메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 37, Issue 11, 2012, Pages 2569-2588

Primary cultures of astrocytes: Their value in understanding astrocytes in health and disease

Author keywords

Astrocyte functions; Astrocytes in neurological diseases; Primary cultured astrocytes

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; AMINO ACID; AMMONIA; CALCIUM ION; GLUTAMIC ACID; GLUTAMINE;

EID: 84871410588     PISSN: 03643190     EISSN: 15736903     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0868-0     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (138)

References (246)
  • 7
    • 0033984152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acutely isolated astrocytes as models to probe astrocyte functions
    • Kimelberg HK, Cai Z, Schools G, Zhou M (2000) Acutely isolated astrocytes as models to probe astrocyte functions. Neurochem Int 36:359-367
    • (2000) Neurochem Int , vol.36 , pp. 359-367
    • Kimelberg, H.K.1    Cai, Z.2    Schools, G.3    Zhou, M.4
  • 8
    • 77949546914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functions of mature mammalian astrocytes: A current view
    • Kimelberg HK (2010) Functions of mature mammalian astrocytes: A current view. Neuroscientist 16:79-106
    • (2010) Neuroscientist , vol.16 , pp. 79-106
    • Kimelberg, H.K.1
  • 9
  • 10
    • 0021261619 scopus 로고
    • Fibrous and protoplasmic astrocytes are biochemically and developmentally distinct
    • MillerRH,RaffMC(1984)Fibrous and protoplasmic astrocytes are biochemically and developmentally distinct. J Neurosci 4:585-592
    • (1984) J Neurosci , vol.4 , pp. 585-592
    • Miller, R.H.1    Raff, M.C.2
  • 11
    • 0018695520 scopus 로고
    • Difference in glutamate uptake in astrocytes cultured from different brain regions
    • Schousboe A, Divac I (1979) Difference in glutamate uptake in astrocytes cultured from different brain regions. Brain Res 177:407-409
    • (1979) Brain Res , vol.177 , pp. 407-409
    • Schousboe, A.1    Divac, I.2
  • 12
    • 0028256181 scopus 로고
    • Uptake, release, and metabolism of citrate in neurons and astrocytes in primary cultures
    • Westergaard N, Sonnewald U, Unsgard G, Peng L, Hertz L, Schousboe A (1994) Uptake, release, and metabolism of citrate in neurons and astrocytes in primary cultures. J Neurochem 62:1727-1733
    • (1994) J Neurochem , vol.62 , pp. 1727-1733
    • Westergaard, N.1    Sonnewald, U.2    Unsgard, G.3    Peng, L.4    Hertz, L.5    Schousboe, A.6
  • 13
    • 0036606831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms controlling cortical gliogenesis
    • Sauvageot CM, Stiles CD (2002) Molecular mechanisms controlling cortical gliogenesis. Curr Opin Neurobiol 12:244-249
    • (2002) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.12 , pp. 244-249
    • Sauvageot, C.M.1    Stiles, C.D.2
  • 14
    • 0036139877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protoplasmic astrocytes in CA1 stratum radiatum occupy separate anatomical domains
    • Bushong EA, Martone ME, Jones YZ, Ellisman MH (2002) Protoplasmic astrocytes in CA1 stratum radiatum occupy separate anatomical domains. J Neurosci 22:183-192
    • (2002) J Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 183-192
    • Bushong, E.A.1    Martone, M.E.2    Jones, Y.Z.3    Ellisman, M.H.4
  • 16
    • 0015447985 scopus 로고
    • Growth and cultivation of dissociated neurons and glial cells from embryonic chick, rat and human brain in flask cultures
    • Booher J, Sensenbrenner M (1972) Growth and cultivation of dissociated neurons and glial cells from embryonic chick, rat and human brain in flask cultures. Neurobiology 2:97-105
    • (1972) Neurobiology , vol.2 , pp. 97-105
    • Booher, J.1    Sensenbrenner, M.2
  • 17
    • 0019313317 scopus 로고
    • Preparation of separate astroglial and oligodendroglial cell cultures from rat cerebral tissue
    • McCarthy KD, de Vellis J (1980) Preparation of separate astroglial and oligodendroglial cell cultures from rat cerebral tissue. J Cell Biol 85:890-902
    • (1980) J Cell Biol , vol.85 , pp. 890-902
    • McCarthy, K.D.1    De Vellis, J.2
  • 18
    • 37449023313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglial cells in astroglial cultures: A cautionary note
    • Saura J (2007) Microglial cells in astroglial cultures: A cautionary note. J Neuroinflammation 4:26
    • (2007) J Neuroinflammation , vol.4 , pp. 26
    • Saura, J.1
  • 19
    • 0029027073 scopus 로고
    • Growth factor upregulation of a phosphoinositide-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptor in cortical astrocytes
    • Miller S, Romano C, Cotman CW (1995) Growth factor upregulation of a phosphoinositide-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptor in cortical astrocytes. J Neurosci 15:6103-6109
    • (1995) J Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 6103-6109
    • Miller, S.1    Romano, C.2    Cotman, C.W.3
  • 20
    • 0017718021 scopus 로고
    • Uptake and metabolism of glutamate in astrocytes cultured from dissociated mouse brain hemispheres
    • Schousboe A, Svenneby G, Hertz L (1977) Uptake and metabolism of glutamate in astrocytes cultured from dissociated mouse brain hemispheres. J Neurochem 29:999-1005
    • (1977) J Neurochem , vol.29 , pp. 999-1005
    • Schousboe, A.1    Svenneby, G.2    Hertz, L.3
  • 21
    • 0034305621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial fibrillary acidic protein: GFAP-thirty-one years (1969-2000)
    • Eng LF, Ghirnikar RS, Lee YL (2000) Glial fibrillary acidic protein: GFAP-thirty-one years (1969-2000). Neurochem Res 25:1439-1451
    • (2000) Neurochem Res , vol.25 , pp. 1439-1451
    • Eng, L.F.1    Ghirnikar, R.S.2    Lee, Y.L.3
  • 22
    • 73849137656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purity, cell viability, expression of GFAP and bystin in astrocytes cultured by different procedures
    • Du F, Qian ZM, Zhu L, Wu XM, Qian C, Chan R, Ke Y (2010) Purity, cell viability, expression of GFAP and bystin in astrocytes cultured by different procedures. J Cell Biochem 109:30-37
    • (2010) J Cell Biochem , vol.109 , pp. 30-37
    • Du, F.1    Qian, Z.M.2    Zhu, L.3    Wu, X.M.4    Qian, C.5    Chan, R.6    Ke, Y.7
  • 23
    • 32444445871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of GFAP-expressing cells in vitro: Differential expression of LeX/CD15 by GFAPexpressing multipotent neural stem cells and non-neurogenic astrocytes
    • Imura T, Nakano I, Kornblum HI, Sofroniew MV (2006) Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of GFAP-expressing cells in vitro: Differential expression of LeX/CD15 by GFAPexpressing multipotent neural stem cells and non-neurogenic astrocytes. Glia 53:277-293
    • (2006) Glia , vol.53 , pp. 277-293
    • Imura, T.1    Nakano, I.2    Kornblum, H.I.3    Sofroniew, M.V.4
  • 24
    • 0021037707 scopus 로고
    • Pyruvate carboxylase activity in primary cultures of astrocytes and neurons
    • Yu AC, Drejer J, Hertz L, Schousboe A (1983) Pyruvate carboxylase activity in primary cultures of astrocytes and neurons. J Neurochem 41:1484-1487
    • (1983) J Neurochem , vol.41 , pp. 1484-1487
    • Yu, A.C.1    Drejer, J.2    Hertz, L.3    Schousboe, A.4
  • 25
    • 0021988603 scopus 로고
    • Pyruvate carboxylase: An astrocyte-specific enzyme implicated in the replenishment of amino acid neurotransmitter pools
    • Shank RP, Bennett GS, Freytag SO, Campbell GL (1985) Pyruvate carboxylase: An astrocyte-specific enzyme implicated in the replenishment of amino acid neurotransmitter pools. Brain Res 329:364-367
    • (1985) Brain Res , vol.329 , pp. 364-367
    • Shank, R.P.1    Bennett, G.S.2    Freytag, S.O.3    Campbell, G.L.4
  • 26
    • 78651267809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of primary and secondary cultures of astrocytes prepared from mouse cerebral cortex
    • Skytt DM, Madsen KK, Pajecka K, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS (2010) Characterization of primary and secondary cultures of astrocytes prepared from mouse cerebral cortex. Neurochem Res 35:2043-2052
    • (2010) Neurochem Res , vol.35 , pp. 2043-2052
    • Skytt, D.M.1    Madsen, K.K.2    Pajecka, K.3    Schousboe, A.4    Waagepetersen, H.S.5
  • 27
    • 33645004031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial cells dilate and constrict blood vessels: A mechanism of neurovascular coupling
    • Metea MR, Newman EA (2006) Glial cells dilate and constrict blood vessels: A mechanism of neurovascular coupling. J Neurosci 26:2862-2870
    • (2006) J Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 2862-2870
    • Metea, M.R.1    Newman, E.A.2
  • 29
    • 34547797327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte control of the cerebrovasculature
    • Gordon GR, Mulligan SJ, MacVicar BA (2007) Astrocyte control of the cerebrovasculature. Glia 55:1214-1221
    • (2007) Glia , vol.55 , pp. 1214-1221
    • Gordon, G.R.1    Mulligan, S.J.2    MacVicar, B.A.3
  • 30
    • 79960998682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current concepts of blood-brain barrier development
    • Liebner S, Czupalla CJ, Wolburg H (2011) Current concepts of blood-brain barrier development. Int J Dev Biol 55:467-476
    • (2011) Int J Dev Biol , vol.55 , pp. 467-476
    • Liebner, S.1    Czupalla, C.J.2    Wolburg, H.3
  • 32
    • 0037007647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astroglia induce neurogenesis from adult neural stem cells
    • Song H, Stevens CF, Gage FH (2002) Astroglia induce neurogenesis from adult neural stem cells. Nature 417:39-44
    • (2002) Nature , vol.417 , pp. 39-44
    • Song, H.1    Stevens, C.F.2    Gage, F.H.3
  • 34
    • 0035875555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glia-derived signals induce synapse formation in neurones of the rat central nervous system
    • Nagler K, Mauch DH, Pfrieger FW (2001) Glia-derived signals induce synapse formation in neurones of the rat central nervous system. J Physiol 533:665-679
    • (2001) J Physiol , vol.533 , pp. 665-679
    • Nagler, K.1    Mauch, D.H.2    Pfrieger, F.W.3
  • 37
    • 0025961176 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism and release of glutamate in cerebellar granule cells cocultured with astrocytes from cerebellum or cerebral cortex
    • Westergaard N, Fosmark H, Schousboe A (1991) Metabolism and release of glutamate in cerebellar granule cells cocultured with astrocytes from cerebellum or cerebral cortex. J Neurochem 56:59-66
    • (1991) J Neurochem , vol.56 , pp. 59-66
    • Westergaard, N.1    Fosmark, H.2    Schousboe, A.3
  • 38
    • 0026585021 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and release of GABA in cerebral cortical neurons co-cultured with astrocytes from cerebral cortex or cerebellum
    • Westergaard N, Larsson OM, Jensen B, Schousboe A (1992) Synthesis and release of GABA in cerebral cortical neurons co-cultured with astrocytes from cerebral cortex or cerebellum. Neurochem Int 20:567-575
    • (1992) Neurochem Int , vol.20 , pp. 567-575
    • Westergaard, N.1    Larsson, O.M.2    Jensen, B.3    Schousboe, A.4
  • 39
    • 56349102131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of neuron-glia transfer of precursors for GABA biosynthesis in a co-culture system of dissociated mouse cerebral cortex
    • Leke R, Bak LK, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS (2008) Demonstration of neuron-glia transfer of precursors for GABA biosynthesis in a co-culture system of dissociated mouse cerebral cortex. Neurochem Res 33:2629-2635
    • (2008) Neurochem Res , vol.33 , pp. 2629-2635
    • Leke, R.1    Bak, L.K.2    Schousboe, A.3    Waagepetersen, H.S.4
  • 40
    • 79955660794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of neurotransmitter GABA via the neuronal tricarboxylic acid cycle is elevated in rats with liver cirrhosis consistent with a high GABAergic tone in chronic hepatic encephalopathy
    • Leke R, Bak LK, Iversen P, Sorensen M, Keiding S, Vilstrup H, Ott P, Portela LV, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS (2011) Synthesis of neurotransmitter GABA via the neuronal tricarboxylic acid cycle is elevated in rats with liver cirrhosis consistent with a high GABAergic tone in chronic hepatic encephalopathy. J Neurochem 117:824-832
    • (2011) J Neurochem , vol.117 , pp. 824-832
    • Leke, R.1    Bak, L.K.2    Iversen, P.3    Sorensen, M.4    Keiding, S.5    Vilstrup, H.6    Ott, P.7    Portela, L.V.8    Schousboe, A.9    Waagepetersen, H.S.10
  • 42
    • 80052934890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of synaptic structure formation in cocultures of astrocytes and hippocampal neurons
    • Roque PJ, Guizzetti M, Giordano G, Costa LG (2011) Quantification of synaptic structure formation in cocultures of astrocytes and hippocampal neurons. Methods Mol Biol 758:361-390
    • (2011) Methods Mol Biol , vol.758 , pp. 361-390
    • Roque, P.J.1    Guizzetti, M.2    Giordano, G.3    Costa, L.G.4
  • 43
    • 84871420804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte proximity modulates the myelination gene fabric of oligodendrocytes
    • Iacobas S, Iacobas DA (2011) Astrocyte proximity modulates the myelination gene fabric of oligodendrocytes. Neuron Glia Biol 1-13
    • (2011) Neuron Glia Biol , pp. 1-13
    • Iacobas, S.1    Iacobas, D.A.2
  • 44
    • 84856092456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of different phenotype astrocytes on neural stem cells differentiation in co-culture
    • Liu Y, Liu RR, Wang L, Zeng L, Long ZY, Wu YM (2012) The effects of different phenotype astrocytes on neural stem cells differentiation in co-culture. Neurosci Lett 508:61-66
    • (2012) Neurosci Lett , vol.508 , pp. 61-66
    • Liu, Y.1    Liu, R.R.2    Wang, L.3    Zeng, L.4    Long, Z.Y.5    Wu, Y.M.6
  • 45
    • 84855923030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of astrocyte-microglial cocultures to examine the regulatory influence of astrocytes on microglial activation
    • Welser JV, Milner R (2012) Use of astrocyte-microglial cocultures to examine the regulatory influence of astrocytes on microglial activation. Methods Mol Biol 814:367-380
    • (2012) Methods Mol Biol , vol.814 , pp. 367-380
    • Welser, J.V.1    Milner, R.2
  • 46
    • 84855947240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved in vitro blood-brain barrier model: Rat brain endothelial cells co-cultured with astrocytes
    • Abbott NJ, Dolman DE, Drndarski S, Fredriksson SM (2012) An improved in vitro blood-brain barrier model: Rat brain endothelial cells co-cultured with astrocytes. Methods Mol Biol 814:415-430
    • (2012) Methods Mol Biol , vol.814 , pp. 415-430
    • Abbott, N.J.1    Dolman, D.E.2    Drndarski, S.3    Fredriksson, S.M.4
  • 47
    • 84859734572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro evidence for the brain glutamate efflux hypothesis: Brain endothelial cells cocultured with astrocytes display a polarized brain-to-blood transport of glutamate
    • Helms HC, Madelung R, Waagepetersen HS, Nielsen CU, Brodin B (2012) In vitro evidence for the brain glutamate efflux hypothesis: Brain endothelial cells cocultured with astrocytes display a polarized brain-to-blood transport of glutamate. Glia 60:882-893
    • (2012) Glia , vol.60 , pp. 882-893
    • Helms, H.C.1    Madelung, R.2    Waagepetersen, H.S.3    Nielsen, C.U.4    Brodin, B.5
  • 48
    • 78649646826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paracellular tightness and claudin-5 expression is increased in the BCEC/astrocyte blood-brain barrier model by increasing media buffer capacity during growth
    • Helms HC, Waagepetersen HS, Nielsen CU, Brodin B (2010) Paracellular tightness and claudin-5 expression is increased in the BCEC/astrocyte blood-brain barrier model by increasing media buffer capacity during growth. AAPS J 12:759-770
    • (2010) AAPS J , vol.12 , pp. 759-770
    • Helms, H.C.1    Waagepetersen, H.S.2    Nielsen, C.U.3    Brodin, B.4
  • 49
    • 0024503940 scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes cultured from mature brain derive from glial precursor cells
    • Norton WT, Farooq M (1989) Astrocytes cultured from mature brain derive from glial precursor cells. J Neurosci 9:769-775
    • (1989) J Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 769-775
    • Norton, W.T.1    Farooq, M.2
  • 50
    • 0032468697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional studies in cultured astrocytes
    • Hertz L, Peng L, Lai JC (1998) Functional studies in cultured astrocytes. Methods (Duluth) 16:293-310
    • (1998) Methods (Duluth , vol.16 , pp. 293-310
    • Hertz, L.1    Peng, L.2    Lai, J.C.3
  • 51
    • 79953040913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of rat substrain and growth conditions on the characteristics of primary cultures of adult rat spinal cord astrocytes
    • Codeluppi S, Gregory EN, Kjell J, Wigerblad G, Olson L, Svensson CI (2011) Influence of rat substrain and growth conditions on the characteristics of primary cultures of adult rat spinal cord astrocytes. J Neurosci Methods 197:118-127
    • (2011) J Neurosci Methods , vol.197 , pp. 118-127
    • Codeluppi, S.1    Gregory, E.N.2    Kjell, J.3    Wigerblad, G.4    Olson, L.5    Svensson, C.I.6
  • 53
    • 0020574199 scopus 로고
    • Novel neuron-related regulatory mechanisms for astrocytic glutamate and GABA high affinity uptake
    • Drejer J, Meier E, Schousboe A (1983) Novel neuron-related regulatory mechanisms for astrocytic glutamate and GABA high affinity uptake. Neurosci Lett 37:301-306
    • (1983) Neurosci Lett , vol.37 , pp. 301-306
    • Drejer, J.1    Meier, E.2    Schousboe, A.3
  • 54
    • 0030657941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal soluble factors differentially regulate the expression of the GLT1 and GLAST glutamate transporters in cultured astroglia
    • Gegelashvili G, Danbolt NC, Schousboe A (1997) Neuronal soluble factors differentially regulate the expression of the GLT1 and GLAST glutamate transporters in cultured astroglia. J Neurochem 69:2612-2615
    • (1997) J Neurochem , vol.69 , pp. 2612-2615
    • Gegelashvili, G.1    Danbolt, N.C.2    Schousboe, A.3
  • 55
    • 0015609737 scopus 로고
    • Maturation-stimulating effect of brain extract and dibutyryl cyclic AMP on dissociated embryonic brain cells in culture
    • Lim R, Mitsunobu K, Li WK (1973) Maturation-stimulating effect of brain extract and dibutyryl cyclic AMP on dissociated embryonic brain cells in culture. Exp Eye Res 79:243-246
    • (1973) Exp Eye Res , vol.79 , pp. 243-246
    • Lim, R.1    Mitsunobu, K.2    Li, W.K.3
  • 56
    • 0032468697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional studies in cultured astrocytes
    • Hertz L, Peng L, Lai JC (1998) Functional studies in cultured astrocytes. Methods 16:293-310
    • (1998) Methods , vol.16 , pp. 293-310
    • Hertz, L.1    Peng, L.2    Lai, J.C.3
  • 58
    • 0018204962 scopus 로고
    • GFA content, glutamate uptake and activity of glutamate metabolizing enzymes in differentiating mouse astrocytes in primary cultures
    • Hertz L, Bock E, Schousboe A (1978) GFA content, glutamate uptake and activity of glutamate metabolizing enzymes in differentiating mouse astrocytes in primary cultures. Dev Neurosci 1:226-238
    • (1978) Dev Neurosci , vol.1 , pp. 226-238
    • Hertz, L.1    Bock, E.2    Schousboe, A.3
  • 59
    • 0018170087 scopus 로고
    • Enzymatic and morphological properties of primary rat brain astrocyte cultures, and enzyme development in vivo
    • Kimelberg HK, Narumi S, Bourke RS (1978) Enzymatic and morphological properties of primary rat brain astrocyte cultures, and enzyme development in vivo. Brain Res 153:55-77
    • (1978) Brain Res , vol.153 , pp. 55-77
    • Kimelberg, H.K.1    Narumi, S.2    Bourke, R.S.3
  • 60
    • 0031732043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of lactate and glucose metabolism in cultured neocortical neurons and astrocytes using 13C-NMR spectroscopy
    • Waagepetersen HS, Bakken IJ, Larsson OM, Sonnewald U, Schousboe A (1998) Comparison of lactate and glucose metabolism in cultured neocortical neurons and astrocytes using 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Dev Neurosci 20:310-320
    • (1998) Dev Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 310-320
    • Waagepetersen, H.S.1    Bakken, I.J.2    Larsson, O.M.3    Sonnewald, U.4    Schousboe, A.5
  • 61
    • 77953413402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycaemia and diabetes impair gap junctional communication among astrocytes
    • Gandhi GK, Ball KK, Cruz NF, Dienel GA (2010) Hyperglycaemia and diabetes impair gap junctional communication among astrocytes. ASN Neuro 2:e00030
    • (2010) ASN Neuro , vol.2
    • Gandhi, G.K.1    Ball, K.K.2    Cruz, N.F.3    Dienel, G.A.4
  • 63
    • 84859013589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astroglial pentose phosphate pathway rates in response to high-glucose environments
    • Takahashi S, Izawa Y, Suzuki N (2012) Astroglial pentose phosphate pathway rates in response to high-glucose environments. ASN Neuro 4:e00078
    • (2012) ASN Neuro , vol.4
    • Takahashi, S.1    Izawa, Y.2    Suzuki, N.3
  • 64
    • 31444438575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative metabolism in cultured rat astroglia: Effects of reducing the glucose concentration in the culture medium and of D-aspartate or potassium stimulation
    • Abe T, Takahashi S, Suzuki N (2006) Oxidative metabolism in cultured rat astroglia: Effects of reducing the glucose concentration in the culture medium and of D-aspartate or potassium stimulation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 26:153-160
    • (2006) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.26 , pp. 153-160
    • Abe, T.1    Takahashi, S.2    Suzuki, N.3
  • 65
    • 51349134191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel method to establish microglia-free astrocyte cultures: Comparison of matrix metalloproteinase expression profiles in pure cultures of astrocytes and microglia
    • Crocker SJ, Frausto RF, Whitton JL, Milner R (2008) A novel method to establish microglia-free astrocyte cultures: Comparison of matrix metalloproteinase expression profiles in pure cultures of astrocytes and microglia. Glia 56:1187-1198
    • (2008) Glia , vol.56 , pp. 1187-1198
    • Crocker, S.J.1    Frausto, R.F.2    Whitton, J.L.3    Milner, R.4
  • 68
    • 33846423878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy metabolism in astrocytes: High rate of oxidative metabolism and spatiotemporal dependence on glycolysis/glycogenolysis
    • Hertz L, Peng L, Dienel GA (2007) Energy metabolism in astrocytes: High rate of oxidative metabolism and spatiotemporal dependence on glycolysis/glycogenolysis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 27:219-249
    • (2007) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.27 , pp. 219-249
    • Hertz, L.1    Peng, L.2    Dienel, G.A.3
  • 69
    • 0037446874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dichloroacetate effects on glucose and lactate oxidation by neurons and astroglia in vitro and on glucose utilization by brain in vivo
    • Itoh Y, Esaki T, Shimoji K, Cook M, Law MJ, Kaufman E, Sokoloff L (2003) Dichloroacetate effects on glucose and lactate oxidation by neurons and astroglia in vitro and on glucose utilization by brain in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:4879-4884
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.100 , pp. 4879-4884
    • Itoh, Y.1    Esaki, T.2    Shimoji, K.3    Cook, M.4    Law, M.J.5    Kaufman, E.6    Sokoloff, L.7
  • 70
    • 84859908626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A modified in vitro method to obtain pure astrocyte cultures induced from mouse hippocampal neural stem cells using clonal expansion
    • Wang W, Shi W, Li H (2011) A modified in vitro method to obtain pure astrocyte cultures induced from mouse hippocampal neural stem cells using clonal expansion. Cell Mol Neurobiol 32:373-380
    • (2011) Cell Mol Neurobiol , vol.32 , pp. 373-380
    • Wang, W.1    Shi, W.2    Li, H.3
  • 71
    • 1242271263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization of SNARE proteins and secretory organelle proteins in astrocytes in vitro and in situ
    • Wilhelm A, Volknandt W, Langer D, Nolte C, Kettenmann H, Zimmermann H (2004) Localization of SNARE proteins and secretory organelle proteins in astrocytes in vitro and in situ. Neurosci Res 48:249-257
    • (2004) Neurosci Res , vol.48 , pp. 249-257
    • Wilhelm, A.1    Volknandt, W.2    Langer, D.3    Nolte, C.4    Kettenmann, H.5    Zimmermann, H.6
  • 72
    • 84860682848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artifact versus reality-how astrocytes contribute to synaptic events
    • Nedergaard M, Verkhratsky A (2012) Artifact versus reality-how astrocytes contribute to synaptic events. Glia 60:1013-1023
    • (2012) Glia , vol.60 , pp. 1013-1023
    • Nedergaard, M.1    Verkhratsky, A.2
  • 73
    • 84871462829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies of brain metabolism: A historical perspective
    • Schousboe A (2012) Studies of brain metabolism: A historical perspective. Adv Neurobiol 4:909-920
    • (2012) Adv Neurobiol , vol.4 , pp. 909-920
    • Schousboe, A.1
  • 74
    • 0019347565 scopus 로고
    • Transport and metabolism of glutamate and GABA in neurons are glial cells
    • Schousboe A (1981) Transport and metabolism of glutamate and GABA in neurons are glial cells. Int Rev Neurobiol 22:1-45
    • (1981) Int Rev Neurobiol , vol.22 , pp. 1-45
    • Schousboe, A.1
  • 75
    • 0019200305 scopus 로고
    • Primary cultures of astrocytes from mammalian brain as a tool in neurochemical research
    • Schousboe A (1980) Primary cultures of astrocytes from mammalian brain as a tool in neurochemical research. Cell Mol Biol Incl Cyto Enzymol 26:505-513
    • (1980) Cell Mol Biol Incl Cyto Enzymol , vol.26 , pp. 505-513
    • Schousboe, A.1
  • 77
    • 0018382256 scopus 로고
    • Fine structural localization of glutamine synthetase in astrocytes of rat brain
    • Norenberg MD, Martinez-Hernandez A (1979) Fine structural localization of glutamine synthetase in astrocytes of rat brain. Brain Res 161:303-310
    • (1979) Brain Res , vol.161 , pp. 303-310
    • Norenberg, M.D.1    Martinez-Hernandez, A.2
  • 79
    • 8444243043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytic control of glutamatergic activity: Astrocytes as stars of the show
    • Hertz L, Zielke HR (2004) Astrocytic control of glutamatergic activity: Astrocytes as stars of the show. Trends Neurosci 27:735-743
    • (2004) Trends Neurosci , vol.27 , pp. 735-743
    • Hertz, L.1    Zielke, H.R.2
  • 80
    • 84860570399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of adrenergic agents on intracellular Ca(2?) homeostasis and metabolism of glucose in astrocytes with an emphasis on pyruvate carboxylation oxidative decarboxylation and recycling implications for glutamate neurotransmission and excitotoxicity
    • Obel LF, Andersen KM, Bak LK, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS (2012) Effects of adrenergic agents on intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis and metabolism of glucose in astrocytes with an emphasis on pyruvate carboxylation, oxidative decarboxylation and recycling: Implications for glutamate neurotransmission and excitotoxicity. Neurotox Res 21:405-417
    • (2012) Neurotox Res , vol.21 , pp. 405-417
    • Obel, L.F.1    Andersen, K.M.2    Bak, L.K.3    Schousboe, A.4    Waagepetersen, H.S.5
  • 81
    • 0017579832 scopus 로고
    • Glutamine synthetase: Glial localization in brain
    • Martinez-Hernandez A, Bell KP, Norenberg MD (1977) Glutamine synthetase: Glial localization in brain. Science 195:1356-1358
    • (1977) Science , vol.195 , pp. 1356-1358
    • Martinez-Hernandez, A.1    Bell, K.P.2    Norenberg, M.D.3
  • 83
    • 0017062943 scopus 로고
    • On glutaminase activity in mammalian synaptosomes
    • Bradford HF, Ward HK (1976) On glutaminase activity in mammalian synaptosomes. Brain Res 110:115-125
    • (1976) Brain Res , vol.110 , pp. 115-125
    • Bradford, H.F.1    Ward, H.K.2
  • 84
    • 0018141863 scopus 로고
    • Glutamine-A major substrate for nerve endings
    • Bradford HF, Ward HK, Thomas AJ (1978) Glutamine-a major substrate for nerve endings. J Neurochem 30:1453-1459
    • (1978) J Neurochem , vol.30 , pp. 1453-1459
    • Bradford, H.F.1    Ward, H.K.2    Thomas, A.J.3
  • 85
    • 0018386655 scopus 로고
    • Phosphate activated glutaminase activity and glutamine uptake in primary cultures of astrocytes
    • Schousboe A, Hertz L, Svenneby G, Kvamme E (1979) Phosphate activated glutaminase activity and glutamine uptake in primary cultures of astrocytes. J Neurochem 32:943-950
    • (1979) J Neurochem , vol.32 , pp. 943-950
    • Schousboe, A.1    Hertz, L.2    Svenneby, G.3    Kvamme, E.4
  • 86
    • 0003162331 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic sources of energy in astrocytes
    • Hertz L, Kvamme E, McGeer EG, Schousboe A (eds). Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York
    • Yu AC, Hertz L (1983) Metabolic sources of energy in astrocytes. In: Hertz L, Kvamme E, McGeer EG, Schousboe A (eds) Glutamine, glutamate and GABA in the central nervous system. Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, pp 431-438
    • (1983) Glutamine, Glutamate and GABA in the Central Nervous System , pp. 431-438
    • Yu, A.C.1    Hertz, L.2
  • 87
    • 0032890369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postembedding immunogold labelling reveals subcellular localization and pathway-specific enrichment of phosphate activated glutaminase in rat cerebellum
    • Laake JH, Takumi Y, Eidet J, Torgner IA, Roberg B, Kvamme E, Ottersen OP (1999) Postembedding immunogold labelling reveals subcellular localization and pathway-specific enrichment of phosphate activated glutaminase in rat cerebellum. Neuroscience 88:1137-1151
    • (1999) Neuroscience , vol.88 , pp. 1137-1151
    • Laake, J.H.1    Takumi, Y.2    Eidet, J.3    Torgner, I.A.4    Roberg, B.5    Kvamme, E.6    Ottersen, O.P.7
  • 90
    • 0018094446 scopus 로고
    • Glutamine as precursor for the GABA and glutamate trasmitter pools
    • Reubi JC, Van Der Berg C, Cuenod M (1978) Glutamine as precursor for the GABA and glutamate trasmitter pools. Neurosci Lett 10:171-174
    • (1978) Neurosci Lett , vol.10 , pp. 171-174
    • Reubi, J.C.1    Van Der Berg, C.2    Cuenod, M.3
  • 91
    • 84865731367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate and GABA synthesis, release, transport and metabolism as targets for seizure control
    • (in press
    • Rowley NM, Madsen KK, Schousboe A, White HS (2012) Glutamate and GABA synthesis, release, transport and metabolism as targets for seizure control. Neurochem Int (in press)
    • (2012) Neurochem Int
    • Rowley, N.M.1    Madsen, K.K.2    Schousboe, A.3    White, H.S.4
  • 92
    • 0027340159 scopus 로고
    • Direct demonstration by [13C] NMR spectroscopy that glutamine from astrocytes is a precursor for GABA synthesis in neurons
    • Sonnewald U, Westergaard N, Schousboe A, Svendsen JS, Unsgard G, Petersen SB (1993) Direct demonstration by [13C]NMR spectroscopy that glutamine from astrocytes is a precursor for GABA synthesis in neurons. Neurochem Int 22:19-29
    • (1993) Neurochem Int , vol.22 , pp. 19-29
    • Sonnewald, U.1    Westergaard, N.2    Schousboe, A.3    Svendsen, J.S.4    Unsgard, G.5    Petersen, S.B.6
  • 95
    • 0029004722 scopus 로고
    • Glial-neuronal interactions as studied by cerebral metabolism of [2-13C]acetate and [1-13C]glucose: An ex vivo 13C NMR spectroscopic study
    • Hassel B, Sonnewald U, Fonnum F (1995) Glial-neuronal interactions as studied by cerebral metabolism of [2-13C]acetate and [1-13C]glucose: An ex vivo 13C NMR spectroscopic study. J Neurochem 64:2773-2782
    • (1995) J Neurochem , vol.64 , pp. 2773-2782
    • Hassel, B.1    Sonnewald, U.2    Fonnum, F.3
  • 96
    • 33745893228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The glutamate/ GABA-glutamine cycle: Aspects of transport, neurotransmitter homeostasis and ammonia transfer
    • Bak LK, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS (2006) The glutamate/ GABA-glutamine cycle: Aspects of transport, neurotransmitter homeostasis and ammonia transfer. J Neurochem 98:641-653
    • (2006) J Neurochem , vol.98 , pp. 641-653
    • Bak, L.K.1    Schousboe, A.2    Waagepetersen, H.S.3
  • 97
    • 0033929168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A possible role of alanine for ammonia transfer between astrocytes and glutamatergic neurons
    • Waagepetersen HS, Sonnewald U, Larsson OM, Schousboe A (2000) A possible role of alanine for ammonia transfer between astrocytes and glutamatergic neurons. J Neurochem 75:471-479
    • (2000) J Neurochem , vol.75 , pp. 471-479
    • Waagepetersen, H.S.1    Sonnewald, U.2    Larsson, O.M.3    Schousboe, A.4
  • 98
    • 0033673044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NMR spectroscopic study on the metabolic fate of [3-(13)C]alanine in astrocytes, neurons, and cocultures: Implications for glia-neuron interactions in neurotransmitter metabolism
    • Zwingmann C, Richter-Landsberg C, Brand A, Leibfritz D (2000) NMR spectroscopic study on the metabolic fate of [3-(13)C]alanine in astrocytes, neurons, and cocultures: Implications for glia-neuron interactions in neurotransmitter metabolism. Glia 32:286-303
    • (2000) Glia , vol.32 , pp. 286-303
    • Zwingmann, C.1    Richter-Landsberg, C.2    Brand, A.3    Leibfritz, D.4
  • 100
    • 35848958365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Among the branched-chain amino acids, only valine metabolism is up-regulated in astrocytes during glutamate exposure
    • Bak LK, Johansen ML, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS (2007) Among the branched-chain amino acids, only valine metabolism is up-regulated in astrocytes during glutamate exposure. J Neurosci Res 85:3465-3470
    • (2007) J Neurosci Res , vol.85 , pp. 3465-3470
    • Bak, L.K.1    Johansen, M.L.2    Schousboe, A.3    Waagepetersen, H.S.4
  • 101
    • 0014340748 scopus 로고
    • The uptake of [3H]GABA by slices of rat cerebral cortex
    • Iversen LL, Neal MJ (1968) The uptake of [3H]GABA by slices of rat cerebral cortex. J Neurochem 15:1141-1149
    • (1968) J Neurochem , vol.15 , pp. 1141-1149
    • Iversen, L.L.1    Neal, M.J.2
  • 102
    • 0015209755 scopus 로고
    • Unique high affinity uptake systems for glycine, glutamic and aspartic acids in central nervous tissue of the rat
    • Logan WJ, Snyder SH (1971) Unique high affinity uptake systems for glycine, glutamic and aspartic acids in central nervous tissue of the rat. Nature 234:297-299
    • (1971) Nature , vol.234 , pp. 297-299
    • Logan, W.J.1    Snyder, S.H.2
  • 103
    • 0035001341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate uptake
    • Danbolt NC (2001) Glutamate uptake. Prog Neurobiol 65:1-105
    • (2001) Prog Neurobiol , vol.65 , pp. 1-105
    • Danbolt, N.C.1
  • 104
    • 0015214015 scopus 로고
    • Amino acid uptake in neuronal and glial cell fractions from rabbit cerebral cortex
    • Hamberger A (1971) Amino acid uptake in neuronal and glial cell fractions from rabbit cerebral cortex. Brain Res 31:169-178
    • (1971) Brain Res , vol.31 , pp. 169-178
    • Hamberger, A.1
  • 105
    • 0016316731 scopus 로고
    • Uptake of the neurotransmitter candidate glutamate by glia
    • Henn FA, Goldstein MN, Hamberger A (1974) Uptake of the neurotransmitter candidate glutamate by glia. Nature 249:663-664
    • (1974) Nature , vol.249 , pp. 663-664
    • Henn, F.A.1    Goldstein, M.N.2    Hamberger, A.3
  • 106
    • 0017839638 scopus 로고
    • Kinetic characteristics of the glutamate uptake into normal astrocytes in cultures
    • Hertz L, Schousboe A, Boechler N, Mukerji S, Fedoroff S (1978) Kinetic characteristics of the glutamate uptake into normal astrocytes in cultures. Neurochem Res 3:1-14
    • (1978) Neurochem Res , vol.3 , pp. 1-14
    • Hertz, L.1    Schousboe, A.2    Boechler, N.3    Mukerji, S.4    Fedoroff, S.5
  • 107
    • 0017591003 scopus 로고
    • Uptake and metabolism of GABA in astrocytes cultured from dissociated mouse brain hemispheres
    • Schousboe A, Hertz L, Svenneby G (1977) Uptake and metabolism of GABA in astrocytes cultured from dissociated mouse brain hemispheres. Neurochem Res 2:217-229
    • (1977) Neurochem Res , vol.2 , pp. 217-229
    • Schousboe, A.1    Hertz, L.2    Svenneby, G.3
  • 108
    • 0030840881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High affinity glutamate transporters: Regulation of expression and activity
    • Gegelashvili G, Schousboe A (1997) High affinity glutamate transporters: Regulation of expression and activity. Mol Pharmacol 52:6-15
    • (1997) Mol Pharmacol , vol.52 , pp. 6-15
    • Gegelashvili, G.1    Schousboe, A.2
  • 111
    • 0017614742 scopus 로고
    • Glutamic acid and excitatory nerve endings: Reduction of glutamic acid uptake after axotomy
    • Storm-Mathisen J (1977) Glutamic acid and excitatory nerve endings: Reduction of glutamic acid uptake after axotomy. Brain Res 120:379-386
    • (1977) Brain Res , vol.120 , pp. 379-386
    • Storm-Mathisen, J.1
  • 112
    • 0002602845 scopus 로고
    • Primary cultures of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons as model systems to study neurotransmitter functions. I. Differentiated cells
    • Vernadakis A, Privat A, Lauder JM, Timiras PS, Giacobini E (eds), M. Nijhoff Publ. Comp, Boston
    • Hertz L, Schousboe A (1987) Primary cultures of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons as model systems to study neurotransmitter functions. I. Differentiated cells. In: Vernadakis A, Privat A, Lauder JM, Timiras PS, Giacobini E (eds) Model systems of development and aging of nervous system. M. Nijhoff Publ. Comp, Boston, pp 19-31
    • (1987) Model Systems of Development and Aging of Nervous System , pp. 19-31
    • Hertz, L.1    Schousboe, A.2
  • 113
    • 0034305536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological and functional characterization of astrocytic GABA transport: A short review
    • Schousboe A (2000) Pharmacological and functional characterization of astrocytic GABA transport: A short review. Neurochem Res 25:1241-1244
    • (2000) Neurochem Res , vol.25 , pp. 1241-1244
    • Schousboe, A.1
  • 114
    • 77956088875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional importance of the astrocytic glycogen-shunt and glycolysis for maintenance of an intact intra/ extracellular glutamate gradient
    • Schousboe A, Sickmann HM, Walls AB, Bak LK, Waagepetersen HS (2010) Functional importance of the astrocytic glycogen-shunt and glycolysis for maintenance of an intact intra/ extracellular glutamate gradient. Neurotox Res 18:94-99
    • (2010) Neurotox Res , vol.18 , pp. 94-99
    • Schousboe, A.1    Sickmann, H.M.2    Walls, A.B.3    Bak, L.K.4    Waagepetersen, H.S.5
  • 115
    • 0036077331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between anticonvulsant activity and inhibitory action on glial gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake of the highly selective mouse gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 inhibitor 3-hydroxy-4-amino-4,5,67- tetrahydro-12-benzisoxazole and its N-alkylated analogs
    • White HS, Sarup A, Bolvig T, Kristensen AS, Petersen G, Nelson N, Pickering DS, Larsson OM, Frolund B, Krogsgaard-Larsen P, Schousboe A (2002) Correlation between anticonvulsant activity and inhibitory action on glial gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake of the highly selective mouse gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 inhibitor 3-hydroxy-4-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,2- benzisoxazole and its N-alkylated analogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 302: 636-644
    • (2002) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.302 , pp. 636-644
    • White, H.S.1    Sarup, A.2    Bolvig, T.3    Kristensen, A.S.4    Petersen, G.5    Nelson, N.6    Pickering, D.S.7    Larsson, O.M.8    Frolund, B.9    Krogsgaard-Larsen, P.10    Schousboe, A.11
  • 117
    • 0141541038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Release of transmitters from glial cells
    • Volterra A, Magistretti PJ, Haydon PG (eds). Oxford University Press, Oxford
    • Volterra A, Bezzi P (2002) Release of transmitters from glial cells. In: Volterra A, Magistretti PJ, Haydon PG (eds) The tripartite synapse: Glia in synaptic transmission. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 164-184
    • (2002) The Tripartite Synapse: Glia in Synaptic Transmission , pp. 164-184
    • Volterra, A.1    Bezzi, P.2
  • 118
    • 33745873475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte control of synaptic transmission and neurovascular coupling
    • Haydon PG, Carmignoto G (2006) Astrocyte control of synaptic transmission and neurovascular coupling. Physiol Rev 86:1009-1031
    • (2006) Physiol Rev , vol.86 , pp. 1009-1031
    • Haydon, P.G.1    Carmignoto, G.2
  • 119
    • 0000977706 scopus 로고
    • The astrocyte in liver disease
    • Fedoroff S, Hertz L (eds), Academic Press, New York
    • Norenberg MD (1981) The astrocyte in liver disease. In: Fedoroff S, Hertz L (eds) Advances in cellular neurobiology, vol 2. Academic Press, New York, pp 303-352
    • (1981) Advances in Cellular Neurobiology , vol.2 , pp. 303-352
    • Norenberg, M.D.1
  • 120
    • 0023287036 scopus 로고
    • The role of astrocytes in hepatic encephalopathy
    • Norenberg MD (1987) The role of astrocytes in hepatic encephalopathy. Neurochem Pathol 6:13-33
    • (1987) Neurochem Pathol , vol.6 , pp. 13-33
    • Norenberg, M.D.1
  • 121
    • 0025552876 scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes in hepatic encephalopathy
    • Norenberg MD (1990) Astrocytes in hepatic encephalopathy. Adv Exp Med Biol 272:81-97
    • (1990) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.272 , pp. 81-97
    • Norenberg, M.D.1
  • 122
    • 0032427875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astroglial dysfunction in hepatic encephalopathy
    • Norenberg MD (1998) Astroglial dysfunction in hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis 13:319-335
    • (1998) Metab Brain Dis , vol.13 , pp. 319-335
    • Norenberg, M.D.1
  • 123
    • 0033619660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic encephalopathy: Molecular mechanisms underlying the clinical syndrome
    • Albrecht J, Jones EA (1999) Hepatic encephalopathy: Molecular mechanisms underlying the clinical syndrome. J Neurol Sci 170:138-146
    • (1999) J Neurol Sci , vol.170 , pp. 138-146
    • Albrecht, J.1    Jones, E.A.2
  • 124
    • 0032694105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic encephalopathy: An update of pathophysiologic mechanisms
    • Hazell AS, Butterworth RF (1999) Hepatic encephalopathy: An update of pathophysiologic mechanisms. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 222:99-112
    • (1999) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med , vol.222 , pp. 99-112
    • Hazell, A.S.1    Butterworth, R.F.2
  • 125
  • 126
    • 60449101891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling factors in the mechanism of ammonia neurotoxicity
    • Norenberg MD, Rama Rao KV, Jayakumar AR (2009) Signaling factors in the mechanism of ammonia neurotoxicity. Metab Brain Dis 24:103-117
    • (2009) Metab Brain Dis , vol.24 , pp. 103-117
    • Norenberg, M.D.1    Rama Rao, K.V.2    Jayakumar, A.R.3
  • 127
    • 0034855862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of osmosensitive and ammonia-regulated genes in rat astrocytes by Northern blotting and differential display reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction
    • Warskulat U, Kreuels S, Muller HW, Haussinger D (2001) Identification of osmosensitive and ammonia-regulated genes in rat astrocytes by Northern blotting and differential display reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. J Hepatol 35:358-366
    • (2001) J Hepatol , vol.35 , pp. 358-366
    • Warskulat, U.1    Kreuels, S.2    Muller, H.W.3    Haussinger, D.4
  • 129
    • 0036909292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonia-induced heme oxygenase-1 expression in cultured rat astrocytes and rat brain in vivo
    • Warskulat U, Gorg B, Bidmon HJ, Muller HW, Schliess F, Haussinger D (2002) Ammonia-induced heme oxygenase-1 expression in cultured rat astrocytes and rat brain in vivo. Glia 40:324-336
    • (2002) Glia , vol.40 , pp. 324-336
    • Warskulat, U.1    Gorg, B.2    Bidmon, H.J.3    Muller, H.W.4    Schliess, F.5    Haussinger, D.6
  • 131
    • 80755169614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonia increases nitric oxide, free Zn(2?), and metallothionein mRNA expression in cultured rat astrocytes
    • Kruczek C, Görg B, Keitel V, Bidmon HJ, Schliess F, Häussinger D (2011) Ammonia increases nitric oxide, free Zn(2?), and metallothionein mRNA expression in cultured rat astrocytes. Biol Chem 392:1155-1165
    • (2011) Biol Chem , vol.392 , pp. 1155-1165
    • Kruczek, C.1    Görg, B.2    Keitel, V.3    Bidmon, H.J.4    Schliess, F.5    Häussinger, D.6
  • 132
    • 0027309113 scopus 로고
    • NMDA receptors and AMPA/kainate receptors mediate parallel injury in cerebral cortical cultures subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation
    • Choi DW (1993) NMDA receptors and AMPA/kainate receptors mediate parallel injury in cerebral cortical cultures subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Prog Brain Res 96:137-143
    • (1993) Prog Brain Res , vol.96 , pp. 137-143
    • Choi, D.W.1
  • 133
    • 84855702543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct expression/function of potassium and chloride channels contributes to the diverse volume regulation in cortical astrocytes of GFAP/EGFP mice
    • Benesova J, Rusnakova V, Honsa P, Pivonkova H, Dzamba D, Kubista M, Anderova M (2012) Distinct expression/function of potassium and chloride channels contributes to the diverse volume regulation in cortical astrocytes of GFAP/EGFP mice. PLoS ONE 7:e29725
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7
    • Benesova, J.1    Rusnakova, V.2    Honsa, P.3    Pivonkova, H.4    Dzamba, D.5    Kubista, M.6    Anderova, M.7
  • 134
    • 79959834906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of estradiol on ischemic factor-induced astrocyte swelling and AQP4 protein abundance
    • Rutkowsky JM, Wallace BK, Wise PM, O'Donnell ME (2011) Effects of estradiol on ischemic factor-induced astrocyte swelling and AQP4 protein abundance. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 301:C204-C212
    • (2011) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol , vol.301
    • Rutkowsky, J.M.1    Wallace, B.K.2    Wise, P.M.3    O'Donnell, M.E.4
  • 135
    • 0032525075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of glucose deprivation, chemical hypoxia, and simulated ischemia on Na+ homeostasis in rat spinal cord astrocytes
    • Rose CR, Waxman SG, Ransom BR (1998) Effects of glucose deprivation, chemical hypoxia, and simulated ischemia on Na+ homeostasis in rat spinal cord astrocytes. J Neurosci 18:3554-3562
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 3554-3562
    • Rose, C.R.1    Waxman, S.G.2    Ransom, B.R.3
  • 136
    • 0031006939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aberrant expression of mitotic Cdc2/cyclin B1 kinase in degenerating neurons of Alzheimer's disease brain
    • Vincent I, Jicha G, Rosado M, Dickson DW (1997) Aberrant expression of mitotic Cdc2/cyclin B1 kinase in degenerating neurons of Alzheimer's disease brain. J Neurosci 17:3588-3598
    • (1997) J Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 3588-3598
    • Vincent, I.1    Jicha, G.2    Rosado, M.3    Dickson, D.W.4
  • 138
    • 32544434684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chloride transporter Na(+)-K(+)-Cl-cotransporter isoform-1 contributes to intracellular chloride increases after in vitro ischemia
    • Pond BB, Berglund K, Kuner T, Feng G, Augustine GJ, Schwartz-Bloom RD (2006) The chloride transporter Na(+)-K(+)-Cl-cotransporter isoform-1 contributes to intracellular chloride increases after in vitro ischemia. J Neurosci 26:1396-1406
    • (2006) J Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 1396-1406
    • Pond, B.B.1    Berglund, K.2    Kuner, T.3    Feng, G.4    Augustine, G.J.5    Schwartz-Bloom, R.D.6
  • 140
    • 39749130249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanisms of acute ischemic injury in the cell processes of developing white matter astrocytes
    • Salter MG, Fern R (2008) The mechanisms of acute ischemic injury in the cell processes of developing white matter astrocytes. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 28:588-601
    • (2008) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.28 , pp. 588-601
    • Salter, M.G.1    Fern, R.2
  • 141
    • 17144418925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of Na-K-Cl co-transporter in cerebral ischemia
    • Chen H, Sun D (2005) The role of Na-K-Cl co-transporter in cerebral ischemia. Neurol Res 27:280-286
    • (2005) Neurol Res , vol.27 , pp. 280-286
    • Chen, H.1    Sun, D.2
  • 143
    • 0034050921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of anion transporters to the acidosis-induced swelling and intracellular acidification of glial cells
    • Ringel F, Chang RCC, Staub F, Baethmann A, Plesnila N (2000) Contribution of anion transporters to the acidosis-induced swelling and intracellular acidification of glial cells. J Neurochem 75:125-132
    • (2000) J Neurochem , vol.75 , pp. 125-132
    • Ringel, F.1    Chang, R.C.C.2    Staub, F.3    Baethmann, A.4    Plesnila, N.5
  • 144
    • 0019842691 scopus 로고
    • Cell damage in the brain: A speculative synthesis
    • Siesjo BK (1981) Cell damage in the brain: A speculative synthesis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1:155-185
    • (1981) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.1 , pp. 155-185
    • Siesjo, B.K.1
  • 145
    • 0021248814 scopus 로고
    • Brain lactic acidosis and ischemic cell damage: A topographic study with high-resolution light microscopy of early recovery in a rat model of severe incomplete ischemia
    • Paljarvi L (1984) Brain lactic acidosis and ischemic cell damage: A topographic study with high-resolution light microscopy of early recovery in a rat model of severe incomplete ischemia. Acta Neuropathol 64:89-98
    • (1984) Acta Neuropathol , vol.64 , pp. 89-98
    • Paljarvi, L.1
  • 146
    • 0022486474 scopus 로고
    • Postinsult treatment of ischemia-induced cerebral lactic acidosis in the rat
    • Biros MH, Dimlich RV, Barsan WG (1986) Postinsult treatment of ischemia-induced cerebral lactic acidosis in the rat. Ann Emerg Med 15:397-404
    • (1986) Ann Emerg Med , vol.15 , pp. 397-404
    • Biros, M.H.1    Dimlich, R.V.2    Barsan, W.G.3
  • 148
    • 1442279347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of traumatic brain edema: Current concepts
    • Marmarou A (2003) Pathophysiology of traumatic brain edema: Current concepts. Acta Neurochir (Suppl) 86:7-10
    • (2003) Acta Neurochir (Suppl , vol.86 , pp. 7-10
    • Marmarou, A.1
  • 149
    • 79954424982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Na-K-Cl cotransporter-1 in the mechanism of cell swelling in cultured astrocytes after fluid percussion injury
    • Jayakumar AR, Panickar KS, Curtis KM, Tong XY, Moriyama M, Norenberg MD (2011) Na-K-Cl cotransporter-1 in the mechanism of cell swelling in cultured astrocytes after fluid percussion injury. J Neurochem 117:437-448
    • (2011) J Neurochem , vol.117 , pp. 437-448
    • Jayakumar, A.R.1    Panickar, K.S.2    Curtis, K.M.3    Tong, X.Y.4    Moriyama, M.5    Norenberg, M.D.6
  • 150
    • 79952773373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aquaporin-4 expression in cultured astrocytes after fluid percussion injury
    • Rao KV, Reddy PV, Curtis KM, Norenberg MD (2011) Aquaporin-4 expression in cultured astrocytes after fluid percussion injury. J Neurotrauma 28:371-381
    • (2011) J Neurotrauma , vol.28 , pp. 371-381
    • Rao, K.V.1    Reddy, P.V.2    Curtis, K.M.3    Norenberg, M.D.4
  • 152
    • 0025731758 scopus 로고
    • Fulminant hepatic failure: Clinical features, etiology, epidemiology, and current management
    • Capocaccia L, Angelico M (1991) Fulminant hepatic failure: Clinical features, etiology, epidemiology, and current management. Dig Dis Sci 36:775-779
    • (1991) Dig Dis Sci , vol.36 , pp. 775-779
    • Capocaccia, L.1    Angelico, M.2
  • 153
    • 0026096553 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure: Distinct aspects of the same problem
    • Blei AT (1991) Cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure: Distinct aspects of the same problem. Hepatology 13:376-379
    • (1991) Hepatology , vol.13 , pp. 376-379
    • Blei, A.T.1
  • 154
    • 0014829494 scopus 로고
    • Encephalopathie porto-cave: Contribution a la pathologie ultrastructurale de la glie chez l'homme
    • Foncin JF, Nicolaides S (1970) Encephalopathie porto-cave: Contribution a la pathologie ultrastructurale de la glie chez l'homme. Rev Neurol 123:81-87
    • (1970) Rev Neurol , vol.123 , pp. 81-87
    • Foncin, J.F.1    Nicolaides, S.2
  • 155
    • 0017735996 scopus 로고
    • A light and electron microscopic study of experimental portal-systemic (ammonia) encephalopathy. Progression and reversal of the disorder
    • Norenberg MD (1977) A light and electron microscopic study of experimental portal-systemic (ammonia) encephalopathy. Progression and reversal of the disorder. Lab Invest 36:618-627
    • (1977) Lab Invest , vol.36 , pp. 618-627
    • Norenberg, M.D.1
  • 156
    • 0023607036 scopus 로고
    • Electron microscopic evaluation of brain edema in rabbits with galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure: Ultrastructure and integrity of the blood-brain barrier
    • Traber PG, Dal Canto MC, Ganger D, Blei AT (1987) Electron microscopic evaluation of brain edema in rabbits with galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure: Ultrastructure and integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Hepatology 7:1272-1277
    • (1987) Hepatology , vol.7 , pp. 1272-1277
    • Traber, P.G.1    Dal Canto, M.C.2    Ganger, D.3    Blei, A.T.4
  • 157
    • 0024406907 scopus 로고
    • Electron microscopic study of the blood-brain barrier in rats with brain edema and encephalopathy due to acute hepatic failure
    • Kato M, Sugihara J, Nakamura T, Muto Y (1989) Electron microscopic study of the blood-brain barrier in rats with brain edema and encephalopathy due to acute hepatic failure. Gastroenterol Jpn 24:135-142
    • (1989) Gastroenterol Jpn , vol.24 , pp. 135-142
    • Kato, M.1    Sugihara, J.2    Nakamura, T.3    Muto, Y.4
  • 158
    • 84989509425 scopus 로고
    • Ammonia-induced brain edema and intracranial hypertension in rats after portacaval anastomosis
    • Blei AT, Olafsson S, Therrien G, Butterworth RF (1994) Ammonia-induced brain edema and intracranial hypertension in rats after portacaval anastomosis. Hepatology 19:1437-1444
    • (1994) Hepatology , vol.19 , pp. 1437-1444
    • Blei, A.T.1    Olafsson, S.2    Therrien, G.3    Butterworth, R.F.4
  • 160
    • 0033672168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ammonia exposition on glioma cells: Changes in cell volume and organic osmolytes studied by diffusion-weighted and highresolution NMR spectroscopy
    • Zwingmann C, Flogel U, Pfeuffer J, Leibfritz D (2000) Effects of ammonia exposition on glioma cells: Changes in cell volume and organic osmolytes studied by diffusion-weighted and highresolution NMR spectroscopy. Dev Neurosci 22:463-471
    • (2000) Dev Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 463-471
    • Zwingmann, C.1    Flogel, U.2    Pfeuffer, J.3    Leibfritz, D.4
  • 162
    • 2342615650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha correlate with severity of hepatic encephalopathy due to chronic liver failure
    • Odeh M, Sabo E, Srugo I, Oliven A (2004) Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha correlate with severity of hepatic encephalopathy due to chronic liver failure. Liver Int 24:110-116
    • (2004) Liver Int , vol.24 , pp. 110-116
    • Odeh, M.1    Sabo, E.2    Srugo, I.3    Oliven, A.4
  • 165
  • 166
    • 0027441567 scopus 로고
    • Glial glycogen stores affect neuronal survival during glucose deprivation in vitro
    • Swanson RA, Choi DW (1993) Glial glycogen stores affect neuronal survival during glucose deprivation in vitro. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 13:162-169
    • (1993) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.13 , pp. 162-169
    • Swanson, R.A.1    Choi, D.W.2
  • 167
    • 0024406708 scopus 로고
    • Hundred-fold increase in neuronal vulnerability to glutamate toxicity in astrocyte-poor cultures of rat cerebral cortex
    • Rosenberg PA, Aizenman E (1989) Hundred-fold increase in neuronal vulnerability to glutamate toxicity in astrocyte-poor cultures of rat cerebral cortex. Neurosci Lett 103:162-168
    • (1989) Neurosci Lett , vol.103 , pp. 162-168
    • Rosenberg, P.A.1    Aizenman, E.2
  • 168
    • 0026482507 scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte glutamate uptake during chemical hypoxia in vitro
    • Swanson RA (1992) Astrocyte glutamate uptake during chemical hypoxia in vitro. Neurosci Lett 147:143-146
    • (1992) Neurosci Lett , vol.147 , pp. 143-146
    • Swanson, R.A.1
  • 170
    • 0025049840 scopus 로고
    • Selective vulnerability of cultured glia to injury by extracellular acidosis
    • Giffard RG, Monyer H, Choi DW (1990) Selective vulnerability of cultured glia to injury by extracellular acidosis. Brain Res 530:138-141
    • (1990) Brain Res , vol.530 , pp. 138-141
    • Giffard, R.G.1    Monyer, H.2    Choi, D.W.3
  • 171
    • 0035449974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mitochondrial permeability transition pore and nitric oxide synthase mediate early mitochondrial depolarization in astrocytes during oxygenglucose deprivation
    • Reichert SA, Kim-Han JS, Dugan LL (2001) The mitochondrial permeability transition pore and nitric oxide synthase mediate early mitochondrial depolarization in astrocytes during oxygenglucose deprivation. J Neurosci 21:6608-6616
    • (2001) J Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 6608-6616
    • Reichert, S.A.1    Kim-Han, J.S.2    Dugan, L.L.3
  • 173
    • 77957076579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting astrocytes for stroke therapy
    • Zhao Y, Rempe DA (2010) Targeting astrocytes for stroke therapy. Neurotherapeutics 7:439-451
    • (2010) Neurotherapeutics , vol.7 , pp. 439-451
    • Zhao, Y.1    Rempe, D.A.2
  • 174
    • 20344394153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of glial cells in cerebral ischemia
    • Nedergaard M, Dirnagl U (2005) Role of glial cells in cerebral ischemia. Glia 50:281-286
    • (2005) Glia , vol.50 , pp. 281-286
    • Nedergaard, M.1    Dirnagl, U.2
  • 175
    • 34247227508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of neuroprotection during ischemic preconditioning: Lessons from anoxic tolerance
    • Perez-Pinzon MA (2007) Mechanisms of neuroprotection during ischemic preconditioning: Lessons from anoxic tolerance. Comp Biochem Physiol A: Mol Integr Physiol 147:291-299
    • (2007) Comp Biochem Physiol A: Mol Integr Physiol , vol.147 , pp. 291-299
    • Perez-Pinzon, M.A.1
  • 177
    • 34547492269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of mitochondrial function in astrocytes: Implications for neuroprotection
    • Voloboueva LA, Suh SW, Swanson RA, Giffard RG (2007) Inhibition of mitochondrial function in astrocytes: Implications for neuroprotection. J Neurochem 102:1383-1394
    • (2007) J Neurochem , vol.102 , pp. 1383-1394
    • Voloboueva, L.A.1    Suh, S.W.2    Swanson, R.A.3    Giffard, R.G.4
  • 178
    • 0028289757 scopus 로고
    • Astrogliosis in culture: III. Effect of recombinant retrovirus expressing antisense glial fibrillary acidic protein RNA
    • Ghirnikar RS, Yu AC, Eng LF (1994) Astrogliosis in culture: III. Effect of recombinant retrovirus expressing antisense glial fibrillary acidic protein RNA. J Neurosci Res 38:376-385
    • (1994) J Neurosci Res , vol.38 , pp. 376-385
    • Ghirnikar, R.S.1    Yu, A.C.2    Eng, L.F.3
  • 179
    • 0029151874 scopus 로고
    • A new model for rapid stretch-induced injury of cells in culture: Characterization of the model using astrocytes
    • Ellis EF, McKinney JS, Willoughby KA, Liang S, Povlishock JT (1995) A new model for rapid stretch-induced injury of cells in culture: Characterization of the model using astrocytes. J Neurotrauma 12:325-339
    • (1995) J Neurotrauma , vol.12 , pp. 325-339
    • Ellis, E.F.1    McKinney, J.S.2    Willoughby, K.A.3    Liang, S.4    Povlishock, J.T.5
  • 181
    • 0036931846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NMDA receptor activation contributes to a portion of the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and elevated intracellular free calcium in straininjured neurons
    • Ahmed SM, Weber JT, Liang S, Willoughby KA, Sitterding HA, Rzigalinski BA, Ellis EF (2002) NMDA receptor activation contributes to a portion of the decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and elevated intracellular free calcium in straininjured neurons. J Neurotrauma 19:1619-1629
    • (2002) J Neurotrauma , vol.19 , pp. 1619-1629
    • Ahmed, S.M.1    Weber, J.T.2    Liang, S.3    Willoughby, K.A.4    Sitterding, H.A.5    Rzigalinski, B.A.6    Ellis, E.F.7
  • 182
    • 0029989457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stretch-induced injury of cultured neuronal, glial, and endothelial cells. Effect of polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase
    • McKinney JS, Willoughby KA, Liang S, Ellis EF (1996) Stretch-induced injury of cultured neuronal, glial, and endothelial cells. Effect of polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase. Stroke 27:934-940
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , pp. 934-940
    • McKinney, J.S.1    Willoughby, K.A.2    Liang, S.3    Ellis, E.F.4
  • 185
    • 0034093306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stretch-induced injury alters mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular ATP in cultured astrocytes and neurons
    • Ahmed SM, Rzigalinski BA, Willoughby KA, Sitterding HA, Ellis EF (2000) Stretch-induced injury alters mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular ATP in cultured astrocytes and neurons. J Neurochem 74:1951-1960
    • (2000) J Neurochem , vol.74 , pp. 1951-1960
    • Ahmed, S.M.1    Rzigalinski, B.A.2    Willoughby, K.A.3    Sitterding, H.A.4    Ellis, E.F.5
  • 186
    • 0035996447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal and glial mGluR5 modulation prevents stretch-induced enhancement of NMDA receptor current
    • Lea PM, Custer SJ, Vicini S, Faden AI (2002) Neuronal and glial mGluR5 modulation prevents stretch-induced enhancement of NMDA receptor current. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 73:287-298
    • (2002) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.73 , pp. 287-298
    • Lea, P.M.1    Custer, S.J.2    Vicini, S.3    Faden, A.I.4
  • 187
    • 1242343630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antagonism of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors and PLC attenuates increases in inositol trisphosphate and reduces reactive gliosis in strain-injured astrocytes
    • Floyd CL, Rzigalinski BA, Sitterding HA, Willoughby KA, Ellis EF (2004) Antagonism of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors and PLC attenuates increases in inositol trisphosphate and reduces reactive gliosis in strain-injured astrocytes. J Neurotrauma 21:205-216
    • (2004) J Neurotrauma , vol.21 , pp. 205-216
    • Floyd, C.L.1    Rzigalinski, B.A.2    Sitterding, H.A.3    Willoughby, K.A.4    Ellis, E.F.5
  • 188
    • 0037444676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase by stretch-induced injury in astrocytes involves extracellular ATP and P2 purinergic receptors
    • Neary JT, Kang Y, Willoughby KA, Ellis EF (2003) Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase by stretch-induced injury in astrocytes involves extracellular ATP and P2 purinergic receptors. J Neurosci 23:2348-2356
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 2348-2356
    • Neary, J.T.1    Kang, Y.2    Willoughby, K.A.3    Ellis, E.F.4
  • 190
    • 34249827565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S100B protein is released from rat neonatal neurons, astrocytes, and microglia by in vitro trauma and anti-S100 increases trauma-induced delayed neuronal injury and negates the protective effect of exogenous S100B on neurons
    • Ellis EF, Willoughby KA, Sparks SA, Chen T (2007) S100B protein is released from rat neonatal neurons, astrocytes, and microglia by in vitro trauma and anti-S100 increases trauma-induced delayed neuronal injury and negates the protective effect of exogenous S100B on neurons. J Neurochem 101:1463-1470
    • (2007) J Neurochem , vol.101 , pp. 1463-1470
    • Ellis, E.F.1    Willoughby, K.A.2    Sparks, S.A.3    Chen, T.4
  • 191
    • 1642564272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group I metabotropic receptor antagonism blocks depletion of calcium stores and reduces potentiated capacitative calcium entry in strain-injured neurons and astrocytes
    • Chen T, Willoughby KA, Ellis EF (2004) Group I metabotropic receptor antagonism blocks depletion of calcium stores and reduces potentiated capacitative calcium entry in strain-injured neurons and astrocytes. J Neurotrauma 21:271-281
    • (2004) J Neurotrauma , vol.21 , pp. 271-281
    • Chen, T.1    Willoughby, K.A.2    Ellis, E.F.3
  • 193
    • 33646949200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and MAPK phosphorylation mediate ammonia-induced cell swelling and glutamate uptake inhibition in cultured astrocytes
    • Jayakumar AR, Panickar KS, Murthy ChRK, Norenberg MD (2006) Oxidative stress and MAPK phosphorylation mediate ammonia-induced cell swelling and glutamate uptake inhibition in cultured astrocytes. J Neurosci 26:4774-4784
    • (2006) J Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 4774-4784
    • Jayakumar, A.R.1    Panickar, K.S.2    Murthy, C.R.K.3    Norenberg, M.D.4
  • 194
    • 0010220867 scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical alterations associated with epilepsy or seizure activity
    • Dam M, Gram L (eds). Raven Press, New York
    • Schousboe A (1991) Neurochemical alterations associated with epilepsy or seizure activity. In: Dam M, Gram L (eds) Comprehensive epileptology. Raven Press, New York, pp 1-16
    • (1991) Comprehensive Epileptology , pp. 1-16
    • Schousboe, A.1
  • 195
    • 76749150610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial modulation of excitability via glutamatergic and GABA transporters
    • Schwartzkroin PA (ed) Academic Press, Oxford
    • Schousboe A, White HS (2009) Glial modulation of excitability via glutamatergic and GABA transporters. In: Schwartzkroin PA (ed) Encyclopedia of basic epilepsy research. Academic Press, Oxford, pp 397-401
    • (2009) Encyclopedia of Basic Epilepsy Research , pp. 397-401
    • Schousboe, A.1    White, H.S.2
  • 196
    • 0023841024 scopus 로고
    • Effects of valproate, vigabatrin and aminooxyacetic acid on release of endogenous and exogenous GABA from cultured neurons
    • Gram L, Larsson OM, Johnsen AH, Schousboe A (1988) Effects of valproate, vigabatrin and aminooxyacetic acid on release of endogenous and exogenous GABA from cultured neurons. Epilepsy Res 2:87-95
    • (1988) Epilepsy Res , vol.2 , pp. 87-95
    • Gram, L.1    Larsson, O.M.2    Johnsen, A.H.3    Schousboe, A.4
  • 197
    • 0022469420 scopus 로고
    • Differential effect of gamma-vinyl GABA and valproate on GABA-transaminase from cultured neurones and astrocytes
    • Larsson OM, Gram L, Schousboe I, Schousboe A (1986) Differential effect of gamma-vinyl GABA and valproate on GABA-transaminase from cultured neurones and astrocytes. Neuropharmacology 25:617-625
    • (1986) Neuropharmacology , vol.25 , pp. 617-625
    • Larsson, O.M.1    Gram, L.2    Schousboe, I.3    Schousboe, A.4
  • 198
    • 0023029986 scopus 로고
    • Stereoselective uptake of the GABA-transaminase inhibitors gamma-vinyl GABA and gamma-acetylenic GABA into neurons and astrocytes
    • Schousboe A, Larsson OM, Seiler N (1986) Stereoselective uptake of the GABA-transaminase inhibitors gamma-vinyl GABA and gamma-acetylenic GABA into neurons and astrocytes. Neurochem Res 11:1497-1505
    • (1986) Neurochem Res , vol.11 , pp. 1497-1505
    • Schousboe, A.1    Larsson, O.M.2    Seiler, N.3
  • 201
    • 0021064679 scopus 로고
    • Transport and metabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid in neurons and glia: Implications for epilepsy
    • Schousboe A, Larsson OM, Wood JD, Krogsgaard-Larsen P (1983) Transport and metabolism of gamma-aminobutyric acid in neurons and glia: Implications for epilepsy. Epilepsia 24:531-538
    • (1983) Epilepsia , vol.24 , pp. 531-538
    • Schousboe, A.1    Larsson, O.M.2    Wood, J.D.3    Krogsgaard-Larsen, P.4
  • 202
    • 0028999957 scopus 로고
    • A review of the preclinical pharmacology of tiagabine: A potent and selective anticonvulsant GABA uptake inhibitor
    • Suzdak PD, Jansen JA (1995) A review of the preclinical pharmacology of tiagabine: A potent and selective anticonvulsant GABA uptake inhibitor. Epilepsia 36:612-626
    • (1995) Epilepsia , vol.36 , pp. 612-626
    • Suzdak, P.D.1    Jansen, J.A.2
  • 204
  • 207
    • 0031944112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes from human hippocampal epileptogenic foci exhibit action potential-like responses
    • O'Connor ER, Sontheimer H, Spencer DD, de Lanerolle NC (1998) Astrocytes from human hippocampal epileptogenic foci exhibit action potential-like responses. Epilepsia 39:347-354
    • (1998) Epilepsia , vol.39 , pp. 347-354
    • O'Connor, E.R.1    Sontheimer, H.2    Spencer, D.D.3    De Lanerolle, N.C.4
  • 209
    • 37349114621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transplanted astrocytes internalize deposited beta-amyloid peptides in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
    • Pihlaja R, Koistinaho J, Malm T, Sikkila H, Vainio S, Koistinaho M (2008) Transplanted astrocytes internalize deposited beta-amyloid peptides in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Glia 56:154-163
    • (2008) Glia , vol.56 , pp. 154-163
    • Pihlaja, R.1    Koistinaho, J.2    Malm, T.3    Sikkila, H.4    Vainio, S.5    Koistinaho, M.6
  • 210
    • 1642499152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-amyloid peptides induce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in astrocytes and death of neurons through activation of NADPH oxidase
    • Abramov AY, Canevari L, Duchen MR (2004) Beta-amyloid peptides induce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in astrocytes and death of neurons through activation of NADPH oxidase. J Neurosci 24:565-575
    • (2004) J Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 565-575
    • Abramov, A.Y.1    Canevari, L.2    Duchen, M.R.3
  • 211
    • 0038452658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in intracellular calcium and glutathione in astrocytes as the primary mechanism of amyloid neurotoxicity
    • Abramov AY, Canevari L, Duchen MR (2003) Changes in intracellular calcium and glutathione in astrocytes as the primary mechanism of amyloid neurotoxicity. J Neurosci 23:5088-5095
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 5088-5095
    • Abramov, A.Y.1    Canevari, L.2    Duchen, M.R.3
  • 212
    • 10044244916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium signals induced by amyloid beta peptide and their consequences in neurons and astrocytes in culture
    • Abramov AY, Canevari L, Duchen MR (2004) Calcium signals induced by amyloid beta peptide and their consequences in neurons and astrocytes in culture. Biochim Biophys Acta 1742:81-87
    • (2004) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1742 , pp. 81-87
    • Abramov, A.Y.1    Canevari, L.2    Duchen, M.R.3
  • 213
    • 79959945013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes are important mediators of Abeta-induced neurotoxicity and tau phosphorylation in primary culture
    • Garwood CJ, Pooler AM, Atherton J, Hanger DP, Noble W (2011) Astrocytes are important mediators of Abeta-induced neurotoxicity and tau phosphorylation in primary culture. Cell Death Dis 2:e167
    • (2011) Cell Death Dis , vol.2
    • Garwood, C.J.1    Pooler, A.M.2    Atherton, J.3    Hanger, D.P.4    Noble, W.5
  • 214
    • 84862779609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiinflammatory impact of minocycline in a mouse model of tauopathy
    • Garwood CJ, Cooper JD, Hanger DP, Noble W (2010) Antiinflammatory impact of minocycline in a mouse model of tauopathy. Front Psychiatry 1:136
    • (2010) Front Psychiatry , vol.1 , pp. 136
    • Garwood, C.J.1    Cooper, J.D.2    Hanger, D.P.3    Noble, W.4
  • 215
    • 77957357526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reductions in amyloid-beta-derived neuroinflammation, with minocycline, restore cognition but do not significantly affect tau hyperphosphorylation
    • Parachikova A, Vasilevko V, Cribbs DH, LaFerla FM, Green KN (2010) Reductions in amyloid-beta-derived neuroinflammation, with minocycline, restore cognition but do not significantly affect tau hyperphosphorylation. J Alzheimers Dis 21:527-542
    • (2010) J Alzheimers Dis , vol.21 , pp. 527-542
    • Parachikova, A.1    Vasilevko, V.2    Cribbs, D.H.3    LaFerla, F.M.4    Green, K.N.5
  • 216
    • 47349104402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial reactions in Parkinson's disease
    • McGeer PL, McGeer EG (2008) Glial reactions in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 23:474-483
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , pp. 474-483
    • McGeer, P.L.1    McGeer, E.G.2
  • 219
    • 82555196455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoamine oxidase B inhibitors for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: A review of symptomatic and potential disease-modifying effects
    • Schapira AH (2011) Monoamine oxidase B inhibitors for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: A review of symptomatic and potential disease-modifying effects. CNS Drugs 25:1061-1071
    • (2011) CNS Drugs , vol.25 , pp. 1061-1071
    • Schapira, A.H.1
  • 220
    • 0030911911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,36-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) decreases glutamate uptake in cultured astrocytes
    • Hazell AS, Itzhak Y, Liu H, Norenberg MD (1997) 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) decreases glutamate uptake in cultured astrocytes. J Neurochem 68:2216-2219
    • (1997) J Neurochem , vol.68 , pp. 2216-2219
    • Hazell, A.S.1    Itzhak, Y.2    Liu, H.3    Norenberg, M.D.4
  • 222
    • 0026092050 scopus 로고
    • The use of astrocytes in culture as model systems for evaluating neurotoxic-inducedinjury
    • Aschner M, Kimelberg HK (1991) The use of astrocytes in culture as model systems for evaluating neurotoxic-inducedinjury. Neurotoxicology 12:505-517
    • (1991) Neurotoxicology , vol.12 , pp. 505-517
    • Aschner, M.1    Kimelberg, H.K.2
  • 223
    • 77954424574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial matters of the brain: The role in Huntington's disease
    • Turner C, Schapira AH (2010) Mitochondrial matters of the brain: The role in Huntington's disease. J Bioenerg Biomembr 42:193-198
    • (2010) J Bioenerg Biomembr , vol.42 , pp. 193-198
    • Turner, C.1    Schapira, A.H.2
  • 226
    • 84863278527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapamycin prevents the mutant huntingtin-suppressed GLT-1 expression in cultured astrocytes
    • Chen LL, Wu JC, Wang LH, Wang J, Qin ZH, DiFiglia M, Lin F (2012) Rapamycin prevents the mutant huntingtin-suppressed GLT-1 expression in cultured astrocytes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 33:385-392
    • (2012) Acta Pharmacol Sin , vol.33 , pp. 385-392
    • Chen, L.L.1    Wu, J.C.2    Wang, L.H.3    Wang, J.4    Qin, Z.H.5    DiFiglia, M.6    Lin, F.7
  • 227
    • 0028214436 scopus 로고
    • Huntington's disease, energy, and excitotoxicity
    • Beal MF (1994) Huntington's disease, energy, and excitotoxicity. Neurobiol Aging 15:275-276
    • (1994) Neurobiol Aging , vol.15 , pp. 275-276
    • Beal, M.F.1
  • 228
    • 0026597010 scopus 로고
    • Decreased glutamate transport by brain and spinal cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Rothstein JD, Martin LJ, Kuncl RW (1992) Decreased glutamate transport by brain and spinal cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. N Engl J Med 326:1464-1468
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 1464-1468
    • Rothstein, J.D.1    Martin, L.J.2    Kuncl, R.W.3
  • 229
    • 0029030610 scopus 로고
    • Selective loss of glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Rothstein JD, Van Kammen M, Levey AI, Martin LJ, Kuncl RW (1995) Selective loss of glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 38:73-84
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.38 , pp. 73-84
    • Rothstein, J.D.1    Van Kammen, M.2    Levey, A.I.3    Martin, L.J.4    Kuncl, R.W.5
  • 230
    • 0031879593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The expression of the glial glutamate transporter protein EAAT2 in motor neuron disease: An immunohistochemical study
    • Fray AE, Ince PG, Banner SJ, Milton LD, Usher PA, Cookson MR, Shaw PJ (1998) The expression of the glial glutamate transporter protein EAAT2 in motor neuron disease: An immunohistochemical study. Eur J Neurosci 10:2481-2489
    • (1998) Eur J Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 2481-2489
    • Fray, A.E.1    Ince, P.G.2    Banner, S.J.3    Milton, L.D.4    Usher, P.A.5    Cookson, M.R.6    Shaw, P.J.7
  • 232
    • 0035978743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Rowland LP, Shneider NA (2001) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. N Engl J Med 344:1688-1700
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 1688-1700
    • Rowland, L.P.1    Shneider, N.A.2
  • 233
    • 34247473080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-cell autonomous effect of glia on motor neurons in an embryonic stem cell-based ALS model
    • Di Giorgio FP, Carrasco MA, Siao MC, Maniatis T, Eggan K (2007) Non-cell autonomous effect of glia on motor neurons in an embryonic stem cell-based ALS model. Nat Neurosci 10:608-614
    • (2007) Nat Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 608-614
    • Di Giorgio, F.P.1    Carrasco, M.A.2    Siao, M.C.3    Maniatis, T.4    Eggan, K.5
  • 237
    • 0028057831 scopus 로고
    • Temporal patterns of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcripts in human fetal astrocytes
    • Tornatore C, Meyers K, Atwood W, Conant K, Major E (1994) Temporal patterns of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcripts in human fetal astrocytes. J Virol 68:93-102
    • (1994) J Virol , vol.68 , pp. 93-102
    • Tornatore, C.1    Meyers, K.2    Atwood, W.3    Conant, K.4    Major, E.5
  • 239
    • 0030781471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte metallothioneins (MTs) and their neuroprotective role
    • Aschner M (1997) Astrocyte metallothioneins (MTs) and their neuroprotective role. Ann N Y Acad Sci 825:334-347
    • (1997) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.825 , pp. 334-347
    • Aschner, M.1
  • 240
    • 37249058422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insight into the molecular pathways of metallothionein-mediated neuroprotection and regeneration
    • Chung RS, Hidalgo J, West AK (2008) New insight into the molecular pathways of metallothionein-mediated neuroprotection and regeneration. J Neurochem 104:14-20
    • (2008) J Neurochem , vol.104 , pp. 14-20
    • Chung, R.S.1    Hidalgo, J.2    West, A.K.3
  • 241
    • 64949097318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes are a major target in thiamine deficiency and Wernicke's encephalopathy
    • Hazell AS (2009) Astrocytes are a major target in thiamine deficiency and Wernicke's encephalopathy. Neurochem Int 55:129-135
    • (2009) Neurochem Int , vol.55 , pp. 129-135
    • Hazell, A.S.1
  • 244
    • 0032146766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes cultured from transgenic mice carrying the added human glial fibrillary acidic protein gene contain Rosenthal fibers
    • Eng LF, Lee YL, Kwan H, Brenner M, Messing A (1998) Astrocytes cultured from transgenic mice carrying the added human glial fibrillary acidic protein gene contain Rosenthal fibers. J Neurosci Res 53:353-360
    • (1998) J Neurosci Res , vol.53 , pp. 353-360
    • Eng, L.F.1    Lee, Y.L.2    Kwan, H.3    Brenner, M.4    Messing, A.5
  • 246
    • 0025138986 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate induces calcium waves in cultured astrocytes: Longrange glial signaling
    • Cornell-Bell AH, Finkbeiner SM, Cooper MS, Smith SJ (1990) Glutamate induces calcium waves in cultured astrocytes: Longrange glial signaling. Science 247:470-473
    • (1990) Science , vol.247 , pp. 470-473
    • Cornell-Bell, A.H.1    Finkbeiner, S.M.2    Cooper, M.S.3    Smith, S.J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.