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Volumn 111, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 2318-2329

Electrical contacts to organic molecular films by metal evaporation: Effect of contacting details

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ELECTRIC CONTACTS; ELECTRON BEAMS; EVAPORATION; INTERFACES (MATERIALS); SUBSTRATES;

EID: 33847375931     PISSN: 19327447     EISSN: 19327455     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jp065357p     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (73)

References (83)
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    • (1998) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 852
    • Aviram, A.1    Ratner, M.2
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    • Ph.D. Thesis, Weizmann Institute of Science
    • Vilan, A. Ph.D. Thesis, Weizmann Institute of Science, 2002.
    • (2002)
    • Vilan, A.1
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    • We use here as the relevant dipole moment that of the molecule bound to the GaAs surface, as calculated in ref 39, rather than the free molecule's dipole moment, as we did in earlier work. We note that, as noted also in ref 47, the general trends are very similar, reflecting the changes within the series of molecules with identical binding group
    • We use here as the relevant dipole moment that of the molecule bound to the GaAs surface, as calculated in ref 39, rather than the free molecule's dipole moment, as we did in earlier work. We note that, as noted also in ref 47, the general trends are very similar, reflecting the changes within the series of molecules with identical binding group.
  • 46
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    • Frisch, M. J, Trucks, G. W, Schlegel, H. B, Scuseria, G. E, Robb, M. A, Cheeseman, J. R, Montgomery, J. A, Jr, Vreven, T, Kudin, K. N, Burant, J. C, Millam, J. M, Iyengar, S. S, Tomasi, J, Barone, V, Mennucci, B, Cossi, M, Scalmani, G, Rega, N, Petersson, G. A, Nakatsuji, H, Hada, M, Ehara, M, Toyota, K, Fukuda, R, Hasegawa, J, Ishida, M, Nakajima, T, Honda, Y, Kitao, O, Nakai, H, Klene, M, Li, X, Knox, J. E, Hratchian, H. P, Cross, J. B, Bakken, V, Adamo, C, Jaramillo, J, Gomperts, R, Stratmann, R. E, Yazyev, O, Austin, A. J, Cammi, R, Pomelli, C, Ochterski, J. W, Ayala, P. Y, Morokuma, K, Voth, G. A, Salvador, P, Dannenberg, J. J, Zakrzewski, V. G, Dapprich, S, Daniels, A. D, Strain, M. C, Farkas, O, Malick, D. K, Rabuck, A. D, Raghavachari, K, Foresman, J. B, Ortiz, J. V, Cui, Q, Baboul, A. G, Clifford, S, Cioslowski, J, Stefanov, B. B, Liu, G, Liashenko, A, Piskorz, P, Komaromi, I, Martin, R. L, Fox, D. J. K, T
    • Frisch, M. J.; Trucks, G. W.; Schlegel, H. B.; Scuseria, G. E.; Robb, M. A.; Cheeseman, J. R.; Montgomery, J. A., Jr.; Vreven, T.; Kudin, K. N.; Burant, J. C.; Millam, J. M.; Iyengar, S. S.; Tomasi, J.; Barone, V.; Mennucci, B.; Cossi, M.; Scalmani, G.; Rega, N.; Petersson, G. A.; Nakatsuji, H.; Hada, M.; Ehara, M.; Toyota, K.; Fukuda, R.; Hasegawa, J.; Ishida, M.; Nakajima, T.; Honda, Y.; Kitao, O.; Nakai, H.; Klene, M.; Li, X.; Knox, J. E.; Hratchian, H. P.; Cross, J. B.; Bakken, V.; Adamo, C.; Jaramillo, J.; Gomperts, R.; Stratmann, R. E.; Yazyev, O.; Austin, A. J.; Cammi, R.; Pomelli, C.; Ochterski, J. W.; Ayala, P. Y.; Morokuma, K.; Voth, G. A.; Salvador, P.; Dannenberg, J. J.; Zakrzewski, V. G.; Dapprich, S.; Daniels, A. D.: Strain, M. C.; Farkas, O.; Malick, D. K.; Rabuck, A. D.; Raghavachari, K.; Foresman, J. B.; Ortiz, J. V.; Cui, Q.; Baboul, A. G.; Clifford, S.; Cioslowski, J.; Stefanov, B. B.; Liu, G.; Liashenko, A.; Piskorz, P.; Komaromi, I.; Martin, R. L.; Fox, D. J. K., T.; Al-Laham, M. A.; Peng, C. Y.; Nanayakkara, A.; Challacombe, M.; Gill, P. M. W.; Johnson, B.; Chen, W.; Wong, M. W.; Gonzalez, C.; Pople, J. A. Gaussian 03, revision C.02; Gaussian, Inc.: Wallingford, CT, 2004.
  • 54
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    • The direction of the molecular dipole is positive if the negative pole of the dipole points away from the binding group, viz. away from the surface after binding
    • The direction of the molecular dipole is positive if the negative pole of the dipole points away from the binding group, viz. away from the surface after binding.
  • 56
    • 33847400910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ideality factor n = 1 for an ideal Schottky barrier. For many rectifying junctions it can be determined empirically by fitting the functional form of the experimentally observed currents (eq 1). All other factors being equal, the higher the n values are the higher the Schottky barrier height variation is, i.e., the larger the degree of inhomogeneity of the junction is.
    • The ideality factor n = 1 for an ideal Schottky barrier. For many rectifying junctions it can be determined empirically by fitting the functional form of the experimentally observed currents (eq 1). All other factors being equal, the higher the n values are the higher the Schottky barrier height variation is, i.e., the larger the degree of inhomogeneity of the junction is.
  • 59
    • 33847341548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This does not exclude physisorption of gaseous monolayers (e.g, of O2 N2, or H2O) on the substrate, especially on a cooled substrate. At room temperature and vacuum between 10-4 and 10-7 mbar, a monolayer of gaseous O2 or N2 forms on the substrate after ca. 0.02 or 20 s, respectively
    • 2 forms on the substrate after ca. 0.02 or 20 s, respectively.
  • 62
    • 33847362622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using a gas with higher atomic weight Xe or inert molecules with higher molecular weight, instead of Ar is more effective, but it is more expensive and can complicate the system
    • Using a gas with higher atomic weight (Xe or inert molecules with higher molecular weight), instead of Ar is more effective, but it is more expensive and can complicate the system.
  • 63
  • 73
    • 33847410478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metal condensation from the gas phase involves nucleation of dense particle clusters, particle growth kinetics, and film formation by coalescence. For metals such as Au, nucleation is relatively poor, which leads initially to growth of a limited number of clusters (i.e, 3-D growth, In contrast, with Pd, where nucleation is favorable, many clusters will form, grow, and quickly coalesce into a continuous film (i.e, 2-D growth, The reason is that kinks at the edges of growing Pd islands decrease the (potential energy) barriers for atoms to reach the edge 2-3-fold, relative to what is the case for Au. As a result, the probability for an atom, landing on top of a growing metal island, to reach the island's edge before another adatom lands on the same island is significantly higher for Pd than for Au. Because of this and since both metals have similar cohesive energies 3.9 and 3.8 eV for Pd and Au, respectively, formation of a continuous Au film will require thicker coverage than for P
    • Metal condensation from the gas phase involves nucleation of dense particle clusters, particle growth kinetics, and film formation by coalescence. For metals such as Au, nucleation is relatively poor, which leads initially to growth of a limited number of clusters (i.e., 3-D growth). In contrast, with Pd, where nucleation is favorable, many clusters will form, grow, and quickly coalesce into a continuous film (i.e., 2-D growth). The reason is that kinks at the edges of growing Pd islands decrease the (potential energy) barriers for atoms to reach the edge 2-3-fold, relative to what is the case for Au. As a result, the probability for an atom, landing on top of a growing metal island, to reach the island's edge before another adatom lands on the same island is significantly higher for Pd than for Au. Because of this and since both metals have similar cohesive energies (3.9 and 3.8 eV for Pd and Au, respectively), formation of a continuous Au film will require thicker coverage than for Pd and, thus, will take longer.
  • 78
    • 33847347959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coverage was estimated using a combination of several characterization techniques, viz, Kelvin probe, ellipsometry and contact angle measurements, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
    • Coverage was estimated using a combination of several characterization techniques, viz., Kelvin probe, ellipsometry and contact angle measurements, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
  • 79
    • 33847342823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2/molecule). It is therefore likely that BA can form more dense molecular domains than dC-X and, thus, induce (on the average) stronger electrostatic effects.
    • 2/molecule). It is therefore likely that BA can form more dense molecular domains than dC-X and, thus, induce (on the average) stronger electrostatic effects.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.