Neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular disease in old age: A translational medicine perspective

Journal of Aging Research

Volumn 2011, Issue , 2011, Pages

  Di Napoli, Mario ^a,b   Shah, Imtiaz M ^c  

^a SAN CAMILLO DE LELLIS HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^b Neurological Section   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF STRATHCLYDE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIOXIDANT; CD31 ANTIGEN; CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; CHEMOKINE; CYTOKINE; CYTOKINE INDUCED NEUTROPHIL CHEMOATTRACTANT; ENLIMOMAB; GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE INHIBITOR; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 1; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; NORPHENAZONE; PADGEM PROTEIN; PROTEASOME INHIBITOR; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; RESVERATROL; SIRTUIN; TELOMERASE; TELOMERASE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNINDEXED DRUG;

AGING; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER DISRUPTION; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER DYSFUNCTION; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN INFARCTION SIZE; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; CYTOKINE RESPONSE; DRUG TARGETING; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; HYPOTHERMIA; INFLAMMATORY CELL; ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING; LEUKOCYTE ROLLING; MACROPHAGE; MICROGLIA; NERVOUS SYSTEM INFLAMMATION; NEUROPROTECTION; NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTAXIS; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME; TELOMERE; TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

EID: 84863869837     PISSN: 20902204     EISSN: 20902212     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4061/2011/857484     Document Type: Review

References (236)

1. Modrego P. J., Pina M. A., Lerin F. J., The impact of ageing on stroke subtypes, length of stay and mortality: study in the province of Teruel, Spain. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2003 108 6 435 442 (Pubitemid 37464124)
2. Saposnik G., Cote R., Phillips S., Gubitz G., Bayer N., Minuk J., Black S., Stroke outcome in those over 80: a multicenter cohort study across Canada. Stroke 2008 39 8 2310 2317 2-s2.0-49849099363 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.511402
3. Inzitari M., Pozzi C., Ferrucci L., Chiarantini D., Rinaldi L. A., Baccini M., Pini R., Masotti G., Marchionni N., Di Bari M., Subtle neurological abnormalities as risk factors for cognitive and functional decline, cerebrovascular events, and mortality in older community-dwelling adults. Archives of Internal Medicine 2008 168 12 1270 1276 2-s2.0-46449114086 10.1001/archinte.168.12.1270 (Pubitemid 351930833)
4. Stebbins G. T., Nyenhuis D. L., Wang C., Cox J. L., Freels S., Bangen K., Detoledo-Morrell L., Sripathirathan K., Moseley M., Turner D. A., Gabrieli J. D. E., Gorelick P. B., Gray matter atrophy in patients with ischemic stroke with cognitive impairment. Stroke 2008 39 3 785 793 2-s2.0-41249100987 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.507392 (Pubitemid 351619583)
5. Badan I., Dinca I., Buchhold B., Suofu Y., Walker L., Gratz M., Platt D., Kessler C., Popa-Wagner A., Accelerated accumulation of N- and C-terminal beta APP fragments and delayed recovery of microtubule-associated protein 1B expression following stroke in aged rats. European Journal of Neuroscience 2004 19 8 2270 2280 2-s2.0-2342537053 10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03323.x (Pubitemid 38582215)
6. Rosen C. L., DiNapoli V. A., Nagamine T., Crocco T., Influence of age on stroke outcome following transient focal ischemia. Journal of Neurosurgery 2005 103 4 687 694 2-s2.0-32044452456 (Pubitemid 43193876)
7. Popa-Wagner A., Carmichael S. T., Kokaia Z., Kessler C., Walker L. C., The response of the aged brain to stroke: too much, too soon? Current Neurovascular Research 2007 4 3 216 227 2-s2.0-34547816672 10.2174/ 156720207781387213 (Pubitemid 47235973)
8. Ford G. A., Clinical pharmacological issues in the development of acute stroke therapies. The British Journal of Pharmacology 2008 153 supplement 1 S112 S119 2-s2.0-40349108548 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707654 (Pubitemid 351341008)
9. Feuerstein G. Z., Zaleska M. M., Krams M., Wang X., Day M., Rutkowski J. L., Finklestein S. P., Pangalos M. N., Poole M., Stiles G. L., Ruffolo R. R., Walsh F. L., Missing steps in the STAIR case: a translational medicine perspective on the development of NXY-059 for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2008 28 1 217 219 2-s2.0-37549068172 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600516
10. Suzuki Y., Takagi Y., Nakamura R., Hashimoto K., Umemura K., Ability of NMDA and non-NMDA receptor antagonists to inhibit cerebral ischemic damage in aged rats. Brain Research 2003 964 1 116 120 2-s2.0-0037458469 10.1016/S0006-8993(02)04088-X (Pubitemid 36165076)
11. Ay H., Koroshetz W. J., Vangel M., Benner T., Melinosky C., Zhu M., Menezes N., Lopez C. J., Sorensen A. G., Conversion of ischemic brain tissue into infarction increases with age. Stroke 2005 36 12 2632 2636 2-s2.0-33644680968 10.1161/01.STR.0000189991.23918.01
12. Simard J. M., Kent T. A., Chen M., Tarasov K. V., Gerzanich V., Brain oedema in focal ischaemia: molecular pathophysiology and theoretical implications. The Lancet Neurology 2007 6 3 258 268 2-s2.0-33846882646 10.1016/S1474-4422(07)70055-8 (Pubitemid 46228081)
13. Montaner J., Rovira A., Molina C. A., Arenillas J. F., Ribó M., Chacón P., Monasterio J., Alvarez-Sabín J., Plasmatic level of neuroinflammatory markers predict the extent of diffusion-weighted image lesions in hyperacute stroke. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2003 23 12 1403 1407 2-s2.0-0348141857 (Pubitemid 38018258)
14. Rallidis L. S., Vikelis M., Panagiotakos D. B., Rizos I., Zolindaki M. G., Kaliva K., Kremastinos D. T., Inflammatory markers and in-hospital mortality in acute ischaemic stroke. Atherosclerosis 2006 189 1 193 197 2-s2.0-33748967907 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.11.032 (Pubitemid 44441281)
15. Smith C. J., Emsley H. C., Gavin C. M., Georgiou R. F., Vail A., Barberan E. M., del Zoppo G. J., Hallenbeck J. M., Rothwell N. J., Hopkins S. J., Tyrrell P. J., Peak plasma interleukin-6 and other peripheral markers of inflammation in the first week of ischaemic stroke correlate with brain infarct volume, stroke severity and long-term outcome. BMC Neurology 2004 4, article 2 2-s2.0-2642581809 10.1186/1471-2377-4-2 (Pubitemid 38729102)
16. Jung J. E., Kim G. S., Chen H., Maier C. M., Narasimhan P., Song Y. S., Niizuma K., Katsu M., Okami N., Yoshioka H., Sakata H., Goeders C. E., Chan P. H., Reperfusion and neurovascular dysfunction in stroke: from basic mechanisms to potential strategies for neuroprotection. Molecular Neurobiology 2010 41 2-3 172 179 2-s2.0-77954201785 10.1007/s12035-010-8102-z
17. Stankowski J. N., Gupta R., Therapeutic targets for neuroprotection in acute ischemic stroke: lost in translation? Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 2011 14 10 1841 1851
18. Dirnagl U., Klehmet J., Braun J. S., Harms H., Meisel C., Ziemssen T., Prass K., Meisel A., Stroke-induced immunodepression: experimental evidence and clinical relevance. Stroke 2007 38 2 770 773 2-s2.0-33846583388 10.1161/01.STR.0000251441.89665.bc (Pubitemid 46184257)
19. Meisel C., Schwab J. M., Prass K., Meisel A., Dirnagl U., Central nervous system injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2005 6 10 775 786 2-s2.0-27944503933 10.1038/nrn1765 (Pubitemid 41679240)
20. Endres M., Engelhardt B., Koistinaho J., Lindvall O., Meairs S., Mohr J. P., Planas A., Rothwell N., Schwaninger M., Schwab M. E., Vivien D., Wieloch T., Dirnagl U., Improving outcome after stroke: overcoming the translational roadblock. Cerebrovascular Diseases 2008 25 3 268 278 2-s2.0-41349117677 10.1159/000118039 (Pubitemid 351450431)
21. Viña J., Borrás C., Miquel J., Theories of ageing. IUBMB Life 2007 59 4-5 249 254 2-s2.0-34248549251 10.1080/15216540601178067 (Pubitemid 46763767)
22. Offner H., Subramanian S., Parker S. M., Afentoulis M. E., Vandenbark A. A., Hurn P. D., Experimental stroke induces massive, rapid activation of the peripheral immune system. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2006 26 5 654 665 2-s2.0-33646382597 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600217
23. Perini F., Morra M., Alecci M., Galloni E., Marchi M., Toso V., Temporal profile of serum anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory interleukins in acute ischemic stroke patients. Neurological Sciences 2001 22 4 289 296 2-s2.0-0035690171 10.1007/s10072-001-8170-y (Pubitemid 34071562)
24. Vila N., Castillo J., Dávalos A., Chamorro A., Proinflammatory cytokines and early neurological worsening in ischemic stroke. Stroke 2000 31 10 2325 2329 2-s2.0-0033795665
25. Lai A. Y., Todd K. G., Microglia in cerebral ischemia: molecular actions and interactions. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2006 84 1 49 59 2-s2.0-33745761474 10.1139/y05-143 (Pubitemid 44011950)
26. Buck B. H., Liebeskind D. S., Saver J. L., Bang O. Y., Yun S. W., Starkman S., Ali L. K., Kim D., Villablanca J. P., Salamon N., Razinia T., Ovbiagele B., Early neutrophilia is associated with volume of ischemic tissue in acute stroke. Stroke 2008 39 2 355 360 2-s2.0-39349097270 10.1161/STROKEAHA. 107.490128 (Pubitemid 351619455)
27. Amaro S., Chamorro A., Translational stroke research of the combination of thrombolysis and antioxidant therapy. Stroke 2011 42 5 1495 1499
28. Sherman D., Bes A., Easton J. D., Hacke W., Kaste M., Polmar S. H., Zivin J. A., Clark W., Schneider D., Whisnant J., Fieschi C., Miller P., Schoenfeld D., Street J., Albers G., Atkinson R., Biller J., Bruno A., Carpenter D., DeGraba T., Driscoll P., Ellis J., Greenlee R., Hess D., Horowitz D. R., Davenport J., Hsu C., Starkman S., Madden K., Pettigrew C., Rosenbaum D., Schim J., Tietjen G., Mansbach H., Edwards K., Webb R., Crisostomo E., Wilterdrink J., Rothrock J., Zweifler R., Dexter J., Horowitz S., Futrell N., Alter M., Ferbert A., Prange H., Wiersbitzky M., Büttner T., Schwartz A., Busse O., Klingelhöfer J., Kaste M., Erilä T., Sivenius J., Sotaniemi K., Liukkonen J., Hedman C., Muuronen A., Rissanen A., Larrue V., Blard J. M., Caussanel J. P., Feve J. R., Moulin T., Mahagne M. H., Rancurel G., Trouillas P., Weber M., Thomassen L., Rosjo O., Johnsen H. J., Kjällman L., Petersson J., Ferrari G., Lagi A., Mamoli A., Re G., Use of anti-ICAM-1 therapy in ischemic stroke: results of the enlimomab acute stroke trial. Neurology 2001 57 8 1428 1434 2-s2.0-0035940577 (Pubitemid 32995724)
29. Fisher M., New approaches to neuroprotective drug development. Stroke 2010 42 1 S24 S27 2-s2.0-78650116907 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.592394
30. Kaushal V., Schlichter L. C., Mechanisms of microglia-mediated neurotoxicity in a new model of the stroke penumbra. Journal of Neuroscience 2008 28 9 2221 2230 2-s2.0-39849083520 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5643-07.2008 (Pubitemid 351317617)
31. Chen Y., Hallenbeck J. M., Ruetzler C., Bol D., Thomas K., Berman N. E. J., Vogel S. N., Overexpression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in the brain exacerbates ischemic brain injury and is associated with recruitment of inflammatory cells. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2003 23 6 748 755 2-s2.0-0038796526 (Pubitemid 36713680)
32. Deng X. H., Bertini G., Xu Y. Z., Yan Z., Bentivoglio M., Cytokine-induced activation of glial cells in the mouse brain is enhanced at an advanced age. Neuroscience 2006 141 2 645 661 2-s2.0-33746001386 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.04.016 (Pubitemid 44066662)
33. Popa-Wagner A., Badan I., Walker L., Groppa S., Patrana N., Kessler C., Accelerated infarct development, cytogenesis and apoptosis following transient cerebral ischemia in aged rats. Acta Neuropathologica 2007 113 3 277 293 2-s2.0-33947410259 10.1007/s00401-006-0164-7 (Pubitemid 46443563)
34. Lee J. C., Cho G. S., Choi B. O., Hyoung C. K., Kim Y. S., Kim W. K., Intracerebral hemorrhage-induced brain injury is aggravated in senescence-accelerated prone mice. Stroke 2006 37 1 216 222 2-s2.0-33644877308 10.1161/01.STR.0000195151.46926.7b (Pubitemid 43732074)
35. Buchanan J. B., Sparkman N. L., Chen J., Johnson R. W., Cognitive and neuroinflammatory consequences of mild repeated stress are exacerbated in aged mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2008 33 6 755 765 2-s2.0-46249110091 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.02.013
36. Gavilán M. P., Revilla E., Pintado C., Castaño A., Vizuete M. L., Moreno-González I., Baglietto-Vargas D., Sánchez-Varo R., Vitorica J., Gutiérrez A., Ruano D., Molecular and cellular characterization of the age-related neuroinflammatory processes occurring in normal rat hippocampus: potential relation with the loss of somatostatin GABAergic neurons. Journal of Neurochemistry 2007 103 3 984 996 2-s2.0-35248841938 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04787.x (Pubitemid 47568716)
37. Baune B. T., Ponath G., Rothermundt M., Roesler A., Berger K., Association between cytokines and cerebral MRI changes in the aging brain. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 2009 22 1 23 34 2-s2.0-63049124965 10.1177/0891988708328216
38. Leng S. X., Xue Q. L., Tian J., Walston J. D., Fried L. P., Inflammation and frailty in older women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2007 55 6 864 871 2-s2.0-34347338725 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01186.x (Pubitemid 47011043)
39. Spulber S., Oprica M., Bartfai T., Winblad B., Schultzberg M., Blunted neurogenesis and gliosis due to transgenic overexpression of human soluble IL-1ra in the mouse. European Journal of Neuroscience 2008 27 3 549 558 2-s2.0-39049146540 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06050.x (Pubitemid 351239305)
40. Kiecolt-Glaser J. K., Preacher K. J., MacCallum R. C., Atkinson C., Malarkey W. B., Glaser R., Chronic stress and age-related increases in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2003 100 15 9090 9095 2-s2.0-0041305837 10.1073/pnas.1531903100 (Pubitemid 36899228)
41. Allan S. M., Tyrrell P. J., Rothwell N. J., Interleukin-1 and neuronal injury. Nature Reviews Immunology 2005 5 8 629 640 2-s2.0-23444441962 10.1038/nri1664 (Pubitemid 41113194)
42. Caso J. R., Moro M. A., Lorenzo P., Lizasoain I., Leza J. C., Involvement of IL-1 β in acute stress-induced worsening of cerebral ischaemia in rats. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2007 17 9 600 607 2-s2.0-34447559410 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2007.02.009 (Pubitemid 47068933)
43. Mulcahy N. J., Ross J., Rothwell N. J., Loddick S. A., Delayed administration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protects against transient cerebral ischaemia in the rat. The British Journal of Pharmacology 2003 140 3 471 476 2-s2.0-0142153881 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705462 (Pubitemid 37330491)
44. Rothwell N., Interleukin-1 and neuronal injury: mechanisms, modification, and therapeutic potential. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2003 17 3 152 157 2-s2.0-0037410074 10.1016/S0889-1591(02)00098-3 (Pubitemid 36434364)
45. Emsley H. C., Smith C. J., Georgiou R. F., Vail A., Hopkins S. J., Rothwell N. J., Tyrrell P. J., A randomised phase II study of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in acute stroke patients. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2005 76 10 1366 1372 2-s2.0-25444517949 10.1136/jnnp.2004.054882 (Pubitemid 41360973)
46. Clark S. R., McMahon C. J., Gueorguieva I., Rowland M., Scarth S., Georgiou R., Tyrrell P. J., Hopkins S. J., Rothwell N. J., Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist penetrates human brain at experimentally therapeutic concentrations. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2008 28 2 387 394 2-s2.0-38549127374 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600537 (Pubitemid 351161294)
47. Galea J., Ogungbenro K., Hulme S., Intravenous anakinra can achieve experimentally effective concentrations in the central nervous system within a therapeutic time window: results of a dose-ranging study. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2011 31 2 439 447
48. Krams M., Lees K. R., Hacke W., Grieve A. P., Orgogozo J. M., Ford G. A., Acute stroke therapy by inhibition of neutrophils (ASTIN): an adaptive dose-response study of UK-279,276 in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2003 34 11 2543 2548 2-s2.0-0242694372 10.1161/01.STR.0000092527.33910.89 (Pubitemid 37392736)
49. Lyden P. D., Shuaib A., Lees K. R., Davalos A., Davis S. M., Diener H. C., Grotta J. C., Ashwood T. J., Hardemark H. G., Svensson H. H., Rodichok L., Wasiewski W. W., Åhlberg G., Safety and tolerability of NXY-059 for acute intracerebral hemorrhage: the CHANT Trial. Stroke 2007 38 8 2262 2269 2-s2.0-34548238171 10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.472746 (Pubitemid 47457566)
50. Shuaib A., Lees K. R., Lyden P., Grotta J., Davalos A., Davis S. M., Diener H. C., Ashwood T., Wasiewski W. W., Emeribe U., NXY-059 for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The New England Journal of Medicine 2007 357 6 562 571 2-s2.0-34547795720 10.1056/NEJMoa070240 (Pubitemid 47236281)
51. Nakase T., Yoshioka S., Suzuki A., Free radical scavenger, edaravone, reduces the lesion size of lacunar infarction in human brain ischemic stroke. BMC Neurology 2011 11 39 10.1186/1471-2377-11-39
52. Popa-Wagner A., Pirici D., Petcu E. B., Mogoanta L., Buga A. M., Rosen C. L., Leon R., Huber J. D., Pathophysiology of the vascular wall and its relevance for cerebrovascular disorders in aged rodents. Current Neurovascular Research 2010 7 3 251 267 2-s2.0-77956512195 10.2174/156720210792231813
53. Amaro S., Soy D., Obach V., Cervera A., Planas A. M., Chamorro A., A pilot study of dual treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and uric acid in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2007 38 7 2173 2175 2-s2.0-34347335684 10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.480699 (Pubitemid 47012285)
54. Amaro S., Cánovas D., Castellanos M., Gállego J., Martí-Fèbregas J., Segura T., Chamorro Á.., The URICO-ICTUS study, a phase 3 study of combined treatment with uric acid and rtPA administered intravenously in acute ischaemic stroke patients within the first 4·5 h of onset of symptoms. International Journal of Stroke 2010 5 4 325 328 2-s2.0-77955154086 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2010.00448.x
55. den Hertog H. M., van der Worp H. B., van Gemert H. M. A., Algra A., Kappelle L. J., van Gijn J., Koudstaal P. J., Dippel D. W., The Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) In Stroke (PAIS) trial: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase III trial. The Lancet Neurology 2009 8 5 434 440 2-s2.0-64549147934 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70051-1
56. Lampl Y., Boaz M., Gilad R., Lorberboym M., Dabby R., Rapoport A., Anca-Hershkowitz M., Sadeh M., Minocycline treatment in acute stroke: an open-label, evaluator-blinded study. Neurology 2007 69 14 1404 1410 2-s2.0-34848857092 10.1212/01.wnl.0000277487.04281.db (Pubitemid 47511461)
57. Fagan S. C., Waller J. L., Nichols F. T., Edwards D. J., Pettigrew L. C., Clark W. M., Hall C. E., Switzer J. A., Ergul A., Hess D. C., Minocycline to improve neurologic outcome in stroke (MINOS): a dose-finding study. Stroke 2010 41 10 2283 2287 2-s2.0-77958018645 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.582601
58. Orion D., Schwammenthal Y., Reshef T., Schwartz R., Tsabari R., Merzeliak O., Chapman J., Mekori Y. A., Tanne D., Interleukin-6 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in acute brain ischaemia. European Journal of Neurology 2008 15 4 323 328 2-s2.0-41049094779 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02066.x (Pubitemid 351422377)
59. Acalovschi D., Wiest T., Hartmann M., Farahmi M., Mansmann U., Auffarth G. U., Grau A. J., Green F. R., Grond-Ginsbach C., Schwaninger M., Multiple levels of regulation of the interleukin-6 system in stroke. Stroke 2003 34 8 1864 1869 2-s2.0-0041903685 10.1161/01.STR.0000079815.38626.44 (Pubitemid 36944770)
60. Herrmann O., Tarabin V., Suzuki S., Attigah N., Coserea I., Schneider A., Vogel J., Prinz S., Schwab S., Monyer H., Brombacher F., Schwaninger M., Regulation of body temperature and neuroprotection by endogenous interleukin-6 in cerebral ischemia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2003 23 4 406 415 2-s2.0-0037385752 (Pubitemid 36403022)
61. Sotgiu S., Zanda B., Marchetti B., Fois M. L., Arru G., Pes G. M., Salaris F. S., Arru A., Pirisi A., Rosati G., Inflammatory biomarkers in blood of patients with acute brain ischemia. European Journal of Neurology 2006 13 5 505 513 2-s2.0-33744779094 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01280.x (Pubitemid 43823367)
62. Fornage M., Chiang Y. A., O'Meara E. S., Psaty B. M., Reiner A. P., Siscovick D. S., Tracy R. P., Longstreth W. T., Biomarkers of inflammation and MRI-defined small vessel disease of the brain: the cardiovascular health study. Stroke 2008 39 7 1952 1959 2-s2.0-47649119414 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.508135
63. Rodríguez-Yáñez M., Castillo J., Role of inflammatory markers in brain ischemia. Current Opinion in Neurology 2008 21 3 353 357 2-s2.0-43249112515 10.1097/WCO.0b013e3282ffafbf (Pubitemid 351653988)
64. McKenzie M. J., Yu S., Macko R. F., McLenithan J. C., Hafer-Macko C. E., Human genome comparison of paretic and nonparetic vastus lateralis muscle in patients with hemiparetic stroke. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development 2008 45 2 273 282 2-s2.0-63249095302 10.1682/JRRD.2007.02.0036
65. Zuliani G., Guerra G., Ranzini M., Rossi L., Munari M. R., Zurlo A., Blè A., Volpato S., Atti A. R., Fellin R., High interleukin-6 plasma levels are associated with functional impairment in older patients with vascular dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2007 22 4 305 311 2-s2.0-34247610882 10.1002/gps.1674 (Pubitemid 46680841)
66. Barone F. C., Arvin B., White R. F., Miller A., Webb C. L., Willette R. N., Lysko P. G., Feuerstein G. Z., Tumor necrosis factor- α: a mediator of focal ischemic brain injury. Stroke 1997 28 6 1233 1244 2-s2.0-0030976856 (Pubitemid 27248902)
67. Liu T., Clark R. K., McDonnell P. C., White R. F., Barone F. C., Feuerstein G. Z., Tumor necrosis factor- α expression in ischemic neurons. Stroke 1994 25 7 1481 1488 2-s2.0-0028292231 (Pubitemid 24198599)
68. McCoy M. K., Tansey M. G., TNF signaling inhibition in the CNS: implications for normal brain function and neurodegenerative disease. Journal of Neuroinflammation 2008 5, article 45 2-s2.0-55949104665 10.1186/1742-2094-5-45
69. Lambertsen K. L., Clausen B. H., Babcock A. A., Gregersen R., Fenger C., Nielsen H. H., Haugaard L. S., Wirenfeldt M., Nielsen M., Dagnaes-Hansen F., Bluethmann H., Færgeman N. J., Meldgaard M., Deierborg T., Finsen B., Microglia protect neurons against ischemia by synthesis of tumor necrosis factor. Journal of Neuroscience 2009 29 5 1319 1330 2-s2.0-59649117102 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5505-08.2009
70. Pettigrew L. C., Kindy M. S., Scheff S., Springer J. E., Kryscio R. J., Li Y., Grass D. S., Focal cerebral ischemia in the TNFalpha-transgenic rat. Journal of Neuroinflammation 2008 5, article 47 2-s2.0-56449088071 10.1186/1742-2094-5-47
71. Lavine S. D., Hofman F. M., Zlokovic B. V., Circulating antibody against tumor necrosis factor-alpha protects rat brain from reperfusion injury. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 1998 18 1 52 58 2-s2.0-0031963924 (Pubitemid 28019011)
72. Lovering F., Zhang Y., Therapeutic potential of TACE inhibitors in stroke. Current Drug Targets 2005 4 2 161 168 2-s2.0-18044374086 10.2174/1568007053544147 (Pubitemid 40601607)
73. Rosenzweig H. L., Minami M., Lessov N. S., Endotoxin preconditioning protects against the cytotoxic effects of TNFalpha after stroke: a novel role for TNFalpha in LPS-ischemic tolerance. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2007 27 10 1663 1674 (Pubitemid 47476093)
74. Brabers N. A., Nottet H. S., Role of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF- α and IL-1 β in HIV-associated dementia. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 2006 36 7 447 458 2-s2.0-33745011334 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2006. 01657.x (Pubitemid 43876125)
75. Zou J. Y., Crews F. T., TNF α potentiates glutamate neurotoxicity by inhibiting glutamate uptake in organotypic brain slice cultures: neuroprotection by NF κ B inhibition. Brain Research 2005 1034 1-2 11 24 2-s2.0-13844270562 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.11.014 (Pubitemid 40248516)
76. Gidday J. M., Cerebral preconditioning and ischaemic tolerance. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2006 7 6 437 448 2-s2.0-33745763116 10.1038/nrn1927 (Pubitemid 44012284)
77. Kirino T., Ischemic tolerance. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2002 22 11 1283 1296 2-s2.0-0036843521 (Pubitemid 35285085)
78. Stenzel-Poore M. P., Stevens S. L., Simon R. P., Genomics of preconditioning. Stroke 2004 35 11, supplement 1 2683 2686 2-s2.0-7644242147 10.1161/01.STR.0000143735.89281.bb (Pubitemid 39458368)
79. Orio M., Kunz A., Kawano T., Anrather J., Zhou P., Iadecola C., Lipopolysaccharide induces early tolerance to excitotoxicity via nitric oxide and cGMP. Stroke 2007 38 10 2812 2817 2-s2.0-34447135619 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107. 486837 (Pubitemid 47494022)
80. Tasaki K., Ruetzler C. A., Ohtsuki T., Martin D., Nawashiro H., Hallenbeck J. M., Lipopolysaccharide pre-treatment induces resistance against subsequent focal cerebral ischemic damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Brain Research 1997 748 1-2 267 270 2-s2.0-0031059654 10.1016/S0006-8993(96) 01383-2 (Pubitemid 27094913)
81. Petcu E. B., Kocher T., Kuhr A., Buga A. M., Klöting I., Herndon J. G., Kessler C., Popa-Wagne A., Mild systemic inflammation has a neuroprotective effect after stroke in rats. Current Neurovascular Research 2008 5 4 214 223 2-s2.0-56449112189 10.2174/156720208786413424
82. Kunz A., Park L., Abe T., Gallo E. F., Anrather J., Zhou P., Iadecola C., Neurovascular protection by ischemic tolerance: role of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. Journal of Neuroscience 2007 27 27 7083 7093 2-s2.0-34447128135 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1645-07.2007 (Pubitemid 47037566)
83. Rosenzweig H. L., Lessov N. S., Henshall D. C., Minami M., Simon R. P., Stenzel-Poore M. P., Endotoxin preconditioning prevents cellular inflammatory response during ischemic neuroprotection in mice. Stroke 2004 35 11 2576 2581 2-s2.0-7644232937 10.1161/01.STR.0000143450.04438.ae (Pubitemid 39458420)
84. Della Morte D., Abete P., Gallucci F., Scaglione A., D'Ambrosio D., Gargiulo G., De Rosa G., Dave K. R., Lin H. W., Cacciatore F., Mazzella F., Uomo G., Rundek T., Perez-Pinzon M. A., Rengo F., Transient ischemic attack before nonlacunar ischemic stroke in the elderly. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 2008 17 5 257 262 2-s2.0-49949107920 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis. 2008.03.004
85. Iadecola C., Alexander M., Cerebral ischemia and inflammation. Current Opinion in Neurology 2001 14 1 89 94 2-s2.0-0035143182 10.1097/00019052- 200102000-00014 (Pubitemid 32116263)
86. Doré S., Otsuka T., Mito T., Sugo N., Hand T., Wu L., Hurn P. D., Traystman R. J., Andreasson K., Neuronal overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 increases cerebral infarction. Annals of Neurology 2003 54 2 155 162 2-s2.0-0042867239 10.1002/ana.10612 (Pubitemid 36909614)
87. Sharp F. R., Lu A., Tang Y., Millhorn D. E., Multiple molecular penumbras after focal cerebral ischemia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2000 20 7 1011 1032 2-s2.0-0033932195 (Pubitemid 30445613)
88. Sriram K., O'Callaghan J. P., Divergent roles for tumor necrosis factor- α in the brain. Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology 2007 2 2 140 153 2-s2.0-34247496802 10.1007/s11481-007-9070-6
89. Strle K., Zhou J. H., Shen W. H., Broussard S. R., Johnson R. W., Freund G. G., Dantzer R., Kelley K. W., Interleukin-10 in the brain. Critical Reviews in Immunology 2001 21 5 427 449 2-s2.0-0035728362 (Pubitemid 34259914)
90. van Exel E., Gussekloo J., De Craen A. J. M., Bootsma-van Der Wiel A., Frölich M., Westendorp R. G. J., Inflammation and stroke: the Leiden 85-Plus Study. Stroke 2002 33 4 1135 1138 2-s2.0-0036218990 10.1161/01.STR. 0000014206.05597.9E (Pubitemid 34293603)
91. Makwana M., Jones L. L., Cuthill D., Heuer H., Bohatschek M., Hristova M., Friedrichsen S., Ormsby I., Bueringer D., Koppius A., Bauer K., Doetschman T., Raivich G., Endogenous transforming growth factor β 1 suppresses inflammation and promotes survival in adult CNS. Journal of Neuroscience 2007 27 42 11201 11213 2-s2.0-35448977192 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2255-07.2007 (Pubitemid 47621324)
92. Lehrmann E., Kiefer R., Christensen T., Toyka K. V., Zimmer J., Diemer N. H., Hartung H. P., Finsen B., Microglia and macrophages are major sources of locally produced transforming growth factor- β 1 after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. GLIA 1998 24 4 437 448 2-s2.0-0032402337 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1136(199812)24:4437::AID-GLIA9>3.0.CO;2-X (Pubitemid 28494763)
93. Pang L., Ye W., Che X. M., Roessler B. J., Betz A. L., Yang G. Y., Reduction of inflammatory response in the mouse brain with adenoviral-mediated transforming growth factor- β 1 expression. Stroke 2001 32 2 544 552 2-s2.0-0035130526 (Pubitemid 32155249)
94. Dhandapani K. M., Brann D. W., Transforming growth factor- β: a neuroprotective factor in cerebral ischemia. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics 2003 39 1 13 22 2-s2.0-0242366443 10.1385/CBB:39:1:13 (Pubitemid 41270804)
95. Popa-Wagner A., Stöcker K., Balseanu A. T., Rogalewski A., Diederich K., Minnerup J., Margaritescu C., Schäbitz W. R., Effects of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor after stroke in aged rats. Stroke 2010 41 5 1027 1031 2-s2.0-77951764744 10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.575621
96. Sugiyama Y., Yagita Y., Oyama N., Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor enhances arteriogenesis and ameliorates cerebral damage in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. Stroke 2011 42 3 770 775
97. Floel A., Warnecke T., Duning T., Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in stroke patients with concomitant vascular disease-a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2011 6 5 e19767
98. Schäbitz W. R., Laage R., Vogt G., Koch W., Kollmar R., Schwab S., Schneider D., Hamann G. F., Rosenkranz M., Veltkamp R., Fiebach J. B., Hacke W., Grotta J. C., Fisher M., Schneider A., AXIS: a trial of intravenous granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2010 41 11 2545 2551 2-s2.0-78149294383 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.579508
99. Endres M., Laufs U., Liao J. K., Moskowitz M. A., Targeting eNOS for stroke protection. Trends in Neurosciences 2004 27 5 283 289 2-s2.0-1942500993 10.1016/j.tins.2004.03.009 (Pubitemid 38529957)
100. Badan I., Buchhold B., Hamm A., Gratz M., Walker L. C., Platt D., Kessler C., Popa-Wagner A., Accelerated glial reactivity to stroke in aged rats correlates with reduced functional recovery. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2003 23 7 845 854 2-s2.0-0038016402 (Pubitemid 36818692)
101. Doyle K. P., Cekanaviciute E., Mamer L. E., Buckwalter M. S., TGF β signaling in the brain increases with aging and signals to astrocytes and innate immune cells in the weeks after stroke. Journal of Neuroinflammation 2010 7, article 62 2-s2.0-77957689347 10.1186/1742-2094-7-62
102. Minami M., Satoh M., Chemokines and their receptors in the brain: pathophysiological roles in ischemic brain injury. Life Sciences 2003 74 2-3 321 327 2-s2.0-0242289611 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.09.019 (Pubitemid 37357063)
103. Yamagami S., Tamura M., Hayashi M., Endo N., Tanabe H., Katsuura Y., Komoriya K., Differential production of MCP-1 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant in the ischemic brain after transient focal ischemia in rats. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 1999 65 6 744 749 2-s2.0-0033068096 (Pubitemid 29279521)
104. McColl B. W., Rothwell N. J., Allan S. M., Systemic inflammatory stimulus potentiates the acute phase and CXC chemokine responses to experimental stroke and exacerbates brain damage via interleukin-1- and neutrophil-dependent mechanisms. Journal of Neuroscience 2007 27 16 4403 4412 2-s2.0-34247338117 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5376-06.2007 (Pubitemid 46640725)
105. Campbell S. J., Perry V. H., Pitossi F. J., Butchart A. G., Chertoff M., Waters S., Dempster R., Anthony D. C., Central nervous system injury triggers hepatic CC and CXC chemokine expression that is associated with leukocyte mobilization and recruitment to both the central nervous system and the liver. The American Journal of Pathology 2005 166 5 1487 1497 2-s2.0-17844379486 (Pubitemid 40586518)
106. Kumagai N., Chiba Y., Hosono M., Fujii M., Kawamura N., Keino H., Yoshikawa K., Ishii S., Saitoh Y., Satoh M., Shimada A., Hosokawa M., Involvement of pro-inflammatory cytokines and microglia in an age-associated neurodegeneration model, the SAMP10 mouse. Brain Research 2007 1185 1 75 85 2-s2.0-36448941228 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.09.021 (Pubitemid 350166311)
107. DiNapoli V. A., Huber J. D., Houser K., Li X., Rosen C. L., Early disruptions of the blood-brain barrier may contribute to exacerbated neuronal damage and prolonged functional recovery following stroke in aged rats. Neurobiology of Aging 2008 29 5 753 764 2-s2.0-40849113545 10.1016/j. neurobiolaging.2006.12.007 (Pubitemid 351400829)
108. Stamatovic S. M., Shakui P., Keep R. F., Moore B. B., Kunkel S. L., Van Rooijen N., Andjelkovic A. V., Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2005 25 5 593 606 2-s2.0-17644363389 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600055 (Pubitemid 40562932)
109. Kostulas N., Kivisäkk P., Huang Y., Matusevicius D., Kostulas V., Link H., Ischemic stroke is associated with a systemic increase of blood mononuclear cells expressing interleukin-8 mRNA. Stroke 1998 29 2 462 466 2-s2.0-0344972923 (Pubitemid 28086692)
110. Matsumoto T., Ikeda K., Mukaida N., Harada A., Matsumoto Y., Yamashita J., Matsushima K., Prevention of cerebral edema and infarct in cerebral reperfusion injury by an antibody to interleukin-8. Laboratory Investigation 1997 77 2 119 125 2-s2.0-0030871256 (Pubitemid 27355907)
111. Dawson J., Miltz W., Mir A. K., Wiessner C., Targeting monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 signalling in disease. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets 2003 7 1 35 48 2-s2.0-0037317834 10.1517/14728222.7.1.35 (Pubitemid 36204587)
112. Beech J. S., Reckless J., Mosedale D. E., Grainger D. J., Williams S. C., Menon D. K., Neuroprotection in ischemia-reperfusion injury: an antiinflammatory approach using a novel broad-spectrum chemokine inhibitor. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2001 21 6 683 689 (Pubitemid 32510456)
113. Mitsios N., Saka M., Krupinski J., Pennucci R., Sanfeliu C., Wang Q., Rubio F., Gaffney J., Kumar P., Kumar S., Sullivan M., Slevin M., A microarray study of gene and protein regulation in human and rat brain following middle cerebral artery occlusion. BMC Neuroscience 2007 8, article 93 2-s2.0-38049112896 10.1186/1471-2202-8-93
114. Kawahara N., Wang Y., Mukasa A., Genome-wide gene expression analysis for induced ischemic tolerance and delayed neuronal death following transient global ischemia in rats. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2004 24 2 212 223 (Pubitemid 38199115)
115. Schwaninger M., Inta I., Herrmann O., NF- κ B signalling in cerebral ischaemia. Biochemical Society Transactions 2006 34 6 1291 1294 2-s2.0-33846563150 10.1042/BST0341291 (Pubitemid 46769040)
116. Patel J. R., Brewer G. J., Age-related differences in NFkappaB translocation and Bcl-2/Bax ratio caused by TNFalpha and Abeta42 promote survival in middle-age neurons and death in old neurons. Experimental Neurology
117. Zhang W., Potrovita I., Tarabin V., Neuronal activation of NF-kappaB contributes to cell death in cerebral ischemia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2005 25 1 30 40 (Pubitemid 40096895)
118. Stephenson D., Yin T., Smalstig E. B., Transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B is activated in neurons after focal cerebral ischemia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2000 20 3 592 603 (Pubitemid 30164903)
119. Luo J. L., Kamata H., Karin M., The anti-death machinery in IKK/NF- κ B signaling. Journal of Clinical Immunology 2005 25 6 541 550 2-s2.0-29444453188 10.1007/s10875-005-8217-6 (Pubitemid 43011746)
120. Perkins N. D., The Rel/NF- κ B family: friend and foe. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 2000 25 9 434 440 2-s2.0-0034283837 10.1016/S0968-0004(00) 01617-0 (Pubitemid 30662411)
121. Li J., Lu Z., Li W. L., Shan P. Y., Wei L., Cell death and proliferation in NF- κ B p50 knockout mouse after cerebral ischemia. Brain Research 2008 1230 281 289 2-s2.0-54049097850 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.06.130
122. Williams A. J., Dave J. R., Tortella F. C., Neuroprotection with the proteasome inhibitor MLN519 in focal ischemic brain injury: relation to nuclear factor κ B (NF- κ B), inflammatory gene expression, and leukocyte infiltration. Neurochemistry International 2006 49 2 106 112 2-s2.0-33746809848 10.1016/j.neuint.2006.03.018 (Pubitemid 44172911)
123. Shah I. M., Di Napoli M., The ubiquitin-proteasome system and proteasome inhibitors in central nervous system diseases. Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Drug Targets 2007 7 4 250 273 (Pubitemid 350302901)
124. Florian B., Vintilescu R., Balseanu A. T., Buga A. M., Grisk O., Walker L. C., Kessler C., Popa-Wagner A., Long-term hypothermia reduces infarct volume in aged rats after focal ischemia. Neuroscience Letters 2008 438 2 180 185 2-s2.0-43849083902 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.04.020
125. Macleod M. R., Petersson J., Norrving B., Hacke W., Dirnagl U., Wagner M., Schwab S., Hypothermia for Stroke: call to action 2010. International Journal of Stroke 2010 5 6 489 492 2-s2.0-78149490924 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2010. 00520.x
126. Ge P., Luo Y., Liu C. L., Hu B., Protein aggregation and proteasome dysfunction after brain ischemia. Stroke 2007 38 12 3230 3236 2-s2.0-36448993027 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.487108 (Pubitemid 350175742)
127. Marfella R., Di Filippo C., Laieta M. T., Vestini R., Barbieri M., Sangiulo P., Crescenzi B., Ferraraccio F., Rossi F., D'Amico M., Paolisso G., Effects of ubiquitin-proteasome system deregulation on the vascular senescence and atherosclerosis process in elderly patients. Journals of Gerontology-Series A 2008 63 2 200 203 2-s2.0-42449136233 (Pubitemid 351738453)
128. Lavu S., Boss O., Elliott P. J., Lambert P. D., Sirtuins-novel therapeutic targets to treat age-associated diseases. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2008 7 10 841 853 2-s2.0-53249121556 10.1038/nrd2665
129. Salminen A., Kaarniranta K., NF- κ B signaling in the aging process. Journal of Clinical Immunology 2009 29 4 397 405 2-s2.0-67651207793 10.1007/s10875-009-9296-6
130. Zhang L., Huang S., Chen Y., Wang Z., Li E., Xu Y., Icariin inhibits hydrogen peroxide-mediated cytotoxicity by up-regulating sirtuin type 1-dependent catalase and peroxiredoxin. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 2010 107 5 899 905 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00595.x
131. Shin J. A., Lee H., Lim Y. K., Koh Y., Choi J. H., Park E. M., Therapeutic effects of resveratrol during acute periods following experimental ischemic stroke. Journal of Neuroimmunology 2010 227 1-2 93 100 2-s2.0-77956647573 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.06.017
132. Raval A. P., Lin H. W., Dave K. R., DeFazio R. A., Della Morte D., Kim E. J., Perez-Pinzon M. A., Resveratrol and ischemic preconditioning in the brain. Current Medicinal Chemistry 2008 15 15 1545 1551 2-s2.0-47349099404 10.2174/092986708784638861 (Pubitemid 351997786)
133. Patel K. R., Scott E., Brown V. A., Gescher A. J., Steward W. P., Brown K., Clinical trials of resveratrol. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2011 1215 161 169 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05853.x
134. Saretzki G., Telomerase, mitochondria and oxidative stress. Experimental Gerontology 2009 44 8 485 492
135. Willeit P., Willeit J., Brandstatter A., Cellular aging reflected by leukocyte telomere length predicts advanced atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease risk. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2010 30 8 1649 1656
136. Zhang B., Chen L., Swartz K. R., Bruemmer D., Eum S. Y., Huang W., Seelbach M., Choi Y. J., Hennig B., Toborek M., Deficiency of telomerase activity aggravates the blood-brain barrier disruption and neuroinflammatory responses in a model of experimental stroke. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2010 88 13 2859 2868 2-s2.0-77957224445 10.1002/jnr.22450
137. Palacios J. A., Herranz D., De Bonis M. L., Velasco S., Serrano M., Blasco M. A., SIRT1 contributes to telomere maintenance and augments global homologous recombination. Journal of Cell Biology 2010 191 7 1299 1313 2-s2.0-78650747994 10.1083/jcb.201005160
138. Zheng Z., Kim J. Y., Ma H., Lee J. E., Yenari M. A., Anti-inflammatory effects of the 70 kDa heat shock protein in experimental stroke. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2008 28 1 53 63
139. Lee S. H., Kim M., Yoon B. W., Kim Y. J., Ma S. J., Roh J. K., Lee J. S., Seo J. S., Targeted hsp70.1 disruption increases infarction volume after focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Stroke 2001 32 12 2905 2912 2-s2.0-0035211413 (Pubitemid 33134488)
140. Sinn D. I., Chu K., Lee S. T., Song E. C., Jung K. H., Kim E. H., Park D. K., Kang K. M., Kim M., Roh J. K., Pharmacological induction of heat shock protein exerts neuroprotective effects in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Brain Research 2007 1135 1 167 176 2-s2.0-33846703692 10.1016/j.brainres.2006. 11.098 (Pubitemid 46188430)
141. Singh R., Kolvraa S., Rattan S. I., Genetics of human longevity with emphasis on the relevance of HSP70 as candidate genes. Frontiers in Bioscience 2007 12 4504 4513
142. Macario A. J. L., De Macario E. C., Chaperonopathies by defect, excess, or mistake. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2007 1113 178 191 2-s2.0-35548998775 10.1196/annals.1391.009 (Pubitemid 350015008)
143. Kalmar B., Greensmith L., Induction of heat shock proteins for protection against oxidative stress. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2009 61 4 310 318 2-s2.0-64149121709 10.1016/j.addr.2009.02.003
144. Frijns C. J. M., Kappell L. J., Inflammatory cell adhesion molecules in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Stroke 2002 33 8 2115 2122 2-s2.0-0036326170 10.1161/01.STR.0000021902.33129.69 (Pubitemid 34840079)
145. Simundic A. M., Basic V., Topic E., Demarin V., Vrkic N., Kunovic B., Stefanovic M., Begonja A. A., Soluble adhesion molecules in acute ischemic stroke. Clinical and Investigative Medicine 2004 27 2 86 92 2-s2.0-3242785679 (Pubitemid 38979941)
146. Connolly E. S., Winfree C. J., Prestigiacomo C. J., Kim S. C., Choudhri T. F., Hoh B. L., Naka Y., Solomon R. A., Pinsky D. J., Exacerbation of cerebral injury in mice that express the P-selectin gene: identification of P-selectin blockade as a new target for the treatment of stroke. Circulation Research 1997 81 3 304 310 2-s2.0-0342872047 (Pubitemid 27362516)
147. Goussev A. V., Zhang Z., Anderson D. C., Chopp M., P-selectin antibody reduces hemorrhage and infarct volume resulting from MCA occlusion in the rat. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 1998 161 1 16 22 2-s2.0-0032569874 10.1016/S0022-510X(98)00262-7 (Pubitemid 28559178)
148. Suzuki H., Hayashi T., Tojo S. J., Kitagawa H., Kimura K., Mizugaki M., Itoyama Y., Abe K., Anti-P-selectin antibody attenuates rat brain ischemic injury. Neuroscience Letters 1999 265 3 163 166 2-s2.0-0033597223 10.1016/S0304-3940(99)00229-3 (Pubitemid 29207391)
149. Kalinowska A., Losy J., PECAM-1, a key player in neuroinflammation. European Journal of Neurology 2006 13 12 1284 1290 2-s2.0-33750951457 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01640.x (Pubitemid 44736636)
150. Richter V., Rassoul F., Purschwitz K., Hentschel B., Reuter W., Kuntze T., Circulating vascular cell adhesion molecules VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin in dependence on aging. Gerontology 2003 49 5 293 300 2-s2.0-0041885330 10.1159/000071710 (Pubitemid 37034366)
151. Zhang R. L., Chopp M., Li Y., Zaloga C., Jiang N., Jones M. L., Miyasaka M., Ward P. A., Anti-ICAM-1 antibody reduces ischemic cell damage after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Neurology 1994 44 9 1747 1751 2-s2.0-0028059959 (Pubitemid 24286659)
152. Sughrue M. E., Mehra A., Connolly E. S. Jr., D'Ambrosio A. L., Anti-adhesion molecule strategies as potential neuroprotective agents in cerebral ischemia: a critical review of the literature. Inflammation Research 2004 53 10 497 508 2-s2.0-12144267045 10.1007/s00011-004-1282-0 (Pubitemid 40110114)
153. Mousa S. A., Cell adhesion molecules: potential therapeutic & diagnostic implications. Molecular Biotechnology 2008 38 1 33 40 2-s2.0-38949202402 10.1007/s12033-007-0072-7 (Pubitemid 351378095)
154. Price C. J., Menon D. K., Peters A. M., Ballinger J. R., Barber R. W., Balan K. K., Lynch A., Xuereb J. H., Fryer T., Guadagno J. V., Warburton E. A., Cerebral neutrophil recruitment, histology, and outcome in acute ischemic stroke: an imaging-based study. Stroke 2004 35 7 1659 1664 2-s2.0-3042555247 10.1161/01.STR.0000130592.71028.92 (Pubitemid 38823643)
155. DiNapoli V. A., Benkovic S. A., Li X., Kelly K. A., Miller D. B., Rosen C. L., Huber J. D., O'Callaghan J. P., Age exaggerates proinflammatory cytokine signaling and truncates signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 signaling following ischemic stroke in the rat. Neuroscience 2010 170 2 633 644 2-s2.0-77956184903 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.07.011
156. Engberink R. D., Blezer E. L., Hoff E. I., MRI of monocyte infiltration in an animal model of neuroinflammation using SPIO-labeled monocytes or free USPIO. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2008 28 4 841 851 (Pubitemid 351432793)
157. Denes A., Vidyasagar R., Feng J., Proliferating resident microglia after focal cerebral ischaemia in mice. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2007 27 12 1941 1953 (Pubitemid 350129163)
158. Denes A., Thornton P., Rothwell N. J., Allan S. M., Inflammation and brain injury: acute cerebral ischaemia, peripheral and central inflammation. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2010 24 5 708 723 2-s2.0-77953620336 10.1016/j.bbi.2009.09.010
159. Thiel A., Radlinska B. A., Paquette C., Sidel M., Soucy J. P., Schirrmacher R., Minuk J., The temporal dynamics of poststroke neuroinflammation: a longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging-guided PET study with 11C-PK11195 in acute subcortical stroke. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2010 51 9 1404 1412 2-s2.0-77957072864 10.2967/jnumed.110.076612
160. Ekdahl C. T., Kokaia Z., Lindvall O., Brain inflammation and adult neurogenesis: the dual role of microglia. Neuroscience 2009 158 3 1021 1029 2-s2.0-59349110661 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.06.052
161. Lalancette-Hébert M., Gowing G., Simard A., Yuan C. W., Kriz J., Selective ablation of proliferating microglial cells exacerbates ischemic injury in the brain. Journal of Neuroscience 2007 27 10 2596 2605 2-s2.0-33847785649 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5360-06.2007 (Pubitemid 46393607)
162. Caso J. R., Pradillo J. M., Hurtado O., Leza J. C., Moro M. A., Lizasoain I., Toll-like receptor 4 is involved in subacute stress-induced neuroinflammation and in the worsening of experimental stroke. Stroke 2008 39 4 1314 1320 2-s2.0-41149112041 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.498212 (Pubitemid 351440707)
163. van Duin D., Shaw A. C., Toll-like receptors in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2007 55 9 1438 1444 2-s2.0-34548279776 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01300.x (Pubitemid 47329240)
164. Hartl R., Schurer L., Schmid-Schonbein G. W., del Zoppo G. J., Experimental antileukocyte interventions in cerebral ischemia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 1996 16 6 1108 1119 (Pubitemid 26365361)
165. Jander S., Schroeter M., Saleh A., Imaging inflammation in acute brain ischemia. Stroke 2007 38 2 642 645 2-s2.0-33846596215 10.1161/01.STR.0000250048. 42916.ad (Pubitemid 46184233)
166. Chan P. H., Reactive oxygen radicals in signaling and damage in the ischemic brain. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2001 21 1 2 14 (Pubitemid 32036708)
167. Xu K., Puchowicz M. A., Sun X., Lamanna J. C., Mitochondrial dysfunction in aging rat brain following transient global ischemia. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2008 614 379 386 2-s2.0-41649105149 10.1007/978-0-387- 74911-2-42
168. Canuelo A, Siles E., Martinez-Romero R., Peinado M. A., Martinez-Lara E., The nitric oxide system response to hypoxia/reoxygenation in the aged cerebral cortex. Experimental Gerontology 2007 42 12 1137 1145 (Pubitemid 350061108)
169. Huang Z., Huang P. L., Ma J., Enlarged infarcts in endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mice are attenuated by nitro-L-arginine. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 1996 16 5 981 987 (Pubitemid 26292066)
170. Hara H., Huang P. L., Panahian N., Fishman M. C., Moskowitz M. A., Reduced brain edema and infarction volume in mice lacking the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase after transient MCA occlusion. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 1996 16 4 605 611 (Pubitemid 26227069)
171. Eliasson M. J., Huang Z., Ferrante R. J., Sasamata M., Molliver M. E., Snyder S. H., Moskowitz M. A., Neuronal nitric oxide synthase activation and peroxynitrite formation in ischemic stroke linked to neural damage. Journal of Neuroscience 1999 19 14 5910 5918 2-s2.0-0033565586 (Pubitemid 29327926)
172. Martinez-Lara E., Canuelo A. R., Siles E., Constitutive nitric oxide synthases are responsible for the nitric oxide production in the ischemic aged cerebral cortex. Brain Research 2005 1054 1 88 94 (Pubitemid 41188133)
173. Lapchak P. A., Araujo D. M., Advances in ischemic stroke treatment: neuroprotective and combination therapies. Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs 2007 12 1 97 112 2-s2.0-33947652677 10.1517/14728214.12.1.97 (Pubitemid 46499497)
174. Qu K., Chen C. P., Halliwell B., Moore P. K., Wong P. T. H., Hydrogen sulfide is a mediator of cerebral ischemic damage. Stroke 2006 37 3 889 893 2-s2.0-33645081754 10.1161/01.STR.0000204184.34946.41 (Pubitemid 43731927)
175. Wong P. T., Qu K., Chimon G. N., High plasma cyst(e)ine level may indicate poor clinical outcome in patients with acute stroke: possible involvement of hydrogen sulfide. Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology 2006 65 2 109 115
176. Hu L. F., Wong P. T. H., Moore P. K., Bian J. S., Hydrogen sulfide attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in microglia. Journal of Neurochemistry 2007 100 4 1121 1128 2-s2.0-33846817478 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04283.x (Pubitemid 46213934)
177. Lowicka E., Beltowski J., Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-the third gas of interest for pharmacologists. Pharmacological Reports 2007 59 1 4 24 (Pubitemid 46522698)
178. Graeme H., B vitamins in patients with recent transient ischaemic attack or stroke in the VITAmins TO Prevent Stroke (VITATOPS) trial: a randomised, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet Neurology 2010 9 9 855 865 2-s2.0-77955656519 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70187-3
179. Sesso H. D., Buring J. E., Christen W. G., Kurth T., Belanger C., MacFadyen J., Bubes V., Manson J. E., Glynn R. J., Gaziano J. M., Vitamins E and C in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in men: the physicians' health study II randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 2008 300 18 2123 2133 2-s2.0-56149111693 10.1001/jama.2008.600
180. Hemila H., Kaprio J., Vitamin E may affect the life expectancy of men, depending on dietary vitamin C intake and smoking. Age Ageing 2011 40 2 215 220
181. Green A. R., Pharmacological approaches to acute ischaemic stroke: reperfusion certainly, neuroprotection possibly. The British Journal of Pharmacology 2008 153 supplement 1 S325 S338 (Pubitemid 351340997)
182. Lapchak P. A., A critical assessment of edaravone acute ischemic stroke efficacy trials: Is edaravone an effective neuroprotective therapy? Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 2010 11 10 1753 1763 2-s2.0-77953648503 10.1517/14656566.2010.493558
183. Yagi K., Kitazato K. T., Uno M., Tada Y., Kinouchi T., Shimada K., Nagahiro S., Edaravone, a free radical scavenger, inhibits MMP-9-related brain hemorrhage in rats treated with tissue plasminogen activator. Stroke 2009 40 2 626 631 2-s2.0-60549111009 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.520262
184. Lee B. J., Egi Y., van Leyen K., Lo E. H., Arai K., Edaravone, a free radical scavenger, protects components of the neurovascular unit against oxidative stress in vitro. Brain Research 2010 1307 22 27 2-s2.0-70749150769 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.10.026
185. Amaro S., Planas A. M., Chamorro A., Uric acid administration in patients with acute stroke: a novel approach to neuroprotection. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 2008 8 2 259 270 2-s2.0-39549086157 10.1586/14737175.8.2.259 (Pubitemid 351281113)
186. Gonzalez-Ibarra F. P., Varon J, Lopez-Meza E. G., Therapeutic hypothermia: critical review of the molecular mechanisms of action. Frontiers in Neurology 2011 2 4 10.3389/fneur.2011.00004
187. Ji X., Luo Y., Ling F., Mild hypothermia diminishes oxidative DNA damage and pro-death signaling events after cerebral ischemia: a mechanism for neuroprotection. Frontiers in Bioscience 2007 12 1737 1747 (Pubitemid 46846804)
188. Florian B., Vintilescu R., Balseanu A. T., Buga A. M., Grisk O., Walker L. C., Kessler C., Popa-Wagner A., Long-term hypothermia reduces infarct volume in aged rats after focal ischemia. Neuroscience Letters 2008 438 2 180 185 2-s2.0-43849083902 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.04.020
189. Dietrich W. D., Atkins C. M., Bramlett H. M., Protection in animal models of brain and spinal cord injury with mild to moderate hypothermia. Journal of Neurotrauma 2009 26 3 301 312 2-s2.0-62649129002 10.1089/neu.2008.0806
190. Lyden P. D., Krieger D., Yenari M., Dietrich W. D., Therapeutic hypothermia for acute stroke. International Journal of Stroke 2006 1 1 9 19 2-s2.0-33646703742 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2005.00011.x (Pubitemid 43740667)
191. Tang X. N., Liu L., Yenari M. A., Combination therapy with hypothermia for treatment of cerebral ischemia. Journal of Neurotrauma 2009 26 3 325 331 2-s2.0-62649146471 10.1089/neu.2008.0594
192. Ohta H., Terao Y., Shintani Y., Kiyota Y., Therapeutic time window of post-ischemic mild hypothermia and the gene expression associated with the neuroprotection in rat focal cerebral ischemia. Neuroscience Research 2007 57 3 424 433 2-s2.0-33847122561 10.1016/j.neures.2006.12.002 (Pubitemid 46283078)
193. Heo J. H., Lucero J., Abumiya T., Koziol J. A., Copeland B. R., del Zoppo G. J., Matrix metalloproteinases increase very early during experimental focal cerebral ischemia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 1999 19 6 624 633 (Pubitemid 30161214)
194. Montaner J., Alvarez-Sabín J., Molina C., Anglés A., Abilleira S., Arenillas J., González M. A., Monasterio J., Matrix metalloproteinase expression after human cardioembolic stroke: temporal profile and relation to neurological impairment. Stroke 2001 32 8 1759 1766 2-s2.0-0034893137 (Pubitemid 32772204)
195. Asahi M., Asahi K., Jung J. C., del Zoppo G. J., Fini M. E., Lo E. H., Role for matrix metalloproteinase 9 after focal cerebral ischemia: effects of gene knockout and enzyme inhibition with BB-94. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2000 20 12 1681 1689
196. Svedin P., Hagberg H., Sävman K., Zhu C., Mallard C., Matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene knock-out protects the immature brain after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia. Journal of Neuroscience 2007 27 7 1511 1518 2-s2.0-33847092562 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4391-06.2007 (Pubitemid 46280068)
197. Castellanos M., Leira R., Serena J., Pumar J. M., Lizasoain I., Castillo J., Davalos A., Plasma metalloproteinase-9 concentration predicts hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2003 34 1 40 46 2-s2.0-0037224938 10.1161/01.STR.0000046764.57344.31 (Pubitemid 36070797)
198. Montaner J., Molina C. A., Monasterio J., Abilleira S., Arenillas J. F., Ribó M., Quintana M., Alvarez-Sabín J., Matrix metalloproteinase-9 pretreatment level predicts intracranial hemorrhagic complications after thrombolysis in human stroke. Circulation 2003 107 4 598 603 2-s2.0-0037418038 10.1161/01.CIR.0000046451.38849.90 (Pubitemid 36176811)
199. Sood R. R., Taheri S., Candelario-Jalil E., Estrada E. Y., Rosenberg G. A., Early beneficial effect of matrix metalloproteinase inhibition on blood-brain barrier permeability as measured by magnetic resonance imaging countered by impaired long-term recovery after stroke in rat brain. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2008 28 2 431 438 (Pubitemid 351161291)
200. Asahi M., Asahi K., Jung J. C., del Zoppo G. J., Fini M. E., Lo E. H., Role for matrix metalloproteinase 9 after focal cerebral ischemia: effects of gene knockout and enzyme inhibition with BB-94. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2000 20 12 1681 1689
201. Jiang X. F., Namura S., Nagata I., Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor KB-R7785 attenuates brain damage resulting from permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Neuroscience Letters 2001 305 1 41 44 2-s2.0-0035370582 10.1016/S0304-3940(01)01800-6 (Pubitemid 32436470)
202. Gu Z., Cui J., Brown S., Fridman R., Mobashery S., Strongin A. Y., Lipton S. A., A highly specific inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-9 rescues laminin from proteolysis and neurons from apoptosis in transient focal cerebral ischemia. Journal of Neuroscience 2005 25 27 6401 6408 2-s2.0-21844450866 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1563-05.2005 (Pubitemid 40962536)
203. Asahi M., Sumii T., Fini M. E., Itohara S., Lo E. H., Matrix metalloproteinase 2 gene knockout has no effect on acute brain injury after focal ischemia. NeuroReport 2001 12 13 3003 3007 2-s2.0-0035903828 (Pubitemid 32882025)
204. Dimitrijevic O. B., Stamatovic S. M., Keep R. F., Andjelkovic A. V., Effects of the chemokine CCL2 on blood-brain barrier permeability during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2006 26 6 797 810
205. Wagner S., Tagaya M., Koziol J. A., Quaranta V., Del Zoppo G. J., Rapid disruption of an astrocyte interaction with the extracellular matrix mediated by integrin α 6 β 4 during focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Stroke 1997 28 4 858 865 2-s2.0-0030934096 (Pubitemid 27161475)
206. Grinberg L. T., Thal D. R., Vascular pathology in the aged human brain. Acta Neuropathologica 2010 119 3 277 290 2-s2.0-77953026083 10.1007/s00401-010- 0652-7
207. Wardlaw J. M., Doubal F., Armitage P., Chappell F., Carpenter T., Muñoz Maniega S., Farrall A., Sudlow C., Dennis M., Dhillon B., Lacunar stroke is associated with diffuse blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Annals of Neurology 2009 65 2 194 202 2-s2.0-62549145764 10.1002/ana.21549
208. Vasilevko V., Passos G. F., Quiring D., Head E., Kim R. C., Fisher M., Cribbs D. H., Aging and cerebrovascular dysfunction: contribution of hypertension, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and immunotherapy. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2010 1207 58 70 2-s2.0-78149274971 10.1111/j.1749-6632. 2010.05786.x
209. Nagaraja T. N., Keenan K. A., Fenstermacher J. D., Knight R. A., Acute leakage patterns of fluorescent plasma flow markers after transient focal cerebral ischemia suggest large openings in blood-brain barrier. Microcirculation 2008 15 1 1 14 2-s2.0-38049125577 10.1080/10739680701409811
210. Zeevi N., Chhabra J., Silverman I. E., Lee N. S., McCullough L. D., Acute stroke management in the elderly. Cerebrovascular Diseases 2007 23 4 304 308 2-s2.0-33947197039 10.1159/000098332 (Pubitemid 46425800)
211. Zeevi N., Pachter J., McCullough L. D., Wolfson L., Kuchel G. A., The blood-brain barrier: geriatric relevance of a critical brain-body interface. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2010 58 9 1749 1757 2-s2.0-77956326640 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03011.x
212. Israeli D., Tanne D., Daniels D., Last D., Shneor R., Guez D., Landau E., Roth Y., Ocherashvilli A., Bakon M., Hoffman C., Weinberg A., Volk T., Mardor Y., The application of MRI for depiction of subtle blood brain barrier disruption in stroke. International Journal of Biological Sciences 2010 6 7 845 852 2-s2.0-78650583373
213. Emsley H. C., Smith C. J., Gavin C. M., Georgiou R. F., Vail A., Barberan E. M., Hallenbeck J. M., Del Zoppo G. J., Rothwell N. J., Tyrrell P. J., Hopkins S. J., An early and sustained peripheral inflammatory response in acute ischaemic stroke: relationships with infection and atherosclerosis. Journal of Neuroimmunology 2003 139 1-2 93 101 2-s2.0-0037532616 10.1016/S0165-5728(03) 00134-6 (Pubitemid 36694395)
214. Yoshimoto Y., Tanaka Y., Hoya K., Acute systemic inflammatory response syndrome in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 2001 32 9 1989 1993 2-s2.0-0034834393 (Pubitemid 32868085)
215. Emsley H. C., Smith C. J., Georgiou R. F., Vail A., Tyrrell P. J., Barberan E. M., Rothwell N. J., Hopkins S. J., Audebert H., Haberl R. L., Correlation of systemic inflammatory response with infarct volume in acute ischemic stroke patients. Stroke 2005 36 2 228 229 2-s2.0-19944433324 (Pubitemid 40170792)
216. Marchiori P. E., Lino A. M. M., Hirata M. T. A., Carvalho N. B., Brotto M. W. I., Scaff M., Occurrence of nervous system involvement in SIRS. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2006 250 1-2 147 152 2-s2.0-33750532063 10.1016/j.jns.2006.08.015 (Pubitemid 44665948)
217. Wong A. A., Davis J. P., Schluter P. J., Henderson R. D., O'Sullivan J. D., Read S. J., The time course and determinants of temperature within the first 48 h after ischaemic stroke. Cerebrovascular Diseases 2007 24 1 104 110 2-s2.0-34347388001 10.1159/000103124 (Pubitemid 47026149)
218. Leira R., Rodriguez-Yanez M., Castellanos M., Hyperthermia is a surrogate marker of inflammation-mediated cause of brain damage in acute ischaemic stroke. Journal of Internal Medicine 2006 260 4 343 349 (Pubitemid 44370907)
219. Noor R., Wang C. X., Shuaib A., Effects of hyperthermia on infarct volume in focal embolic model of cerebral ischemia in rats. Neuroscience Letters 2003 349 2 130 132 2-s2.0-0142121446 10.1016/S0304-3940(03)00802-4 (Pubitemid 37297830)
220. Hemmen T. M., Raman R., Guluma K. Z., Meyer B. C., Gomes J. A., Cruz-Flores S., Wijman C. A., Rapp K. S., Grotta J. C., Lyden P. D., Intravenous thrombolysis plus hypothermia for acute treatment of ischemic stroke (ICTuS-L): final results. Stroke 2010 41 10 2265 2270 2-s2.0-77957994535 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.592295
221. Emsley H. C., Hopkins S. J., Acute ischaemic stroke and infection: recent and emerging concepts. The Lancet Neurology 2008 7 4 341 353 2-s2.0-40749120506 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70061-9 (Pubitemid 351380535)
222. Sheng A. Z., Shen Q., Cordato D., Zhang Y. Y., Yin Chan D. K., Delirium within three days of stroke in a cohort of elderly patients. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2006 54 8 1192 1198 2-s2.0-33746687890 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00806.x (Pubitemid 44166522)
223. Whitehead S. N., Cheng G., Hachinski V. C., Cechetto D. F., Progressive increase in infarct size, neuroinflammation, and cognitive deficits in the presence of high levels of amyloid. Stroke 2007 38 12 3245 3250 2-s2.0-36448932405 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.492660 (Pubitemid 350175744)
224. Rothenburg L. S., Herrmann N., Swardfager W., Black S. E., Tennen G., Kiss A., Gladstone D. J., Ween J., Snaiderman A., Lanctôt K. L., The relationship between inflammatory markers and post stroke cognitive impairment. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 2010 23 3 199 205 2-s2.0-77955521326 10.1177/0891988710373598
225. Buchhold B., Mogoanta L., Suofu Y., Hamm A., Walker L., Kessler C., Popa-Wagner A., Environmental enrichment improves functional and neuropathological indices following stroke in young and aged rats. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience 2007 25 5-6 467 484 2-s2.0-42149145248 (Pubitemid 351525710)
226. Lobo R. A., Menopause and stroke and the effects of hormonal therapy. Climacteric 2007 10 2 27 31 2-s2.0-34548846962 10.1080/13697130701550903 (Pubitemid 47450835)
227. Liu M., Dziennis S., Hurn P. D., Alkayed N. J., Mechanisms of gender-linked ischemic brain injury. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience 2009 27 3 163 179 2-s2.0-68149168835 10.3233/RNN-2009-0467
228. Basaria S., Coviello A. D., Travison T. G., Storer T. W., Farwell W. R., Jette A. M., Eder R., Tennstedt S., Ulloor J., Zhang A., Choong K., Lakshman K. M., Mazer N. A., Miciek R., Krasnoff J., Elmi A., Knapp P. E., Brooks B., Appleman E., Aggarwal S., Bhasin G., Hede-Brierley L., Bhatia A., Collins L., LeBrasseur N., Fiore L. D., Bhasin S., Adverse events associated with testosterone administration. The New England Journal of Medicine 2010 363 2 109 122 2-s2.0-77954421915 10.1056/NEJMoa1000485
229. Singh T., Newman A. B., Inflammatory markers in population studies of aging. Ageing Research Reviews 2010 10 3 319 329
230. Wassel C. L., Barrett-Connor E., Laughlin G. A., Association of circulating C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 with longevity into the 80s and 90s: the Rancho Bernardo Study. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 2010 95 10 4748 4755
231. Di Napoli M., Schwaninger M., Cappelli R., Ceccarelli E., Di Gianfilippo G., Donati C., Emsley H. C. A., Forconi S., Hopkins S. J., Masotti L., Muir K. W., Paciucci A., Papa F., Roncacci S., Sander D., Sander K., Smith C. J., Stefanini A., Weber D., Evaluation of C-reactive protein measurement for assessing the risk and prognosis in ischemic stroke: a statement for health care professionals from the CRP Pooling Project members. Stroke 2005 36 6 1316 1329 2-s2.0-20444381235 10.1161/01.STR.0000165929.78756.ed (Pubitemid 40798763)
232. Rallidis L. S., Vikelis M., Panagiotakos D. B., Liakos G. K., Krania E., Kremastinos D. T., Usefulness of inflammatory and haemostatic markers to predict short-term risk for death in middle-aged ischaemic stroke patients. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 2008 117 6 415 420 (Pubitemid 351643673)
233. Winbeck K., Poppert H., Etgen T., Conrad B., Sander D., Prognostic relevance of early serial C-reactive protein measurements after first ischemic stroke. Stroke 2002 33 10 2459 2464 2-s2.0-0036792815 10.1161/01.STR.0000029828. 51413.82
234. Rost N. S., Wolf P. A., Kase C. S., Kelly-Hayes M., Silbershatz H., Massaro J. M., D'Agostino R. B., Franzblau C., Wilson P. W. F., Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and risk of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: the Framingham study. Stroke 2001 32 11 2575 2579 2-s2.0-0035170373 (Pubitemid 33055308)
235. Ridker P. M., The time for cardiovascular inflammation reduction trials has arrived: how low to go for hsCRP? Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2008 28 7 1222 1224
236. Shintani Y., Terao Y., Ohta H., Molecular mechanisms underlying hypothermia-induced neuroprotection. Stroke Research and Treatment 2011 2011 9 809874 10.4061/2011/809874