Synaptic integrity in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

Research Progress in Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia (V)

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 23-49

  Scheff, Stephen W ^a   Ginsberg, Stephen D ^b   Counts, Scott E ^c   Mufson, Elliott J ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

^b NEW YORK UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84895234670     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (148)

1. Ansari, M. A., Scheff, S. W.;1; Oxidative stress in the progression of Alzheimer disease in the frontal cortex. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 69: 155-67, 2010.
2. Ansari, M. A., Scheff, S. W.;1; NADPH-oxidase activation and cognition in Alzheimer disease progression. Free Radic Biol Med 51: 171-8, 2011.
3. Aoki, C., Sekino, Y., Hanamura, K., Fujisawa, S., Mahadomrongkul, V., Ren, Y., Shirao, T.;1; Drebrin A is a postsynaptic protein that localizes in vivo to the submembranous surface of dendritic sites forming excitatory synapses. J Comp Neurol 483: 383-402.
4. Balaban, R. S., Nemoto, S., Finkel, T.;1; Mitochondria, oxidants, and aging. Cell 120: 483-95, 2005.
5. Bell, K. F., Claudio Cuello, A.;1; Altered synaptic function in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 545: 11-21, 2006.
6. Bell, K. F., Bennett, D. A., Cuello, A. C.;1; Paradoxical upregulation of glutamatergic presynaptic boutons during mild cognitive impairment. J Neurosci 27: 10810-7, 2007.
7. Benfenati, F., Valtorta, F., Rossi, M. C., Onofri, F., Sihra, T., Greengard, P.;1; Interactions of synapsin I with phospholipids J Cell Biol 123: 1845-55, 1993.
8. Bennett, D. A., Wilson, R. S., Schneider, J. A., Evans, D. A., Beckett, L. A., Aggarwal, N. T., Barnes, L. L., Fox, J. H., Bach, J.;1; Natural history of mild cognitive impairment in older persons. Neurology 59: 198-205, 2002.
9. Bennett, D. A., Schneider, J. A., Bienias, J. L., Evans, D. A., Wilson, R. S.;1; Mild cognitive impairment is related to Alzheimer disease pathology and cerebral infarctions. Neurology 64: 834-41, 2005.
10. Bertoni-Freddari, C., Fattoretti, P., Casoli, T., Meier-Ruge, W., Ulrich, J.;1; Morphological adaptive response of the synaptic junctional zones in the human dentate gyrus during aging and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Research 517: 69-75, 1990.
11. Blalock, E. M., Geddes, J. W., Chen, K. C., Porter, N. M., Markesbery, W.,R., Landfield, P. W.;1; Incipient Alzheimer's disease: microarray correlation Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 101: 2173-8, 2004.
12. Blessed, G., Tomlinson, B. E., Roth, M.;1; The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile change in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects. Br J Psychiatry 114: 797-811, 1968.
13. Braak, H., Braak, E.;1; Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes. Acta Neuropathol 82: 239-59, 1991.
14. Braak, H., Braak, E.;1; Frequency of stages of Alzheimer-related lesions in different age categories. Neurobiol Aging 18: 351-7, 1997.
15. Bruce-Keller, A. J., Gupta, S., Parrino, T. E., Knight, A. G., Ebenezer, P. J., Weidner, A. M., LeVine, H., 3rd, Keller, J. N., Markesbery, W. R.;1; NOX activity is increased in mild cognitive impairment. Antioxid Redox Signal 12: 1371-82, 2010.
16. Bowen, D. M., Benton, J. S., Spillane, J. A., Smith, C. C., Allen, S. J.;1; Choline acetyltransferase activity and histopathology of frontal neocortex from biopsies of demented patients. J Neurol Sci 57: 191-202, 1982.
17. Cabalka, L. M., Hyman, B. T., Goodlett, C. R., Ritchie, T. C., Van Hoesen, G. W.;1; Alteration in the pattern of nerve terminal protein immunoreactivity in the perforant pathway in Alzheimer's disease and in rats after entorhinal lesions. Neurobiology of Aging 13: 283-291, 1992.
18. Callahan, L. M., Coleman, P. D.;1; Neurons bearing neurofibrillary tangles are responsible for selected synaptic deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 16: 311-4, 1995.
19. Callahan, L. M, Vaules, W. A., Coleman, P. D.;1; Quantitative decrease in synaptophysin message expression and increase in cathepsin D message expression in Alzheimer disease neurons J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 58: 275-87, 1999.
20. Calabrese, B., Shaked, G. M., Tabarean, I. V., Braga, J., Koo, E. H., Halpain, S.,;1; Rapid, concurrent alterations in pre- and postsynaptic structure induced by naturally-secreted amyloid-beta protein. Mol Cell Neurosci 35: 183-93, 2007.
21. Cipriani, G., Dolciotti, C., Picchi, L.Bonuccelli, U.;1; Alzheimer and his disease: a brief history. Neurol Sci 32: 275-9, 2011.
22. Colangelo, V., Schurr, J., Ball, M. J., Pelaez, R. P., Bazan, N. G., Lukiw, W. J.;1; Gene expression profiling of 12633 genes in Alzheimer hippocampal CA1: transcription and neurotrophic factor down-regulation and up-regulation of apoptotic and pro-inflammatory signaling. JNeurosci Res 70: 462-73, 2002.
23. Counts, S. E., Nadeem, M., Lad, S. P., Wuu, J., Mufson, E. J.;1; Differential expression of synaptic proteins in the frontal and temporal cortex of elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 65: 592-601, 2006.
24. Counts, S. E., Perez, S. E., Ginsberg, S. D., Mufson, E. J.;1; Neuroprotective role for galanin in Alzheimer's disease. EXS 102: 143-62, 2010.
25. Counts, S. E., He, B., Nadeem, M, Wuu, J., Mufson, E. J.;1; Hippocampal drebrin loss in mildcognitive impairment. Neurobio Dis, 2011.
26. Cummings, B. J., Cotman, C. W.;1; Image analysis of beta-amyloid load in Alzheimer's disease and relation to dementia severity. Lancet 346: 1524-8, 1995.
27. Davidsson, P., Blennow, K.;1; Neurochemical dissection of synaptic pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Int Psychogeriatr 10: 11-23, 1998.
28. Davis, K. L., Mohs, R. C., Marin, D., Purohit, D. P., Perl, D. P., Lantz, M., Austin, G., Haroutunian, V.;1; Cholinergic markers in elderly patients with early signs of Alzheimer disease. Jama 281: 1401-6, 1999.
29. De Felice, F. G., Velasco, P. T., Lambert, M. P., Viola, K., Fernandez, S. J., Ferreira, S. T., Klein, W. L.;1; Abeta oligomers induce neuronal oxidative stress through an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent mechanism that is blocked by the Alzheimer drug memantine. J Biol Chem 282: 11590-601, 2007.
30. de la Monte, S. M., Wands, J. R.;1; Molecular indices of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction occur early and often progress with severity of Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 9: 167-81, 2006.
31. de Toledo-Morrell, L., Stoub, T. R., Wang, C.;1; Hippocampal atrophy Prog Brain Res 163: 741-53, 2007.
32. DeKosky, S. T., Scheff, S. W.;1; Synapse loss in frontal cortex biopsies in Alzheimer's disease: correlation with cognitive severity. Ann Neurol 27: 457-64, 1990.
33. DeKosky, S. T., Ikonomovic, M. D., Styren, S. D., Beckett, L., Wisniewski, S., Bennett, D. A., Cochran, E. J., Kordower, J. H., Mufson, E. J.;1; Upregulation of choline acetyltransferase activity in hippocampus and frontal cortex of elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol 51: 145-55, 2002.
34. Ferretti, M. T., Cuello, A. C.;1; Does a pro-inflammatory process precede Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment? Curr Alzheimer Res 8: 164-74, 2011.
35. Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., McHugh, P. R.;1; "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 12: 189-98, 1975.
36. Forero, D. A., Casadesus, G., Perry, G. Arboleda, H.;1; Synaptic dysfunction and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease: emerging mechanisms. J Cell Mol Med 10: 796-805, 2006.
37. Geslani, D. M., Tierney, M. C., Herrmann, N., Szalai, J. P.;1; Mild cognitive impairment: an operational definition and its conversion rate to Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 19: 383-9, 2005.
38. Giannakopoulos, P., Hof, P. R., Giannakopoulos, A. S., Herrmann, F. R., Michel, J. P., Bouras, C.;1; Regional distribution Arch Neurol 52: 1150-9, 1995.
39. Ginsberg, S. D., Hemby, S. E., Lee, V. M., Eberwine, J. H., Trojanowski, J. Q.;1; Expression profile of transcripts in Alzheimer's disease tangle-bearing CA1 neurons. Ann Neurol 48: 77-87, 2000.
40. Gómez-Isla, T., Price, J. L., McKeel, D. W., Jr, Morris, J. C., Growdon, J. H., Hyman, B. T.;1; Profound loss of layer II entorhinal cortex J Neurosci 16: 4491-500, 1996.
41. Goto, S., Hirano, A.;1; Neuronal inputs to hippocampal formation in Alzheimer's disease and in parkinsonism-dementia complex on Guam. Acta Neuropathol 79: 545-550, 1990.
42. Grundman, M., Petersen, R. C., Ferris, S. H., Thomas, R. G., Aisen, P. S., Bennett, D. A., Foster, N. L., Jack, C. R., Jr., Galasko, D. R., Doody, R., Kaye, J., Sano, M., Mohs, R., Gauthier, S., Kim, H. T., Jin, S., Schultz, A. N., Schafer, K., Mulnard, R., van Dyck, C. H., Mintzer, J., Zamrini, E. Y., Cahn-Weiner, D.Thal, L. J.;1; Mild cognitive impairment can be distinguished from Alzheimer disease and normal aging for clinical trials. Arch Neurol 61: 59-66, 2004.
43. Hamos, J., DeGennaro, L., Drachman, D.;1; Synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Neurology 39: 355-361, 1989.
44. Hardy, J. A., Higgins, G. A.;1; Alzheimer's disease: the amyloid cascade hypothesis. Science 256: 184-5, 1992.
45. Harper, M. E., Bevilacqua, L., Hagopian, K., Weindruch, R., Ramsey, J. J.;1; Ageing, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial uncoupling. Acta Physiol Scand 182: 321-31, 2004.
46. Hatanpaa, K., Isaacs, K. R., Shirao, T., Brady, D. R., Rapoport, S. I.;1; Loss of proteins regulating synaptic plasticity in normal aging of the human brain and in Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 58: 637-43, 1999.
47. Hauptmann, S., Scherping, I., Drose, S., Brandt, U., Schulz, K. L., Jendrach, M., Leuner, K., Eckert, A., Muller, W. E.;1; Mitochondrial dysfunction: an early event in Alzheimer pathology accumulates with age in AD transgenic mice. Neurobiol Aging 30: 1574-86, 2009.
48. Hayashi, K., Ishikawa, R., Ye, L. H., He, X. L., Takata, K., Kohama, K., Shirao, T.;1; Modulatory role of drebrin on the cytoskeleton within dendritic spines in the rat cerebral cortex. J Neurosci 16: 7161-70, 1996.
49. Heinonen, O., Soininen, H., Sorvari, H., Kosunen, O., Paljarvi, L., Koivisto, E., Riekkinen, P. J.;1; Loss of synaptophysin-like immunoreactivity in the hippocampal formation is an early phenomenon in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 64: 375-384, 1995.
50. Henry, J. D., Crawford, J. R., Phillips, L. H.;1; Verbal fluency performance in dementia of the Alzheimer's type: a meta-analysis. Neuropsychologia 42: 1212-22, 2004.
51. Hirai, K., Aliev, G., Nunomura, A., Fujioka, H., Russell, R. L., Atwood, C. S., Johnson, A. B., Kress, Y., Vinters, H. V., Tabaton, M., Shimohama, S., Cash, A. D., Siedlak, S. L., Harris, P. L., Jones, P. K., Petersen, R. B., Perry, G., Smith, M. A.;1; Mitochondrial abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 21: 3017-23, 2001.
52. Ho, L., Guo, Y., Spielman, L., Petrescu, O., Haroutunian, V., Purohit, D., Czernik, A., Yemul, S., Aisen, P. S., Mohs, R., Pasinetti, G. M.;1; Altered expression of a-type but not b-type synapsin isoform in the brain of patients at high risk for Alzheimer's disease assessed by DNA microarray technique. Neuroscience Letters 9: 191-4, 2001.
53. Hofman, A., Rocca, W. A., Brayne, C., Breteler, M. M., Clarke, M., Cooper, B., Copeland, J. R., Dartigues, J. F., da Silva Droux, A., Hagnell, O. et al.;1; The prevalence of dementia in Europe: a collaborative study of 1980-1990 findings. Eurodem Prevalence Research Group. Int J Epidemiol 20: 736-48, 1991.
54. Honer, W. G., Dickson, D. W., Gleeson, J., Davies, P.;1; Regional synaptic pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging 13: 375-382, 1992.
55. Hyman, B. T., Trojanowski, J. Q.;1; Consensus recommendations for the postmortem diagnosis of Alzheimer disease from the National Institute on Aging and the Reagan Institute Working Group on diagnostic criteria for the neuropathological assessment of Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 56: 1095-7, 1997.
56. Ingelsson, M., Fukumoto, H., Newell, K. L., Growdon, J. H., Hedley-Whyte, E. T., Frosch, M. P., Albert, M. S., Hyman, B. T., Irizarry, M. C. Early;1; Abeta accumulation and progressive synaptic loss, gliosis, and tangle formation in AD brain. Neurology 62: 925-31, 2004.
57. Jorm, A. F., Jolley, D.;1; The incidence of dementia: a meta-analysis. Neurology 51: 728-33, 1998.
58. Kennedy, M. B., Beale, H. C., Carlisle, H. J., Washburn, L. R.;1; Integration of biochemical signalling in spines. Nat Rev Neurosci 6: 423-34, 2005.
59. Klein, W. L., Krafft, G. A., Finch, C. E.;1; Targeting small Abeta oligomers: the solution to an Alzheimer's disease conundrum? Trends Neurosci 24: 219-24, 2001.
60. Klein, W. L.;1; Synaptic targeting by A beta oligomers (ADDLS) as a basis for memory loss in early Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2: 43-55, 2006.
61. Kneussel, M.;1; Motor-cargo interactions involved in transport of synaptic proteins. In: Dityatev, A. and El-Husseini, A. (Ed.) Molecular mechanisms of synaptogenesis. Springer, 2006. pp. 197-208.
62. Kordower, J. H., Chu, Y., Stebbins, G. T., DeKosky, S. T., Cochran, E. J., Bennett, D., Mufson, E. J.;1; Loss and atrophy Ann Neurol 49:202-13, 2001.
63. Lacor, P. N., Buniel, M. C., Chang, L., Fernandez, S. J., Gong, Y., Viola, K. L., Lambert, M. P., Velasco, P. T., Bigio, E. H., Finch, C. E., Krafft, G. A.Klein, W. L.;1; Synaptic targeting by Alzheimer's-related amyloid beta oligomers. J Neurosci 24: 10191-200, 2004.
64. Lacor, P. N., Buniel, M. C., Furlow, P. W., Clemente, A. S., Velasco, P. T., Wood, M., Viola, K. L., Klein, W. L.;1; Abeta oligomer-induced aberrations in synapse composition, shape, and density provide a molecular basis for loss of connectivity in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 27: 796-807, 2007.
65. Lambert, M. P., Barlow, A. K., Chromy, B. A., Edwards, C., Freed, R., Liosatos, M., Morgan, T. E., Rozovsky, I., Trommer, B., Viola, K. L., Wals, P., Zhang, C., Finch, C. E., Krafft, G. A., Klein, W. L.;1; Diffusible, nonfibrillar ligands derived from Abeta1-42 are potent central nervous system neurotoxins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 6448-53, 1998.
66. Lambeth, J. D.;1; NOX enzymes and the biology of reactive oxygen. Nat Rev Immunol 4: 181-9, 2004.
67. Larrieu, S., Letenneur, L., Orgogozo, J. M., Fabrigoule, C., Amieva, H., Le Carret, N., Barberger-Gateau, P., Dartigues, J. F.;1; Incidence and outcome of mild cognitive impairment in a population-based prospective cohort. Neurology 59: 1594-9, 2002.
68. Lassmann, H., Weiler, R., Fischer, P., Bancher, C., Jellinger, K., Floor, E., Danielczyk, W., Seitelberger, F., Winkler, H.;1; Synaptic pathology in Alzheimer's disease: immunological data for markers of synaptic and large dense-core vesicles. Neuroscience 46: 1-8, 1992.
69. Leuner, K., Hauptmann, S., Abdel-Kader, R., Scherping, I., Keil, U., Strosznajder, J. B., Eckert, A., Muller, W. E.;1; Mitochondrial dysfunction: the first domino in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease? Antioxid Redox Signal 9: 1659-75, 2007.
70. Lippa, C. F., Hamos, J. E., Pulaski-Salo, D., Degennaro, L. J., Drachman, D. A.;1; Alzheimer's disease and aging: effects on perforant pathway perikarya and synapses. Neurobiology of Aging 13: 405-411, 1992.
71. Liu, F., Grundke-Iqbal, I., Iqbal, K., Gong, C. X.;1; Contributions of protein phosphatases PP1, PP2A, PP2B and PP5 to the regulation of tau Eur J Neurosci. 22: 1942-50, 2005.
72. Lovell, M. A., Markesbery, W. R.;1; Oxidative damage in mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Res 85: 3036-40, 2007.
73. Lovell, M. A.Markesbery, W. R.;1; Oxidative DNA damage in mild cognitive impairment and late-stage Alzheimer's disease. Nucleic Acids Res 35: 7497-504, 2007.
74. Mamelak, M.;1; Alzheimer's disease, oxidative stress and gammahydroxybutyrate. Neurobiol Aging 28: 1340-60, 2007.
75. Manczak, M., Park, B. S., Jung, Y., Reddy, P. H.;1; Differential expression of oxidative phosphorylation genes in patients with Alzheimer's disease: implications for early mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage. Neuromolecular Med 5: 147-62, 2004.
76. Mandelkow, E. M., Stamer, K., Vogel, R., Thies, E., Mandelkow, E.;1; Clogging of axons by tau, inhibition of axonal traffic and starvation of synapses. Neurobiol Aging 24: 1079-85, 2003.
77. Markesbery, W. R.;1; Neuropathologic alterations in mild cognitive impairment: a review. J Alzheimers Dis 19: 221-8, 2010.
78. Markesbery, W. R., Carney, J. M.;1; Oxidative alterations in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 9: 133-46, 1999.
79. Masliah E., Terry R. D., DeTeresa R. M., Hansen L. A.;1; Immunohistochemical quantification of the synapse-related protein synaptophysin in Alzheimer disease. Neurosci Lett 103: 234-9, 1989.
80. Masliah, E., Mallory, M., Hansen, L., DeTeresa, R., Alford, M.Terry, R.;1; Synaptic and neuritic alterations during the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 174: 67-72, 1994.
81. Masliah, E., Mallory, M., Alford, M., DeTeresa, R., Hansen, L. A., McKeel, D. W., Jr., Morris, J. C.;1; Altered expression of synaptic proteins occurs early during progression of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 56: 127-9, 2001.
82. Merrick, S. E., Trojanowski, J. Q., Lee, V. M.;1; Selective destruction of stable microtubules and axons by inhibitors of protein serine/threonine phosphatases in cultured human neurons. J Neurosci 17: 5726-37, 1997.
83. Minger, S. L., Honer, W. G., Esiri, M. M., McDonald, B., Keene, J., Nicoll, J. A., Carter, J., Hope, T., Francis, P. T.;1; Synaptic pathology in prefrontal cortex is present only with severe dementia in Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 60: 929-36, 2001.
84. Mirra, S. S., Heyman, A., McKeel, D., Sumi, S. M., Crain, B. J., Brownlee, L. M., Vogel, F. S., Hughes, J. P., van Belle, G., Berg, L.;1; The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part II. Standardization of the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 41: 479-86, 1991.
85. Morris, J. C., Storandt, M., Miller, J. P., McKeel, D. W., Price, J. L., Rubin, E. H., Berg, L.;1; Mild cognitive impairment represents early-stage Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 58: 397-405, 2001.
86. Morrison, J. H., Hof, P. R.;1; Selective vulnerability Prog Brain Res 136: 467-86, 2002.
87. Mosconi, L., Pupi, A., De Leon, M. J.;1; Brain glucose hypometabolism and oxidative stress in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1147: 180-95, 2008.
88. Mufson, E. J., Ma, S. Y., Cochran, E. J., Bennett, D. A., Beckett, L. A., Jaffar, S., Saragovi, H. U., Kordower, J. H.;1; Loss of nucleus basalis neurons containing trkA immunoreactivity in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease. J Comp Neurol 427: 19-30, 2000.
89. Mufson, E. J., Counts, S. E., Perez, S. E., Ginsberg, S. D.;1; Cholinergic system during the progression of Alzheimer's disease: therapeutic implications. Expert Rev Neurother 8: 1703-18, 2008.
90. Mukaetova-Ladinska, E. B., Garcia-Siera, F., Hurt, J., Gertz, H. J., Xuereb, J. H, Hills, R., Brayne, C., Huppert, F. A., Paykel, E. S., McGee, M.;1; Staging of cytoskeletal and beta-amyloid changes in human isocortex reveals biphasic synaptic protein response during progression of Alzheimer's disease. Am J Pathol 157: 623-36, 2000.
91. Murthy, V. N., De Camilli, P.;1; Cell biology of the presynaptic terminal. Annu Rev Neurosci 26: 701-28, 2003.
92. Nunomura, A., Perry, G., Aliev, G., Hirai, K., Takeda, A., Balraj, E. K., Jones, P. K., Ghanbari, H., Wataya, T., Shimohama, S., Chiba, S., Atwood, C. S., Petersen, R. B., Smith, M. A.;1; Oxidative damage is the earliest event in Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 60: 759-67, 2001.
93. Palmer, A. M., Burns, M. A.;1; Selective increase in lipid peroxidation in the inferior temporal cortex in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 645: 338-42, 1994.
94. Pennuto, M., Bonanomi, D., Benfenati, F., Valtorta, F.;1; Synaptophysin I controls the targeting of VAMP2/synaptobrevin II to synaptic vesicles. Mol Biol Cell 14: 4909-19, 2003.
95. Perry, G., Nunomura, A., Hirai, K., Zhu, X., Perez, M., Avila, J., Castellani, R. J., Atwood, C. S., Aliev, G., Sayre, L. M., Takeda, A., Smith, M. A.;1; Is oxidative damage the fundamental pathogenic mechanism of Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases? Free Radic Biol Med 33: 1475-9, 2002.
96. Petersen, R. C., Stevens, J. C., Ganguli, M., Tangalos, E. G., Cummings, J. L., DeKosky, S. T.;1; Practice parameter: early detection of dementia: mild cognitive impairment (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 56: 1133-42, 2001.
97. Petersen, R. C.;1; Conceptual Overview. In: Petersen, R. C. (Ed.) Mild cognitive impairment. Oxford University Press, 2003. pp. 1-14; 15-39.
98. Petersen, R. C.;1; Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. J Intern Med 256: 183-94, 2004.
99. Petersen, R. C., Parisi, J. E., Dickson, D. W., Johnson, K. A., Knopman, D. S., Boeve, B. F., Jicha, G. A., Ivnik, R. J., Smith, G. E., Tangalos, E. G., Braak, H., Kokmen, E.;1; Neuropathologic features of amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Arch Neurol 63: 665-72, 2006.
100. Price, D. L., Thinakaran, G., Borchelt, D. R., Martin, L. J., Crain, B. J., Sisodia, S. S., Troncoso, J. C.;1; Neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease and animal models. In: Markesbery, W. R. (Ed.) Neuropathology of dementing disorders. Oxford University Press, 1998. pp. 121-141.
101. Price, J. L., Morris, J. C.;1; Tangles and plaques in nondemented aging and "preclinical" Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 45: 358-68, 1999.
102. Reddy, P. H., Mani, G., Park, B. S., Jacques, J., Murdoch, G., Whetsell, W., Jr., Kaye, J., Manczak, M.;1; Differential loss of synaptic proteins in Alzheimer's disease: implications for synaptic dysfunction. J Alzheimers Dis 7: 103-17; discussion 173-80, 2005.
103. Rowan, M. J., Klyubin, I., Wang, Q., Anwyl, R.;1; Mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of amyloid beta-protein on synaptic plasticity. Exp Gerontol 39: 1661-7, 2004.
104. Sassin, I., Schultz, C., Thal, D. R., Rüb, U., Arai, K., Braak, E., Braak, H.;1; Evolution of Alzheimer's disease-related cytoskeletal changes in the basal nucleus Acta Neuropathol 100: 259-69, 2000.
105. Scheff, S. W., DeKosky, S. T.Price, D. A.;1; Quantitative assessment of cortical synaptic density in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 11: 29-37, 1990.
106. Scheff, S. W., Price, D. A.;1; Synapse loss in the temporal lobe in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 33: 190-9, 1993.
107. Scheff, S. W., Sparks, D. L., Price, D. A.;1; Quantitative assessment of synaptic density in the outer molecular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in Alzheimer's disease. Dementia 7: 213-220, 1996.
108. Scheff, S. W., Price, D. A.;1; Synaptic density in the inner molecular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 57: 1146-53, 1998.
109. Scheff, S. W., Price, D. A.;1; Alzheimer's disease-related synapse loss in the cingulate cortex. J Alzheimers Dis 3: 495-505, 2001.
110. Scheff, S. W., Price, D. A.;1; Synaptic pathology in Alzheimer's disease: a review of ultrastructural studies. Neurobiol Aging 24: 1029-46, 2003.
111. Scheff, S. W., Price, D.;1; Alzheimer's disease-related alterations in synaptic density: neocortex and hippocampus. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease (in press), 2006.
112. Scheff, S. W., Price, D. A., Schmitt, F. A., DeKosky, S. T., Mufson, E. J.;1; Synaptic alterations in CA1 in mild Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment. Neurology 68: 1501-8, 2007.
113. Scheff, S. W., Price, D. A., Schmitt, F. A., Scheff, M. A., Mufson, E. J.;1; Synaptic loss in the inferior temporal gyrus in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. J. Alzheimers Dis. 24: 547-57, 2011.
114. Schmitt, F. A., Davis, D. G., Wekstein, D. R., Smith, C. D., Ashford, J. W., Markesbery, W. R.;1; "Preclinical" AD revisited: neuropathology of cognitively normal older adults. Neurology 55: 370-6, 2000.
115. Schneider, J. A., Arvanitakis, Z., Leurgans, S. E.Bennett, D. A.;1; The neuropathology of probable Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol 66: 200-8, 2009.
116. Selkoe, D. J.;1; Alzheimer's disease is a synaptic failure. Science 298: 789-91, 2002.
117. Shimohama, S., Kamiya, S., Taniguchi, T., Akagawa, K., Kimura, J.;1; Differential involvement of synaptic vesicle and presynaptic plasma membrane proteins in Alzheimer's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 236: 239-42, 1997.
118. Shimohama, S., Tanino, H., Kawakami, N., Okamura, N., Kodama, H., Yamaguchi, T., Hayakawa, T., Nunomura, A., Chiba, S., Perry, G., Smith, M. A., Fujimoto, S.;1; Activation of NADPH oxidase in Alzheimer's disease brains. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 273: 5-9, 2000.
119. Shirao, T., Inoue, H. K., Kano, Y., Obata, K.;1; Localization of a developmentally regulated neuron-specific protein S54 in dendrites as revealed by immunoelectron microscopy. Brain Res 413: 374-8, 1987.
120. Shim, K. S., Lubec, G.;1; Drebrin, a dendritic spine protein, is manifold decreased in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. Neurosci Lett 324: 209-12, 2002.
121. Simic, G., Kostovic, I., Winglad, B., Bogdanovic, N.;1; Volume and number of neurons of the human hippocampal formation in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Comparative Neurology 379: 482-494, 1997.
122. Stamer, K., Vogel, R., Thies, E., Mandelkow, E., Mandelkow, E. M.;1; Tau blocks traffic of organelles, neurofilaments, and APP vesicles in neurons and enhances oxidative stress. J Cell Biol 156: 1051-63, 2002.
123. Sudhof, T. C.;1; The synaptic vesicle cycle. Annu Rev Neurosci 27: 509-47, 2004.
124. Sultana, R., Banks, W. A., Butterfield, D. A.;1; Decreased levels of PSD95 and two associated proteins and increased levels of BCl2 and caspase 3 in hippocampus from subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: Insights into their potential roles for loss of synapses and memory, accumulation of Abeta, and neurodegeneration in a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Res 88: 469-77, 2010.
125. Sze, C. I., Bi, H., Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, B. K., Filley, C. M., Martin, L. J.;1; Selective regional loss of exocytotic presynaptic vesicle proteins in Alzheimer's disease brains. J Neurol Sci 175: 81-90, 2000.
126. Swerdlow, R. H., Burns, J. M., Khan, S. M.;1; The Alzheimer's disease mitochondrial cascade hypothesis. J Alzheimers Dis 20 Suppl 2: S265-79, 2010.
127. Takahashi H., Sekino Y., Tanaka S., Mizui T., Kishi S., Shirao T.;1; Drebrin-dependent actin clustering in dendritic filopodia governs synaptic targeting of postsynaptic density-95 and dendritic spine morphogenesis. J Neurosci 23: 6586-95, 2003.
128. Takahashi, H., Mizui, T., Shirao, T.;1; Down-regulation of drebrin A expression suppresses synaptic targeting of NMDA receptors in developing hippocampal neurones. J Neurochem Suppl 1: 110-5, 2006.
129. Tanzi, R. E.;1; The synaptic Abeta hypothesis of Alzheimer disease. Nat Neurosci 8: 977-9, 2005.
130. Terry, R. D., Masliah, E., Salmon, D. P. Butters, N., DeTeresa, R., Hill, R., Hansen, L. A., Katzman, R.;1; Physical basis of cognitive alterations in Alzheimer's disease: synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol 30: 572-80, 1991.
131. Thal, D. R., Rub, U., Orantes, M., Braak, H.;1; Phases of A beta-deposition in the human brain and its relevance for the development of AD. Neurology 58: 1791-800, 2002.
132. Tillement, L., Lecanu, L., Papadopoulos, V.;1; Alzheimer's disease: effects of beta-amyloid on mitochondria. Mitochondrion 11: 13-21, 2011.
133. Tiraboschi, P., Hansen, L. A., Alford, M., Masliah, E., Thal, L. J., Corey-Bloom, J.;1; The decline in synapses and cholinergic activity is asynchronous in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 55: 1278-83, 2000.
134. Valla, J., Berndt, J. D., Gonzalez-Lima, F.;1; Energy hypometabolism in posterior cingulate cortex of Alzheimer's patients: superficial laminar cytochrome oxidase associated with disease duration. J Neurosci 21: 4923-30, 2001.
135. Wakabayaski, K., Honer, W. G., Masliah, E.;1; Synapse alterations in the hippocampal-entorhinal function in Alzheimer's disease with and without Lewy body disease. Brain Research 667: 24-32, 1994.
136. Walsh, D. M., Klyubin, I., Fadeeva, J. V., Cullen, W. K., Anwyl, R., Wolfe, M. S., Rowan, M. J., Selkoe, D. J.;1; Naturally secreted oligomers of amyloid beta protein potently inhibit hippocampal long-term potentiation in vivo. Nature 416: 535-9, 2002.
137. Wang, H. W., Pasternak, J. F., Kuo, H., Ristic, H., Lambert, M. P., Chromy, B., Viola, K. L., Klein, W. L., Stine, W. B., Krafft, G. A., Trommer, B. L.;1; Soluble oligomers of beta amyloid (1-42) inhibit long-term potentiation but not long-term depression in rat dentate gyrus. Brain Res 924: 133-40, 2002.
138. Wang, J., Xiong, S., Xie, C., Markesbery, W. R., Lovell, M. A.;1; Increased oxidative damage in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 93: 953-62, 2005.
139. Wang, J., Markesbery, W. R., Lovell, M. A.;1; Increased oxidative damage in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in mild cognitive impairment. J Neurochem 96: 825-32, 2006.
140. Wang, X., Su, B., Siedlak, S. L., Moreira, P. I., Fujioka, H., Wang, Y., Casadesus, G., Zhu, X.;1; Amyloid-beta overproduction causes abnormal mitochondrial dynamics via differential modulation of mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105: 19318-23, 2008.
141. West, M. J., Coleman, P. D., Flood, D. G., Troncoso, J. C.;1; Differences in the pattern of hippocampal neuronal loss in normal ageing and alzheimer's disease. The Lancet 344: 769-772, 1994.
142. West, M. J., Kawas, C. H., Martin, L. J., Troncoso, J. C.;1; The CA1 region of the human hippocampus is a hot spot in Alzheimer's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 908: 255-9, 2000.
143. West, M. J., Kawas, C. H., Stewart, W. F., Rudow, G. L., Troncoso, J. C.;1; Hippocampal neurons in pre-clinical Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 25: 1205-12, 2004.
144. Winblad, B., Palmer, K., Kivipelto, M., Jelic, V., Fratiglioni, L., Wahlund, L. O., Nordberg, A., Backman, L., Albert, M., Almkvist, O., Arai, H., Basun, H., Blennow, K., de Leon, M., DeCarli, C., Erkinjuntti, T., Giacobini, E., Graff, C., Hardy, J., Jack, C., Jorm, A., Ritchie, K., van Duijn, C., Visser, P., Petersen, R. C.;1; Mild cognitive impairment--beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Intern Med 256: 240-6, 2004.
145. Yao, P. J., Zhu, M., Pyun, E. I., Brooks, A. I., Therianos, S., Meyers, V. E., Coleman, P. D.;1; Defects in expression of genes related to synaptic vesicle trafficking in frontal cortex of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 12: 97-109, 2003.
146. Yoshihara, M., Littleton, J. T.;1; Synaptotagmin I functions as a calcium sensor to synchronize neurotransmitter release. Neuron 36: 897-908, 2002.
147. Zhan, S.-S., Beyreuther, K., Schmitt, H. P.;1; Quantitative assessment of the synaptophysin immuno-reactivity of the cortical neuropil in various neurodegenerative disorders with dementia. Dementia 4: 66-74, 1993.
148. Zhu, X., Lee, H. G., Perry, G., Smith, M. A.;1; Alzheimer disease, the two-hit hypothesis: an update. Biochim Biophys Acta 1772: 494-502, 2007.