메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 11, 2008, Pages 1703-1718

Cholinergic system during the progression of Alzheimer's disease: Therapeutic implications

Author keywords

Acetylcholine receptor; Alzheimer's disease; Anticholinesterase; Basal forebrain; Choline acetyltransferase; Cholinergic; Galanin; Gene therapy; Mild cognitive impairment; NGF; Nucleus basalis; p75NTR receptor; Proneurotrophin; Sortilin; Tau; TrkA receptor

Indexed keywords

CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR; DIMEBON; DONEPEZIL; GALANIN; GALANIN RECEPTOR; GALANTAMINE; HUPERZINE A; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 9 INHIBITOR; MUSCARINIC M1 RECEPTOR AGONIST; NERVE GROWTH FACTOR; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLE INHIBITOR; NEUROTROPHIN; PROTEIN P75; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE A; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE A AGONIST; RIVASTIGMINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 55849111494     PISSN: 14737175     EISSN: 17448360     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/14737175.8.11.1703     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (491)

References (197)
  • 1
    • 33847206771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease: Progress in the development of antiamyloid disease-modifying therapies
    • Christensen DD. Alzheimer's disease: progress in the development of antiamyloid disease-modifying therapies. CNS Spectr. 12(2), 113-116, 119-123 (2007).
    • (2007) CNS Spectr , vol.12 , Issue.2
    • Christensen, D.D.1
  • 2
    • 34248160135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and economic outcomes - friend or foe?
    • Wimo A. Clinical and economic outcomes - friend or foe? Int. Psychogeriatr. 19(3), 497-507 (2007).
    • (2007) Int. Psychogeriatr , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 497-507
    • Wimo, A.1
  • 3
    • 4544335597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity
    • Petersen RC. Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity. J. Intern. Med. 256(3), 183-194 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Intern. Med , vol.256 , Issue.3 , pp. 183-194
    • Petersen, R.C.1
  • 4
    • 4544350756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild cognitive impairment - beyond controversies, towards a consensus: Report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment
    • Winblad B, Palmer K, Kivipelto M et al. Mild cognitive impairment - beyond controversies, towards a consensus: report of the International Working Group on Mild Cognitive Impairment. J. Intern. Med. 256(3), 240-246 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Intern. Med , vol.256 , Issue.3 , pp. 240-246
    • Winblad, B.1    Palmer, K.2    Kivipelto, M.3
  • 5
    • 14644416500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild cognitive impairment is related to Alzheimer disease pathology and cerebral infarctions
    • Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Bienias JL, Evans DA, Wilson RS. Mild cognitive impairment is related to Alzheimer disease pathology and cerebral infarctions. Neurology 64(5), 834-841 (2005).
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , Issue.5 , pp. 834-841
    • Bennett, D.A.1    Schneider, J.A.2    Bienias, J.L.3    Evans, D.A.4    Wilson, R.S.5
  • 6
    • 33645102446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsberg SD, Che S, Counts SE, Mufson EJ. Shift in the ratio of three-repeat tau and four-repeat tau mRNAs in individual cholinergic basal forebrain neurons in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurochem. 96(5), 1401-1408 (2006). • The observed decrease in the expression of three-repeat tau compared to four-repeat tau in cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) and hippocampal CA1 neurons in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but not in normal aging, may have functional implications for neurofibrillary tangle formation.
    • Ginsberg SD, Che S, Counts SE, Mufson EJ. Shift in the ratio of three-repeat tau and four-repeat tau mRNAs in individual cholinergic basal forebrain neurons in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurochem. 96(5), 1401-1408 (2006). • The observed decrease in the expression of three-repeat tau compared to four-repeat tau in cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) and hippocampal CA1 neurons in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but not in normal aging, may have functional implications for neurofibrillary tangle formation.
  • 7
    • 33645301867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Down regulation of trk but not p75NTR gene expression in single cholinergic basal forebrain neurons mark the progression of Alzheimer's disease
    • Selective decreases in trkA, trkB and trkC but not p75NTR gene expression in CBF neurons may represent a shift from prosurvival to proapoptotic NGF signaling during the prodromal stages of AD, ••
    • Ginsberg SD, Che S, Wuu J, Counts SE, Mufson EJ. Down regulation of trk but not p75NTR gene expression in single cholinergic basal forebrain neurons mark the progression of Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurochem. 97(2), 475-487 (2006). •• Selective decreases in trkA, trkB and trkC but not p75NTR gene expression in CBF neurons may represent a shift from prosurvival to proapoptotic NGF signaling during the prodromal stages of AD.
    • (2006) J. Neurochem , vol.97 , Issue.2 , pp. 475-487
    • Ginsberg, S.D.1    Che, S.2    Wuu, J.3    Counts, S.E.4    Mufson, E.J.5
  • 8
    • 30344469658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathologic substrate of mild cognitive impairment
    • Markesbery WR, Schmitt FA, Kryscio RJ et al. Neuropathologic substrate of mild cognitive impairment. Arch. Neurol. 63(1), 38-46 (2006).
    • (2006) Arch. Neurol , vol.63 , Issue.1 , pp. 38-46
    • Markesbery, W.R.1    Schmitt, F.A.2    Kryscio, R.J.3
  • 9
    • 0035099984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild cognitive impairment represents early-stage Alzheimer disease
    • First report to forward the hypothesis that MCI is preclinical AD and not a separate cognitive syndrome, ••
    • Morris JC, Storandt M, Miller JP et al. Mild cognitive impairment represents early-stage Alzheimer disease. Arch. Neurol. 58(3), 397-405 (2001). •• First report to forward the hypothesis that MCI is preclinical AD and not a separate cognitive syndrome.
    • (2001) Arch. Neurol , vol.58 , Issue.3 , pp. 397-405
    • Morris, J.C.1    Storandt, M.2    Miller, J.P.3
  • 10
    • 0242363668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Looking backward to move forward: Early detection of neurodegenerative disorders
    • DeKosky ST, Marek K. Looking backward to move forward: early detection of neurodegenerative disorders. Science 302(5646), 830-834 (2003).
    • (2003) Science , vol.302 , Issue.5646 , pp. 830-834
    • DeKosky, S.T.1    Marek, K.2
  • 11
    • 0036810329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease and the basal forebrain cholinergic system: Relations to β-amyloid peptides, cognition, and treatment strategies
    • Auld DS, Kornecook TJ, Bastianetto S, Quirion R. Alzheimer's disease and the basal forebrain cholinergic system: relations to β-amyloid peptides, cognition, and treatment strategies. Prog. Neurobiol. 68(3), 209-245 (2002).
    • (2002) Prog. Neurobiol , vol.68 , Issue.3 , pp. 209-245
    • Auld, D.S.1    Kornecook, T.J.2    Bastianetto, S.3    Quirion, R.4
  • 12
    • 55849106399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basocortical cholinotrophic dysfunction during the early stages of Alzheimer's disease
    • Iqbal K, Winblad B Eds, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA
    • Mufson EJ, Counts SE. Basocortical cholinotrophic dysfunction during the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. In: Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders: Clinical and Basic Research Advances. Iqbal K, Winblad B (Eds). Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA 204-210 (2004).
    • (2004) Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders: Clinical and Basic Research Advances , pp. 204-210
    • Mufson, E.J.1    Counts, S.E.2
  • 13
    • 0347914568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human cholinergic basal forebrain: Chemoanatomy and neurologic dysfunction
    • Mufson EJ, Ginsberg SD, Ikonomovic MD, DeKosky ST. Human cholinergic basal forebrain: chemoanatomy and neurologic dysfunction. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 26(4), 233-242 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Chem. Neuroanat , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 233-242
    • Mufson, E.J.1    Ginsberg, S.D.2    Ikonomovic, M.D.3    DeKosky, S.T.4
  • 14
    • 34548672350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinotrophic molecular substrates of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly
    • Mufson EJ, Counts SE, Fahnestock M, Ginsberg SD. Cholinotrophic molecular substrates of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly. Curr. Alzheimer Res. 4(4), 340-350 (2007).
    • (2007) Curr. Alzheimer Res , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 340-350
    • Mufson, E.J.1    Counts, S.E.2    Fahnestock, M.3    Ginsberg, S.D.4
  • 15
    • 45849142539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galanin - 25 years with a multitalented neuropeptide: Galanin in Alzheimer's disease: neuroinhibitory or neuroprotective?
    • Counts SE, Perez SE, Mufson EJ. Galanin - 25 years with a multitalented neuropeptide: galanin in Alzheimer's disease: neuroinhibitory or neuroprotective? Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 65(12), 1842-1853 (2008).
    • (2008) Cell. Mol. Life Sci , vol.65 , Issue.12 , pp. 1842-1853
    • Counts, S.E.1    Perez, S.E.2    Mufson, E.J.3
  • 16
    • 0026440987 scopus 로고
    • Cortical biopsy in Alzheimer's disease: Diagnostic accuracy and neurochemical, neuropathological, and cognitive correlations. Intraventricular Bethanecol Study Group
    • DeKosky ST, Harbaugh RE, Schmitt FA et al. Cortical biopsy in Alzheimer's disease: diagnostic accuracy and neurochemical, neuropathological, and cognitive correlations. Intraventricular Bethanecol Study Group. Ann. Neurol. 32(5), 625-632 (1992).
    • (1992) Ann. Neurol , vol.32 , Issue.5 , pp. 625-632
    • DeKosky, S.T.1    Harbaugh, R.E.2    Schmitt, F.A.3
  • 17
    • 0034125843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On neurodegenerative diseases, models, and treatment strategies: Lessons learned and lessons forgotten a generation following the cholinergic hypothesis
    • Excellent review that highlights the importance of cholinergic function in cognition and the impact of cholinergic hypofunction on AD pathogenesis, •
    • Bartus RT. On neurodegenerative diseases, models, and treatment strategies: lessons learned and lessons forgotten a generation following the cholinergic hypothesis. Exp. Neurol. 163(2), 495-529 (2000). • Excellent review that highlights the importance of cholinergic function in cognition and the impact of cholinergic hypofunction on AD pathogenesis.
    • (2000) Exp. Neurol , vol.163 , Issue.2 , pp. 495-529
    • Bartus, R.T.1
  • 18
    • 85136406975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Davis KL, Mohs RC, Marin D et al. Cholinergic markers in elderly patients with early signs of Alzheimer disease. JAMA 281(15), 1401-1406 (1999). • First study to demonstrate that decreases in neocortical choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity are relatively late-stage AD phenomena.
    • Davis KL, Mohs RC, Marin D et al. Cholinergic markers in elderly patients with early signs of Alzheimer disease. JAMA 281(15), 1401-1406 (1999). • First study to demonstrate that decreases in neocortical choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity are relatively late-stage AD phenomena.
  • 19
    • 0036156958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upregulation of choline acetyltransferase activity in hippocampus and frontal cortex of elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment
    • Provides evidence for cholinergic plasticity during the preclinical stages of AD, •
    • DeKosky ST, Ikonomovic MD, Styren SD et al. Upregulation of choline acetyltransferase activity in hippocampus and frontal cortex of elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Ann. Neurol. 51(2), 145-155 (2002). • Provides evidence for cholinergic plasticity during the preclinical stages of AD.
    • (2002) Ann. Neurol , vol.51 , Issue.2 , pp. 145-155
    • DeKosky, S.T.1    Ikonomovic, M.D.2    Styren, S.D.3
  • 20
    • 16844377812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of nerve growth factor receptors in cholinergic basal forebrain degeneration in prodromal Alzheimer disease
    • Counts SE, Mufson EJ. The role of nerve growth factor receptors in cholinergic basal forebrain degeneration in prodromal Alzheimer disease. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 64(4), 263-272 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol , vol.64 , Issue.4 , pp. 263-272
    • Counts, S.E.1    Mufson, E.J.2
  • 21
    • 0029979798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Profound loss of layer II entorhinal cortex neurons occurs in very mild Alzheimer's disease
    • Gomez-Isla T, Price JL, McKeel DW Jr. et al. Profound loss of layer II entorhinal cortex neurons occurs in very mild Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci. 16(14), 4491-4500 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Neurosci , vol.16 , Issue.14 , pp. 4491-4500
    • Gomez-Isla, T.1    Price, J.L.2    McKeel Jr., D.W.3
  • 22
    • 0021145680 scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease: Cell-specific pathology isolates the hippocampal formation
    • Hyman BT, Van Hoesen GW, Damasio AR, Barnes CL. Alzheimer's disease: cell-specific pathology isolates the hippocampal formation. Science 225(4667), 1168-1170 (1984).
    • (1984) Science , vol.225 , Issue.4667 , pp. 1168-1170
    • Hyman, B.T.1    Van Hoesen, G.W.2    Damasio, A.R.3    Barnes, C.L.4
  • 23
    • 0035131830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss and atrophy of layer II entorhinal cortex neurons in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment
    • Kordower JH, Chu Y, Stebbins GT et al. Loss and atrophy of layer II entorhinal cortex neurons in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment. Ann. Neurol. 49(2), 202-213 (2001).
    • (2001) Ann. Neurol , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 202-213
    • Kordower, J.H.1    Chu, Y.2    Stebbins, G.T.3
  • 24
    • 0023095310 scopus 로고
    • Reinnervation of the hippocampal perforant pathway zone in Alzheimer's disease
    • Demonstrates that cholinergic fiber sprouting occurs in the dentate gyrus in AD, possibly in response to deafferentation of glutamatergic perforant pathway fibers emanating from the entorhinal cortex, •
    • Hyman BT, Kromer LJ, Van Hoesen GW. Reinnervation of the hippocampal perforant pathway zone in Alzheimer's disease. Ann. Neurol. 21(3), 259-267 (1987). • Demonstrates that cholinergic fiber sprouting occurs in the dentate gyrus in AD, possibly in response to deafferentation of glutamatergic perforant pathway fibers emanating from the entorhinal cortex.
    • (1987) Ann. Neurol , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 259-267
    • Hyman, B.T.1    Kromer, L.J.2    Van Hoesen, G.W.3
  • 25
    • 0015760852 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic rearrangement in the dentate gyrus: Histochemical evidence of adjustments after lesions in immature and adult rats
    • Cotman CW, Matthews DA, Taylor D, Lynch G. Synaptic rearrangement in the dentate gyrus: histochemical evidence of adjustments after lesions in immature and adult rats. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 70(12), 3473-3477 (1973).
    • (1973) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.70 , Issue.12 , pp. 3473-3477
    • Cotman, C.W.1    Matthews, D.A.2    Taylor, D.3    Lynch, G.4
  • 26
    • 0034843790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecules involved in reactive sprouting in the hippocampus
    • Savaskan NE, Nitsch R. Molecules involved in reactive sprouting in the hippocampus. Rev. Neurosci. 12(3), 195-215 (2001).
    • (2001) Rev. Neurosci , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 195-215
    • Savaskan, N.E.1    Nitsch, R.2
  • 27
    • 0024449354 scopus 로고
    • Loss of nerve growth factor receptor-containing neurons in Alzheimer's disease: A quantitative analysis across subregions of the basal forebrain
    • NTR as a specific marker for cholinergic neurons, ••
    • NTR as a specific marker for cholinergic neurons.
    • (1989) Exp. Neurol , vol.105 , Issue.3 , pp. 221-232
    • Mufson, E.J.1    Bothwell, M.2    Kordower, J.H.3
  • 28
    • 0028873975 scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical correlates of dementia severity in Alzheimer's disease: Relative importance of the cholinergic deficits
    • Bierer LM, Haroutunian V, Gabriel S et al. Neurochemical correlates of dementia severity in Alzheimer's disease: relative importance of the cholinergic deficits. J. Neurochem. 64(2), 749-760 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Neurochem , vol.64 , Issue.2 , pp. 749-760
    • Bierer, L.M.1    Haroutunian, V.2    Gabriel, S.3
  • 29
    • 0037224741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain acetylcholinesterase activity in mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease
    • Rinne JO, Kaasinen V, Jarvenpaa T et al. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity in mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 74(1), 113-115 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.74 , Issue.1 , pp. 113-115
    • Rinne, J.O.1    Kaasinen, V.2    Jarvenpaa, T.3
  • 30
    • 0033867948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive loss of cortical acetylcholinesterase activity in association with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: A positron emission tomography study
    • Shinotoh H, Namba H, Fukushi K et al. Progressive loss of cortical acetylcholinesterase activity in association with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: a positron emission tomography study. Ann. Neurol. 48(2), 194-200 (2000).
    • (2000) Ann. Neurol , vol.48 , Issue.2 , pp. 194-200
    • Shinotoh, H.1    Namba, H.2    Fukushi, K.3
  • 31
    • 3142547230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic enhancement of frontal lobe activity in mild cognitive impairment
    • Saykin AJ, Wishart HA, Rabin LA et al. Cholinergic enhancement of frontal lobe activity in mild cognitive impairment. Brain 127(Pt 7), 1574-1583 (2004).
    • (2004) Brain , vol.127 , Issue.PART 7 , pp. 1574-1583
    • Saykin, A.J.1    Wishart, H.A.2    Rabin, L.A.3
  • 32
    • 0027337833 scopus 로고
    • Neurological cholinesterases in the normal brain and in Alzheimer's disease: Relationship to plaques, tangles, and patterns of selective vulnerability
    • Wright CI, Geula C, Mesulam MM. Neurological cholinesterases in the normal brain and in Alzheimer's disease: relationship to plaques, tangles, and patterns of selective vulnerability. Ann. Neurol. 34(3), 373-384 (1993).
    • (1993) Ann. Neurol , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 373-384
    • Wright, C.I.1    Geula, C.2    Mesulam, M.M.3
  • 33
    • 20244371673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rate of progression of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: Effect of butyrylcholinesterase K gene variation
    • Holmes C, Ballard C, Lehmann D et al. Rate of progression of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: effect of butyrylcholinesterase K gene variation. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 76(5), 640-643 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.76 , Issue.5 , pp. 640-643
    • Holmes, C.1    Ballard, C.2    Lehmann, D.3
  • 34
    • 0037375876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinesterases: New roles in brain function and in Alzheimer's disease
    • Giacobini E. Cholinesterases: new roles in brain function and in Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem. Res. 28(3-4), 515-522 (2003).
    • (2003) Neurochem. Res , vol.28 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 515-522
    • Giacobini, E.1
  • 36
    • 0036202343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in the pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer's disease
    • Gauthier S. Advances in the pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer's disease. CMAJ 166(5), 616-623 (2002).
    • (2002) CMAJ , vol.166 , Issue.5 , pp. 616-623
    • Gauthier, S.1
  • 37
    • 0011162190 scopus 로고
    • Selective loss of central cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease
    • Davies P, Maloney AJ. Selective loss of central cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 2(8000), 1403 (1976).
    • (1976) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.8000 , pp. 1403
    • Davies, P.1    Maloney, A.J.2
  • 38
    • 0021802167 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal pathology in the nucleus basalis and associated cell groups in senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type: Possible role in cell loss
    • Saper CB, German DC, White CL III. Neuronal pathology in the nucleus basalis and associated cell groups in senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type: possible role in cell loss. Neurology 35(8), 1089-1095 (1985).
    • (1985) Neurology , vol.35 , Issue.8 , pp. 1089-1095
    • Saper, C.B.1    German, D.C.2    White III, C.L.3
  • 39
    • 0019410162 scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer disease: Evidence for selective loss of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis
    • Whitehouse PJ, Price DL, Clark AW, Coyle JT, DeLong MR. Alzheimer disease: evidence for selective loss of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis. Ann. Neurol. 10(2), 122-126 (1981).
    • (1981) Ann. Neurol , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 122-126
    • Whitehouse, P.J.1    Price, D.L.2    Clark, A.W.3    Coyle, J.T.4    DeLong, M.R.5
  • 40
    • 0033530073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preservation of nucleus basalis neurons containing choline acetyltransferase and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease
    • Gilmor ML, Erickson JD, Varoqui H et al. Preservation of nucleus basalis neurons containing choline acetyltransferase and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter in the elderly with mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease. J. Comp. Neurol. 411(4), 693-704 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.411 , Issue.4 , pp. 693-704
    • Gilmor, M.L.1    Erickson, J.D.2    Varoqui, H.3
  • 41
    • 0025288472 scopus 로고
    • Choline acetyltransferase activity and [3H] vesamicol binding in the temporal cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and rats with basal forebrain lesions
    • Ruberg M, Mayo W, Brice A et al. Choline acetyltransferase activity and [3H] vesamicol binding in the temporal cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and rats with basal forebrain lesions. Neuroscience 35(2), 327-333 (1990).
    • (1990) Neuroscience , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 327-333
    • Ruberg, M.1    Mayo, W.2    Brice, A.3
  • 42
    • 0031745813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cholinergic gene locus
    • Eiden LE. The cholinergic gene locus. J. Neurochem. 70(6), 2227-2240 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Neurochem , vol.70 , Issue.6 , pp. 2227-2240
    • Eiden, L.E.1
  • 43
    • 0031772148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordinate expression of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter and choline acetyltransferase following septohippocampal pathway lesions
    • Gilmor ML, Counts SE, Wiley RG, Levey AI. Coordinate expression of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter and choline acetyltransferase following septohippocampal pathway lesions. J. Neurochem. 71(6), 2411-2420 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Neurochem , vol.71 , Issue.6 , pp. 2411-2420
    • Gilmor, M.L.1    Counts, S.E.2    Wiley, R.G.3    Levey, A.I.4
  • 44
    • 0032543714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural analysis of the progression of neurodegeneration in the septum following fimbria-fornix transection
    • Ginsberg SD, Martin LJ. Ultrastructural analysis of the progression of neurodegeneration in the septum following fimbria-fornix transection. Neuroscience 86, 1259-1272 (1998).
    • (1998) Neuroscience , vol.86 , pp. 1259-1272
    • Ginsberg, S.D.1    Martin, L.J.2
  • 45
    • 0034941330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor signaling, neuroprotection, and neural repair
    • Sofroniew MV, Howe CL, Mobley WC. Nerve growth factor signaling, neuroprotection, and neural repair. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 24, 1217-1281 (2001).
    • (2001) Annu. Rev. Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 1217-1281
    • Sofroniew, M.V.1    Howe, C.L.2    Mobley, W.C.3
  • 46
    • 0023176143 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal size and density in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer's disease
    • Rinne JO, Paljarvi L, Rinne UK. Neuronal size and density in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurol. Sci. 79(1-2), 67-76 (1987).
    • (1987) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.79 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 67-76
    • Rinne, J.O.1    Paljarvi, L.2    Rinne, U.K.3
  • 47
    • 0021059767 scopus 로고
    • Persistence of cholinergic neurons in the basal nucleus in a brain with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining for choline acetyltransferase
    • Pearson RC, Sofroniew MV, Cuello AC et al. Persistence of cholinergic neurons in the basal nucleus in a brain with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining for choline acetyltransferase. Brain Res. 289(1-2), 375-379 (1983).
    • (1983) Brain Res , vol.289 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 375-379
    • Pearson, R.C.1    Sofroniew, M.V.2    Cuello, A.C.3
  • 48
    • 0002347440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor in Alzheimer's disease
    • Peter AA, Morrison JH Eds, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press, NY, USA
    • Mufson EJ, Kordower JH. Nerve growth factor in Alzheimer's disease. In: Cerebral Cortex. Peter AA, Morrison JH (Eds). Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press, NY, USA 681-731 (1999).
    • (1999) Cerebral Cortex , pp. 681-731
    • Mufson, E.J.1    Kordower, J.H.2
  • 49
    • 0023888321 scopus 로고
    • Processing of the native nerve growth factor precursor to form biologically active nerve growth factor
    • Edwards RH, Selby MJ, Garcia PD, Rutter WJ. Processing of the native nerve growth factor precursor to form biologically active nerve growth factor. J. Biol. Chem. 263(14), 6810-6815 (1988).
    • (1988) J. Biol. Chem , vol.263 , Issue.14 , pp. 6810-6815
    • Edwards, R.H.1    Selby, M.J.2    Garcia, P.D.3    Rutter, W.J.4
  • 50
    • 1542349149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobiology: A move to sort life from death
    • Kaplan DR, Miller FD. Neurobiology: a move to sort life from death. Nature 427(6977), 798-799 (2004).
    • (2004) Nature , vol.427 , Issue.6977 , pp. 798-799
    • Kaplan, D.R.1    Miller, F.D.2
  • 51
    • 0036344505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophin signaling through the p75 neurotrophin receptor
    • Roux PP, Barker PA. Neurotrophin signaling through the p75 neurotrophin receptor. Prog. Neurobiol. 67(3), 203-233 (2002).
    • (2002) Prog. Neurobiol , vol.67 , Issue.3 , pp. 203-233
    • Roux, P.P.1    Barker, P.A.2
  • 52
    • 0000326996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitive signaling between TrkA and p75 nerve growth factor receptors determines cell survival
    • NTR by NGF leads to apoptotic signaling which can be prevented by co-expression with TrkA, •
    • NTR by NGF leads to apoptotic signaling which can be prevented by co-expression with TrkA.
    • (1998) J. Neurosci , vol.18 , Issue.9 , pp. 3273-3281
    • Yoon, S.O.1    Casaccia-Bonnefil, P.2    Carter, B.3    Chao, M.V.4
  • 53
    • 0034014639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unscheduled re-entry into the cell cycle induced by NGF precedes cell death in nascent retinal neurones
    • Frade JM. Unscheduled re-entry into the cell cycle induced by NGF precedes cell death in nascent retinal neurones. J. Cell Sci. 113 (Pt 7), 1139-1148 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Cell Sci , vol.113 , Issue.PART 7 , pp. 1139-1148
    • Frade, J.M.1
  • 54
    • 0032559622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The p75 neurotrophin receptor mediates neuronal apoptosis and is essential for naturally occurring sympathetic neuron death
    • Bamji SX, Majdan M, Pozniak CD et al. The p75 neurotrophin receptor mediates neuronal apoptosis and is essential for naturally occurring sympathetic neuron death. J. Cell Biol. 140(4), 911-923 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Cell Biol , vol.140 , Issue.4 , pp. 911-923
    • Bamji, S.X.1    Majdan, M.2    Pozniak, C.D.3
  • 55
    • 0035976524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of cell survival by secreted proneurotrophins
    • Lee R, Kermani P, Teng KK, Hempstead BL. Regulation of cell survival by secreted proneurotrophins. Science 294(5548), 1945-1948 (2001).
    • (2001) Science , vol.294 , Issue.5548 , pp. 1945-1948
    • Lee, R.1    Kermani, P.2    Teng, K.K.3    Hempstead, B.L.4
  • 56
    • 0034279150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophins induce death of hippocampal neurons via the p75 receptor
    • Friedman WJ. Neurotrophins induce death of hippocampal neurons via the p75 receptor. J. Neurosci. 20(17), 6340-6346 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Neurosci , vol.20 , Issue.17 , pp. 6340-6346
    • Friedman, W.J.1
  • 57
    • 10744219632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NTR.
    • NTR.
  • 58
    • 0037093730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual role for p75(NTR) signaling in survival and cell death: Can intracellular mediators provide an explanation?
    • Mamidipudi V, Wooten MW. Dual role for p75(NTR) signaling in survival and cell death: can intracellular mediators provide an explanation? J. Neurosci. Res. 68(4), 373-384 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Neurosci. Res , vol.68 , Issue.4 , pp. 373-384
    • Mamidipudi, V.1    Wooten, M.W.2
  • 59
    • 1642540257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophins and their receptors: Signaling trios in complex biological systems
    • Teng KK, Hempstead BL. Neurotrophins and their receptors: signaling trios in complex biological systems. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 61(1), 35-48 (2004).
    • (2004) Cell. Mol. Life Sci , vol.61 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-48
    • Teng, K.K.1    Hempstead, B.L.2
  • 60
    • 0034848604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The precursor pro-nerve growth factor is the predominant form of nerve growth factor in brain and is increased in Alzheimer's disease
    • Fahnestock M, Michalski B, Xu B, Coughlin MD. The precursor pro-nerve growth factor is the predominant form of nerve growth factor in brain and is increased in Alzheimer's disease. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 18(2), 210-220 (2001).
    • (2001) Mol. Cell. Neurosci , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 210-220
    • Fahnestock, M.1    Michalski, B.2    Xu, B.3    Coughlin, M.D.4
  • 61
    • 2942536284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NTR and sortilin.
    • NTR and sortilin.
  • 62
    • 2042465006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nerve growth factor precursor proNGF exhibits neurotrophic activity but is less active than mature nerve growth factor
    • Highlights an ongoing debate on the conditions underlying prosurvival and proapoptotic proNGF siganling, •
    • Fahnestock M, Yu G, Michalski B et al. The nerve growth factor precursor proNGF exhibits neurotrophic activity but is less active than mature nerve growth factor. J. Neurochem. 89(3), 581-592 (2004). • Highlights an ongoing debate on the conditions underlying prosurvival and proapoptotic proNGF siganling.
    • (2004) J. Neurochem , vol.89 , Issue.3 , pp. 581-592
    • Fahnestock, M.1    Yu, G.2    Michalski, B.3
  • 63
    • 0034851615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pro-sequence facilitates folding of human nerve growth factor from Escherichia coli inclusion bodies
    • Rattenholl A, Lilie H, Grossmann A et al. The pro-sequence facilitates folding of human nerve growth factor from Escherichia coli inclusion bodies. Eur. J. Biochem. 268(11), 3296-3303 (2001).
    • (2001) Eur. J. Biochem , vol.268 , Issue.11 , pp. 3296-3303
    • Rattenholl, A.1    Lilie, H.2    Grossmann, A.3
  • 64
    • 4644268336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Counts SE, Nadeem M, Wuu J et al. Reduction of cortical TrkA but not p75(NTR) protein in early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Ann. Neurol. 56(4), 520-531 (2004). • Neocortical TrkA protein levels are reduced in early-stage AD suggesting a loss of CBF neurotrophic support and possible increased proapoptotic proNGF/p75NTR interactions.
    • Counts SE, Nadeem M, Wuu J et al. Reduction of cortical TrkA but not p75(NTR) protein in early-stage Alzheimer's disease. Ann. Neurol. 56(4), 520-531 (2004). • Neocortical TrkA protein levels are reduced in early-stage AD suggesting a loss of CBF neurotrophic support and possible increased proapoptotic proNGF/p75NTR interactions.
  • 65
    • 24944522343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of thirteen biological markers in csf of patients with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias
    • Blasko I, Lederer W, Oberbauer H et al. Measurement of thirteen biological markers in csf of patients with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Dement Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 21(1), 9-15 (2005).
    • (2005) Dement Geriatr. Cogn. Disord , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-15
    • Blasko, I.1    Lederer, W.2    Oberbauer, H.3
  • 66
    • 26844507790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A TrkA-to-p75NTR molecular switch activates amyloid β-peptide generation during aging
    • Costantini C, Weindruch R, Della Valle G, Puglielli L. A TrkA-to-p75NTR molecular switch activates amyloid β-peptide generation during aging. Biochem. J. 391(Pt 1), 59-67 (2005).
    • (2005) Biochem. J , vol.391 , Issue.PART 1 , pp. 59-67
    • Costantini, C.1    Weindruch, R.2    Della Valle, G.3    Puglielli, L.4
  • 67
    • 39849110118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insights into the interaction of sortilin with proneurotrophins: A computational approach
    • Paiardini A, Caputo V. Insights into the interaction of sortilin with proneurotrophins: a computational approach. Neuropeptides 42(2), 205-214 (2008).
    • (2008) Neuropeptides , vol.42 , Issue.2 , pp. 205-214
    • Paiardini, A.1    Caputo, V.2
  • 68
    • 34248169119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nyborg AC, Ladd TB, Zwizinski CW, Lah JJ, Golde TE. Sortilin, SorCS1b, and SorLA Vps10p sorting receptors, are novel gamma-secretase substrates. Mol. Neurodegener. 1, 3 (2006).
    • Nyborg AC, Ladd TB, Zwizinski CW, Lah JJ, Golde TE. Sortilin, SorCS1b, and SorLA Vps10p sorting receptors, are novel gamma-secretase substrates. Mol. Neurodegener. 1, 3 (2006).
  • 69
    • 35548930820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles for the pro-neurotrophin receptor sortilin in neuronal development, aging and brain injury
    • Jansen P, Giehl K, Nyengaard JR et al. Roles for the pro-neurotrophin receptor sortilin in neuronal development, aging and brain injury. Nat. Neurosci. 10(11), 1449-1457 (2007).
    • (2007) Nat. Neurosci , vol.10 , Issue.11 , pp. 1449-1457
    • Jansen, P.1    Giehl, K.2    Nyengaard, J.R.3
  • 70
    • 16644378634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-tasking by the p75 neurotrophin receptor: Sortilin things out?
    • 59, 867-871
    • Bronfman FC, Fainzilber M. Multi-tasking by the p75 neurotrophin receptor: sortilin things out? EMBO Rep. 5(9), 867-871 (2004).
    • (2004) EMBO Rep
    • Bronfman, F.C.1    Fainzilber, M.2
  • 71
    • 20044370999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ProBDNF induces neuronal apoptosis via activation of a receptor complex of p75NTR and sortilin
    • Teng HK, Teng KK, Lee R et al. ProBDNF induces neuronal apoptosis via activation of a receptor complex of p75NTR and sortilin. J. Neurosci. 25(22), 5455-5463 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Neurosci , vol.25 , Issue.22 , pp. 5455-5463
    • Teng, H.K.1    Teng, K.K.2    Lee, R.3
  • 72
    • 4644297646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-lasting rescue of age-associated deficits in cognition and the CNS cholinergic phenotype by a partial agonist peptidomimetic ligand of TrkA
    • A peptide agonist of TrkA restores cognitive function and cholinergic markers in aged, cognitively impaired rats, •
    • Bruno MA, Clarke PB, Seltzer A et al. Long-lasting rescue of age-associated deficits in cognition and the CNS cholinergic phenotype by a partial agonist peptidomimetic ligand of TrkA. J. Neurosci. 24(37), 8009-8018 (2004). • A peptide agonist of TrkA restores cognitive function and cholinergic markers in aged, cognitively impaired rats.
    • (2004) J. Neurosci , vol.24 , Issue.37 , pp. 8009-8018
    • Bruno, M.A.1    Clarke, P.B.2    Seltzer, A.3
  • 73
    • 37049012118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small molecule neurotrophin receptor ligands: Novel strategies for targeting Alzheimer's disease mechanisms
    • Excellent review of current therapeutic strategies for stimulating neurotrophin receptors for the treatment of AD, •
    • Longo FM, Yang T, Knowles JK et al. Small molecule neurotrophin receptor ligands: novel strategies for targeting Alzheimer's disease mechanisms. Curr. Alzheimer Res. 4(5), 503-506 (2007). • Excellent review of current therapeutic strategies for stimulating neurotrophin receptors for the treatment of AD.
    • (2007) Curr. Alzheimer Res , vol.4 , Issue.5 , pp. 503-506
    • Longo, F.M.1    Yang, T.2    Knowles, J.K.3
  • 74
    • 33646241085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity-dependent release of precursor nerve growth factor, conversion to mature nerve growth factor, and its degradation by a protease cascade
    • Bruno MA, Cuello AC. Activity-dependent release of precursor nerve growth factor, conversion to mature nerve growth factor, and its degradation by a protease cascade. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103(17), 6735-6740 (2006).
    • (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103 , Issue.17 , pp. 6735-6740
    • Bruno, M.A.1    Cuello, A.C.2
  • 75
    • 55849147787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased MMP-9 cortical level and activity in subjects with mild cognitive impairment
    • Presented at:, San Diego, CA, USA, 3-7 November
    • Bruno MA, Counts SE, Mufson EJ, Cuello AC. Increased MMP-9 cortical level and activity in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Presented at: Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting. San Diego, CA, USA, 3-7 November 2007.
    • (2007) Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting
    • Bruno, M.A.1    Counts, S.E.2    Mufson, E.J.3    Cuello, A.C.4
  • 76
    • 12244291232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases are elevated in cerebrospinal fluid of neurodegenerative diseases
    • Lorenzl S, Albers DS, LeWitt PA et al. Tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases are elevated in cerebrospinal fluid of neurodegenerative diseases. J. Neurol. Sci. 207(1-2), 71-76 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Neurol. Sci , vol.207 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 71-76
    • Lorenzl, S.1    Albers, D.S.2    LeWitt, P.A.3
  • 77
    • 37149052133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Profiles of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in plasma of patients with dementia
    • Lorenzl S, Buerger K, Hampel H, Beal MF. Profiles of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in plasma of patients with dementia. Int. Psychogeriatr. 20(1), 67-76 (2008).
    • (2008) Int. Psychogeriatr , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-76
    • Lorenzl, S.1    Buerger, K.2    Hampel, H.3    Beal, M.F.4
  • 78
    • 0032836427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in blood and tissues. Clinical and experimental applications
    • Zucker S, Hymowitz M, Conner C et al. Measurement of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in blood and tissues. Clinical and experimental applications. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 878, 212-227 (1999).
    • (1999) Ann. NY Acad. Sci , vol.878 , pp. 212-227
    • Zucker, S.1    Hymowitz, M.2    Conner, C.3
  • 79
    • 0029556562 scopus 로고
    • Structural and functional properties of the TRK family of neurotrophin receptors
    • Barbacid M. Structural and functional properties of the TRK family of neurotrophin receptors. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 766, 442-458 (1995).
    • (1995) Ann. NY Acad. Sci , vol.766 , pp. 442-458
    • Barbacid, M.1
  • 80
    • 0032535448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A function-structure model for NGF-activated TRK
    • Cunningham ME, Greene LA. A function-structure model for NGF-activated TRK. EMBO J. 17(24), 7282-7293 (1998).
    • (1998) EMBO J , vol.17 , Issue.24 , pp. 7282-7293
    • Cunningham, M.E.1    Greene, L.A.2
  • 81
    • 0031409894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth factor receptors: Structure, mechanism, and drug discovery
    • McInnes C, Sykes BD. Growth factor receptors: structure, mechanism, and drug discovery. Biopolymers 43(5), 339-366 (1997).
    • (1997) Biopolymers , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 339-366
    • McInnes, C.1    Sykes, B.D.2
  • 82
    • 0032698075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell survival promoted by the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway by transcription-dependent and -independent mechanisms
    • Bonni A, Brunet A, West AE et al. Cell survival promoted by the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway by transcription-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Science 286(5443), 1358-1362 (1999).
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , Issue.5443 , pp. 1358-1362
    • Bonni, A.1    Brunet, A.2    West, A.E.3
  • 83
    • 0004594704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor stimulates proliferation and survival of human breast cancer cells through two distinct signaling pathways
    • Descamps S, Toillon RA, Adriaenssens E et al. Nerve growth factor stimulates proliferation and survival of human breast cancer cells through two distinct signaling pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 276(21), 17864-17870 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem , vol.276 , Issue.21 , pp. 17864-17870
    • Descamps, S.1    Toillon, R.A.2    Adriaenssens, E.3
  • 84
    • 0034044227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kaplan DR, Miller FD. Neurotrophin signal transduction in the nervous system. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 10(3), 381-391 (2000). • One of many excellent reviews by the authors discussing the multiple intracellular signaling pathways stimulated by NGF and other neurotrophins.
    • Kaplan DR, Miller FD. Neurotrophin signal transduction in the nervous system. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 10(3), 381-391 (2000). • One of many excellent reviews by the authors discussing the multiple intracellular signaling pathways stimulated by NGF and other neurotrophins.
  • 85
    • 0032861127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase signalling in neurons
    • Grewal SS, York RD, Stork PJ. Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase signalling in neurons. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 9(5), 544-553 (1999).
    • (1999) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol , vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp. 544-553
    • Grewal, S.S.1    York, R.D.2    Stork, P.J.3
  • 86
    • 0025875819 scopus 로고
    • Dissection of the protein kinase cascade by which nerve growth factor activates MAP kinases
    • Gomez N, Cohen P. Dissection of the protein kinase cascade by which nerve growth factor activates MAP kinases. Nature 353(6340), 170-173 (1991).
    • (1991) Nature , vol.353 , Issue.6340 , pp. 170-173
    • Gomez, N.1    Cohen, P.2
  • 87
    • 0026754369 scopus 로고
    • Activation of the MAP kinase pathway by the protein kinase raf
    • Howe LR, Leevers SJ, Gomez N et al. Activation of the MAP kinase pathway by the protein kinase raf. Cell 71(2), 335-342 (1992).
    • (1992) Cell , vol.71 , Issue.2 , pp. 335-342
    • Howe, L.R.1    Leevers, S.J.2    Gomez, N.3
  • 88
    • 0030479324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of nerve growth factor-induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. N?acetylcysteine uncouples the signal transduction from ras to the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade
    • Kamata H, Tanaka C, Yagisawa H et al. Suppression of nerve growth factor-induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. N?acetylcysteine uncouples the signal transduction from ras to the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. J. Biol. Chem. 271(51), 33018-33025 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem , vol.271 , Issue.51 , pp. 33018-33025
    • Kamata, H.1    Tanaka, C.2    Yagisawa, H.3
  • 89
    • 0035869733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurite growth promotion by nerve growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 in cultured adult sensory neurons: Role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mitogen activated protein kinase
    • Kimpinski K, Mearow K. Neurite growth promotion by nerve growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 in cultured adult sensory neurons: role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mitogen activated protein kinase. J. Neurosci. Res. 63(6), 486-499 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Neurosci. Res , vol.63 , Issue.6 , pp. 486-499
    • Kimpinski, K.1    Mearow, K.2
  • 90
    • 0032518291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor promotes activation of the ?, ? and g isoforms of protein kinase B in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells
    • Andjelkovic M, Suidan HS, Meier R et al. Nerve growth factor promotes activation of the ?, ? and g isoforms of protein kinase B in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. Eur. J. Biochem. 251(1-2), 195-200 (1998).
    • (1998) Eur. J. Biochem , vol.251 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 195-200
    • Andjelkovic, M.1    Suidan, H.S.2    Meier, R.3
  • 91
    • 0033549893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The selective and inducible activation of endogenous PI 3?kinase in PC12 cells results in efficient NGF-mediated survival but defective neurite outgrowth
    • Ashcroft M, Stephens RM, Hallberg B, Downward J, Kaplan DR. The selective and inducible activation of endogenous PI 3?kinase in PC12 cells results in efficient NGF-mediated survival but defective neurite outgrowth. Oncogene 18(32), 4586-4597 (1999).
    • (1999) Oncogene , vol.18 , Issue.32 , pp. 4586-4597
    • Ashcroft, M.1    Stephens, R.M.2    Hallberg, B.3    Downward, J.4    Kaplan, D.R.5
  • 92
    • 0032864021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depolarization and neurotrophins converge on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway to synergistically regulate neuronal survival
    • Vaillant AR, Mazzoni I, Tudan C et al. Depolarization and neurotrophins converge on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway to synergistically regulate neuronal survival. J. Cell Biol. 146(5), 955-966 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Cell Biol , vol.146 , Issue.5 , pp. 955-966
    • Vaillant, A.R.1    Mazzoni, I.2    Tudan, C.3
  • 93
    • 0033563189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trks: Signal transduction and intracellular pathways
    • Klesse LJ, Parada LF. Trks: signal transduction and intracellular pathways. Microsc. Res. Tech. 45(4-5), 210-216 (1999).
    • (1999) Microsc. Res. Tech , vol.45 , Issue.4-5 , pp. 210-216
    • Klesse, L.J.1    Parada, L.F.2
  • 94
    • 0028199799 scopus 로고
    • Trk receptors use redundant signal transduction pathways involving SHC and PLC-g 1 to mediate NGF responses
    • Stephens RM, Loeb DM, Copeland TD et al. Trk receptors use redundant signal transduction pathways involving SHC and PLC-g 1 to mediate NGF responses. Neuron 12(3), 691-705 (1994).
    • (1994) Neuron , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 691-705
    • Stephens, R.M.1    Loeb, D.M.2    Copeland, T.D.3
  • 95
    • 0025992877 scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor rapidly stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-γ 1 by a kinase activity associated with the product of the trk protooncogene
    • Vetter ML, Martin-Zanca D, Parada LF, Bishop JM, Kaplan DR. Nerve growth factor rapidly stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-γ 1 by a kinase activity associated with the product of the trk protooncogene. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 88(13), 5650-5654 (1991).
    • (1991) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.88 , Issue.13 , pp. 5650-5654
    • Vetter, M.L.1    Martin-Zanca, D.2    Parada, L.F.3    Bishop, J.M.4    Kaplan, D.R.5
  • 96
    • 0035369840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trk receptors: Mediators of neurotrophin action
    • Patapoutian A, Reichardt LF. Trk receptors: mediators of neurotrophin action. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 11(3), 272-280 (2001).
    • (2001) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 272-280
    • Patapoutian, A.1    Reichardt, L.F.2
  • 97
    • 0642316039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor: Structure, function and therapeutic implications for Alzheimer's disease
    • Comprehensive review that covers all aspects of NGF biology, •
    • Lad SP, Neet KE, Mufson EJ. Nerve growth factor: structure, function and therapeutic implications for Alzheimer's disease. Curr. Drug Target CNS Neurol. Disord. 2(5), 315-334 (2003). • Comprehensive review that covers all aspects of NGF biology.
    • (2003) Curr. Drug Target CNS Neurol. Disord , vol.2 , Issue.5 , pp. 315-334
    • Lad, S.P.1    Neet, K.E.2    Mufson, E.J.3
  • 98
    • 0033215974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ceramide signaling downstream of the p75 neurotrophin receptor mediates the effects of nerve growth factor on outgrowth of cultured hippocampal neurons
    • Brann AB, Scott R, Neuberger Y et al. Ceramide signaling downstream of the p75 neurotrophin receptor mediates the effects of nerve growth factor on outgrowth of cultured hippocampal neurons. J. Neurosci. 19(19), 8199-8206 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Neurosci , vol.19 , Issue.19 , pp. 8199-8206
    • Brann, A.B.1    Scott, R.2    Neuberger, Y.3
  • 99
    • 0035879182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel p75NTR signaling pathway promotes survival, not death, of immunopurified neocortical subplate neurons
    • DeFreitas MF, McQuillen PS, Shatz CJ. A novel p75NTR signaling pathway promotes survival, not death, of immunopurified neocortical subplate neurons. J. Neurosci. 21(14), 5121-5129 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Neurosci , vol.21 , Issue.14 , pp. 5121-5129
    • DeFreitas, M.F.1    McQuillen, P.S.2    Shatz, C.J.3
  • 100
    • 0028108788 scopus 로고
    • Activation of the sphingomyelin cycle through the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor
    • Dobrowsky RT, Werner MH, Castellino AM, Chao MV, Hannun YA. Activation of the sphingomyelin cycle through the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor. Science 265(5178), 1596-1599 (1994).
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , Issue.5178 , pp. 1596-1599
    • Dobrowsky, R.T.1    Werner, M.H.2    Castellino, A.M.3    Chao, M.V.4    Hannun, Y.A.5
  • 101
    • 0033951624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The p75 neurotrophin receptor and neuronal apoptosis
    • Barrett GL. The p75 neurotrophin receptor and neuronal apoptosis. Prog. Neurobiol. 61(2), 205-229 (2000).
    • (2000) Prog. Neurobiol , vol.61 , Issue.2 , pp. 205-229
    • Barrett, G.L.1
  • 102
    • 0037155796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor-induced p75-mediated death of cultured hippocampal neurons is age-dependent and transduced through ceramide generated by neutral sphingomyelinase
    • Brann AB, Tcherpakov M, Williams IM, Futerman AH, Fainzilber M. Nerve growth factor-induced p75-mediated death of cultured hippocampal neurons is age-dependent and transduced through ceramide generated by neutral sphingomyelinase. J. Biol. Chem. 277(12), 9812-9818 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem , vol.277 , Issue.12 , pp. 9812-9818
    • Brann, A.B.1    Tcherpakov, M.2    Williams, I.M.3    Futerman, A.H.4    Fainzilber, M.5
  • 103
    • 0036140118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of Rac GTPase by p75 is necessary for c-jun N-terminal kinase-mediated apoptosis
    • Harrington AW, Kim JY, Yoon SO. Activation of Rac GTPase by p75 is necessary for c-jun N-terminal kinase-mediated apoptosis. J. Neurosci. 22(1), 156-166 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Neurosci , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 156-166
    • Harrington, A.W.1    Kim, J.Y.2    Yoon, S.O.3
  • 104
    • 0033597822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) alters tumor necrosis factor-mediated NF-kB activity under physiological conditions, but direct p75NTR-mediated NF-kB activation requires cell stress
    • Bhakar AL, Roux PP, Lachance C et al. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) alters tumor necrosis factor-mediated NF-kB activity under physiological conditions, but direct p75NTR-mediated NF-kB activation requires cell stress. J. Biol. Chem. 274(30), 21443-21449 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem , vol.274 , Issue.30 , pp. 21443-21449
    • Bhakar, A.L.1    Roux, P.P.2    Lachance, C.3
  • 105
    • 0034770141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binding of nerve growth factor to its p75 receptor in stressed cells induces selective IkB-β degradation and NF-κB nuclear translocation
    • Cosgaya JM, Shooter EM. Binding of nerve growth factor to its p75 receptor in stressed cells induces selective IkB-β degradation and NF-κB nuclear translocation. J. Neurochem. 79(2), 391-399 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Neurochem , vol.79 , Issue.2 , pp. 391-399
    • Cosgaya, J.M.1    Shooter, E.M.2
  • 106
    • 0034667635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NF-κB signaling promotes both cell survival and neurite process formation in nerve growth factor-stimulated PC12 cells
    • Foehr ED, Lin X, O'Mahony A et al. NF-κB signaling promotes both cell survival and neurite process formation in nerve growth factor-stimulated PC12 cells. J. Neurosci. 20(20), 7556-7563 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Neurosci , vol.20 , Issue.20 , pp. 7556-7563
    • Foehr, E.D.1    Lin, X.2    O'Mahony, A.3
  • 107
    • 0034677893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor activation of nuclear factor kB through its p75 receptor is an anti-apoptotic signal in RN22 schwannoma cells
    • Gentry JJ, Casaccia-Bonnefil P, Carter BD. Nerve growth factor activation of nuclear factor kB through its p75 receptor is an anti-apoptotic signal in RN22 schwannoma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 275(11), 7558-7565 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Biol. Chem , vol.275 , Issue.11 , pp. 7558-7565
    • Gentry, J.J.1    Casaccia-Bonnefil, P.2    Carter, B.D.3
  • 108
    • 0032809906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p75-mediated NF-κB activation enhances the survival response of developing sensory neurons to nerve growth factor
    • Hamanoue M, Middleton G, Wyatt S et al. p75-mediated NF-κB activation enhances the survival response of developing sensory neurons to nerve growth factor. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 14(1), 28-40 (1999).
    • (1999) Mol. Cell. Neurosci , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 28-40
    • Hamanoue, M.1    Middleton, G.2    Wyatt, S.3
  • 109
    • 0035149557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinction between differentiation, cell cycle, and apoptosis signals in PC12 cells by the nerve growth factor mutant delta9/13, which is selective for the p75 neurotrophin receptor
    • Hughes AL, Messineo-Jones D, Lad SP, Neet KE. Distinction between differentiation, cell cycle, and apoptosis signals in PC12 cells by the nerve growth factor mutant delta9/13, which is selective for the p75 neurotrophin receptor. J. Neurosci. Res. 63(1), 10-19 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Neurosci. Res , vol.63 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-19
    • Hughes, A.L.1    Messineo-Jones, D.2    Lad, S.P.3    Neet, K.E.4
  • 110
    • 0035933783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The p75 neurotrophin receptor activates Akt (protein kinase B) through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathway
    • Roux PP, Bhakar AL, Kennedy TE, Barker PA. The p75 neurotrophin receptor activates Akt (protein kinase B) through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 276(25), 23097-23104 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem , vol.276 , Issue.25 , pp. 23097-23104
    • Roux, P.P.1    Bhakar, A.L.2    Kennedy, T.E.3    Barker, P.A.4
  • 111
    • 0033406696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor stimulates MAPK via the low affinity receptor p75(LNTR)
    • Susen K, Heumann R, Blochl A. Nerve growth factor stimulates MAPK via the low affinity receptor p75(LNTR). FEBS Lett. 463(3), 231-234 (1999).
    • (1999) FEBS Lett , vol.463 , Issue.3 , pp. 231-234
    • Susen, K.1    Heumann, R.2    Blochl, A.3
  • 112
    • 55849131540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NGF family of neurotrophins and their receptors: Early involvement in the progression of Alzheimer's disease
    • Dawbarn D, Allen SJ Eds, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
    • Mufson EJ, Counts SE, Fahnestock M, Ginsberg SD. NGF family of neurotrophins and their receptors: early involvement in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. In: Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease. Dawbarn D, Allen SJ (Eds). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK 283-321 (2007).
    • (2007) Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease , pp. 283-321
    • Mufson, E.J.1    Counts, S.E.2    Fahnestock, M.3    Ginsberg, S.D.4
  • 113
    • 21044458854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Phase 1 clinical trial of nerve growth factor gene therapy for Alzheimer disease
    • Reveals encouraging outcomes from the initial NGF gene therapy trials, ••
    • Tuszynski MH, Thal L, Pay M et al. A Phase 1 clinical trial of nerve growth factor gene therapy for Alzheimer disease. Nat. Med. 11(5), 551-555 (2005). •• Reveals encouraging outcomes from the initial NGF gene therapy trials.
    • (2005) Nat. Med , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 551-555
    • Tuszynski, M.H.1    Thal, L.2    Pay, M.3
  • 114
    • 0027380155 scopus 로고
    • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) prevents the degeneration of medial septal cholinergic neurons following fimbria transection
    • Morse JK, Wiegand SJ, Anderson K et al. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) prevents the degeneration of medial septal cholinergic neurons following fimbria transection. J. Neurosci. 13(10), 4146-4156 (1993).
    • (1993) J. Neurosci , vol.13 , Issue.10 , pp. 4146-4156
    • Morse, J.K.1    Wiegand, S.J.2    Anderson, K.3
  • 115
    • 42049112538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The biology of neurotrophins, signalling pathways, and functional peptide mimetics of neurotrophins and their receptors
    • Skaper SD. The biology of neurotrophins, signalling pathways, and functional peptide mimetics of neurotrophins and their receptors. CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets 7(1), 46-62 (2008).
    • (2008) CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 46-62
    • Skaper, S.D.1
  • 116
    • 36049003755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gambogic amide, a selective agonist for TrkA receptor that possesses robust neurotrophic activity, prevents neuronal cell death
    • Jang SW, Okada M, Sayeed I et al. Gambogic amide, a selective agonist for TrkA receptor that possesses robust neurotrophic activity, prevents neuronal cell death. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104(41), 16329-16334 (2007).
    • (2007) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.104 , Issue.41 , pp. 16329-16334
    • Jang, S.W.1    Okada, M.2    Sayeed, I.3
  • 117
  • 118
    • 0000672241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • m2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-immunoreactive neurons are not reduced within the nucleus basalis in Alzheimer's disease: Relationship with cholinergic and galaninergic perikarya
    • Mufson EJ, Jaffar S, Levey AI. m2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-immunoreactive neurons are not reduced within the nucleus basalis in Alzheimer's disease: relationship with cholinergic and galaninergic perikarya. J. Comp. Neurol. 392(3), 313-329 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.392 , Issue.3 , pp. 313-329
    • Mufson, E.J.1    Jaffar, S.2    Levey, A.I.3
  • 119
    • 37149055806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • α7 nicotinic receptor up-regulation in cholinergic basal forebrain neurons in Alzheimer's disease
    • Counts SE, He B, Che S et al. α7 nicotinic receptor up-regulation in cholinergic basal forebrain neurons in Alzheimer's disease. Arch. Neurol. 64(12), 1771-1776 (2007).
    • (2007) Arch. Neurol , vol.64 , Issue.12 , pp. 1771-1776
    • Counts, S.E.1    He, B.2    Che, S.3
  • 120
    • 20644443926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased α 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protein levels in Alzheimer's disease patients
    • Chu LW, Ma ES, Lam KK, Chan MF, Lee DH. Increased α 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protein levels in Alzheimer's disease patients. Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 19(2-3), 106-112 (2005).
    • (2005) Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord , vol.19 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 106-112
    • Chu, L.W.1    Ma, E.S.2    Lam, K.K.3    Chan, M.F.4    Lee, D.H.5
  • 121
    • 0345434817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional distribution of nicotinic receptor subunit mRNAs in human brain: Comparison between Alzheimer and normal brain
    • Hellstrom-Lindahl E, Mousavi M, Zhang X, Ravid R, Nordberg A. Regional distribution of nicotinic receptor subunit mRNAs in human brain: comparison between Alzheimer and normal brain. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 66(1-2), 94-103 (1999).
    • (1999) Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res , vol.66 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 94-103
    • Hellstrom-Lindahl, E.1    Mousavi, M.2    Zhang, X.3    Ravid, R.4    Nordberg, A.5
  • 122
    • 0037440372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease is associated with a selective increase in α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor immunoreactivity in astrocytes
    • Teaktong T, Graham A, Court J et al. Alzheimer's disease is associated with a selective increase in α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor immunoreactivity in astrocytes. Glia 41(2), 207-211 (2003).
    • (2003) Glia , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 207-211
    • Teaktong, T.1    Graham, A.2    Court, J.3
  • 123
    • 0037066072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular accumulation of β-amyloid(1-42) in neurons is facilitated by the α 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in Alzheimer's disease
    • Nagele RG, D'Andrea MR, Anderson WJ, Wang HY. Intracellular accumulation of β-amyloid(1-42) in neurons is facilitated by the α 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 110(2), 199-211 (2002).
    • (2002) Neuroscience , vol.110 , Issue.2 , pp. 199-211
    • Nagele, R.G.1    D'Andrea, M.R.2    Anderson, W.J.3    Wang, H.Y.4
  • 124
    • 34249823327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The β-amyloid protein of Alzheimer's disease binds to membrane lipids but does not bind to the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
    • Small DH, Maksel D, Kerr ML et al. The β-amyloid protein of Alzheimer's disease binds to membrane lipids but does not bind to the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. J. Neurochem. 101(6), 1527-1538 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Neurochem , vol.101 , Issue.6 , pp. 1527-1538
    • Small, D.H.1    Maksel, D.2    Kerr, M.L.3
  • 125
    • 0034006944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • β-amyloid(1-42) binds to ?7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with high affinity: Implications for Alzheimer's disease pathology
    • Wang HY, Lee DH, D'Andrea MR et al. β-amyloid(1-42) binds to ?7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with high affinity: implications for Alzheimer's disease pathology. J. Biol. Chem. 275(8), 5626-5632 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Biol. Chem , vol.275 , Issue.8 , pp. 5626-5632
    • Wang, H.Y.1    Lee, D.H.2    D'Andrea, M.R.3
  • 126
    • 40449112324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galanin hyperinnervation upregulates choline acetyltransferase expression in cholinergic basal forebrain neurons in Alzheimer's disease
    • Counts SE, He B, Che S, Ginsberg SD, Mufson EJ. Galanin hyperinnervation upregulates choline acetyltransferase expression in cholinergic basal forebrain neurons in Alzheimer's disease. Neurodegener. Dis. 5(3-4), 228-231 (2008).
    • (2008) Neurodegener. Dis , vol.5 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 228-231
    • Counts, S.E.1    He, B.2    Che, S.3    Ginsberg, S.D.4    Mufson, E.J.5
  • 127
    • 40449084828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M1 muscarinic agonists target major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease - the pivotal role of brain M1 receptors
    • Fisher A. M1 muscarinic agonists target major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease - the pivotal role of brain M1 receptors. Neurodegener. Dis. 5(3-4), 237-240 (2008).
    • (2008) Neurodegener. Dis , vol.5 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 237-240
    • Fisher, A.1
  • 128
    • 37049003111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M1 muscarinic agonists target major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease - an update
    • Fisher A. M1 muscarinic agonists target major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease - an update. Curr. Alzheimer Res. 4(5), 577-580 (2007).
    • (2007) Curr. Alzheimer Res , vol.4 , Issue.5 , pp. 577-580
    • Fisher, A.1
  • 129
    • 0036676048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AF150(S) and AF267B: M1 muscarinic agonists as innovative therapies for Alzheimer's disease
    • Fisher A, Brandeis R, Bar-Ner RH et al. AF150(S) and AF267B: M1 muscarinic agonists as innovative therapies for Alzheimer's disease. J. Mol. Neurosci. 19(1-2), 145-153 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Mol. Neurosci , vol.19 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 145-153
    • Fisher, A.1    Brandeis, R.2    Bar-Ner, R.H.3
  • 130
    • 33344458827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M1 receptors play a central role in modulating AD-like pathology in transgenic mice
    • The selective M1 muscarinic agonist AF267B rescues APP/PS1/tau triple transgenic AD-like mice from spatial cognitive deficits and reduces amyloid and neurofibrillary tangle pathology, •
    • Caccamo A, Oddo S, Billings LM et al. M1 receptors play a central role in modulating AD-like pathology in transgenic mice. Neuron 49(5), 671-682 (2006). • The selective M1 muscarinic agonist AF267B rescues APP/PS1/tau triple transgenic AD-like mice from spatial cognitive deficits and reduces amyloid and neurofibrillary tangle pathology.
    • (2006) Neuron , vol.49 , Issue.5 , pp. 671-682
    • Caccamo, A.1    Oddo, S.2    Billings, L.M.3
  • 131
    • 33745416559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single cell gene expression profiling in Alzheimer's disease
    • Ginsberg SD, Che S, Counts SE, Mufson EJ. Single cell gene expression profiling in Alzheimer's disease. NeuroRx 3(3), 302-318 (2006).
    • (2006) NeuroRx , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 302-318
    • Ginsberg, S.D.1    Che, S.2    Counts, S.E.3    Mufson, E.J.4
  • 132
    • 33747760358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal synaptic loss in early Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment
    • Scheff SW, Price DA, Schmitt FA, Mufson EJ. Hippocampal synaptic loss in early Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol. Aging 27(10), 1372-1384 (2005).
    • (2005) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.27 , Issue.10 , pp. 1372-1384
    • Scheff, S.W.1    Price, D.A.2    Schmitt, F.A.3    Mufson, E.J.4
  • 133
    • 0025987048 scopus 로고
    • Physical basis of cognitive alterations in Alzheimer's disease: Synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment
    • Terry RD, Masliah E, Salmon DP et al. Physical basis of cognitive alterations in Alzheimer's disease: synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment. Ann. Neurol. 30(4), 572-580 (1991).
    • (1991) Ann. Neurol , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 572-580
    • Terry, R.D.1    Masliah, E.2    Salmon, D.P.3
  • 134
    • 33749237719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal gene expression profiling: Uncovering the molecular biology of neurodegenerative disease
    • Mufson EJ, Counts SE, Che S, Ginsberg SD. Neuronal gene expression profiling: uncovering the molecular biology of neurodegenerative disease. Prog. Brain Res. 158, 197-222 (2006).
    • (2006) Prog. Brain Res , vol.158 , pp. 197-222
    • Mufson, E.J.1    Counts, S.E.2    Che, S.3    Ginsberg, S.D.4
  • 135
    • 0036808469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression profiles of cholinergic nucleus basalis neurons in Alzheimer's disease
    • Mufson EJ, Counts SE, Ginsberg SD. Gene expression profiles of cholinergic nucleus basalis neurons in Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem. Res. 27(10), 1035-1048 (2002).
    • (2002) Neurochem. Res , vol.27 , Issue.10 , pp. 1035-1048
    • Mufson, E.J.1    Counts, S.E.2    Ginsberg, S.D.3
  • 136
    • 0033933738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression profile of transcripts in Alzheimer's disease tangle-bearing CA1 neurons
    • Ginsberg SD, Hemby SE, Lee VM, Eberwine JH, Trojanowski JQ. Expression profile of transcripts in Alzheimer's disease tangle-bearing CA1 neurons. Ann. Neurol. 48(1), 77-87 (2000).
    • (2000) Ann. Neurol , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-87
    • Ginsberg, S.D.1    Hemby, S.E.2    Lee, V.M.3    Eberwine, J.H.4    Trojanowski, J.Q.5
  • 137
    • 27644478606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of protein phosphatases PP1, PP2A, PP2B and PP5 to the regulation of tau phosphorylation
    • Liu F, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K, Gong CX. Contributions of protein phosphatases PP1, PP2A, PP2B and PP5 to the regulation of tau phosphorylation. Eur. J. Neurosci. 22(8), 1942-1950 (2005).
    • (2005) Eur. J. Neurosci , vol.22 , Issue.8 , pp. 1942-1950
    • Liu, F.1    Grundke-Iqbal, I.2    Iqbal, K.3    Gong, C.X.4
  • 138
    • 17644410079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphothreonine-212 of Alzheimer abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau is a preferred substrate of protein phosphatase?1
    • Rahman A, Grundke-Iqbal I, Iqbal K. Phosphothreonine-212 of Alzheimer abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau is a preferred substrate of protein phosphatase?1. Neurochem. Res. 30(2), 277-287 (2005).
    • (2005) Neurochem. Res , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 277-287
    • Rahman, A.1    Grundke-Iqbal, I.2    Iqbal, K.3
  • 139
    • 33947503437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical biochemistry in MCI and Alzheimer disease: Lack of correlation with clinical diagnosis
    • Forman MS, Mufson EJ, Leurgans S et al. Cortical biochemistry in MCI and Alzheimer disease: lack of correlation with clinical diagnosis. Neurology 68(10), 757-763 (2007).
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68 , Issue.10 , pp. 757-763
    • Forman, M.S.1    Mufson, E.J.2    Leurgans, S.3
  • 140
    • 2542511697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic nucleus basalis tauopathy emerges early in the aging-MCI-AD continuum
    • Mesulam M, Shaw P, Mash D, Weintraub S. Cholinergic nucleus basalis tauopathy emerges early in the aging-MCI-AD continuum. Ann. Neurol. 55(6), 815-828 (2004).
    • (2004) Ann. Neurol , vol.55 , Issue.6 , pp. 815-828
    • Mesulam, M.1    Shaw, P.2    Mash, D.3    Weintraub, S.4
  • 141
    • 0024745894 scopus 로고
    • Multiple isoforms of human microtubule-associated protein tau: Sequences and localization in neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease
    • Goedert M, Spillantini MG, Jakes R, Rutherford D, Crowther RA. Multiple isoforms of human microtubule-associated protein tau: sequences and localization in neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 3(4), 519-526 (1989).
    • (1989) Neuron , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 519-526
    • Goedert, M.1    Spillantini, M.G.2    Jakes, R.3    Rutherford, D.4    Crowther, R.A.5
  • 142
    • 0024387161 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA encoding an isoform of microtubule-associated protein tau containing four tandem repeats: Differential expression of tau protein mRNAs in human brain
    • Goedert M, Spillantini MG, Potier MC, Ulrich J, Crowther RA. Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA encoding an isoform of microtubule-associated protein tau containing four tandem repeats: differential expression of tau protein mRNAs in human brain. EMBO J. 8(2), 393-399 (1989).
    • (1989) EMBO J , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 393-399
    • Goedert, M.1    Spillantini, M.G.2    Potier, M.C.3    Ulrich, J.4    Crowther, R.A.5
  • 143
    • 4944230199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of tau mRNA and soluble tau isoforms in affected and non-affected brain areas in Alzheimer's disease
    • Boutajangout A, Boom A, Leroy K, Brion JP. Expression of tau mRNA and soluble tau isoforms in affected and non-affected brain areas in Alzheimer's disease. FEBS Lett. 576(1-2), 183-189 (2004).
    • (2004) FEBS Lett , vol.576 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 183-189
    • Boutajangout, A.1    Boom, A.2    Leroy, K.3    Brion, J.P.4
  • 144
    • 11144283513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional and conformational changes of the tau molecule in Alzheimer's disease
    • Hyman BT, Augustinack JC, Ingelsson M. Transcriptional and conformational changes of the tau molecule in Alzheimer's disease. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1739(2-3), 150-157 (2005).
    • (2005) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1739 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 150-157
    • Hyman, B.T.1    Augustinack, J.C.2    Ingelsson, M.3
  • 145
    • 2942667812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical study of tau accumulation in early stages of Alzheimer-type neurofibrillary lesions
    • Togo T, Akiyama H, Iseki E et al. Immunohistochemical study of tau accumulation in early stages of Alzheimer-type neurofibrillary lesions. Acta Neuropathol. 107(6), 504-508 (2004).
    • (2004) Acta Neuropathol , vol.107 , Issue.6 , pp. 504-508
    • Togo, T.1    Akiyama, H.2    Iseki, E.3
  • 146
    • 45849128307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crawley JN. Galanin - 25 years with a multitalented neuropeptide: galanin impairs cognitive abilities in rodents: relevance to Alzheimer's disease. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 65(12), 1836-1841 (2008).
    • Crawley JN. Galanin - 25 years with a multitalented neuropeptide: galanin impairs cognitive abilities in rodents: relevance to Alzheimer's disease. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 65(12), 1836-1841 (2008).
  • 147
    • 45849091110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galanin - 25 years with a multitalented neuropeptide: Galanin acts as a trophic factor to the central and peripheral nervous systems
    • Hobson SA, Bacon A, Elliot-Hunt CR et al. Galanin - 25 years with a multitalented neuropeptide: galanin acts as a trophic factor to the central and peripheral nervous systems. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 65(12), 1806-1812 (2008).
    • (2008) Cell. Mol. Life Sci , vol.65 , Issue.12 , pp. 1806-1812
    • Hobson, S.A.1    Bacon, A.2    Elliot-Hunt, C.R.3
  • 148
    • 0023728879 scopus 로고
    • Galanin hyperinnervates surviving neurons of the human basal nucleus of Meynert in dementias of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease: A hypothesis for the role of galanin in accentuating cholinergic dysfunction in dementia
    • Chan-Palay V. Galanin hyperinnervates surviving neurons of the human basal nucleus of Meynert in dementias of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease: a hypothesis for the role of galanin in accentuating cholinergic dysfunction in dementia. J. Comp. Neurol. 273(4), 543-557 (1988).
    • (1988) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.273 , Issue.4 , pp. 543-557
    • Chan-Palay, V.1
  • 149
    • 2342580152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Counts SE, Perez SE, Ginsberg SD, De Lacalle S, Mufson EJ. Galanin in Alzheimer disease. Mol. Interv. 3(3), 137-156 (2003).
    • Counts SE, Perez SE, Ginsberg SD, De Lacalle S, Mufson EJ. Galanin in Alzheimer disease. Mol. Interv. 3(3), 137-156 (2003).
  • 150
    • 0027324260 scopus 로고
    • Galaninergic innervation of the cholinergic vertical limb of the diagonal band (Ch2) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in aging, Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome
    • Mufson EJ, Cochran E, Benzing W, Kordower JH. Galaninergic innervation of the cholinergic vertical limb of the diagonal band (Ch2) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in aging, Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome. Dementia 4(5), 237-250 (1993).
    • (1993) Dementia , vol.4 , Issue.5 , pp. 237-250
    • Mufson, E.J.1    Cochran, E.2    Benzing, W.3    Kordower, J.H.4
  • 151
    • 33645104059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galanin fiber hypertrophy within the cholinergic nucleus basalis during the progression of Alzheimer's disease
    • Counts SE, Chen EY, Che S et al. Galanin fiber hypertrophy within the cholinergic nucleus basalis during the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 21(4), 205-214 (2006).
    • (2006) Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 205-214
    • Counts, S.E.1    Chen, E.Y.2    Che, S.3
  • 152
    • 0036095993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel excitatory actions of galanin on rat cholinergic basal forebrain neurons: Implications for its role in Alzheimer's disease
    • Jhamandas JH, Harris KH, MacTavish D, Jassar BS. Novel excitatory actions of galanin on rat cholinergic basal forebrain neurons: implications for its role in Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurophysiol. 87(2), 696-704 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Neurophysiol , vol.87 , Issue.2 , pp. 696-704
    • Jhamandas, J.H.1    Harris, K.H.2    MacTavish, D.3    Jassar, B.S.4
  • 153
    • 30744448642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galanin attenuates β-amyloid (Aβ) toxicity in rat cholinergic basal forebrain neurons
    • Ding X, MacTavish D, Kar S, Jhamandas JH. Galanin attenuates β-amyloid (Aβ) toxicity in rat cholinergic basal forebrain neurons. Neurobiol. Dis. 21(2), 413-420 (2006).
    • (2006) Neurobiol. Dis , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 413-420
    • Ding, X.1    MacTavish, D.2    Kar, S.3    Jhamandas, J.H.4
  • 154
    • 20444363135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Galanin plasticity in the cholinergic basal forebrain in Alzheimer's disease and transgenic mice
    • Mufson EJ, Counts SE, Perez SE, Binder L. Galanin plasticity in the cholinergic basal forebrain in Alzheimer's disease and transgenic mice. Neuropeptides 39(3), 232-236 (2005).
    • (2005) Neuropeptides , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 232-236
    • Mufson, E.J.1    Counts, S.E.2    Perez, S.E.3    Binder, L.4
  • 155
    • 0029569152 scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation of paired helical filament tau in Alzheimer's disease neurofibrillary lesions: Focusing on phosphatases
    • Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM. Phosphorylation of paired helical filament tau in Alzheimer's disease neurofibrillary lesions: focusing on phosphatases. Faseb J. 9(15), 1570-1576 (1995).
    • (1995) Faseb J , vol.9 , Issue.15 , pp. 1570-1576
    • Trojanowski, J.Q.1    Lee, V.M.2
  • 156
    • 0035859885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Receptor subtype-specific pronociceptive and analgesic actions of galanin in the spinal cord: Selective actions via GalR1 and GalR2 receptors
    • Liu HX, Brumovsky P, Schmidt R et al. Receptor subtype-specific pronociceptive and analgesic actions of galanin in the spinal cord: selective actions via GalR1 and GalR2 receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98(17), 9960-9964 (2001).
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98 , Issue.17 , pp. 9960-9964
    • Liu, H.X.1    Brumovsky, P.2    Schmidt, R.3
  • 157
    • 0037439628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The second galanin receptor GalR2 plays a key role in neurite outgrowth from adult sensory neurons
    • Mahoney SA, Hosking R, Farrant S et al. The second galanin receptor GalR2 plays a key role in neurite outgrowth from adult sensory neurons. J. Neurosci. 23(2), 416-421 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Neurosci , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 416-421
    • Mahoney, S.A.1    Hosking, R.2    Farrant, S.3
  • 158
    • 0031039835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor induces galanin gene expression in the rat basal forebrain: Implications for the treatment of cholinergic dysfunction
    • Planas B, Kolb PE, Raskind MA, Miller MA. Nerve growth factor induces galanin gene expression in the rat basal forebrain: implications for the treatment of cholinergic dysfunction. J. Comp. Neurol. 379(4), 563-570 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.379 , Issue.4 , pp. 563-570
    • Planas, B.1    Kolb, P.E.2    Raskind, M.A.3    Miller, M.A.4
  • 159
    • 34248572114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinesterase inhibitors reduce cortical A? in dementia with Lewy bodies
    • Ballard CG, Chalmers KA, Todd C et al. Cholinesterase inhibitors reduce cortical A? in dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology 68(20), 1726-1729 (2007).
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.68 , Issue.20 , pp. 1726-1729
    • Ballard, C.G.1    Chalmers, K.A.2    Todd, C.3
  • 160
    • 0036185530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinesterase inhibitor treatment alters the natural history of Alzheimer's disease
    • Lopez OL, Becker JT, Wisniewski S et al. Cholinesterase inhibitor treatment alters the natural history of Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 72(3), 310-314 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.72 , Issue.3 , pp. 310-314
    • Lopez, O.L.1    Becker, J.T.2    Wisniewski, S.3
  • 161
    • 1842830710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the effects of donepezil on neuronal markers and hippocampal volumes in Alzheimer's disease
    • Krishnan KR, Charles HC, Doraiswamy PM et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the effects of donepezil on neuronal markers and hippocampal volumes in Alzheimer's disease. Am. J. Psychiatry 160(11), 2003-2011 (2003).
    • (2003) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.160 , Issue.11 , pp. 2003-2011
    • Krishnan, K.R.1    Charles, H.C.2    Doraiswamy, P.M.3
  • 162
    • 12844271665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preclinical view of cholinesterase inhibitors in neuroprotection: Do they provide more than symptomatic benefits in Alzheimer's disease?
    • Francis PT, Nordberg A, Arnold SE. A preclinical view of cholinesterase inhibitors in neuroprotection: do they provide more than symptomatic benefits in Alzheimer's disease? Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 26(2), 104-111 (2005).
    • (2005) Trends Pharmacol. Sci , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 104-111
    • Francis, P.T.1    Nordberg, A.2    Arnold, S.E.3
  • 163
    • 33748117752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms behind the neuroprotective actions of cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer disease
    • Nordberg A. Mechanisms behind the neuroprotective actions of cholinesterase inhibitors in Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 20(2 Suppl. 1), S12-S18 (2006).
    • (2006) Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord , vol.20 , Issue.2 SUPPL. 1
    • Nordberg, A.1
  • 164
    • 0029863697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholinesterase accelerates assembly of amyloid-β-peptides into Alzheimer's fibrils: Possible role of the peripheral site of the enzyme
    • Inestrosa NC, Alvarez A, Perez CA et al. Acetylcholinesterase accelerates assembly of amyloid-β-peptides into Alzheimer's fibrils: possible role of the peripheral site of the enzyme. Neuron 16(4), 881-891 (1996).
    • (1996) Neuron , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 881-891
    • Inestrosa, N.C.1    Alvarez, A.2    Perez, C.A.3
  • 165
    • 0033998977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term efficacy and safety of donepezil in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Final analysis of a US multicentre open-label study
    • Rogers SL, Doody RS, Pratt RD, Ieni JR. Long-term efficacy and safety of donepezil in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: final analysis of a US multicentre open-label study. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 10(3), 195-203 (2000).
    • (2000) Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 195-203
    • Rogers, S.L.1    Doody, R.S.2    Pratt, R.D.3    Ieni, J.R.4
  • 166
    • 0029078561 scopus 로고
    • NGF-mediated synaptic sprouting in the cerebral cortex of lesioned primate brain
    • Burgos I, Cuello AC, Liberini P, Pioro E, Masliah E. NGF-mediated synaptic sprouting in the cerebral cortex of lesioned primate brain. Brain Res. 692(1-2), 154-160 (1995).
    • (1995) Brain Res , vol.692 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 154-160
    • Burgos, I.1    Cuello, A.C.2    Liberini, P.3    Pioro, E.4    Masliah, E.5
  • 167
    • 0030605874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atrophy of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons following excitotoxic cortical lesions is reversed by intravenous administration of an NGF conjugate
    • Charles V, Mufson EJ, Friden PM, Bartus RT, Kordower JH. Atrophy of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons following excitotoxic cortical lesions is reversed by intravenous administration of an NGF conjugate. Brain Res. 728(2), 193-203 (1996).
    • (1996) Brain Res , vol.728 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-203
    • Charles, V.1    Mufson, E.J.2    Friden, P.M.3    Bartus, R.T.4    Kordower, J.H.5
  • 168
    • 0024213874 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of nerve growth factor's effects on development of septum, striatum, and nucleus basalis cholinergic neurons
    • Hartikka J, Hefti F. Comparison of nerve growth factor's effects on development of septum, striatum, and nucleus basalis cholinergic neurons. J. Neurosci. Res. 21(2-4), 352-364 (1988).
    • (1988) J. Neurosci. Res , vol.21 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 352-364
    • Hartikka, J.1    Hefti, F.2
  • 169
    • 0023948713 scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor promotes survival of cultured magnocellular cholinergic neurons from nucleus basalis of Meynert in postnatal rats
    • Hatanaka H, Nihonmatsu I, Tsukui H. Nerve growth factor promotes survival of cultured magnocellular cholinergic neurons from nucleus basalis of Meynert in postnatal rats. Neurosci. Lett. 90(1-2), 63-68 (1988).
    • (1988) Neurosci. Lett , vol.90 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 63-68
    • Hatanaka, H.1    Nihonmatsu, I.2    Tsukui, H.3
  • 170
    • 0022486717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hefti F. Nerve growth factor promotes survival of septal cholinergic neurons after fimbrial transections. J. Neurosci. 6(8), 2155-2162 (1986). • Seminal study revealing that exogenous NGF rescues septohippocampal cholinergic neuron loss following transection of the fimbria-fornix pathway.
    • Hefti F. Nerve growth factor promotes survival of septal cholinergic neurons after fimbrial transections. J. Neurosci. 6(8), 2155-2162 (1986). • Seminal study revealing that exogenous NGF rescues septohippocampal cholinergic neuron loss following transection of the fimbria-fornix pathway.
  • 171
    • 0036044105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor and cholinergic CNS neurons studied in organotypic brain slices. Implication in Alzheimer's disease?
    • Humpel C, Weis C. Nerve growth factor and cholinergic CNS neurons studied in organotypic brain slices. Implication in Alzheimer's disease? J. Neural Transm. Suppl. (62), 253-263 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Neural Transm. Suppl , vol.62 , pp. 253-263
    • Humpel, C.1    Weis, C.2
  • 172
    • 0001641539 scopus 로고
    • Continuous infusion of nerve growth factor prevents basal forebrain neuronal death after fimbria fornix transection
    • Williams LR, Varon S, Peterson GM et al. Continuous infusion of nerve growth factor prevents basal forebrain neuronal death after fimbria fornix transection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83(23), 9231-9235 (1986).
    • (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.83 , Issue.23 , pp. 9231-9235
    • Williams, L.R.1    Varon, S.2    Peterson, G.M.3
  • 173
    • 0028237702 scopus 로고
    • Oral administration of NGF synthesis stimulators recovers reduced brain NGF content in aged rats and cognitive dysfunction in basal-forebrain-lesioned rats
    • Nabeshima T, Nitta A, Fuji K, Kameyama T, Hasegawa T. Oral administration of NGF synthesis stimulators recovers reduced brain NGF content in aged rats and cognitive dysfunction in basal-forebrain-lesioned rats. Gerontology 40 (Suppl. 2), 46-56 (1994).
    • (1994) Gerontology , vol.40 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 46-56
    • Nabeshima, T.1    Nitta, A.2    Fuji, K.3    Kameyama, T.4    Hasegawa, T.5
  • 174
    • 0035959515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Down-regulation of trkA mRNA within nucleus basalis neurons in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
    • Chu Y, Cochran EJ, Bennett DA, Mufson EJ, Kordower JH. Down-regulation of trkA mRNA within nucleus basalis neurons in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. J. Comp. Neurol. 437(3), 296-307 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.437 , Issue.3 , pp. 296-307
    • Chu, Y.1    Cochran, E.J.2    Bennett, D.A.3    Mufson, E.J.4    Kordower, J.H.5
  • 175
    • 0033809884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of nucleus basalis neurons containing trkA immunoreactivity in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease
    • Mufson EJ, Ma SY, Cochran EJ et al. Loss of nucleus basalis neurons containing trkA immunoreactivity in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease. J. Comp. Neurol. 427(1), 19-30 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.427 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-30
    • Mufson, E.J.1    Ma, S.Y.2    Cochran, E.J.3
  • 176
    • 0037016848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of basal forebrain P75(NTR) immunoreactivity in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
    • Mufson EJ, Ma SY, Dills J et al. Loss of basal forebrain P75(NTR) immunoreactivity in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. J. Comp. Neurol. 443(2), 136-153 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.443 , Issue.2 , pp. 136-153
    • Mufson, E.J.1    Ma, S.Y.2    Dills, J.3
  • 177
    • 0029904388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophins and Alzheimer's disease: Beyond the cholinergic neurons
    • Knusel B, Gao H. Neurotrophins and Alzheimer's disease: beyond the cholinergic neurons. Life Sci. 58(22), 2019-2027 (1996).
    • (1996) Life Sci , vol.58 , Issue.22 , pp. 2019-2027
    • Knusel, B.1    Gao, H.2
  • 178
    • 0035026831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophic factor therapy - prospects and problems
    • Apfel SC. Neurotrophic factor therapy - prospects and problems. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 39(4), 351-355 (2001).
    • (2001) Clin. Chem. Lab. Med , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. 351-355
    • Apfel, S.C.1
  • 179
    • 0342803126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor treatment in dementia
    • Jonhagen ME. Nerve growth factor treatment in dementia. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 14 (Suppl. 1), S31-S38 (2000).
    • (2000) Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord , vol.14 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Jonhagen, M.E.1
  • 180
    • 0034646215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Phase II trial of nerve growth factor for sensory neuropathy associated with HIV infection. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Team 291
    • McArthur JC, Yiannoutsos C, Simpson DM et al. A Phase II trial of nerve growth factor for sensory neuropathy associated with HIV infection. AIDS Clinical Trials Group Team 291. Neurology 54(5), 1080-1088 (2000).
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , Issue.5 , pp. 1080-1088
    • McArthur, J.C.1    Yiannoutsos, C.2    Simpson, D.M.3
  • 181
    • 0032961275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent developments in the drug treatment of Alzheimer's disease
    • Sramek JJ, Cutler NR. Recent developments in the drug treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Drugs Aging 14(5), 359-373 (1999).
    • (1999) Drugs Aging , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 359-373
    • Sramek, J.J.1    Cutler, N.R.2
  • 182
    • 0036369587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy: What went wrong, what went right, and what does the future hold?
    • Apfel SC. Nerve growth factor for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy: what went wrong, what went right, and what does the future hold? Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 50, 393-413 (2002).
    • (2002) Int. Rev. Neurobiol , vol.50 , pp. 393-413
    • Apfel, S.C.1
  • 183
    • 0031037424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversible Schwann cell hyperplasia and sprouting of sensory and sympathetic neurites after intraventricular administration of nerve growth factor
    • Winkler J, Ramirez GA, Kuhn HG et al. Reversible Schwann cell hyperplasia and sprouting of sensory and sympathetic neurites after intraventricular administration of nerve growth factor. Ann. Neurol. 41(1), 82-93 (1997).
    • (1997) Ann. Neurol , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 82-93
    • Winkler, J.1    Ramirez, G.A.2    Kuhn, H.G.3
  • 184
    • 0029548385 scopus 로고
    • Ex vivo gene therapy for Alzheimer's disease and spinal cord injury
    • Blesch A, Tuszynski M. Ex vivo gene therapy for Alzheimer's disease and spinal cord injury. Clin. Neurosci. 3(5), 268-274 (1995).
    • (1995) Clin. Neurosci , vol.3 , Issue.5 , pp. 268-274
    • Blesch, A.1    Tuszynski, M.2
  • 185
    • 0025599916 scopus 로고
    • Gene therapy in the CNS: Intracerebral grafting of genetically modified cells
    • Gage FH, Rosenberg MB, Tuszynski MH et al. Gene therapy in the CNS: intracerebral grafting of genetically modified cells. Prog. Brain Res. 86, 205-217 (1990).
    • (1990) Prog. Brain Res , vol.86 , pp. 205-217
    • Gage, F.H.1    Rosenberg, M.B.2    Tuszynski, M.H.3
  • 186
  • 187
    • 0020565380 scopus 로고
    • NGF-mediated increase of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the neonatal rat forebrain: Evidence for a physiological role of NGF in the brain?
    • Gnahn H, Hefti F, Heumann R, Schwab ME, Thoenen H. NGF-mediated increase of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the neonatal rat forebrain: evidence for a physiological role of NGF in the brain? Brain Res. 285(1), 45-52 (1983).
    • (1983) Brain Res , vol.285 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-52
    • Gnahn, H.1    Hefti, F.2    Heumann, R.3    Schwab, M.E.4    Thoenen, H.5
  • 188
    • 0024394332 scopus 로고
    • Function of neurotrophic factors in the adult and aging brain and their possible use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases
    • Hefti F, Hartikka J, Knusel B. Function of neurotrophic factors in the adult and aging brain and their possible use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol. Aging 10(5), 515-533 (1989).
    • (1989) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.10 , Issue.5 , pp. 515-533
    • Hefti, F.1    Hartikka, J.2    Knusel, B.3
  • 189
    • 0024709111 scopus 로고
    • NGF induction of NGF receptor gene expression and cholinergic neuronal hypertrophy within the basal forebrain of the adult rat
    • Higgins GA, Koh S, Chen KS, Gage FH. NGF induction of NGF receptor gene expression and cholinergic neuronal hypertrophy within the basal forebrain of the adult rat. Neuron 3(2), 247-256 (1989).
    • (1989) Neuron , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 247-256
    • Higgins, G.A.1    Koh, S.2    Chen, K.S.3    Gage, F.H.4
  • 190
    • 0030002982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene therapy in the adult primate brain: Intraparenchymal grafts of cells genetically modified to produce nerve growth factor prevent cholinergic neuronal degeneration
    • Tuszynski MH, Roberts J, Senut MC, U HS, Gage FH. Gene therapy in the adult primate brain: intraparenchymal grafts of cells genetically modified to produce nerve growth factor prevent cholinergic neuronal degeneration. Gene Ther. 3(4), 305-314 (1996).
    • (1996) Gene Ther , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 305-314
    • Tuszynski, M.H.1    Roberts, J.2    Senut, M.C.3    HS, U.4    Gage, F.H.5
  • 191
    • 0026008812 scopus 로고
    • Recombinant human nerve growth factor infusions prevent cholinergic neuronal degeneration in the adult primate brain
    • Tuszynski MH, Sang H, Yoshida K, Gage FH. Recombinant human nerve growth factor infusions prevent cholinergic neuronal degeneration in the adult primate brain. Ann. Neurol. 30(5), 625-636 (1991).
    • (1991) Ann. Neurol , vol.30 , Issue.5 , pp. 625-636
    • Tuszynski, M.H.1    Sang, H.2    Yoshida, K.3    Gage, F.H.4
  • 192
    • 0025513602 scopus 로고
    • Nerve growth factor infusion in the primate brain reduces lesion-induced cholinergic neuronal degeneration
    • Tuszynski MH, U HS, Amaral DG, Gage FH. Nerve growth factor infusion in the primate brain reduces lesion-induced cholinergic neuronal degeneration. J. Neurosci. 10(11), 3604-3614 (1990).
    • (1990) J. Neurosci , vol.10 , Issue.11 , pp. 3604-3614
    • Tuszynski, M.U.H.1    Amaral, D.G.2    Gage, F.H.3
  • 193
    • 0030601663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-localization of high-affinity neurotrophin receptors in nucleus basalis of Meynert neurons and their differential reduction in Alzheimer's disease
    • Salehi A, Verhaagen J, Dijkhuizen PA, Swaab DF. Co-localization of high-affinity neurotrophin receptors in nucleus basalis of Meynert neurons and their differential reduction in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 75(2), 373-387 (1996).
    • (1996) Neuroscience , vol.75 , Issue.2 , pp. 373-387
    • Salehi, A.1    Verhaagen, J.2    Dijkhuizen, P.A.3    Swaab, D.F.4
  • 194
    • 47149108940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dimebon on cognition, activities of daily living, behaviour, and global function in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Doody RS, Gavrilova SI, Sano M et al. Effect of dimebon on cognition, activities of daily living, behaviour, and global function in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lancet 372(9634), 207-215 (2008).
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , Issue.9634 , pp. 207-215
    • Doody, R.S.1    Gavrilova, S.I.2    Sano, M.3
  • 195
    • 0033806794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delivery of neurotrophic factors to neuronal targets: Toward gene therapy in the CNS
    • Blesch A. Delivery of neurotrophic factors to neuronal targets: toward gene therapy in the CNS. Drug News Perspect. 13(5), 269-280 (2000).
    • (2000) Drug News Perspect , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 269-280
    • Blesch, A.1
  • 196
    • 20944448555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical effects of Aβ immunization (AN1792) in patients with AD in an interrupted trial
    • Gilman S, Koller M, Black RS et al. Clinical effects of Aβ immunization (AN1792) in patients with AD in an interrupted trial. Neurology 64(9), 1553-1562 (2005).
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , Issue.9 , pp. 1553-1562
    • Gilman, S.1    Koller, M.2    Black, R.S.3
  • 197
    • 0038100154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibodies against β-amyloid slow cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease
    • Hock C, Konietzko U, Streffer JR et al. Antibodies against β-amyloid slow cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 38(4), 547-554 (2003).
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 547-554
    • Hock, C.1    Konietzko, U.2    Streffer, J.R.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.