메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 8, 2003, Pages 1029-1046

Synaptic pathology in Alzheimer's disease: A review of ultrastructural studies

Author keywords

Aging; Alzheimer's disease; Association cortex; Cognitive ability; Neurodegeneration; Synapses; Synaptophysin

Indexed keywords

NEUROTRANSMITTER; SYNAPSIN; SYNAPTOPHYSIN;

EID: 0345276568     PISSN: 01974580     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2003.08.002     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (358)

References (105)
  • 1
    • 0023272355 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of synaptic changes in the precentral and postcentral cerebral cortex of aging humans: A quantitative ultrastructural study
    • Adams I. Comparison of synaptic changes in the precentral and postcentral cerebral cortex of aging humans: a quantitative ultrastructural study. Neurobiol. Aging. 8:1987;203-212.
    • (1987) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.8 , pp. 203-212
    • Adams, I.1
  • 2
    • 0023589151 scopus 로고
    • Plasticity of the synaptic contact zone following loss of synapses in the cerebral cortex of aging humans
    • Adams I. Plasticity of the synaptic contact zone following loss of synapses in the cerebral cortex of aging humans. Brain Res. 424:1987;343-351.
    • (1987) Brain Res. , vol.424 , pp. 343-351
    • Adams, I.1
  • 3
    • 0035811050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperphosphorylation induces self-assembly of tau into tangles of paired helical filaments/straight filaments
    • Alonso A., Zaidi T., Novak M., Grundke-Iqbal I., Iqbal K. Hyperphosphorylation induces self-assembly of tau into tangles of paired helical filaments/straight filaments. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98:2001;6923-6928.
    • (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.98 , pp. 6923-6928
    • Alonso, A.1    Zaidi, T.2    Novak, M.3    Grundke-Iqbal, I.4    Iqbal, K.5
  • 5
    • 0002127846 scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal formation
    • Paxinos G, editor. Sydney: Academic Press
    • Amaral DG, Insausti R. Hippocampal formation. In: Paxinos G, editor. The human nervous system. Sydney: Academic Press; 1990. p. 711-55.
    • (1990) The Human Nervous System , pp. 711-755
    • Amaral, D.G.1    Insausti, R.2
  • 6
    • 0023038233 scopus 로고
    • Dendritic changes in the basal nucleus of Meynert and in the diagonal band nucleus in Alzheimer's disease - A quantitative Golgi investigation
    • Arendt T., Zvegintseva H.G., Leontovich T.A. Dendritic changes in the basal nucleus of Meynert and in the diagonal band nucleus in Alzheimer's disease - a quantitative Golgi investigation. Neuroscience. 19:1986;1265-1278.
    • (1986) Neuroscience , vol.19 , pp. 1265-1278
    • Arendt, T.1    Zvegintseva, H.G.2    Leontovich, T.A.3
  • 7
    • 0025717816 scopus 로고
    • The topographical and neuroanatomical distribution of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques in the cerebral cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • Arnold S.E., Hyman B.T., Flory J., Damasio A.R., Van Hoesen G.W. The topographical and neuroanatomical distribution of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques in the cerebral cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Cereb. Cortex. 1:1991;103-116.
    • (1991) Cereb. Cortex , vol.1 , pp. 103-116
    • Arnold, S.E.1    Hyman, B.T.2    Flory, J.3    Damasio, A.R.4    Van Hoesen, G.W.5
  • 8
    • 0024839699 scopus 로고
    • Computer-assisted morphometry of synaptic plasticity during aging and dementia
    • Bertoni-Freddari C., Fattoretti P. Computer-assisted morphometry of synaptic plasticity during aging and dementia. Pathol. Res. Pract. 185:1989;799-802.
    • (1989) Pathol. Res. Pract. , vol.185 , pp. 799-802
    • Bertoni-Freddari, C.1    Fattoretti, P.2
  • 9
    • 0025283380 scopus 로고
    • Morphological adaptive response of the synaptic junctional zones in the human dentate gyrus during aging and Alzheimer's disease
    • Bertoni-Freddari C., Fattoretti P., Casoli T., Meier-Ruge W., Ulrich J. Morphological adaptive response of the synaptic junctional zones in the human dentate gyrus during aging and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. 517:1990;69-75.
    • (1990) Brain Res. , vol.517 , pp. 69-75
    • Bertoni-Freddari, C.1    Fattoretti, P.2    Casoli, T.3    Meier-Ruge, W.4    Ulrich, J.5
  • 10
    • 0023925053 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative morphology of synaptic plasticity in the aging brain
    • Bertoni-Freddari C., Meier-Ruge W., Ulrich J. Quantitative morphology of synaptic plasticity in the aging brain. Scanning Microsc. 2:1988;1027-1034.
    • (1988) Scanning Microsc. , vol.2 , pp. 1027-1034
    • Bertoni-Freddari, C.1    Meier-Ruge, W.2    Ulrich, J.3
  • 11
    • 0014313861 scopus 로고
    • The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile changes in cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects
    • Blessed G., Tomlinson B., Roth M. The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile changes in cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects. Br. J. Psychiatry. 114:1968;797-811.
    • (1968) Br. J. Psychiatry , vol.114 , pp. 797-811
    • Blessed, G.1    Tomlinson, B.2    Roth, M.3
  • 13
    • 0022222640 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral biopsy in the study of Alzheimer's disease
    • Bowen D.M., Neary D. Cerebral biopsy in the study of Alzheimer's disease. Bull. Clin. Neurosci. 50:1985;44-48.
    • (1985) Bull. Clin. Neurosci. , vol.50 , pp. 44-48
    • Bowen, D.M.1    Neary, D.2
  • 14
    • 0025863618 scopus 로고
    • Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes
    • Braak H., Braak E. Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes. Acta Neuropathol. 82:1991;239-259.
    • (1991) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.82 , pp. 239-259
    • Braak, H.1    Braak, E.2
  • 15
    • 0026475167 scopus 로고
    • The human entorhinal cortex: Normal morphology and lamina-specific pathology in various diseases
    • Braak H., Braak E. The human entorhinal cortex: normal morphology and lamina-specific pathology in various diseases. Neurosci. Res. 15:1992;6-31.
    • (1992) Neurosci. Res. , vol.15 , pp. 6-31
    • Braak, H.1    Braak, E.2
  • 16
    • 0026549426 scopus 로고
    • Alteration in the pattern of nerve terminal protein immunoreactivity in the perforant pathway in Alzheimer's disease and in rats after entorhinal lesions
    • Cabalka L.M., Hyman B.T., Goodlett C.R., Ritchie T.C., Van Hoesen G.W. Alteration in the pattern of nerve terminal protein immunoreactivity in the perforant pathway in Alzheimer's disease and in rats after entorhinal lesions. Neurobiol. Aging. 13:1992;283-291.
    • (1992) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.13 , pp. 283-291
    • Cabalka, L.M.1    Hyman, B.T.2    Goodlett, C.R.3    Ritchie, T.C.4    Van Hoesen, G.W.5
  • 17
    • 0000933894 scopus 로고
    • Determination of numerical density of perforated and nonperforated synapses
    • Conn PM, editor. New York: Academic Press
    • Calverley RKS, Jones DG. Determination of numerical density of perforated and nonperforated synapses. In: Conn PM, editor. Quantitative and qualitative microscopy, vol. 3. New York: Academic Press; 1990. p. 155-72.
    • (1990) Quantitative and Qualitative Microscopy , vol.3 , pp. 155-172
    • Rks, C.1    Jones, D.G.2
  • 18
    • 0034077821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic loss is accompanied by an increase in synaptic area in the dentate gyrus of aged human apolipoprotein E4 transgenic mice
    • Cambon K., Davies H.A., Stewart M.G. Synaptic loss is accompanied by an increase in synaptic area in the dentate gyrus of aged human apolipoprotein E4 transgenic mice. Neuroscience. 97:2000;685-692.
    • (2000) Neuroscience , vol.97 , pp. 685-692
    • Cambon, K.1    Davies, H.A.2    Stewart, M.G.3
  • 19
    • 0016613077 scopus 로고
    • The density of synapses and neurons in normal, mentally defective and aging human brains
    • Cragg B.G. The density of synapses and neurons in normal, mentally defective and aging human brains. Brain. 98:1975;81-90.
    • (1975) Brain , vol.98 , pp. 81-90
    • Cragg, B.G.1
  • 20
    • 0028972701 scopus 로고
    • Image analysis of beta-amyloid load in Alzheimer's disease and relation to dementia severity
    • Cummings B.J., Cotman C.W. Image analysis of beta-amyloid load in Alzheimer's disease and relation to dementia severity. Lancet. 346:1995;1524-1528.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 1524-1528
    • Cummings, B.J.1    Cotman, C.W.2
  • 21
    • 0023106967 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative morphometric analysis of the neuronal and synaptic content of the frontal and temporal cortex in patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • Davies C.A., Mann D.M.A., Sumpter P.W., Yates P.O. A quantitative morphometric analysis of the neuronal and synaptic content of the frontal and temporal cortex in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurol. Sci. 78:1987;151-164.
    • (1987) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.78 , pp. 151-164
    • Davies, C.A.1    Mann, D.M.A.2    Sumpter, P.W.3    Yates, P.O.4
  • 22
    • 0025269152 scopus 로고
    • Synapse loss in frontal cortex biopsies in Alzheimer's disease: Correlation with cognitive severity
    • DeKosky S.T., Scheff S.W. Synapse loss in frontal cortex biopsies in Alzheimer's disease: correlation with cognitive severity. Ann. Neurol. 27:1990;457-464.
    • (1990) Ann. Neurol. , vol.27 , pp. 457-464
    • Dekosky, S.T.1    Scheff, S.W.2
  • 23
    • 0021970688 scopus 로고
    • Laminar organization of cholinergic circuits in human frontal cortex in Alzheimer's disease
    • DeKosky S.T., Scheff S.W., Markesbery W.R. Laminar organization of cholinergic circuits in human frontal cortex in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 35:1985;1425-1431.
    • (1985) Neurology , vol.35 , pp. 1425-1431
    • Dekosky, S.T.1    Scheff, S.W.2    Markesbery, W.R.3
  • 25
    • 0003075108 scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitters and neuropeptides
    • Terry R, Katzman R, Bick KL, editors. New York: Raven Press
    • Francis PT, Cross AJ, Bowen DM. Neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. In: Terry R, Katzman R, Bick KL, editors. Alzheimer disease. New York: Raven Press; 1994. p. 247-61.
    • (1994) Alzheimer Disease , pp. 247-261
    • Francis, P.T.1    Cross, A.J.2    Bowen, D.M.3
  • 26
    • 0022891348 scopus 로고
    • Senile plaques as aberrant sprout-stimulating structures
    • Geddes J., Anderson K., Cotman C. Senile plaques as aberrant sprout-stimulating structures. Exp. Neurol. 94:1986;767-776.
    • (1986) Exp. Neurol. , vol.94 , pp. 767-776
    • Geddes, J.1    Anderson, K.2    Cotman, C.3
  • 28
    • 0021063927 scopus 로고
    • EM study of the numbers of cortical synapses in the brains of aging people and people with Alzheimer-type dementia
    • Gibson P.H. EM study of the numbers of cortical synapses in the brains of aging people and people with Alzheimer-type dementia. Acta Neuropathol. 62:1983;127-133.
    • (1983) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.62 , pp. 127-133
    • Gibson, P.H.1
  • 29
    • 0029979798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Profound loss of layer II entorhinal cortex neurons occurs in very mild Alzheimer's disease
    • Gomez-Isla T., Price J.L., McKeel D.W., Morris J.C., Growdon J.H., Hyman B.T. Profound loss of layer II entorhinal cortex neurons occurs in very mild Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci. 16:1996;4491-4500.
    • (1996) J. Neurosci. , vol.16 , pp. 4491-4500
    • Gomez-Isla, T.1    Price, J.L.2    McKeel, D.W.3    Morris, J.C.4    Growdon, J.H.5    Hyman, B.T.6
  • 30
    • 0025218566 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal inputs to hippocampal formation in Alzheimer's disease and in parkinsonism-dementia complex on Guam
    • Goto S., Hirano A. Neuronal inputs to hippocampal formation in Alzheimer's disease and in parkinsonism-dementia complex on Guam. Acta Neuropathol. 79:1990;545-550.
    • (1990) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.79 , pp. 545-550
    • Goto, S.1    Hirano, A.2
  • 31
    • 0001186564 scopus 로고
    • Axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses of the cerebral cortex: An electron microscopic study
    • Gray E. Axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses of the cerebral cortex: an electron microscopic study. J. Anat. 93:1959;420-432.
    • (1959) J. Anat. , vol.93 , pp. 420-432
    • Gray, E.1
  • 32
    • 0024595972 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias
    • Hamos J., DeGennaro L., Drachman D. Synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Neurology. 39:1989;355-361.
    • (1989) Neurology , vol.39 , pp. 355-361
    • Hamos, J.1    Degennaro, L.2    Drachman, D.3
  • 33
    • 0024432819 scopus 로고
    • Intracerebroventricular bethanechol chloride infusion in Alzheimer's disease. Results of a collaborative double-blind study
    • Harbaugh R.E., Reeder T.M., Senter H.J., Knopman D.S., Baskin D.S., Pirozzolo F.et al. Intracerebroventricular bethanechol chloride infusion in Alzheimer's disease. Results of a collaborative double-blind study. J. Neurosurg. 71:1989;481-486.
    • (1989) J. Neurosurg. , vol.71 , pp. 481-486
    • Harbaugh, R.E.1    Reeder, T.M.2    Senter, H.J.3    Knopman, D.S.4    Baskin, D.S.5    Pirozzolo, F.6
  • 34
    • 0028801680 scopus 로고
    • Loss of synaptophysin-like immunoreactivity in the hippocampal formation is an early phenomenon in Alzheimer's disease
    • Heinonen O., Soininen H., Sorvari H., Kosunen O., Paljarvi L., Koivisto E.et al. Loss of synaptophysin-like immunoreactivity in the hippocampal formation is an early phenomenon in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience. 64:1995;375-384.
    • (1995) Neuroscience , vol.64 , pp. 375-384
    • Heinonen, O.1    Soininen, H.2    Sorvari, H.3    Kosunen, O.4    Paljarvi, L.5    Koivisto, E.6
  • 35
    • 0021359730 scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal relationship between size of postsynaptic densities and their number: Constancy in contact area
    • Hillman D.E., Chen S. Reciprocal relationship between size of postsynaptic densities and their number: constancy in contact area. Brain Res. 295:1984;325-343.
    • (1984) Brain Res. , vol.295 , pp. 325-343
    • Hillman, D.E.1    Chen, S.2
  • 36
    • 0037226680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereologic evidence for persistence of viable neurons in layer II of the entorhinal cortex and the CA1 field in Alzheimer disease
    • Hof P.R., Bussiere T., Gold G., Kovari E., Giannakopoulos P., Bouras C. et al. Stereologic evidence for persistence of viable neurons in layer II of the entorhinal cortex and the CA1 field in Alzheimer disease. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 62:2003;55-67.
    • (2003) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.62 , pp. 55-67
    • Hof, P.R.1    Bussiere, T.2    Gold, G.3    Kovari, E.4    Giannakopoulos, P.5    Bouras, C.6
  • 37
    • 0025036899 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of a vulnerable subset of pyramidal neurons in Alzheimer's disease. I. Superior frontal and inferior temporal cortex
    • Hof P.R., Cox K., Morrison J.H. Quantitative analysis of a vulnerable subset of pyramidal neurons in Alzheimer's disease. I. Superior frontal and inferior temporal cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 301:1990;44-54.
    • (1990) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.301 , pp. 44-54
    • Hof, P.R.1    Cox, K.2    Morrison, J.H.3
  • 38
    • 0019447418 scopus 로고
    • A new type of lesion-induced synaptogenesis. I. Synaptic turnover in non-denervated zones of the dentate gyrus in young adult rats
    • Hoff S.F., Scheff S.W., Kwan A.Y., Cotman C.W. A new type of lesion-induced synaptogenesis. I. Synaptic turnover in non-denervated zones of the dentate gyrus in young adult rats. Brain Res. 222:1981;1-13.
    • (1981) Brain Res. , vol.222 , pp. 1-13
    • Hoff, S.F.1    Scheff, S.W.2    Kwan, A.Y.3    Cotman, C.W.4
  • 41
    • 0018376668 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic density in human frontal cortex-developmental changes and effects of aging
    • Huttenlocher P.R. Synaptic density in human frontal cortex-developmental changes and effects of aging. Brain Res. 163:1979;195-205.
    • (1979) Brain Res. , vol.163 , pp. 195-205
    • Huttenlocher, P.R.1
  • 42
    • 0022535539 scopus 로고
    • Perforant pathway changes and memory impairment of Alzheimer's disease
    • Hyman B., Van Hoesen G., Kromer L., Damasio A. Perforant pathway changes and memory impairment of Alzheimer's disease. Ann. Neurol. 20:1986;472-481.
    • (1986) Ann. Neurol. , vol.20 , pp. 472-481
    • Hyman, B.1    Van Hoesen, G.2    Kromer, L.3    Damasio, A.4
  • 43
    • 0023708239 scopus 로고
    • Massive somatodendritic sprouting of cortical neurons in Alzheimer's disease
    • Ihara Y. Massive somatodendritic sprouting of cortical neurons in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. 459:1988;138-144.
    • (1988) Brain Res. , vol.459 , pp. 138-144
    • Ihara, Y.1
  • 44
    • 0022414054 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
    • Khachaturian Z.D. Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Arch. Neurol. 42:1985;1097-1105.
    • (1985) Arch. Neurol. , vol.42 , pp. 1097-1105
    • Khachaturian, Z.D.1
  • 46
    • 0029981501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical synaptic changes and gliosis in normal aging, Alzheimer's disease and frontal lobe degeneration
    • Liu X., Erikson C., Brun A. Cortical synaptic changes and gliosis in normal aging, Alzheimer's disease and frontal lobe degeneration. Dementia. 7:1996;128-134.
    • (1996) Dementia , vol.7 , pp. 128-134
    • Liu, X.1    Erikson, C.2    Brun, A.3
  • 47
    • 0029073455 scopus 로고
    • Elevated thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and antioxidant enzyme activity in the brain in Alzheimer's disease
    • Lovell M.A., Ehmann W.D., Butler S.M., Markesbery W.R. Elevated thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and antioxidant enzyme activity in the brain in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 45:1995;1594-1601.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1594-1601
    • Lovell, M.A.1    Ehmann, W.D.2    Butler, S.M.3    Markesbery, W.R.4
  • 48
    • 0035112495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acrolein is increased in Alzheimer's disease brain and is toxic to primary hippocampal cultures
    • Lovell M.A., Xie C., Markesbery W.R. Acrolein is increased in Alzheimer's disease brain and is toxic to primary hippocampal cultures. Neurobiol. Aging. 22:2001;187-194.
    • (2001) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.22 , pp. 187-194
    • Lovell, M.A.1    Xie, C.2    Markesbery, W.R.3
  • 49
    • 0032902974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative alterations in Alzheimer's disease
    • Markesbery W.R., Carney J.M. Oxidative alterations in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol. 9:1999;133-146.
    • (1999) Brain Pathol. , vol.9 , pp. 133-146
    • Markesbery, W.R.1    Carney, J.M.2
  • 50
    • 0031980065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Four-hydroxynonenal, a product of lipid peroxidation, is increased in the brain in Alzheimer's disease
    • Markesbery W.R., Lovell M.A. Four-hydroxynonenal, a product of lipid peroxidation, is increased in the brain in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging. 19:1998;33-36.
    • (1998) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.19 , pp. 33-36
    • Markesbery, W.R.1    Lovell, M.A.2
  • 51
    • 0023179632 scopus 로고
    • Cortical biopsy results in Alzheimer's disease: Correlation with cognitive deficits
    • Martin E.M., Wilson R.S., Penn R.D., Fox J.H., Clasen R.A., Savoy S.M. Cortical biopsy results in Alzheimer's disease: correlation with cognitive deficits. Neurology. 37:1987;1201-1204.
    • (1987) Neurology , vol.37 , pp. 1201-1204
    • Martin, E.M.1    Wilson, R.S.2    Penn, R.D.3    Fox, J.H.4    Clasen, R.A.5    Savoy, S.M.6
  • 52
    • 0026691420 scopus 로고
    • Three dimensional analysis of the relationship between synaptic pathology and neuropil threads in Alzheimer disease
    • Masliah E., Ellisman M., Carragher B., Mallory M., Young S., Hansen L.et al. Three dimensional analysis of the relationship between synaptic pathology and neuropil threads in Alzheimer disease. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 51:1992;404-414.
    • (1992) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.51 , pp. 404-414
    • Masliah, E.1    Ellisman, M.2    Carragher, B.3    Mallory, M.4    Young, S.5    Hansen, L.6
  • 54
    • 0027292769 scopus 로고
    • Differing patterns of aberrant neuronal sprouting in Alzheimer's disease with and without Lewy bodies
    • Masliah E., Mallory M., DeTeresa R., Alford M., Hansen L. Differing patterns of aberrant neuronal sprouting in Alzheimer's disease with and without Lewy bodies. Brain Res. 617:1993;258-266.
    • (1993) Brain Res. , vol.617 , pp. 258-266
    • Masliah, E.1    Mallory, M.2    Deteresa, R.3    Alford, M.4    Hansen, L.5
  • 56
    • 0024364877 scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical quantification of the synapse-related protein synaptophysin in Alzheimer disease
    • Masliah E., Terry R., DeTeresa R., Hansen L. Immunohistochemical quantification of the synapse-related protein synaptophysin in Alzheimer disease. Neurosci. Lett. 103:1989;234-239.
    • (1989) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.103 , pp. 234-239
    • Masliah, E.1    Terry, R.2    Deteresa, R.3    Hansen, L.4
  • 57
    • 0025330775 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative immunohistochemistry of synaptophysin in human neocortex: An alternative method to estimate density of presynaptic terminals in paraffin sections
    • Masliah E., Terry R.D., Alford M., DeTeresa R. Quantitative immunohistochemistry of synaptophysin in human neocortex: an alternative method to estimate density of presynaptic terminals in paraffin sections. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 38:1990;837-844.
    • (1990) J. Histochem. Cytochem. , vol.38 , pp. 837-844
    • Masliah, E.1    Terry, R.D.2    Alford, M.3    Deteresa, R.4
  • 58
    • 0026032039 scopus 로고
    • Cortical and subcortical patterns of synaptophysin-like immunoreactivity in Alzheimer's disease
    • Masliah E., Terry R.D., Alford M., DeTeresa R., Hansen L.A. Cortical and subcortical patterns of synaptophysin-like immunoreactivity in Alzheimer's disease. Am. J. Pathol. 138:1991;235-246.
    • (1991) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.138 , pp. 235-246
    • Masliah, E.1    Terry, R.D.2    Alford, M.3    Deteresa, R.4    Hansen, L.A.5
  • 59
    • 0025600931 scopus 로고
    • Diffuse plaques do not accentuate synapse loss in Alzheimer's disease
    • Masliah E., Terry R.D., Mallory M., Alford M., Hansen L.A. Diffuse plaques do not accentuate synapse loss in Alzheimer's disease. Am. J. Pathol. 137:1990;1293-1297.
    • (1990) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.137 , pp. 1293-1297
    • Masliah, E.1    Terry, R.D.2    Mallory, M.3    Alford, M.4    Hansen, L.A.5
  • 60
    • 0029968229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • If you assume, you can make an ass out of u and me: A decade of the disector for stereological counting of particles in a 3D space
    • Mayhew T., Gundersen H. If you assume, you can make an ass out of u and me: a decade of the disector for stereological counting of particles in a 3D space. J. Anat. 188:1996;1-15.
    • (1996) J. Anat. , vol.188 , pp. 1-15
    • Mayhew, T.1    Gundersen, H.2
  • 62
    • 0029892175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral amyloid deposition and diffuse plaques in "normal" aging: Evidence for presymptomatic and very mild Alzheimer's disease
    • Morris J.C., Storandt M., McKeel S.W., Rubin E.H., Price J.L., Grant E.A.et al. Cerebral amyloid deposition and diffuse plaques in "normal" aging: evidence for presymptomatic and very mild Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 46:1996;707-719.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 707-719
    • Morris, J.C.1    Storandt, M.2    McKeel, S.W.3    Rubin, E.H.4    Price, J.L.5    Grant, E.A.6
  • 63
    • 0026377773 scopus 로고
    • An anatomic substrate for visual disconnection in Alzheimer's disease
    • Morrison J.H., Hof P.R., Bouras C. An anatomic substrate for visual disconnection in Alzheimer's disease. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 640:1991;36-43.
    • (1991) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.640 , pp. 36-43
    • Morrison, J.H.1    Hof, P.R.2    Bouras, C.3
  • 64
  • 65
    • 0028019672 scopus 로고
    • Are you using the neuronal densities, synaptic densities or neurochemical densities as your definitive data? There is a better way to go
    • Oorschot D. Are you using the neuronal densities, synaptic densities or neurochemical densities as your definitive data? There is a better way to go. Prog. Neurobiol. 44:1994;233-247.
    • (1994) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.44 , pp. 233-247
    • Oorschot, D.1
  • 66
    • 77049268148 scopus 로고
    • Synapses in the central nervous system
    • Palay S.L. Synapses in the central nervous system. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 2(Suppl.):1956;193-202.
    • (1956) J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. , vol.2 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 193-202
    • Palay, S.L.1
  • 68
    • 0023024547 scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease: Maintenance of neuronal and synaptic densities in frontal cortical layers II and III
    • Paula-Barbosa M.M., Saraiva A., Tavares M.A., Borges M.M., Verwer R.W.H. Alzheimer's disease: maintenance of neuronal and synaptic densities in frontal cortical layers II and III. Acta Neurol. Scand. 74:1986;404-408.
    • (1986) Acta Neurol. Scand. , vol.74 , pp. 404-408
    • Paula-Barbosa, M.M.1    Saraiva, A.2    Tavares, M.A.3    Borges, M.M.4    Verwer, R.W.H.5
  • 69
    • 0345512210 scopus 로고
    • Anatomical correlates of the distribution of the pathological changes in the neocortex in Alzheimer disease
    • Pearson R.C., Esiri M.M., Hiorns R.W., Wilcock G.K., Powell T.P. Anatomical correlates of the distribution of the pathological changes in the neocortex in Alzheimer disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82:1985;4531-4534.
    • (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.82 , pp. 4531-4534
    • Pearson, R.C.1    Esiri, M.M.2    Hiorns, R.W.3    Wilcock, G.K.4    Powell, T.P.5
  • 70
    • 0021191259 scopus 로고
    • Synapsin I (protein I) in different brain regions in senile dementia of Alzheimer type and in multiinfarct dementia
    • Perdahl E., Adolfsson R., Alafuzoff I., Albert K.A., Nestler E.J., Greengard P.et al. Synapsin I (protein I) in different brain regions in senile dementia of Alzheimer type and in multiinfarct dementia. J. Neural Transm. 60:1984;133-141.
    • (1984) J. Neural Transm. , vol.60 , pp. 133-141
    • Perdahl, E.1    Adolfsson, R.2    Alafuzoff, I.3    Albert, K.A.4    Nestler, E.J.5    Greengard, P.6
  • 71
    • 0025280882 scopus 로고
    • Quantifying synaptic number and structure: Effects of stain and post-mortem delay
    • Petit T.L., LeBoutillier J.C. Quantifying synaptic number and structure: effects of stain and post-mortem delay. Brain Res. 517:1990;269-275.
    • (1990) Brain Res. , vol.517 , pp. 269-275
    • Petit, T.L.1    Leboutillier, J.C.2
  • 72
    • 0032989712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tangles and plaques in nondemented aging and "preclinical" Alzheimer's disease
    • Price J.L., Morris J.C. Tangles and plaques in nondemented aging and "preclinical" Alzheimer's disease. Ann. Neurol. 45:1999;358-368.
    • (1999) Ann. Neurol. , vol.45 , pp. 358-368
    • Price, J.L.1    Morris, J.C.2
  • 73
    • 0020541135 scopus 로고
    • Neuritic plaques in senile dementia of Alzheimer type: A Golgi analysis in the hippocampal region
    • Probst A., Basler V., Bron B., Ulrich J. Neuritic plaques in senile dementia of Alzheimer type: a Golgi analysis in the hippocampal region. Brain Res. 268:1983;249-254.
    • (1983) Brain Res. , vol.268 , pp. 249-254
    • Probst, A.1    Basler, V.2    Bron, B.3    Ulrich, J.4
  • 74
    • 0019967975 scopus 로고
    • The Global Deterioration Scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia
    • Reisberg B., Ferris S.H., de Leon M.J., Crook T. The Global Deterioration Scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia. Am. J. Psychiatry. 139:1982;1136-1139.
    • (1982) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.139 , pp. 1136-1139
    • Reisberg, B.1    Ferris, S.H.2    De Leon, M.J.3    Crook, T.4
  • 75
    • 0023734831 scopus 로고
    • Is senile dementia of the Alzheimer type associated with hippocampal plasticity?
    • Represa A., Duyckaerts C., Tremblay E., Hauw J.J., Ben-Ari Y. Is senile dementia of the Alzheimer type associated with hippocampal plasticity? Brain Res. 457:1988;355-359.
    • (1988) Brain Res. , vol.457 , pp. 355-359
    • Represa, A.1    Duyckaerts, C.2    Tremblay, E.3    Hauw, J.J.4    Ben-Ari, Y.5
  • 76
    • 0022401271 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative morphology and regional and laminar distributions of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease
    • Rogers J., Morrison J.H. Quantitative morphology and regional and laminar distributions of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci. 5:1985;2801-2808.
    • (1985) J. Neurosci. , vol.5 , pp. 2801-2808
    • Rogers, J.1    Morrison, J.H.2
  • 77
    • 0027973771 scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal connectivity and Alzheimer's dementia: Effects of synapse loss and tangle frequency in a two-component model
    • Samuel W., Masliah E., Hill L.R., Butters N., Terry R. Hippocampal connectivity and Alzheimer's dementia: effects of synapse loss and tangle frequency in a two-component model. Neurology. 44:1994;2081-2088.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 2081-2088
    • Samuel, W.1    Masliah, E.2    Hill, L.R.3    Butters, N.4    Terry, R.5
  • 78
    • 0025217385 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative assessment of cortical synaptic density in Alzheimer's disease
    • Scheff S.W., DeKosky S.T., Price D.A. Quantitative assessment of cortical synaptic density in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging. 11:1990;29-37.
    • (1990) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.11 , pp. 29-37
    • Scheff, S.W.1    Dekosky, S.T.2    Price, D.A.3
  • 79
    • 0027400026 scopus 로고
    • Synapse loss in the temporal lobe in Alzheimer's disease
    • Scheff S.W., Price D.A. Synapse loss in the temporal lobe in Alzheimer's disease. Ann. Neurol. 33:1993;190-199.
    • (1993) Ann. Neurol. , vol.33 , pp. 190-199
    • Scheff, S.W.1    Price, D.A.2
  • 80
    • 0031743132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic density in the inner molecular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in Alzheimer disease
    • Scheff S.W., Price D.A. Synaptic density in the inner molecular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in Alzheimer disease. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 57:1998;1146-1153.
    • (1998) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.57 , pp. 1146-1153
    • Scheff, S.W.1    Price, D.A.2
  • 81
    • 0034766709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease-related synapse loss in the cingulate cortex
    • Scheff S.W., Price D.A. Alzheimer's disease-related synapse loss in the cingulate cortex. J. Alzheimer Dis. 3:2001;495-505.
    • (2001) J. Alzheimer Dis. , vol.3 , pp. 495-505
    • Scheff, S.W.1    Price, D.A.2
  • 82
    • 0034990224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative assessment of possible age-related change in synaptic numbers in the human frontal cortex
    • Scheff S.W., Price D.A., Sparks D.L. Quantitative assessment of possible age-related change in synaptic numbers in the human frontal cortex. Neurobiol. Aging. 22:2001;355-365.
    • (2001) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.22 , pp. 355-365
    • Scheff, S.W.1    Price, D.A.2    Sparks, D.L.3
  • 83
    • 0027261146 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative assessment of synaptic density in the entorhinal cortex in Alzheimer's disease
    • Scheff S.W., Sparks D.L., Price D.A. Quantitative assessment of synaptic density in the entorhinal cortex in Alzheimer's disease. Ann. Neurol. 34:1993;356-361.
    • (1993) Ann. Neurol. , vol.34 , pp. 356-361
    • Scheff, S.W.1    Sparks, D.L.2    Price, D.A.3
  • 84
    • 0029793008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative assessment of synaptic density in the outer molecular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in Alzheimer's disease
    • Scheff S.W., Sparks D.L., Price D.A. Quantitative assessment of synaptic density in the outer molecular layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in Alzheimer's disease. Dementia. 7:1996;213-220.
    • (1996) Dementia , vol.7 , pp. 213-220
    • Scheff, S.W.1    Sparks, D.L.2    Price, D.A.3
  • 85
    • 0025874908 scopus 로고
    • Volumetric atrophy of the amygdala in Alzheimer's disease: Quantitative serial reconstruction
    • Scott S.A., DeKosky S.T., Scheff S.W. Volumetric atrophy of the amygdala in Alzheimer's disease: quantitative serial reconstruction. Neurology. 41:1991;351-356.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 351-356
    • Scott, S.A.1    Dekosky, S.T.2    Scheff, S.W.3
  • 87
    • 0031046970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Volume and number of neurons of the human hippocampal formation in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease
    • Simic G., Kostovic I., Winglad B., Bogdanovic N. Volume and number of neurons of the human hippocampal formation in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. J. Comp. Neurol. 379:1997;482-494.
    • (1997) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.379 , pp. 482-494
    • Simic, G.1    Kostovic, I.2    Winglad, B.3    Bogdanovic, N.4
  • 88
    • 0035433962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease and Abeta toxicity: From top to bottom
    • Small D.H., Mok S.S., Bornstein J.C. Alzheimer's disease and Abeta toxicity: from top to bottom. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2:2001;595-598.
    • (2001) Nat. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.2 , pp. 595-598
    • Small, D.H.1    Mok, S.S.2    Bornstein, J.C.3
  • 89
    • 9844226208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary artery disease, hypertension, ApoE, and cholesterol: A link to Alzheimer's disease?
    • Sparks D.L. Coronary artery disease, hypertension, ApoE, and cholesterol: a link to Alzheimer's disease? Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 826:1997;128-146.
    • (1997) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.826 , pp. 128-146
    • Sparks, D.L.1
  • 92
    • 0037128935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tau blocks traffic of organelles, neurofilaments, and APP vesicles in neurons and enhances oxidative stress
    • Stamer K., Vogel R., Thies E., Mandelkow E., Mandelkow E.M. Tau blocks traffic of organelles, neurofilaments, and APP vesicles in neurons and enhances oxidative stress. J. Cell Biol. 156:2002;1051-1063.
    • (2002) J. Cell Biol. , vol.156 , pp. 1051-1063
    • Stamer, K.1    Vogel, R.2    Thies, E.3    Mandelkow, E.4    Mandelkow, E.M.5
  • 93
    • 0030872413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of the presynaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin in hippocampus correlates with cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease
    • Sze C.I., Troncoso J.C., Kawas C., Mouton P., Price D.L., Martin L.J. Loss of the presynaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin in hippocampus correlates with cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 56:1997;933-944.
    • (1997) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.56 , pp. 933-944
    • Sze, C.I.1    Troncoso, J.C.2    Kawas, C.3    Mouton, P.4    Price, D.L.5    Martin, L.J.6
  • 94
    • 0025987048 scopus 로고
    • Physical basis of cognitive alterations in Alzheimer's disease: Synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment
    • Terry R.D., Masliah E., Salmon D.P., Butters N., DeTeresa R., Hill R.et al. Physical basis of cognitive alterations in Alzheimer's disease: synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment. Ann. Neurol. 30:1991;572-580.
    • (1991) Ann. Neurol. , vol.30 , pp. 572-580
    • Terry, R.D.1    Masliah, E.2    Salmon, D.P.3    Butters, N.4    Deteresa, R.5    Hill, R.6
  • 95
    • 0026952546 scopus 로고
    • Reorganization of cingulate cortex in Alzheimer's disease: Neuron loss, neuritic plaques, and muscarinic receptor binding
    • Vogt B.A., Crino P.B., Vogt L.J. Reorganization of cingulate cortex in Alzheimer's disease: neuron loss, neuritic plaques, and muscarinic receptor binding. Cereb. Cortex. 2:1992;526-535.
    • (1992) Cereb. Cortex , vol.2 , pp. 526-535
    • Vogt, B.A.1    Crino, P.B.2    Vogt, L.J.3
  • 96
    • 0025942345 scopus 로고
    • Laminar alterations in gamma-aminobutyric acidA, muscarinic, and beta adrenoceptors and neuron degeneration in cingulate cortex in Alzheimer's disease
    • Vogt B.A., Crino P.B., Volicer L. Laminar alterations in gamma-aminobutyric acidA, muscarinic, and beta adrenoceptors and neuron degeneration in cingulate cortex in Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurochem. 57:1991;282-290.
    • (1991) J. Neurochem. , vol.57 , pp. 282-290
    • Vogt, B.A.1    Crino, P.B.2    Volicer, L.3
  • 97
    • 0023184512 scopus 로고
    • Cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey. II. Cortical afferents
    • Vogt B.A., Pandya D.N. Cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey. II. Cortical afferents. J. Comp. Neurol. 262:1987;271-289.
    • (1987) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.262 , pp. 271-289
    • Vogt, B.A.1    Pandya, D.N.2
  • 98
    • 0023202546 scopus 로고
    • Cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey. I. Cytoarchitecture and thalamic afferents
    • Vogt B.A., Pandya D.N., Rosene D.L. Cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey. I. Cytoarchitecture and thalamic afferents. J. Comp. Neurol. 262:1987;256-270.
    • (1987) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.262 , pp. 256-270
    • Vogt, B.A.1    Pandya, D.N.2    Rosene, D.L.3
  • 99
    • 0025172064 scopus 로고
    • Laminar distribution of neuron degeneration in posterior cingulate cortex in Alzheimer's disease
    • Vogt B.A., Van Hoesen G.W., Vogt L.J. Laminar distribution of neuron degeneration in posterior cingulate cortex in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol. 80:1990;581-589.
    • (1990) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.80 , pp. 581-589
    • Vogt, B.A.1    Van Hoesen, G.W.2    Vogt, L.J.3
  • 100
    • 0031691459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate analysis of laminar patterns of neurodegeneration in posterior cingulate cortex in Alzheimer's disease
    • Vogt B.A., Vogt L.J., Vrana K.E., Gioia L., Meadows R.S., Challa V.R.et al. Multivariate analysis of laminar patterns of neurodegeneration in posterior cingulate cortex in Alzheimer's disease. Exp. Neurol. 153:1998;8-22.
    • (1998) Exp. Neurol. , vol.153 , pp. 8-22
    • Vogt, B.A.1    Vogt, L.J.2    Vrana, K.E.3    Gioia, L.4    Meadows, R.S.5    Challa, V.R.6
  • 101
    • 0028587094 scopus 로고
    • Synapse alterations in the hippocampal-entorhinal function in Alzheimer's disease with and without Lewy body disease
    • Wakabayaski K., Honer W.G., Masliah E. Synapse alterations in the hippocampal-entorhinal function in Alzheimer's disease with and without Lewy body disease. Brain Res. 667:1994;24-32.
    • (1994) Brain Res. , vol.667 , pp. 24-32
    • Wakabayaski, K.1    Honer, W.G.2    Masliah, E.3
  • 102
    • 0033083082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereological methods for estimating the total number of neurons and synapses: Issues of precision and bias
    • West M.J. Stereological methods for estimating the total number of neurons and synapses: issues of precision and bias. Trends Neurosci. 22:1999;51-61.
    • (1999) Trends Neurosci. , vol.22 , pp. 51-61
    • West, M.J.1
  • 103
    • 0028122463 scopus 로고
    • Differences in the pattern of hippocampal neuronal loss in normal ageing and Alzheimer's disease
    • West M.J., Coleman P.D., Flood D.G., Troncoso J.C. Differences in the pattern of hippocampal neuronal loss in normal ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Lancet. 344:1994;769-772.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 769-772
    • West, M.J.1    Coleman, P.D.2    Flood, D.G.3    Troncoso, J.C.4
  • 104
    • 0037343844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defects in expression of genes related to synaptic vesicle trafficking in frontal cortex of Alzheimer's disease
    • Yao P.J., Zhu M., Pyun E.I., Brooks A.I., Therianos S., Meyers V.E.et al. Defects in expression of genes related to synaptic vesicle trafficking in frontal cortex of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Dis. 12:2003;97-109.
    • (2003) Neurobiol. Dis. , vol.12 , pp. 97-109
    • Yao, P.J.1    Zhu, M.2    Pyun, E.I.3    Brooks, A.I.4    Therianos, S.5    Meyers, V.E.6
  • 105
    • 0027229615 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative assessment of the synaptophysin immuno-reactivity of the cortical neuropil in various neurodegenerative disorders with dementia
    • Zhan S.-S., Beyreuther K., Schmitt H.P. Quantitative assessment of the synaptophysin immuno-reactivity of the cortical neuropil in various neurodegenerative disorders with dementia. Dementia. 4:1993;66-74.
    • (1993) Dementia , vol.4 , pp. 66-74
    • Zhan, S.-S.1    Beyreuther, K.2    Schmitt, H.P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.