • Benson DM Jr, Caligiuri MA. Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and tumor immunity. Cancer Immunol Res 2014;2:99-104.
    • (2014) Cancer Immunol Res , vol.2 , pp. 99-104
    • Benson, D.M.1    Caligiuri, M.A.2
  • 217
    • 79952717517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VISTA, a novel mouse Ig superfamily ligand that negatively regulates T cell responses
    • Wang L, Rubinstein R, Lines JL, et al. VISTA, a novel mouse Ig superfamily ligand that negatively regulates T cell responses. J Exp Med 2011;208:577-92.
    • (2011) J Exp Med , vol.208 , pp. 577-592
    • Wang, L.1    Rubinstein, R.2    Lines, J.L.3
  • 218
    • 84897429090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VISTA Regulates the Development of Protective Antitumor Immunity
    • Le Mercier I, Chen W, Lines JL, et al. VISTA Regulates the Development of Protective Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Res 2014;74:1933-44.
    • (2014) Cancer Res , vol.74 , pp. 1933-1944
    • Le Mercier, I.1    Chen, W.2    Lines, J.L.3
  • 219
    • 0041381300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The B7 family member B7-H3 preferentially down-regulates T helper type 1-mediated immune responses
    • Suh WK, Gajewska BU, Okada H, et al. The B7 family member B7-H3 preferentially down-regulates T helper type 1-mediated immune responses. Nat Immunol 2003;4:899-906.
    • (2003) Nat Immunol , vol.4 , pp. 899-906
    • Suh, W.K.1    Gajewska, B.U.2    Okada, H.3
  • 220
    • 65349130644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fine tuning the immune response through B7-H3 and B7-H4
    • Yi KH, Chen L. Fine tuning the immune response through B7-H3 and B7-H4. Immunol Rev 2009;229:145-51.
    • (2009) Immunol Rev , vol.229 , pp. 145-151
    • Yi, K.H.1    Chen, L.2
  • 221
    • 84919494669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immunoreceptor TIGIT regulates antitumor and antiviral CD8(+) T cell effector function
    • Johnston RJ, Comps-Agrar L, Hackney J, et al. The immunoreceptor TIGIT regulates antitumor and antiviral CD8(+) T cell effector function. Cancer Cell 2014;26:923-37.
    • (2014) Cancer Cell , vol.26 , pp. 923-937
    • Johnston, R.J.1    Comps-Agrar, L.2    Hackney, J.3
  • 222
    • 84903816506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase pathways of pathogenic inflammation and immune escape in cancer
    • Prendergast GC, Smith C, Thomas S, et al. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase pathways of pathogenic inflammation and immune escape in cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014;63:721-35.
    • (2014) Cancer Immunol Immunother , vol.63 , pp. 721-735
    • Prendergast, G.C.1    Smith, C.2    Thomas, S.3
  • 223
    • 84902191817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-2: the first effective immunotherapy for human cancer
    • Rosenberg SA. IL-2: the first effective immunotherapy for human cancer. J Immunol 2014;192:5451-8.
    • (2014) J Immunol , vol.192 , pp. 5451-5458
    • Rosenberg, S.A.1
  • 224
    • 84891703353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon alpha for the adjuvant treatment of cutaneous melanoma
    • Mocellin S, Lens MB, Pasquali S, et al. Interferon alpha for the adjuvant treatment of cutaneous melanoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;6:CD008955.
    • (2013) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.6
    • Mocellin, S.1    Lens, M.B.2    Pasquali, S.3
  • 225
    • 84938205998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pembrolizumab versus investigator-choice chemotherapy for ipilimumab-refractory melanoma (KEYNOTE-002): a randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial
    • Ribas A, Puzanov I, Dummer R, et al. Pembrolizumab versus investigator-choice chemotherapy for ipilimumab-refractory melanoma (KEYNOTE-002): a randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2015;16:908-18.
    • (2015) Lancet Oncol , vol.16 , pp. 908-918
    • Ribas, A.1    Puzanov, I.2    Dummer, R.3
  • 226
    • 84925222119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation
    • Robert C, Long GV, Brady B, et al. Nivolumab in previously untreated melanoma without BRAF mutation. N Engl J Med 2015;372:320-30.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.372 , pp. 320-330
    • Robert, C.1    Long, G.V.2    Brady, B.3
  • 227
    • 84929481481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pembrolizumab vs. Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma
    • Robert C, Schachter J, Long GV, et al. Pembrolizumab vs. Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma. N Engl J Med 2015;372:2521-32.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.372 , pp. 2521-2532
    • Robert, C.1    Schachter, J.2    Long, G.V.3
  • 228
    • 84931083080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nivolumab v. chemotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma who progressed after anti-CTLA-4 treatment (CheckMate 037): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial
    • Weber JS, D'Angelo SP, Minor D, et al. Nivolumab vs. chemotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma who progressed after anti-CTLA-4 treatment (CheckMate 037): a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2015;16:375-84.
    • (2015) Lancet Oncol , vol.16 , pp. 375-384
    • Weber, J.S.1    D'Angelo, S.P.2    Minor, D.3
  • 229
    • 84897041811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orchestrating immune check-point blockade for cancer immunotherapy in combinations
    • Perez-Gracia JL, Labiano S, Rodriguez-Ruiz ME, et al. Orchestrating immune check-point blockade for cancer immunotherapy in combinations. Curr Opin Immunol 2014;27:89-97.
    • (2014) Curr Opin Immunol , vol.27 , pp. 89-97
    • Perez-Gracia, J.L.1    Labiano, S.2    Rodriguez-Ruiz, M.E.3
  • 230
    • 84929481482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nivolumab and ipilimumab vs. ipilimumab in untreated melanoma
    • Postow MA, Chesney J, Pavlick AC, et al. Nivolumab and ipilimumab vs. ipilimumab in untreated melanoma. N Engl J Med 2015;372:2006-17.
    • (2015) N Engl J Med , vol.372 , pp. 2006-2017
    • Postow, M.A.1    Chesney, J.2    Pavlick, A.C.3
  • 231
    • 84856733781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extended co-expression of inhibitory receptors by human CD8 T-cells depending on differentiation, antigen-specificity and anatomical localization
    • Baitsch L, Legat A, Barba L, et al. Extended co-expression of inhibitory receptors by human CD8 T-cells depending on differentiation, antigen-specificity and anatomical localization. PloS One 2012;7:e30852.
    • (2012) PloS One , vol.7
    • Baitsch, L.1    Legat, A.2    Barba, L.3
  • 232
    • 77952343328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor-infiltrating NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cells are negatively regulated by LAG-3 and PD-1 in human ovarian cancer
    • Matsuzaki J, Gnjatic S, Mhawech-Fauceglia P, et al. Tumor-infiltrating NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cells are negatively regulated by LAG-3 and PD-1 in human ovarian cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010;107:7875-80.
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.107 , pp. 7875-7880
    • Matsuzaki, J.1    Gnjatic, S.2    Mhawech-Fauceglia, P.3
  • 233
    • 69249108787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preclinical characterization of 1-7F9, a novel human anti-KIR receptor therapeutic antibody that augments natural killer-mediated killing of tumor cells
    • Romagné F, André P, Spee P, et al. Preclinical characterization of 1-7F9, a novel human anti-KIR receptor therapeutic antibody that augments natural killer-mediated killing of tumor cells. Blood 2009;114:2667-77.
    • (2009) Blood , vol.114 , pp. 2667-2677
    • Romagné, F.1    André, P.2    Spee, P.3
  • 234
    • 84863928141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of an Fc-enhanced anti-B7-H3 monoclonal antibody with potent antitumor activity
    • Loo D, Alderson RF, Chen FZ, et al. Development of an Fc-enhanced anti-B7-H3 monoclonal antibody with potent antitumor activity. Clin Cancer Res 2012;18:3834-45.
    • (2012) Clin Cancer Res , vol.18 , pp. 3834-3845
    • Loo, D.1    Alderson, R.F.2    Chen, F.Z.3
  • 235
    • 0036372821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective tumor immunotherapy: start the engine, release the brakes, step on the gas pedal,.and get ready to face autoimmunity
    • Tirapu I, Mazzolini G, Rodriguez-Calvillo M, et al. Effective tumor immunotherapy: start the engine, release the brakes, step on the gas pedal,.and get ready to face autoimmunity. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2002;50:13-8.
    • (2002) Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) , vol.50 , pp. 13-18
    • Tirapu, I.1    Mazzolini, G.2    Rodriguez-Calvillo, M.3
  • 236
    • 84942054101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergy of molecular targeted approaches and immunotherapy in melanoma: preclinical basis and clinical perspectives
    • Sanlorenzo M, Vujic I, Moy A, et al. Synergy of molecular targeted approaches and immunotherapy in melanoma: preclinical basis and clinical perspectives. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015;15:1491-500.
    • (2015) Expert Opin Biol Ther , vol.15 , pp. 1491-1500
    • Sanlorenzo, M.1    Vujic, I.2    Moy, A.3
  • 237
    • 84874872137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRAF inhibition is associated with enhanced melanoma antigen expression and a more favorable tumor microenvironment in patients with metastatic melanoma
    • Frederick DT, Piris A, Cogdill AP, et al. BRAF inhibition is associated with enhanced melanoma antigen expression and a more favorable tumor microenvironment in patients with metastatic melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2013;19:1225-31.
    • (2013) Clin Cancer Res , vol.19 , pp. 1225-1231
    • Frederick, D.T.1    Piris, A.2    Cogdill, A.P.3
  • 238
    • 84885816614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vemurafenib enhances MHC induction in BRAF homozygous melanoma cells
    • Sapkota B, Hill CE, Pollack BP. Vemurafenib enhances MHC induction in BRAF homozygous melanoma cells. Oncoimmunology 2013;2:e22890.
    • (2013) Oncoimmunology , vol.2
    • Sapkota, B.1    Hill, C.E.2    Pollack, B.P.3
  • 239
    • 77954373338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective BRAFV600E inhibition enhances T-cell recognition of melanoma without affecting lymphocyte function
    • Boni A, Cogdill AP, Dang P, et al. Selective BRAFV600E inhibition enhances T-cell recognition of melanoma without affecting lymphocyte function. Cancer Res 2010;70:5213-9.
    • (2010) Cancer Res , vol.70 , pp. 5213-5219
    • Boni, A.1    Cogdill, A.P.2    Dang, P.3
  • 240
    • 84873336707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The activation of MAPK in melanoma cells resistant to BRAF inhibition promotes PD-L1 expression that is reversible by MEK and PI3K inhibition
    • Jiang X, Zhou J, Giobbie-Hurder A, et al. The activation of MAPK in melanoma cells resistant to BRAF inhibition promotes PD-L1 expression that is reversible by MEK and PI3K inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 2013;19:598-609.
    • (2013) Clin Cancer Res , vol.19 , pp. 598-609
    • Jiang, X.1    Zhou, J.2    Giobbie-Hurder, A.3
  • 241
    • 84903831602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of MAPK and PI3K pathways on PD-L1 expression in melanoma
    • Atefi M, Avramis E, Lassen A, et al. Effects of MAPK and PI3K pathways on PD-L1 expression in melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2014;20:3446-57.
    • (2014) Clin Cancer Res , vol.20 , pp. 3446-3457
    • Atefi, M.1    Avramis, E.2    Lassen, A.3
  • 242
    • 84863393623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective BRAF inhibitors induce marked T-cell infiltration into human metastatic melanoma
    • Wilmott JS, Long GV, Howle JR, et al. Selective BRAF inhibitors induce marked T-cell infiltration into human metastatic melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2012;18:1386-94.
    • (2012) Clin Cancer Res , vol.18 , pp. 1386-1394
    • Wilmott, J.S.1    Long, G.V.2    Howle, J.R.3
  • 243
    • 84902596389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paradoxical activation of T cells via augmented ERK signaling mediated by a RAF inhibitor
    • Callahan MK, Masters G, Pratilas CA, et al. Paradoxical activation of T cells via augmented ERK signaling mediated by a RAF inhibitor. Cancer Immunol Res 2014;2:70-9.
    • (2014) Cancer Immunol Res , vol.2 , pp. 70-79
    • Callahan, M.K.1    Masters, G.2    Pratilas, C.A.3
  • 244
    • 84904286464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MEK inhibition, alone or in combination with BRAF inhibition, affects multiple functions of isolated normal human lymphocytes and dendritic cells
    • Vella LJ, Pasam A, Dimopoulos N, et al. MEK inhibition, alone or in combination with BRAF inhibition, affects multiple functions of isolated normal human lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2014;2:351-60.
    • (2014) Cancer Immunol Res , vol.2 , pp. 351-360
    • Vella, L.J.1    Pasam, A.2    Dimopoulos, N.3
  • 245
    • 84915750492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Universes collide: combining immunotherapy with targeted therapy for cancer
    • Wargo JA, Cooper ZA, Flaherty KT. Universes collide: combining immunotherapy with targeted therapy for cancer. Cancer Discov 2014;4:1377-86.
    • (2014) Cancer Discov , vol.4 , pp. 1377-1386
    • Wargo, J.A.1    Cooper, Z.A.2    Flaherty, K.T.3
  • 246
    • 84927666190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The BRAF and MEK Inhibitors Dabrafenib and Trametinib: Effects on Immune Function and in Combination with Immunomodulatory Antibodies Targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4
    • Liu L, Mayes PA, Eastman S, et al. The BRAF and MEK Inhibitors Dabrafenib and Trametinib: Effects on Immune Function and in Combination with Immunomodulatory Antibodies Targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4. Clin Cancer Res 2015;21:1639-51.
    • (2015) Clin Cancer Res , vol.21 , pp. 1639-1651
    • Liu, L.1    Mayes, P.A.2    Eastman, S.3
  • 247
    • 84925262623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved antitumor activity of immunotherapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors in BRAF(V600E) melanoma
    • Hu-Lieskovan S, Mok S, Homet Moreno B, et al. Improved antitumor activity of immunotherapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors in BRAF(V600E) melanoma. Sci Transl Med 2015;7:279ra41.
    • (2015) Sci Transl Med , vol.7
    • Hu-Lieskovan, S.1    Mok, S.2    Homet Moreno, B.3
  • 248
    • 84918591464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural killer cells are essential for the ability of BRAF inhibitors to control BRAFV600E-mutant metastatic melanoma
    • Ferrari de Andrade L, Ngiow SF, Stannard K, et al. Natural killer cells are essential for the ability of BRAF inhibitors to control BRAFV600E-mutant metastatic melanoma. Cancer Res 2014;74:7298-308.
    • (2014) Cancer Res , vol.74 , pp. 7298-7308
    • Ferrari de Andrade, L.1    Ngiow, S.F.2    Stannard, K.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.