The role of gap junction channels during physiologic and pathologic conditions of the human central nervous system

Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 499-518

  Eugenin, Eliseo A ^a,d   Basilio, Daniel ^a   Sáez, Juan C ^b,e   Orellana, Juan A ^c   Raine, Cedric S ^a   Bukauskas, Feliksas ^a   Bennett, Michael V L ^a   Berman, Joan W ^a  

^a ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso   (Chile)

^c PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE CHILE   (Chile)

^d PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^e PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE CHILE   (Chile)

Author keywords

Alzheimer; Connexin; Disease; Hemichannels; HIV; NeuroAIDS

Indexed keywords

CONNEXIN 26; CONNEXIN 29; CONNEXIN 30; CONNEXIN 31; CONNEXIN 32; CONNEXIN 33; CONNEXIN 36; CONNEXIN 37; CONNEXIN 40; CONNEXIN 43; CONNEXIN 45; CONNEXIN 47; GAP JUNCTION PROTEIN; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ASTROCYTE; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE; EPILEPSY; GAP JUNCTION; GENE MUTATION; GLIOMA; HEREDITARY MOTOR SENSORY NEUROPATHY; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HUNTINGTON CHOREA; MICROGLIA; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NERVE CELL; NONHUMAN; OLIGODENDROGLIA; PARKINSON DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; RETINA; REVIEW; VIRUS INFECTION;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; GAP JUNCTIONS; HUMANS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 84866064720     PISSN: 15571890     EISSN: 15571904     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11481-012-9352-5     Document Type: Review

References (320)

1. Abrams CK, Bennett MV, Verselis VK, Bargiello TA (2002) Voltage opens unopposed gap junction hemichannels formed by a connexin 32 mutant associated with X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:3980-3984 (Pubitemid 34252216)
2. Ahn M, Lee J, Gustafsson A, Enriquez A, Lancaster E, Sul JY, Haydon PG, Paul DL, Huang Y, Abrams CK, Scherer SS (2008) Cx29 and Cx32, two connexins expressed by myelinating glia, do not interact and are functionally distinct. J Neurosci Res 86:992-1006 (Pubitemid 351441297)
3. Albright AV, Shieh JT, Itoh T, Lee B, Pleasure D, O'Connor MJ, Doms RW, Gonzalez-Scarano F (1999) Microglia express CCR5, CXCR4, and CCR3, but of these, CCR5 is the principal coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 dementia isolates. J Virol 73:205-213 (Pubitemid 28565362)
4. Allen K, Fuchs EC, Jaschonek H, Bannerman DM, Monyer H (2011) Gap junctions between interneurons are required for normal spatial coding in the hippocampus and short-term spatial memory. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci 31:6542-6552
5. Altevogt BM, Kleopa KA, Postma FR, Scherer SS, Paul DL (2002) Connexin29 is uniquely distributed within myelinating glial cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems. J Neurosci 22:6458-6470 (Pubitemid 35386402)
6. Andrade-Rozental AF, Rozental R, Hopperstad MG, Wu JK, Vrionis FD, Spray DC (2000) Gap junctions: the "kiss of death" and the "kiss of life". Brain Res Brain Res Rev 32:308-315
7. Angaut P, Sotelo C (1973) The fine structure of the cerebellar central nuclei in the cat. II. Synaptic organization. Exp Brain Res 16:431-454
8. Anzini P, Neuberg DH, Schachner M, Nelles E,Willecke K, Zielasek J, Toyka KV, Suter U, Martini R (1997) Structural abnormalities and deficient maintenance of peripheral nerve myelin in mice lacking the gap junction protein connexin 32. J Neurosci 17:4545-4551 (Pubitemid 27246912)
9. Aronica E, Gorter JA, Jansen GH, Leenstra S, Yankaya B, Troost D (2001) Expression of connexin 43 and connexin 32 gap-junction proteins in epilepsy-associated brain tumors and in the perilesional epileptic cortex. Acta Neuropathol 101:449-459 (Pubitemid 32600134)
10. Ashrafi GH, Pitts JD, Faccini A, McLean P, O'Brien V, Finbow ME, Campo S (2000) Binding of bovine papillomavirus type 4 E8 to ductin (16 K proteolipid), down-regulation of gap junction intercellular communication and full cell transformation are independent events. J Gen Virol 81:689-694 (Pubitemid 30105498)
11. Asklund T, Appelskog IB, Ammerpohl O, Langmoen IA, Dilber MS, Aints A, Ekstrom TJ, Almqvist PM (2003) Gap junction-mediated bystander effect in primary cultures of human malignant gliomas with recombinant expression of the HSVtk gene. Exp Cell Res 284:185-195 (Pubitemid 36329174)
12. Bagasra O, Lavi E, Bobroski L, Khalili K, Pestaner JP, Tawadros R, Pomerantz RJ (1996) Cellular reservoirs of HIV-1 in the central nervous system of infected individuals: identification by the combination of in situ polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. AIDS 10:573-585 (Pubitemid 26162985)
13. Ballabh P, Braun A, Nedergaard M (2004) The blood-brain barrier: an overview: structure, regulation, and clinical implications. Neurobiol Dis 16:1-13 (Pubitemid 38569790)
14. Bani-Yaghoub M, Felker JM, Naus CC (1999) Human NT2/D1 cells differentiate into functional astrocytes. Neuroreport 10:3843-3846 (Pubitemid 30004843)
15. Bates DC, Sin WC, Aftab Q, Naus CC (2007) Connexin43 enhances glioma invasion by a mechanism involving the carboxy terminus. Glia 55:1554-1564 (Pubitemid 47556259)
16. Behin A, Hoang-Xuan K, Carpentier AF, Delattre JY (2003) Primary brain tumours in adults. Lancet 361:323-331 (Pubitemid 36126198)
17. Benardo LS, Foster RE (1986) Oscillatory behavior in inferior olive neurons: mechanism, modulation, cell aggregates. Brain Res Bull 17:773-784 (Pubitemid 17215222)
18. Bennett MV, Contreras JE, Bukauskas FF, Saez JC (2003) New roles for astrocytes: gap junction hemichannels have something to communicate. Trends Neurosci 26:610-617 (Pubitemid 37338369)
19. Bergoffen J, Scherer SS, Wang S, Scott MO, Bone LJ, Paul DL, Chen K, Lensch MW, Chance PF, Fischbeck KH (1993) Connexin mutations in X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Science 262:2039-2042 (Pubitemid 24041884)
20. Bittman K, Becker DL, Cicirata F, Parnavelas JG (2002) Connexin expression in homotypic and heterotypic cell coupling in the developing cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol 443:201-212 (Pubitemid 34093460)
21. Blanc EM, Bruce-Keller AJ, Mattson MP (1998) Astrocytic gap junctional communication decreases neuronal vulnerability to oxidative stress-induced disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis and cell death. J Neurochem 70:958-970 (Pubitemid 28113628)
22. Blankenship AG, Hamby AM, Firl A, Vyas S, Maxeiner S,Willecke K, Feller MB (2011) The role of neuronal connexins 36 and 45 in shaping spontaneous firing patterns in the developing retina. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci 31:9998-10008
23. Boisse L, Gill MJ, Power C (2008) HIV infection of the central nervous system: clinical features and neuropathogenesis. Neurol Clin 26:799-819, x (Pubitemid 352037443)
24. Bolanos JP, Medina JM (1996) Induction of nitric oxide synthase inhibits gap junction permeability in cultured rat astrocytes. J Neurochem 66:2091-2099 (Pubitemid 26118802)
25. Bostanci MO, Bagirici F (2006) The effects of octanol on penicillin induced epileptiform activity in rats: an in vivo study. Epilepsy Res 71:188-194 (Pubitemid 44416196)
26. Boucher S, Bennett SA (2003) Differential connexin expression, gap junction intercellular coupling, and hemichannel formation in NT2/D1 human neural progenitors and terminally differentiated hNT neurons. J Neurosci Res 72:393-404 (Pubitemid 36504708)
27. Brand-Schieber E, Werner P, Iacobas DA, Iacobas S, Beelitz M, Lowery SL, Spray DC, Scemes E (2005) Connexin43, the major gap junction protein of astrocytes, is down-regulated in inflamed white matter in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. J Neurosci Res 80:798-808 (Pubitemid 40961291)
28. Brooks-Kayal AR, Raol YH, Russek SJ (2009) Alteration of epileptogenesis genes. Neurotherapeutics 6:312-318
29. Bruzzone R, Hormuzdi SG, Barbe MT, Herb A, Monyer H (2003) Pannexins, a family of gap junction proteins expressed in brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:13644-13649 (Pubitemid 37444793)
30. Burnier L, Fontana P, Angelillo-Scherrer A, Kwak BR (2009) Intercellular communication in atherosclerosis. Physiology (Bethesda) 24:36-44
31. Butt AM, Ransom BR (1989) Visualization of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in the intact rat optic nerve by intracellular injection of lucifer yellow and horseradish peroxidase. Glia 2:470-475
32. Calderon TM, Eugenin EA, Lopez L, Kumar SS, Hesselgesser J, Raine CS, Berman JW (2006) A role for CXCL12 (SDF-1alpha) in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: regulation of CXCL12 expression in astrocytes by soluble myelin basic protein. J Neuroimmunol 177:27-39 (Pubitemid 44108231)
33. Carlen PL, Skinner F, Zhang L, Naus C, Kushnir M, Perez Velazquez JL (2000) The role of gap junctions in seizures. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 32:235-241 (Pubitemid 30177328)
34. Chang Q, Balice-Gordon RJ (2000) Gap junctional communication among developing and injured motor neurons. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 32:242-249 (Pubitemid 30177329)
35. Chang Q, Gonzalez M, Pinter MJ, Balice-Gordon RJ (1999) Gap junctional coupling and patterns of connexin expression among neonatal rat lumbar spinal motor neurons. J Neurosci 19:10813-10828 (Pubitemid 30235727)
36. Chang Q, Tang W, Ahmad S, Zhou B, Lin X (2008) Gap junction mediated intercellular metabolite transfer in the cochlea is compromised in connexin30 null mice. PLoS One 3:e4088
37. Cheng A, Tang H, Cai J, Zhu M, Zhang X, Rao M, Mattson MP (2004) Gap junctional communication is required to maintain mouse cortical neural progenitor cells in a proliferative state. Dev Biol 272:203-216 (Pubitemid 38887295)
38. Christie JM, Bark C, Hormuzdi SG, Helbig I, Monyer H, Westbrook GL (2005) Connexin36 mediates spike synchrony in olfactory bulb glomeruli. Neuron 46:761-772 (Pubitemid 40733131)
39. Churchill MJ, Gorry PR, Cowley D, Lal L, Sonza S, Purcell DF, Thompson KA, Gabuzda D, McArthur JC, Pardo CA, Wesselingh SL (2006) Use of laser capture microdissection to detect integrated HIV-1 DNA in macrophages and astrocytes from autopsy brain tissues. J Neurovirol 12:146-152 (Pubitemid 44574605)
40. Churchill MJ, Wesselingh SL, Cowley D, Pardo CA, McArthur JC, Brew BJ, Gorry PR (2009) Extensive astrocyte infection is prominent in human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia. Ann Neurol 66:253-258
41. Cina C, Maass K, Theis M, Willecke K, Bechberger JF, Naus CC (2009) Involvement of the cytoplasmic C-terminal domain of connexin43 in neuronal migration. J Neurosci 29:2009-2021
42. Cirenei N, Colombo BM, Mesnil M, Benedetti S, Yamasaki H, Finocchiaro G (1998) In vitro and in vivo effects of retrovirusmediated transfer of the connexin 43 gene in malignant gliomas: consequences for HSVtk/GCV anticancer gene therapy. Gene Ther 5:1221-1226 (Pubitemid 28448430)
43. Cohen-Salmon M, Regnault B, Cayet N, Caille D, Demuth K, Hardelin JP, Janel N, Meda P, Petit C (2007) Connexin30 deficiency causes instrastrial fluid-blood barrier disruption within the cochlear stria vascularis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:6229-6234 (Pubitemid 47186077)
44. Conant K, Tornatore C, Atwood W, Meyers K, Traub R, Major EO (1994) In vivo and in vitro infection of the astrocyte by HIV-1. Adv Neuroimmunol 4:287-289 (Pubitemid 24325876)
45. Condorelli DF, Parenti R, Spinella F, Trovato Salinaro A, Belluardo N, Cardile V, Cicirata F (1998) Cloning of a new gap junction gene (Cx36) highly expressed in mammalian brain neurons. Eur J Neurosci 10:1202-1208 (Pubitemid 28375646)
46. Condorelli DF, Mudo G, Trovato-Salinaro A, Mirone MB, Amato G, Belluardo N (2002) Connexin-30 mRNA is up-regulated in astrocytes and expressed in apoptotic neuronal cells of rat brain following kainate-induced seizures. Mol Cell Neurosci 21:94-113 (Pubitemid 35178502)
47. Condorelli DF, Trovato-Salinaro A, Mudo G, Mirone MB, Belluardo N (2003) Cellular expression of connexins in the rat brain: neuronal localization, effects of kainate-induced seizures and expression in apoptotic neuronal cells. Eur J Neurosci 18:1807-1827 (Pubitemid 37372365)
48. Contreras JE, Sanchez HA, Eugenin EA, Speidel D, Theis M,Willecke K, Bukauskas FF, Bennett MV, Saez JC (2002) Metabolic inhibition induces opening of unapposed connexin 43 gap junction hemichannels and reduces gap junctional communication in cortical astrocytes in culture. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:495-500 (Pubitemid 34060389)
49. Corvalan LA, Araya R, Branes MC, Saez PJ, Kalergis AM, Tobar JA, Theis M, Willecke K, Saez JC (2007) Injury of skeletal muscle and specific cytokines induce the expression of gap junction channels in mouse dendritic cells. J Cell Physiol 211:649-660 (Pubitemid 46683033)
50. Crow DS, Beyer EC, Paul DL, Kobe SS, Lau AF (1990) Phosphorylation of connexin43 gap junction protein in uninfected and Rous sarcoma virus-transformed mammalian fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol 10:1754-1763
51. Crow DS, Kurata WE, Lau AF (1992) Phosphorylation of connexin43 in cells containing mutant src oncogenes. Oncogene 7:999-1003
52. Dahl G, Locovei S (2006) Pannexin: to gap or not to gap, is that a question? IUBMB Life 58:409-419 (Pubitemid 43995626)
53. Dale N (2008) Dynamic ATP signalling and neural development. J Physiol 586:2429-2436 (Pubitemid 351689802)
54. De Pina-Benabou MH, Srinivas M, Spray DC, Scemes E (2001) Calmodulin kinase pathway mediates the K+-induced increase in Gap junctional communication between mouse spinal cord astrocytes. J Neurosci 21:6635-6643 (Pubitemid 32781108)
55. de Wit C, Roos F, Bolz SS, Kirchhoff S, Kruger O, Willecke K, Pohl U (2000) Impaired conduction of vasodilation along arterioles in connexin40-deficient mice. Circ Res 86:649-655 (Pubitemid 30208432)
56. de Wit C, Roos F, Bolz SS, Pohl U (2003) Lack of vascular connexin 40 is associated with hypertension and irregular arteriolar vasomotion. Physiol Genomics 13:169-177 (Pubitemid 37129181)
57. Del Monte U, Statuto M (2004) Drop of connexins: a possible link between aging and cancer? Exp Gerontol 39:273-275 (Pubitemid 38169421)
58. Dermietzel R, Traub O, Hwang TK, Beyer E, Bennett MV, Spray DC, Willecke K (1989) Differential expression of three gap junction proteins in developing and mature brain tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86:10148-10152 (Pubitemid 20030796)
59. Dermietzel R, Hertberg EL, Kessler JA, Spray DC (1991) Gap junctions between cultured astrocytes: immunocytochemical, molecular, and electrophysiological analysis. J Neurosci 11:1421-1432
60. Dermietzel R, Farooq M, Kessler JA, Althaus H, Hertzberg EL, Spray DC (1997) Oligodendrocytes express gap junction proteins connexin32 and connexin45. Glia 20:101-114 (Pubitemid 27253203)
61. Devor A, Yarom Y (2002a) Coherence of subthreshold activity in coupled inferior olivary neurons. Ann N Y Acad Sci 978:508 (Pubitemid 36127137)
62. Devor A, Yarom Y (2002b) Electrotonic coupling in the inferior olivary nucleus revealed by simultaneous double patch recordings. J Neurophysiol 87:3048-3058 (Pubitemid 34670684)
63. Devor A, Yarom Y (2002c) Generation and propagation of subthreshold waves in a network of inferior olivary neurons. J Neurophysiol 87:3059-3069 (Pubitemid 34670685)
64. Dezawa M, Nagano T (1996) Immunohistochemical localization of cell adhesion molecules and cell-cell contact proteins during regeneration of the rat optic nerve induced by sciatic nerve autotransplantation. Anat Rec 246:114-126 (Pubitemid 26305138)
65. Dilber MS, Abedi MR, Christensson B, Bjorkstrand B, Kidder GM, Naus CC, Gahrton G, Smith CI (1997) Gap junctions promote the bystander effect of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase in vivo. Cancer Res 57:1523-1528 (Pubitemid 27175570)
66. Dobrenis K, Chang HY, Pina-Benabou MH, Woodroffe A, Lee SC, Rozental R, Spray DC, Scemes E (2005) Human and mouse microglia express connexin36, and functional gap junctions are formed between rodent microglia and neurons. J Neurosci Res 82:306-315 (Pubitemid 41552482)
67. Duffy HS, John GR, Lee SC, Brosnan CF, Spray DC (2000) Reciprocal regulation of the junctional proteins claudin-1 and connexin43 by interleukin-1beta in primary human fetal astrocytes. J Neurosci 20:RC114
68. Duffy HS, Sorgen PL, Girvin ME, O'Donnell P, Coombs W, Taffet SM, Delmar M, Spray DC (2002) pH-dependent intramolecular binding and structure involving Cx43 cytoplasmic domains. J Biol Chem 277:36706-36714
69. Duffy HS, Ashton AW, O'Donnell P, Coombs W, Taffet SM, Delmar M, Spray DC (2004) Regulation of connexin43 protein complexes by intracellular acidification. Circ Res 94:215-222 (Pubitemid 38197454)
70. Dunina-Barkovskaya A (1998) pH dependence of junctional conductance. Membr Cell Biol 11:793-801 (Pubitemid 28383079)
71. Duval N, Gomes D, Calaora V, Calabrese A, Meda P, Bruzzone R (2002) Cell coupling and Cx43 expression in embryonic mouse neural progenitor cells. J Cell Sci 115:3241-3251 (Pubitemid 34960177)
72. Elble RJ (1996) Central mechanisms of tremor. J Clin Neurophysiol 13:133-144 (Pubitemid 26069277)
73. Elias LA, Kriegstein AR (2008) Gap junctions: multifaceted regulators of embryonic cortical development. Trends Neurosci 31:243-250
74. Elias LA, Wang DD, Kriegstein AR (2007) Gap junction adhesion is necessary for radial migration in the neocortex. Nature 448:901-907 (Pubitemid 47312775)
75. Elisevich K, Rempel SA, Smith BJ, Edvardsen K (1997) Hippocampal connexin 43 expression in human complex partial seizure disorder. Exp Neurol 145:154-164 (Pubitemid 27244289)
76. Enkvist MO, McCarthy KD (1994) Astroglial gap junction communication is increased by treatment with either glutamate or high K+ concentration. J Neurochem 62:489-495 (Pubitemid 24041314)
77. Eugenín EA, Berman JW (2007) Gap junctions mediate human immunodeficiency virus-bystander killing in astrocytes. J Neurosci 27:12844-12850 (Pubitemid 350159592)
78. Eugenín EA, Eckardt D, Theis M, Willecke K, Bennett MV, Saez JC (2001) Microglia at brain stab wounds express connexin 43 and in vitro form functional gap junctions after treatment with interferongamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:4190-4195 (Pubitemid 32249920)
79. Eugenín EA, Branes MC, Berman JW, Saez JC (2003) TNF-alpha plus IFN-gamma induce connexin43 expression and formation of gap junctions between human monocytes/macrophages that enhance physiological responses. J Immunol 170:1320-1328 (Pubitemid 36139499)
80. Eugenín EA, Osiecki K, Lopez L, Goldstein H, Calderon TM, Berman JW (2006) CCL2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mediates enhanced transmigration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected leukocytes across the blood-brain barrier: a potential mechanism of HIV-CNS invasion and NeuroAIDS. J Neurosci 26:1098-1106 (Pubitemid 43237041)
81. Eugenín EA, Gonzalez HE, Sanchez HA, Branes MC, Saez JC (2007) Inflammatory conditions induce gap junctional communication between rat Kupffer cells both in vivo and in vitro. Cell Immunol 247:103-110 (Pubitemid 350019449)
82. Eugenín EA, Clements JE, Zink MC, Berman JW (2011) Human immunodeficiency virus infection of human astrocytes disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity by a gap junction-dependent mechanism. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci 31:9456-9465
83. Faccini AM, Cairney M, Ashrafi GH, Finbow ME, Campo MS, Pitts JD (1996) The bovine papillomavirus type 4 E8 protein binds to ductin and causes loss of gap junctional intercellular communication in primary fibroblasts. J Virol 70:9041-9045 (Pubitemid 26378495)
84. Fatemi SH, Folsom TD, Reutiman TJ, Sidwell RW (2008) Viral regulation of aquaporin 4, connexin 43, microcephalin and nucleolin. Schizophr Res 98:163-177 (Pubitemid 350245593)
85. Faustmann PM, Haase CG, Romberg S, Hinkerohe D, Szlachta D, Smikalla D, Krause D, Dermietzel R (2003) Microglia activation influences dye coupling and Cx43 expression of the astrocytic network. Glia 42:101-108 (Pubitemid 36565114)
86. Filson AJ, Azarnia R, Beyer EC, Loewenstein WR, Brugge JS (1990) Tyrosine phosphorylation of a gap junction protein correlates with inhibition of cell-to-cell communication. Cell Growth Differ 1:661-668
87. Firouzi M, Bierhuizen MF, Kok B, Teunissen BE, Jansen AT, Jongsma HJ, Groenewegen WA (2006a) The human Cx40 promoter polymorphism -44 G->A differentially affects transcriptional regulation by Sp1 and GATA4. Biochim Biophys Acta 1759:491-496
88. Firouzi M, Kok B, Spiering W, Busjahn A, Bezzina CR, Ruijter JM, Koeleman BP, Schipper M, Groenewegen WA, Jongsma HJ, de Leeuw PW (2006b) Polymorphisms in human connexin40 gene promoter are associated with increased risk of hypertension in men. J Hypertens 24:325-330 (Pubitemid 43348245)
89. Fischer NO, Mbuy GN, Woodruff RI (2001) HSV-2 disrupts gap junctional intercellular communication between mammalian cells in vitro. J Virol Methods 91:157-166 (Pubitemid 32119333)
90. Fonseca CG, Green CR, Nicholson LF (2002) Upregulation in astrocytic connexin 43 gap junction levels may exacerbate generalized seizures in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain Res 929:105-116 (Pubitemid 34164415)
91. Frank M, Eiberger B, Janssen-Bienhold U, de Sevilla Muller LP, Tjarks A, Kim JS, Maschke S, Dobrowolski R, Sasse P, Weiler R, Fleischmann BK, Willecke K (2010) Neuronal connexin-36 can functionally replace connexin-45 in mouse retina but not in the developing heart. J Cell Sci 123:3605-3615
92. Friedman D, Strowbridge BW (2003) Both electrical and chemical synapses mediate fast network oscillations in the olfactory bulb. J Neurophysiol 89:2601-2610 (Pubitemid 36570224)
93. Froger N, Orellana JA, Cohen-Salmon M, Ezan P, Amigou E, Saez JC, Giaume C (2009) Cannabinoids prevent the opposite regulation of astroglial connexin43 hemichannels and gap junction channels induced by pro-inflammatory treatments. J Neurochem 111:1383-1397
94. Froger N, Orellana JA, Calvo CF, Amigou E, Kozoriz MG, Naus CC, Saez JC, Giaume C (2010) Inhibition of cytokine-induced connexin43 hemichannel activity in astrocytes is neuroprotective. Mol Cell Neurosci 45:37-46
95. Gajda Z, Szupera Z, Blazso G, Szente M (2005) Quinine, a blocker of neuronal cx36 channels, suppresses seizure activity in rat neocortex in vivo. Epilepsia 46:1581-1591 (Pubitemid 44921931)
96. Galanopoulou AS (2010) Mutations affecting GABAergic signaling in seizures and epilepsy. Pflugers Arch 460:505-523
97. Galarreta M, Hestrin S (1999) A network of fast-spiking cells in the neocortex connected by electrical synapses. Nature 402:72-75
98. Gareri P, Condorelli D, Belluardo N, Russo E, Loiacono A, Barresi V, Trovato-Salinaro A, Mirone MB, Ferreri Ibbadu G, De Sarro G (2004) Anticonvulsant effects of carbenoxolone in genetically epilepsy prone rats (GEPRs). Neuropharmacology 47:1205-1216 (Pubitemid 39572712)
99. Gareri P, Condorelli D, Belluardo N, Citraro R, Barresi V, Trovato-Salinaro A, Mudo G, Ibbadu GF, Russo E, De Sarro G (2005) Antiabsence effects of carbenoxolone in two genetic animal models of absence epilepsy (WAG/Rij rats and lh/lh mice). Neuropharmacology 49:551-563 (Pubitemid 41169978)
100. Garg S, Md Syed M, Kielian T (2005) Staphylococcus aureus-derived peptidoglycan induces Cx43 expression and functional gap junction intercellular communication in microglia. J Neurochem 95:475-483 (Pubitemid 41457516)
101. Garre JM, Retamal MA, Cassina P, Barbeito L, Bukauskas FF, Saez JC, Bennett MV, Abudara V (2010) FGF-1 induces ATP release from spinal astrocytes in culture and opens pannexin and connexin hemichannels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:22659-22664
102. Giaume C, Fromaget C, el Aoumari A, Cordier J, Glowinski J, Gros D (1991) Gap junctions in cultured astrocytes: single-channel currents and characterization of channel-forming protein. Neuron 6:133-143
103. Giaume C, Cordier J, Glowinski J (1992) Endothelins inhibit junctional permeability in cultured mouse astrocytes. Eur J Neurosci 4:877-881
104. Gibson JR, Beierlein M, Connors BW (1999) Two networks of electrically coupled inhibitory neurons in neocortex. Nature 402:75-79
105. Gloor SM, Wachtel M, Bolliger MF, Ishihara H, Landmann R, Frei K (2001) Molecular and cellular permeability control at the blood-brain barrier. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 36:258-264 (Pubitemid 33020756)
106. Gonzalez-Nieto D, Gomez-Hernandez JM, Larrosa B, Gutierrez C, Munoz MD, Fasciani I, O'Brien J, Zappala A, Cicirata F, Barrio LC (2008) Regulation of neuronal connexin-36 channels by pH. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:17169-17174
107. González-Scarano F, Martín-García J (2005) The neuropathogenesis of AIDS. Nat Rev Immunol 5:69-81 (Pubitemid 40070332)
108. Gorry PR, Ong C, Thorpe J, Bannwarth S, Thompson KA, Gatignol A, Vesselingh SL, Purcell DF (2003) Astrocyte infection by HIV-1: mechanisms of restricted virus replication, and role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1-associated dementia. Curr HIV Res 1:463-473
109. Gosejacob D, Dublin P, Bedner P, Huttmann K, Zhang J, Tress O, Willecke K, Pfrieger F, Steinhauser C, Theis M (2011) Role of astroglial connexin30 in hippocampal gap junction coupling. Glia 59:511-519
110. Granda B, Tabernero A, Sanchez-Abarca LI, Medina JM (1998) The K-ATP channel regulates the effect of Ca2+ on gap junction permeability in cultured astrocytes. FEBS Lett 427:41-45 (Pubitemid 28210093)
111. Grignet-Debrus C, Cool V, Baudson N, Velu T, Calberg-Bacq CM (2000) The role of cellular-and prodrug-associated factors in the bystander effect induced by the Varicella zoster and Herpes simplex viral thymidine kinases in suicide gene therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 7:1456-1468
112. Guthrie PB, Knappenberger J, Segal M, Bennett MV, Charles AC, Kater SB (1999) ATP released from astrocytes mediates glial calcium waves. J Neurosci 19:520-528 (Pubitemid 29036003)
113. Haefliger JA, Nicod P, Meda P (2004) Contribution of connexins to the function of the vascular wall. Cardiovasc Res 62:345-356 (Pubitemid 38496547)
114. Handel A, Yates A, Pilyugin SS, Antia R (2007) Gap junctionmediated antigen transport in immune responses. Trends Immunol 28:463-466 (Pubitemid 350087808)
115. Harris AL (2001) Emerging issues of connexin channels: biophysics fills the gap. Q Rev Biophys 34:325-472 (Pubitemid 34123306)
116. Harris AL (2007) Connexin channel permeability to cytoplasmic molecules. Prog Biophys Mol Biol
117. Hartfield EM, Rinaldi F, Glover CP, Wong LF, Caldwell MA, Uney JB (2011) Connexin 36 expression regulates neuronal differentiation from neural progenitor cells. PLoS One 6:e14746
118. Hauer RN, Groenewegen WA, Firouzi M, Ramanna H, Jongsma HJ (2006) Cx40 polymorphism in human atrial fibrillation. Adv Cardiol 42:284-291 (Pubitemid 43805871)
119. Haughey NJ, Mattson MP (2003) Alzheimer's amyloid beta-peptide enhances ATP/gap junction-mediated calcium-wave propagation in astrocytes. Neuromol Med 3:173-180 (Pubitemid 37070577)
120. Hormuzdi SG, Pais I, LeBeau FE, Towers SK, Rozov A, Buhl EH, Whittington MA, Monyer H (2001) Impaired electrical signaling disrupts gamma frequency oscillations in connexin 36-deficient mice. Neuron 31:487-495 (Pubitemid 32778566)
121. Hsiao HJ, Liu PA, Yeh HI, Wang CY (2010) Classical swine fever virus down-regulates endothelial connexin 43 gap junctions. Arch Virol 155:1107-1116
122. Huang RP, Fan Y, Hossain MZ, Peng A, Zeng ZL, Boynton AL (1998) Reversion of the neoplastic phenotype of human glioblastoma cells by connexin 43 (cx43). Cancer Res 58:5089-5096 (Pubitemid 28521167)
123. Huang RP, Hossain MZ, Sehgal A, Boynton AL (1999) Reduced connexin43 expression in high-grade human brain glioma cells. J Surg Oncol 70:21-24 (Pubitemid 29061990)
124. Huang Q, Liu XZ, Kang CS, Wang GX, Zhong Y, Pu PY (2010) The anti-glioma effect of suicide gene therapy using BMSC expressing HSV/TK combined with overexpression of Cx43 in glioma cells. Cancer Gene Ther 17:192-202
125. Iglesias R, Locovei S, Roque A, Alberto AP, Dahl G, Spray DC, Scemes E (2008) P2X7 receptor-Pannexin1 complex: pharmacology and signaling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 295: C752-C760
126. Iglesias R, Dahl G, Qiu F, Spray DC, Scemes E (2009) Pannexin 1: the molecular substrate of astrocyte "hemichannels". J Neurosci 29:7092-7097
127. Ionasescu VV (1998) X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and connexin32. Cell Biol Int 22:807-813 (Pubitemid 29509307)
128. Ionasescu V, Ionasescu R, Searby C (1996) Correlation between connexin 32 gene mutations and clinical phenotype in X-linked dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. Am J Med Genet 63:486-491
129. Ishikawa M, Iwamoto T, Nakamura T, Doyle A, Fukumoto S, Yamada Y (2011) Pannexin 3 functions as an ER Ca(2+) channel, hemichannel, and gap junction to promote osteoblast differentiation. J Cell Biol 193:1257-1274
130. Iwabuchi S, Kawahara K (2011) Functional significance of the negative-feedback regulation of ATP release via pannexin-1 hemichannels under ischemic stress in astrocytes. Neurochem Int 58:376-384
131. Jacobson GM, Voss LJ, Melin SM, Mason JP, Cursons RT, Steyn-Ross DA, Steyn-Ross ML, Sleigh JW (2010) Connexin36 knockout mice display increased sensitivity to pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure-like behaviors. Brain Res 1360:198-204
132. Jahromi SS, Wentlandt K, Piran S, Carlen PL (2002) Anticonvulsant actions of gap junctional blockers in an in vitro seizure model. J Neurophysiol 88:1893-1902 (Pubitemid 35191190)
133. John GR, Scemes E, Suadicani SO, Liu JS, Charles PC, Lee SC, Spray DC, Brosnan CF (1999) IL-1beta differentially regulates calcium wave propagation between primary human fetal astrocytes via pathways involving P2 receptors and gap junction channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:11613-11618 (Pubitemid 29487429)
134. Kamasawa N, Sik A, Morita M, Yasumura T, Davidson KG, Nagy JI, Rash JE (2005) Connexin-47 and connexin-32 in gap junctions of oligodendrocyte somata, myelin sheaths, paranodal loops and Schmidt-Lanterman incisures: implications for ionic homeostasis and potassium siphoning. Neuroscience 136:65-86 (Pubitemid 41483836)
135. Kang JQ, Macdonald RL (2009) Making sense of nonsense GABA(A) receptor mutations associated with genetic epilepsies. Trends Mol Med 15:430-438
136. Kanneganti TD, Lamkanfi M, Kim YG, Chen G, Park JH, Franchi L, Vandenabeele P, Nunez G (2007) Pannexin-1-mediated recognition of bacterial molecules activates the cryopyrin inflammasome independent of Toll-like receptor signaling. Immunity 26:433-443 (Pubitemid 46603000)
137. Kaul M, Garden GA, Lipton SA (2001) Pathways to neuronal injury and apoptosis in HIV-associated dementia. Nature 410:988-994 (Pubitemid 32335850)
138. Kawasaki A, Hayashi T, Nakachi K, Trosko JE, Sugihara K, Kotake Y, Ohta S (2009) Modulation of connexin 43 in rotenone-induced model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 160:61-68
139. Kettenmann H, Orkand RK, Schachner M (1983) Coupling among identified cells in mammalian nervous system cultures. J Neurosci 3:506-516 (Pubitemid 13132716)
140. Kielian T (2008) Glial connexins and gap junctions in CNS inflammation and disease. J Neurochem 106:1000-1016
141. Kielian T, Esen N (2004) Effects of neuroinflammation on glia-glia gap junctional intercellular communication: a perspective. Neurochem Int 45:429-436 (Pubitemid 38625632)
142. Kleopa KA, Scherer SS (2002) Inherited neuropathies. Neurol Clin 20:679-709 (Pubitemid 35154464)
143. Kleopa KA, Yum SW, Scherer SS (2002) Cellular mechanisms of connexin32 mutations associated with CNS manifestations. J Neurosci Res 68:522-534 (Pubitemid 34575618)
144. Kleopa KA, Orthmann JL, Enriquez A, Paul DL, Scherer SS (2004) Unique distributions of the gap junction proteins connexin29, connexin32, and connexin47 in oligodendrocytes. Glia 47:346-357 (Pubitemid 39295418)
145. Knabb MT, Danielsen CA, McShane-Kay K, Mbuy GK, Woodruff RI (2007) Herpes simplex virus-type 2 infectivity and agents that block gap junctional intercellular communication. Virus Res 124:212-219 (Pubitemid 46216574)
146. Koster-Patzlaff C, Hosseini SM, Reuss B (2007) Persistent Borna disease virus infection changes expression and function of astroglial gap junctions in vivo and in vitro. Brain Res 1184:316-332 (Pubitemid 350160581)
147. Koster-Patzlaff C, Hosseini SM, Reuss B (2008) Layer specific changes of astroglial gap junctions in the rat cerebellar cortex by persistent Borna disease virus infection. Brain Res 1219:143-158
148. Koster-Patzlaff C, Hosseini SM, Reuss B (2009) Loss of connexin36 in rat hippocampus and cerebellar cortex in persistent Borna disease virus infection. J Chem Neuroanat 37:118-127
149. Kraft-Terry SD, Buch SJ, Fox HS, Gendelman HE (2009) A coat of many colors: neuroimmune crosstalk in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Neuron 64:133-145
150. Kreuzberg MM, Deuchars J, Weiss E, Schober A, Sonntag S, Wellershaus K, Draguhn A, Willecke K (2008) Expression of connexin30.2 in interneurons of the central nervous system in the mouse. Mol Cell Neurosci 37:119-134 (Pubitemid 350300000)
151. Kruger O, Plum A, Kim JS, Winterhager E, Maxeiner S, Hallas G, Kirchhoff S, Traub O, Lamers WH, Willecke K (2000) Defective vascular development in connexin 45-deficient mice. Development 127:4179-4193
152. Kubota T, Sato K, Arishima H, Takeuchi H, Kitai R, Nakagawa T (2006) Astroblastoma: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of distinctive epithelial and probable tanycytic differentiation. Neuropathology 26:72-81
153. Kunzelmann P, Blumcke I, Traub O, Dermietzel R, Willecke K (1997) Coexpression of connexin45 and 32 in oligodendrocytes of rat brain. J Neurocytol 26:17-22 (Pubitemid 27186758)
154. Lai CP, Bechberger JF, Thompson RJ, MacVicar BA, Bruzzone R, Naus CC (2007) Tumor-suppressive effects of pannexin 1 in C6 glioma cells. Cancer Res 67:1545-1554 (Pubitemid 46383378)
155. Lee SH, Magge S, Spencer DD, Sontheimer H, Cornell-Bell AH (1995) Human epileptic astrocytes exhibit increased gap junction coupling. Glia 15:195-202
156. Lee IH, Lindqvist E, Kiehn O, Widenfalk J, Olson L (2005) Glial and neuronal connexin expression patterns in the rat spinal cord during development and following injury. J Comp Neurol 489:1-10 (Pubitemid 40934669)
157. Lemaire I, Falzoni S, Zhang B, Pellegatti P, Di Virgilio F (2011) The P2X7 receptor and Pannexin-1 are both required for the promotion of multinucleated macrophages by the inflammatory cytokine GM-CSF. J Immunol 187:3878-3887
158. Levite M, Hermelin A (1999) Autoimmunity to the glutamate receptor in mice-a model for Rasmussen's encephalitis? J Autoimmun 13:73-82 (Pubitemid 29367009)
159. Levite M, Fleidervish IA, Schwarz A, Pelled D, Futerman AH (1999) Autoantibodies to the glutamate receptor kill neurons via activation of the receptor ion channel. J Autoimmun 13:61-72 (Pubitemid 29367008)
160. Li X, Simard JM (2001) Connexin45 gap junction channels in rat cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 281:H1890-H1898
161. Li J, Shen H, Naus CC, Zhang L, Carlen PL (2001) Upregulation of gap junction connexin 32 with epileptiform activity in the isolated mouse hippocampus. Neuroscience 105:589-598 (Pubitemid 32769825)
162. Li X, Kamasawa N, Ciolofan C, Olson CO, Lu S, Davidson KG, Yasumura T, Shigemoto R, Rash JE, Nagy JI (2008) Connexin45-containing neuronal gap junctions in rodent retina also contain connexin36 in both apposing hemiplaques, forming bihomotypic gap junctions, with scaffolding contributed by zonula occludens-1. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci 28:9769-9789
163. Liao Y, Day KH, Damon DN, Duling BR (2001) Endothelial cellspecific knockout of connexin 43 causes hypotension and bradycardia in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:9989-9994 (Pubitemid 32769415)
164. Lim KL, Dawson VL, Dawson TM (2002) The genetics of Parkinson's disease. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2:439-446
165. Lin JH, Weigel H, Cotrina ML, Liu S, Bueno E, Hansen AJ, Hansen TW, Goldman S, Nedergaard M (1998) Gap-junction-mediated propagation and amplification of cell injury. Nat Neurosci 1:494-500
166. Lin JH, Takano T, Cotrina ML, Arcuino G, Kang J, Liu S, Gao Q, Jiang L, Li F, Lichtenberg-Frate H, Haubrich S, Willecke K, Goldman SA, Nedergaard M (2002) Connexin 43 enhances the adhesivity and mediates the invasion of malignant glioma cells. J Neurosci 22:4302-4311 (Pubitemid 37465645)
167. Locovei S, Wang J, Dahl G (2006) Activation of pannexin 1 channels by ATP through P2Y receptors and by cytoplasmic calcium. FEBS Lett 580:239-244 (Pubitemid 43005343)
168. Locovei S, Scemes E, Qiu F, Spray DC, Dahl G (2007) Pannexin1 is part of the pore forming unit of the P2X(7) receptor death complex. FEBS Lett 581:483-488 (Pubitemid 46149626)
169. Long MA, Deans MR, Paul DL, Connors BW (2002a) Rhythmicity without synchrony in the electrically uncoupled inferior olive. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci 22:10898-10905 (Pubitemid 36005165)
170. Long MA, Deans MR, Paul DL, Connors BW (2002b) Rhythmicity without synchrony in the electrically uncoupled inferior olive. J Neurosci 22:10898-10905 (Pubitemid 36005165)
171. Long MA, Jutras MJ, Connors BW, Burwell RD (2005) Electrical synapses coordinate activity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Nat Neurosci 8:61-66 (Pubitemid 41236732)
172. Lotharius J, Brundin P (2002) Pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease: dopamine, vesicles and alpha-synuclein. Nat Rev Neurosci 3:932-942
173. Lynn BD, Marotta CA, Nagy JI (1995) Propagation of intercellular calcium waves in PC12 cells overexpressing a carboxy-terminal fragment of amyloid precursor protein. Neurosci Lett 199:21-24
174. Maglione M, Tress O, Haas B, Karram K, Trotter J, Willecke K, Kettenmann H (2010) Oligodendrocytes in mouse corpus callosum are coupled via gap junction channels formed by connexin47 and connexin32. Glia 58:1104-1117
175. Magnotti LM, Goodenough DA, Paul DL (2011) Functional heterotypic interactions between astrocyte and oligodendrocyte connexins. Glia 59:26-34
176. Maier N, Guldenagel M, Sohl G, Siegmund H, Willecke K, Draguhn A (2002) Reduction of high-frequency network oscillations (ripples) and pathological network discharges in hippocampal slices from connexin 36-deficient mice. J Physiol 541:521-528 (Pubitemid 35190217)
177. Malarkey EB, Parpura V (2008) Mechanisms of glutamate release from astrocytes. Neurochem Int 52:142-154 (Pubitemid 350235693)
178. Mann-Metzer P, Yarom Y (1999) Electrotonic coupling interacts with intrinsic properties to generate synchronized activity in cerebellar networks of inhibitory interneurons. J Neurosci 19:3298-3306 (Pubitemid 29203109)
179. Marconi P, Tamura M, Moriuchi S, Krisky DM, Niranjan A, Goins WF, Cohen JB, Glorioso JC (2000) Connexin 43-enhanced suicide gene therapy using herpesviral vectors. Mol Ther 1:71-81
180. Marrero H, Orkand RK (1996) Nerve impulses increase glial intercellular permeability. Glia 16:285-289 (Pubitemid 26309471)
181. Martinez AD, Saez JC (1999) Arachidonic acid-induced dye uncoupling in rat cortical astrocytes is mediated by arachidonic acid byproducts. Brain Res 816:411-423 (Pubitemid 29225389)
182. Martínez AD, Eugenin EA, Branes MC, Bennett MV, Saez JC (2002) Identification of second messengers that induce expression of functional gap junctions in microglia cultured from newborn rats. Brain Res 943:191-201 (Pubitemid 36120379)
183. Martini R (2000) Animal models for inherited peripheral neuropathies: chances to find treatment strategies? J Neurosci Res 61:244-250 (Pubitemid 30620055)
184. Matsue H, Yao J, Matsue K, Nagasaka A, Sugiyama H, Aoki R, Kitamura M, Shimada S (2006) Gap junction-mediated intercellular communication between dendritic cells (DCs) is required for effective activation of DCs. J Immunol 176:181-190 (Pubitemid 43023262)
185. Maxeiner S, Kruger O, Schilling K, Traub O, Urschel S, Willecke K (2003) Spatiotemporal transcription of connexin45 during brain development results in neuronal expression in adult mice. Neuroscience 119:689-700 (Pubitemid 36694797)
186. Mei X, Ezan P, Giaume C, Koulakoff A (2010) Astroglial connexin immunoreactivity is specifically altered at beta-amyloid plaques in beta-amyloid precursor protein/presenilin1 mice. Neuroscience 171:92-105
187. Meier C, Dermietzel R, Davidson KG, Yasumura T, Rash JE (2004) Connexin32-containing gap junctions in Schwann cells at the internodal zone of partial myelin compaction and in Schmidt-Lanterman incisures. J Neurosci 24:3186-3198 (Pubitemid 38451885)
188. Meldrum BS (1994) The role of glutamate in epilepsy and other CNS disorders. Neurology 44:S14-S23
189. Meldrum BS, Rogawski MA (2007) Molecular targets for antiepileptic drug development. Neurotherapeutics 4:18-61 (Pubitemid 46107329)
190. Meme W, Ezan P, Venance L, Glowinski J, Giaume C (2004) ATPinduced inhibition of gap junctional communication is enhanced by interleukin-1 beta treatment in cultured astrocytes. Neuroscience 126:95-104 (Pubitemid 38609109)
191. Meme W, Calvo CF, Froger N, Ezan P, Amigou E, Koulakoff A, Giaume C (2006) Proinflammatory cytokines released from microglia inhibit gap junctions in astrocytes: potentiation by beta-amyloid. FASEB J 20:494-496 (Pubitemid 46671227)
192. Mendoza-Naranjo A, Saez PJ, Johansson CC, Ramirez M, Mandakovic D, Pereda C, Lopez MN, Kiessling R, Saez JC, Salazar-Onfray F (2007) Functional gap junctions facilitate melanoma antigen transfer and cross-presentation between human dendritic cells. J Immunol 178:6949-6957 (Pubitemid 46847421)
193. Mendoza-Naranjo A, Bouma G, Pereda C, Ramirez M, Webb KF, Tittarelli A, Lopez MN, Kalergis AM, Thrasher AJ, Becker DL, Salazar-Onfray F (2011) Functional gap junctions accumulate at the immunological synapse and contribute to T cell activation. J Immunol
194. Menichella DM, Goodenough DA, Sirkowski E, Scherer SS, Paul DL (2003) Connexins are critical for normal myelination in the CNS. J Neurosci 23:5963-5973 (Pubitemid 36807876)
195. Mesnil M, Piccoli C, Tiraby G, Willecke K, Yamasaki H (1996) Bystander killing of cancer cells by herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene is mediated by connexins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:1831-1835 (Pubitemid 26079840)
196. Migliore M, Hines ML, Shepherd GM (2005) The role of distal dendritic gap junctions in synchronization of mitral cell axonal output. J Comput Neurosci 18:151-161 (Pubitemid 40277260)
197. Moldrich RX, Chapman AG, De Sarro G, Meldrum BS (2003) Glutamate metabotropic receptors as targets for drug therapy in epilepsy. Eur J Pharmacol 476:3-16 (Pubitemid 37321352)
198. Moorby C, Patel M (2001) Dual functions for connexins: Cx43 regulates growth independently of gap junction formation. Exp Cell Res 271:238-248 (Pubitemid 33141205)
199. Moortgat KT, Bullock TH, Sejnowski TJ (2000) Gap junction effects on precision and frequency of a model pacemaker network. J Neurophysiol 83:984-997 (Pubitemid 30091306)
200. Morley GE, Taffet SM, Delmar M (1996) Intramolecular interactions mediate pH regulation of connexin43 channels. Biophys J 70:1294-1302 (Pubitemid 26073042)
201. Morley GE, Ek-Vitorin JF, Taffet SM, Delmar M (1997) Structure of connexin43 and its regulation by pHi. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 8:939-951 (Pubitemid 27329101)
202. Muller T, Moller T, Neuhaus J, Kettenmann H (1996) Electrical coupling among Bergmann glial cells and its modulation by glutamate receptor activation. Glia 17:274-284 (Pubitemid 26309420)
203. Muller LP, Dedek K, Janssen-Bienhold U, Meyer A, Kreuzberg MM, Lorenz S, Willecke K, Weiler R (2010) Expression and modulation of connexin 30.2, a novel gap junction protein in the mouse retina. Vis Neurosci 27:91-101
204. Musee J, Mbuy GN, Woodruff RI (2002) Antiviral agents alter ability of HSV-2 to disrupt gap junctional intercellular communication between mammalian cells in vitro. Antiviral Res 56:143-151 (Pubitemid 35279663)
205. Nagy JI, Rash JE (2000) Connexins and gap junctions of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the CNS. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 32:29-44 (Pubitemid 30177308)
206. Nagy JI, Li W, Hertzberg EL, Marotta CA (1996) Elevated connexin43 immunoreactivity at sites of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 717:173-178 (Pubitemid 26153449)
207. Nagy JI, Ionescu AV, Lynn BD, Rash JE (2003a) Connexin29 and connexin32 at oligodendrocyte and astrocyte gap junctions and in myelin of the mouse central nervous system. J Comp Neurol 464:356-370 (Pubitemid 36988787)
208. Nagy JI, Ionescu AV, Lynn BD, Rash JE (2003b) Coupling of astrocyte connexins Cx26, Cx30, Cx43 to oligodendrocyte Cx29, Cx32, Cx47: Implications from normal and connexin32 knockout mice. Glia 44:205-218 (Pubitemid 37484472)
209. Nakase T, Naus CC (2004) Gap junctions and neurological disorders of the central nervous system. Biochim Biophys Acta 1662:149-158 (Pubitemid 38372103)
210. Nakase T, Fushiki S, Naus CC (2003) Astrocytic gap junctions composed of connexin 43 reduce apoptotic neuronal damage in cerebral ischemia. Stroke 34:1987-1993 (Pubitemid 36944795)
211. Nakase T, Sohl G, Theis M, Willecke K, Naus CC (2004) Increased apoptosis and inflammation after focal brain ischemia in mice lacking connexin43 in astrocytes. Am J Pathol 164:2067-2075 (Pubitemid 38669354)
212. Nakase T, Yoshida Y, Nagata K (2006) Enhanced connexin 43 immunoreactivity in penumbral areas in the human brain following ischemia. Glia 54:369-375 (Pubitemid 44422939)
213. Namba H, Iwadate Y, Kawamura K, Sakiyama S, Tagawa M (2001) Efficacy of the bystander effect in the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase-mediated gene therapy is influenced by the expression of connexin43 in the target cells. Cancer Gene Ther 8:414-420 (Pubitemid 32757958)
214. Naus CC, Bechberger JF, Paul DL (1991) Gap junction gene expression in human seizure disorder. Exp Neurol 111:198-203
215. Neijssen J, Herberts C, Drijfhout JW, Reits E, Janssen L, Neefjes J (2005) Cross-presentation by intercellular peptide transfer through gap junctions. Nature 434:83-88 (Pubitemid 40349389)
216. Nelles E, Butzler C, Jung D, Temme A, Gabriel HD, Dahl U, Traub O, Stumpel F, Jungermann K, Zielasek J, Toyka KV, Dermietzel R, Willecke K (1996) Defective propagation of signals generated by sympathetic nerve stimulation in the liver of connexin32-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:9565-9570 (Pubitemid 26296648)
217. Nilsen KE, Kelso AR, Cock HR (2006) Antiepileptic effect of gapjunction blockers in a rat model of refractory focal cortical epilepsy. Epilepsia 47:1169-1175 (Pubitemid 44086752)
218. Odermatt B, Wellershaus K, Wallraff A, Seifert G, Degen J, Euwens C, Fuss B, Bussow H, Schilling K, Steinhauser C,Willecke K (2003) Connexin 47 (Cx47)-deficient mice with enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter gene reveal predominant oligodendrocytic expression of Cx47 and display vacuolized myelin in the CNS. J Neurosci 23:4549-4559 (Pubitemid 36706185)
219. Ohagen A, Ghosh S, He J, Huang K, Chen Y, Yuan M, Osathanondh R, Gartner S, Shi B, Shaw G, Gabuzda D (1999) Apoptosis induced by infection of primary brain cultures with diverse human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates: evidence for a role of the envelope. J Virol 73:897-906 (Pubitemid 29036740)
220. Oliveira R, Christov C, Guillamo JS, de Bouard S, Palfi S, Venance L, Tardy M, Peschanski M (2005) Contribution of gap junctional communication between tumor cells and astroglia to the invasion of the brain parenchyma by human glioblastomas. BMC Cell Biol 6:7
221. Omori Y, Zaidan Dagli ML, Yamakage K, Yamasaki H (2001) Involvement of gap junctions in tumor suppression: analysis of genetically-manipulated mice. Mutat Res 477:191-196 (Pubitemid 32480202)
222. Orellana JA, Hernandez DE, Ezan P, Velarde V, Bennett MV, Giaume C, Saez JC (2010) Hypoxia in high glucose followed by reoxygenation in normal glucose reduces the viability of cortical astrocytes through increased permeability of connexin 43 hemichannels. Glia 58:329-343
223. Orellana JA, Froger N, Ezan P, Jiang JX, Bennett MV, Naus CC, Giaume C, Saez JC (2011a) ATP and glutamate released via astroglial connexin 43 hemichannels mediate neuronal death through activation of pannexin 1 hemichannels. J Neurochem Orellana JA, Shoji KF, Abudara V, Ezan P, Amigou E, Sáez PJ, Jiang JX, Naus CC, Sáez JC, Giaume C (2011b) Amyloid β-induced death in neurons involves glial and neuronal hemichannels. J Neurosci 31:4962-4977
224. Orkand RK, Nicholls JG, Kuffler SW (1966) Effect of nerve impulses on the membrane potential of glial cells in the central nervous system of amphibia. J Neurophysiol 29:788-806
225. Orthmann-Murphy JL, Abrams CK, Scherer SS (2008) Gap junctions couple astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. J Mol Neurosci 35:101-116
226. Paemeleire K, Leybaert L (2000) Ionic changes accompanying astrocytic intercellular calcium waves triggered by mechanical cell damaging stimulation. Brain Res 857:235-245 (Pubitemid 30107810)
227. Palmer CA, Geyer JD, Keating JM, Gilliam F, Kuzniecky RI, Morawetz RB, Bebin EM (1999) Rasmussen's encephalitis with concomitant cortical dysplasia: the role of GluR3. Epilepsia 40:242-247 (Pubitemid 29066312)
228. Palop JJ, Mucke L (2010) Amyloid-beta-induced neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: from synapses toward neural networks. Nat Neurosci 13:812-818
229. Pang B, Neijssen J, Qiao X, Janssen L, Janssen H, Lippuner C, Neefjes J (2009) Direct antigen presentation and gap junction mediated cross-presentation during apoptosis. J Immunol 183:1083-1090
230. Parenti R, Campisi A, Vanella A, Cicirata F (2002) Immunocytochemical and RT-PCR analysis of connexin36 in cultures of mammalian glial cells. Arch Ital Biol 140:101-108 (Pubitemid 34251860)
231. Parenti R, Cicirata F, Zappala A, Catania A, La Delia F, Cicirata V, Tress O, Willecke K (2010) Dynamic expression of Cx47 in mouse brain development and in the cuprizone model of myelin plasticity. Glia 58:1594-1609
232. Parihar MS, Brewer GJ (2010) Amyloid-beta as a modulator of synaptic plasticity. J Alzheimers Dis 22:741-763
233. Parpura V, Scemes E, Spray DC (2004) Mechanisms of glutamate release from astrocytes: gap junction "hemichannels", purinergic receptors and exocytotic release. Neurochem Int 45:259-264 (Pubitemid 38625617)
234. Pastor A, Kremer M, Moller T, Kettenmann H, Dermietzel R (1998) Dye coupling between spinal cord oligodendrocytes: differences in coupling efficiency between gray and white matter. Glia 24:108-120 (Pubitemid 28370217)
235. Peinado A, Yuste R, Katz LC (1993a) Extensive dye coupling between rat neocortical neurons during the period of circuit formation. Neuron 10:103-114 (Pubitemid 23045430)
236. Peinado A, Yuste R, Katz LC (1993b) Gap junctional communication and the development of local circuits in neocortex. Cereb Cortex 3:488-498 (Pubitemid 23303425)
237. Perez Velazquez JL, Carlen PL (2000) Gap junctions, synchrony and seizures. Trends Neurosci 23:68-74 (Pubitemid 30084763)
238. Perez Velazquez JL, Carlen PL, Skinner FK (2001) Artificial electrotonic coupling affects neuronal firing patterns depending upon cellular characteristics. Neuroscience 103:841-849 (Pubitemid 32239345)
239. Persidsky Y, Stins M, Way D, Witte MH, Weinand M, Kim KS, Bock P, Gendelman HE, Fiala M (1997) A model for monocyte migration through the blood-brain barrier during HIV-1 encephalitis. J Immunol 158:3499-3510 (Pubitemid 127484072)
240. Petrasch-Parwez E, Habbes HW, Weickert S, Lobbecke-Schumacher M, Striedinger K, Wieczorek S, Dermietzel R, Epplen JT (2004) Fine-structural analysis and connexin expression in the retina of a transgenic model of Huntington's disease. J Comp Neurol 479:181-197 (Pubitemid 39314890)
241. Planells-Cases R, Jentsch TJ (2009) Chloride channelopathies. Biochim Biophys Acta 1792:173-189
242. Pu P, Xia Z, Yu S, Huang Q (2004) Altered expression of Cx43 in astrocytic tumors. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 107:49-54 (Pubitemid 39556679)
243. Rash JE, Yasumura T, Dudek FE, Nagy JI (2001a) Cell-specific expression of connexins and evidence of restricted gap junctional coupling between glial cells and between neurons. J Neurosci 21:1983-2000 (Pubitemid 32221382)
244. Rash JE, Yasumura T, Davidson KG, Furman CS, Dudek FE, Nagy JI (2001b) Identification of cells expressing Cx43, Cx30, Cx26, Cx32 and Cx36 in gap junctions of rat brain and spinal cord. Cell Commun Adhes 8:315-320
245. Rash JE, Davidson KG, Kamasawa N, Yasumura T, Kamasawa M, Zhang C, Michaels R, Restrepo D, Ottersen OP, Olson CO, Nagy JI (2005) Ultrastructural localization of connexins (Cx36, Cx43, Cx45), glutamate receptors and aquaporin-4 in rodent olfactory mucosa, olfactory nerve and olfactory bulb. J Neurocytol 34:307-341 (Pubitemid 44078241)
246. Retamal MA, Cortes CJ, Reuss L, Bennett MV, Saez JC (2006) Snitrosylation and permeation through connexin 43 hemichannels in astrocytes: induction by oxidant stress and reversal by reducing agents. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:4475-4480
247. Retamal MA, Froger N, Palacios-Prado N, Ezan P, Saez PJ, Saez JC, Giaume C (2007) Cx43 hemichannels and gap junction channels in astrocytes are regulated oppositely by proinflammatory cytokines released from activated microglia. J Neurosci 27:13781-13792 (Pubitemid 350278255)
248. Retamal MA, Yin S, Altenberg GA, Reuss L (2010) Voltage-dependent facilitation of Cx46 hemichannels. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 298:C132-C139
249. Reuss B, Dermietzel R, Unsicker K (1998) Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) differentially regulates connexin (cx) 43 expression and function in astroglial cells from distinct brain regions. Glia 22:19-30 (Pubitemid 28038041)
250. Robe PA, Rogister B, Merville MP, Bours V (2000) Growth regulation of astrocytes and C6 cells by TGFbeta1: correlation with gap junctions. Neuroreport 11:2837-2841
251. Roberts TK, Buckner CM, Berman JW (2010) Leukocyte transmigration across the blood-brain barrier: perspectives on neuroAIDS. Front Biosci 15:478-536
252. Rose CR, Ransom BR (1997) Regulation of intracellular sodium in cultured rat hippocampal neurones. J Physiol 499(Pt 3):573-587 (Pubitemid 27153581)
253. Rouach N, Tence M, Glowinski J, Giaume C (2002a) Costimulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate and muscarinic neuronal receptors modulates gap junctional communication in striatal astrocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:1023-1028 (Pubitemid 34106629)
254. Rouach N, Calvo CF, Glowinski J, Giaume C (2002b) Brain macrophages inhibit gap junctional communication and downregulate connexin 43 expression in cultured astrocytes. Eur J Neurosci 15:403-407 (Pubitemid 35471963)
255. Rouach N, Avignone E, Meme W, Koulakoff A, Venance L, Blomstrand F, Giaume C (2002c) Gap junctions and connexin expression in the normal and pathological central nervous system. Biol Cell 94:457-475 (Pubitemid 36113697)
256. Rouach N, Koulakoff A, Giaume C (2004a) Neurons set the tone of gap junctional communication in astrocytic networks. Neurochem Int 45:265-272 (Pubitemid 38625618)
257. Rouach N, Calvo CF, Duquennoy H, Glowinski J, Giaume C (2004b) Hydrogen peroxide increases gap junctional communication and induces astrocyte toxicity: regulation by brain macrophages. Glia 45:28-38 (Pubitemid 38076225)
258. Rouach N, Koulakoff A, Abudara V, Willecke K, Giaume C (2008) Astroglial metabolic networks sustain hippocampal synaptic transmission. Science 322:1551-1555
259. Rozental R, Morales M, Mehler MF, Urban M, Kremer M, Dermietzel R, Kessler JA, Spray DC (1998) Changes in the properties of gap junctions during neuronal differentiation of hippocampal progenitor cells. J Neurosci 18:1753-1762 (Pubitemid 28103083)
260. Rufer M, Wirth SB, Hofer A, Dermietzel R, Pastor A, Kettenmann H, Unsicker K (1996) Regulation of connexin-43, GFAP, and FGF-2 is not accompanied by changes in astroglial coupling in MPTPlesioned, FGF-2-treated parkinsonian mice. J Neurosci Res 46:606-617 (Pubitemid 26404653)
261. Sáez JC, Contreras JE, Bukauskas FF, Retamal MA, Bennett MV (2003a) Gap junction hemichannels in astrocytes of the CNS. Acta Physiol Scand 179:9-22 (Pubitemid 37083058)
262. Sáez JC, Berthoud VM, Branes MC, Martinez AD, Beyer EC (2003b) Plasma membrane channels formed by connexins: their regulation and functions. Physiol Rev 83:1359-1400 (Pubitemid 37222275)
263. Sáez JC, Retamal MA, Basilio D, Bukauskas FF, Bennett MV (2005) Connexin-based gap junction hemichannels: gating mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta 1711:215-224 (Pubitemid 40799296)
264. Sáez JC, Schalper KA, Retamal MA, Orellana JA, Shoji KF, Bennett MV (2010) Cell membrane permeabilization via connexin hemichannels in living and dying cells. Exp Cell Res 316:2377-2389
265. Samoilova M, Li J, Pelletier MR,Wentlandt K, Adamchik Y, Naus CC, Carlen PL (2003) Epileptiform activity in hippocampal slice cultures exposed chronically to bicuculline: increased gap junctional function and expression. J Neurochem 86:687-699 (Pubitemid 36897449)
266. Samoilova M, Wentlandt K, Adamchik Y, Velumian AA, Carlen PL (2008) Connexin 43 mimetic peptides inhibit spontaneous epileptiform activity in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Exp Neurol 210:762-775
267. Sánchez HA, Orellana JA, Verselis VK, Saez JC (2009) Metabolic inhibition increases activity of connexin-32 hemichannels permeable to Ca2+ in transfected HeLa cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 297:C665-C678
268. Sanchez-Alvarez R, Paino T, Herrero-Gonzalez S, Medina JM, Tabernero A (2006) Tolbutamide reduces glioma cell proliferation by increasing connexin43, which promotes the up-regulation of p21 and p27 and subsequent changes in retinoblastoma phosphorylation. Glia 54:125-134 (Pubitemid 44078134)
269. Santiago MF, Alcami P, Striedinger KM, Spray DC, Scemes E (2010) The carboxyl-terminal domain of connexin43 is a negative modulator of neuronal differentiation. J Biol Chem 285:11836-11845
270. Sargiannidou I, Ahn M, Enriquez AD, Peinado A, Reynolds R, Abrams C, Scherer SS, Kleopa KA (2008) Human oligodendrocytes express Cx31.3: function and interactions with Cx32 mutants. Neurobiol Dis 30:221-233
271. Sargiannidou I, Vavlitou N, Aristodemou S, Hadjisavvas A, Kyriacou K, Scherer SS, Kleopa KA (2009) Connexin32 mutations cause loss of function in Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes leading to PNS and CNS myelination defects. J Neurosci 29:4736-4749
272. Schalper KA, Orellana JA, Berthoud VM, Saez JC (2009) Dysfunctions of the diffusional membrane pathways mediated by hemichannels in inherited and acquired human diseases. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 7:486-505
273. Scherer SS, Xu YT, Nelles E, Fischbeck K, Willecke K, Bone LJ (1998) Connexin32-null mice develop demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Glia 24:8-20 (Pubitemid 28370208)
274. Schubert T, Maxeiner S, Kruger O, Willecke K, Weiler R (2005) Connexin45 mediates gap junctional coupling of bistratified ganglion cells in the mouse retina. J Comp Neurol 490:29-39 (Pubitemid 41099287)
275. Schweighardt B, Atwood WJ (2001) HIV type 1 infection of human astrocytes is restricted by inefficient viral entry. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 17:1133-1142 (Pubitemid 32881580)
276. Seror C et al (2011) Extracellular ATP acts on P2Y2 purinergic receptors to facilitate HIV-1 infection. J Exp Med
277. Shinoura N, Chen L, Wani MA, Kim YG, Larson JJ, Warnick RE, Simon M, Menon AG, Bi WL, Stambrook PJ (1996) Protein and messenger RNA expression of connexin43 in astrocytomas: implications in brain tumor gene therapy. J Neurosurg 84:839-845, discussion 846
278. Simard M, Arcuino G, Takano T, Liu QS, Nedergaard M (2003) Signaling at the gliovascular interface. J Neurosci 23:9254-9262 (Pubitemid 37243827)
279. Siushansian R, Bechberger JF, Cechetto DF, Hachinski VC, Naus CC (2001) Connexin43 null mutation increases infarct size after stroke. J Comp Neurol 440:387-394 (Pubitemid 33041752)
280. Soffer D, Raine CS (1980) Morphologic analysis of axo-glial membrane specializations in the demyelinated central nervous system. Brain Res 186:301-313 (Pubitemid 10139135)
281. Sohl G, Guldenagel M, Beck H, Teubner B, Traub O, Gutierrez R, Heinemann U, Willecke K (2000) Expression of connexin genes in hippocampus of kainate-treated and kindled rats under conditions of experimental epilepsy. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 83:44-51
282. Sohl G, Maxeiner S, Willecke K (2005) Expression and functions of neuronal gap junctions. Nat Rev Neurosci 6:191-200 (Pubitemid 40342414)
283. Soroceanu L, Manning TJ Jr, Sontheimer H (2001) Reduced expression of connexin-43 and functional gap junction coupling in human gliomas. Glia 33:107-117 (Pubitemid 32160974)
284. Sotelo C, Angaut P (1973) The fine structure of the cerebellar central nuclei in the cat. I. Neurons and neuroglial cells. Exp Brain Res 16:410-430
285. Stout CE, Costantin JL, Naus CC, Charles AC (2002) Intercellular calcium signaling in astrocytes via ATP release through connexin hemichannels. J Biol Chem 277:10482-10488 (Pubitemid 34968170)
286. Sun Y, TangW, Chang Q,Wang Y, KongW, Lin X (2009) Connexin30 null and conditional connexin26 null mice display distinct pattern and time course of cellular degeneration in the cochlea. J Comp Neurol 516:569-579
287. Sutor B, Schmolke C, Teubner B, Schirmer C, Willecke K (2000) Myelination defects and neuronal hyperexcitability in the neocortex of connexin 32-deficient mice. Cereb Cortex 10:684-697 (Pubitemid 30460505)
288. Swayne LA, Sorbara CD, Bennett SA (2010) Pannexin 2 is expressed by postnatal hippocampal neural progenitors and modulates neuronal commitment. J Biol Chem 285:24977-24986
289. Tabernero A, Sanchez-Alvarez R, Medina JM (2006) Increased levels of cyclins D1 and D3 after inhibition of gap junctional communication in astrocytes. J Neurochem 96:973-982
290. Theis M, Jauch R, Zhuo L, Speidel D, Wallraff A, Doring B, Frisch C, Sohl G, Teubner B, Euwens C, Huston J, Steinhauser C, Messing A, Heinemann U, Willecke K (2003) Accelerated hippocampal spreading depression and enhanced locomotory activity in mice with astrocyte-directed inactivation of connexin43. J Neurosci 23:766-776 (Pubitemid 36206167)
291. Tontsch U, Bauer HC (1991) Glial cells and neurons induce blood-brain barrier related enzymes in cultured cerebral endothelial cells. Brain Res 539:247-253
292. Tornatore C, Nath A, Amemiya K, Major EO (1991) Persistent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in human fetal glial cells reactivated by T-cell factor(s) or by the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta. J Virol 65:6094-6100
293. Tornatore C, Chandra R, Berger JR, Major EO (1994a) HIV-1 infection of subcortical astrocytes in the pediatric central nervous system. Neurology 44:481-487 (Pubitemid 24098148)
294. Tornatore C, Meyers K, Atwood W, Conant K, Major E (1994b) Temporal patterns of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcripts in human fetal astrocytes. J Virol 68:93-102
295. Tran Van Nhieu G, Clair C, Bruzzone R, Mesnil M, Sansonetti P, Combettes L (2003) Connexin-dependent inter-cellular communication increases invasion and dissemination of Shigella in epithelial cells. Nat Cell Biol 5:720-726 (Pubitemid 36986779)
296. Tress O, Maglione M, Zlomuzica A, May D, Dicke N, Degen J, Dere E, Kettenmann H, Hartmann D, Willecke K (2011) Pathologic and phenotypic alterations in a mouse expressing a connexin47 missense mutation that causes pelizaeus-merzbacher-like disease in humans. PLoS Genet 7:e1002146
297. Trexler EB, Bukauskas FF, Bennett MV, Bargiello TA, Verselis VK (1999) Rapid and direct effects of pH on connexins revealed by the connexin46 hemichannel preparation. J Gen Physiol 113:721-742 (Pubitemid 29226462)
298. Trosko JE, Chang CC (2003) Isolation and characterization of normal adult human epithelial pluripotent stem cells. Oncol Res 13:353-357
299. Ure JA, Perassolo M (2000) Update on the pathophysiology of the epilepsies. J Neurol Sci 177:1-17
300. Ure J, Baudry M, Perassolo M (2006) Metabotropic glutamate receptors and epilepsy. J Neurol Sci 247:1-9 (Pubitemid 44131467)
301. Vaney DI (2002) Retinal neurons: cell types and coupled networks. Prog Brain Res 136:239-254 (Pubitemid 35460981)
302. Vaquero J, Oya S, Manrique M, Lozano AP, Bravo G (1978) Cytological alterations in alumina cream experimental epilepsy. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 42:235-243 (Pubitemid 9004078)
303. Venance L, Rozov A, Blatow M, Burnashev N, Feldmeyer D, Monyer H (2000) Connexin expression in electrically coupled postnatal rat brain neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:10260-10265
304. Venance L, Glowinski J, Giaume C (2004) Electrical and chemical
305. Vis JC, Nicholson LF, Faull RL, Evans WH, Severs NJ, Green CR (1998) Connexin expression in Huntington's diseased human brain. Cell Biol Int 22:837-847 (Pubitemid 29509309)
306. Wallraff A, Kohling R, Heinemann U, Theis M, Willecke K, Steinhauser C (2006) The impact of astrocytic gap junctional coupling on potassium buffering in the hippocampus. J Neurosci 26:5438-5447 (Pubitemid 44318396)
307. Weiss JM, Downie SA, Lyman WD, Berman JW (1998) Astrocytederived monocyte-chemoattractant protein-1 directs the transmigration of leukocytes across a model of the human blood-brain barrier. J Immunol 161:6896-6903 (Pubitemid 28562235)
308. Wen CM, Cheng YH, Huang YF, Wang CS (2008) Isolation and characterization of a neural progenitor cell line from tilapia brain. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 149:167-180
309. Xu HL, Mao L, Ye S, Paisansathan C, Vetri F, Pelligrino DA (2008) Astrocytes are a key conduit for upstream signaling of vasodilation during cerebral cortical neuronal activation in vivo. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 294:H622-H632 (Pubitemid 351253273)
310. Yamaguchi DT, Ma D (2003) Mechanism of pH regulation of connexin 43 expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 304:736-739 (Pubitemid 36513549)
311. Yamasaki H, Omori Y, Krutovskikh V, Zhu W, Mironov N, Yamakage K, Mesnil M (1999) Connexins in tumour suppression and cancer therapy. Novartis Found Symp 219:241-254, discussion 254-260
312. Yao LF,Wang ZK,Wang ZG, Sui D, Zhang LM (2009) Expression and function of Cx32 and Cx43 junctions in medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy in human. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 89:3058-3060
313. Ye ZC, Wyeth MS, Baltan-Tekkok S, Ransom BR (2003) Functional hemichannels in astrocytes: a novel mechanism of glutamate release. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci 23:3588-3596 (Pubitemid 36958466)
314. Zhang W, Couldwell WT, Simard MF, Song H, Lin JH, Nedergaard M (1999) Direct gap junction communication between malignant glioma cells and astrocytes. Cancer Res 59:1994-2003 (Pubitemid 29186177)
315. Zhang W, Nwagwu C, Le DM, Yong VW, Song H, Couldwell WT (2003a) Increased invasive capacity of connexin43-overexpressing malignant glioma cells. J Neurosurg 99:1039-1046 (Pubitemid 44717400)
316. Zhang YW, Nakayama K, Morita I (2003b) A novel route for connexin 43 to inhibit cell proliferation: negative regulation of S-phase kinase-associated protein (Skp 2). Cancer Res 63:1623-1630 (Pubitemid 36373653)
317. Zhang YW, Kaneda M, Morita I (2003c) The gap junction-independent tumor-suppressing effect of connexin 43. J Biol Chem 278: 44852-44856 (Pubitemid 37377244)
318. Zhang S, Liang R, Zhou F, Huang X, Ding JH, Hu G (2010) Reversal of rotenone-induced dysfunction of astrocytic connexin43 by opening mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Cell Mol Neurobiol
319. Zhuo L, Theis M, Alvarez-Maya I, Brenner M, Willecke K, Messing A (2001) hGFAP-cre transgenic mice for manipulation of glial and neuronal function in vivo. Genesis 31:85-94 (Pubitemid 33064319)
320. Zlomuzica A, Reichinnek S, Maxeiner S, Both M, May E, Worsdorfer P, Draguhn A, Willecke K, Dere E (2010) Deletion of connexin45 in mouse neurons disrupts one-trial object recognition and alters kainate-induced gamma-oscillations in the hippocampus. Physiol Behav 101:245-253