Anti-inflammatory effects of different drugs/agents with antioxidant property on endothelial expression of adhesion molecules

Cardiovascular and Hematological Disorders - Drug Targets

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 279-304

  Chen, Yung Hsiang ^a   Lin, Shing Jong ^a,c   Chen, Yuh Lien ^b   Liu, Po Len ^a   Chen, Jaw Wen ^a,c  

^a NATIONAL YANG MING UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^c TAIPEI VETERANS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Adhesion molecules; Antioxidants; Atherosclerosis; Endothelial cells; Inflammation; Oxidative stress

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIOXIDANT; ATORVASTATIN; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CERIVASTATIN; COMPACTIN; CYTOKINE; DICLOFENAC; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; ENDOTHELIAL LEUKOCYTE ADHESION MOLECULE 1; FLUINDOSTATIN; GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACT; HERBACEOUS AGENT; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; INDOMETACIN; INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE 1; KETOPROFEN; MAGNOLOL; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA AGONIST; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA AGONIST; PROBUCOL; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; ROSUVASTATIN; SALVIANOLIC ACID B; SIMVASTATIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; UNINDEXED DRUG; VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 1;

ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; AORTA; ARTICLE; ATHEROGENESIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHINESE HERB; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; ENZYME INHIBITION; HUMAN; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; LEUKOCYTE ADHERENCE; MONOCYTE; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM;

EID: 33845405725     PISSN: 1871529X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/187152906779010737     Document Type: Article

References (312)

1. Eriksson, E.E. Leukocyte recruitment to atherosclerotic lesions, a complex web of dynamic cellular and molecular interactions. Curr. Drug Targets: Cardiovasc. Haematol. Disord., 2003, 3, 309-325.
2. Gibbons, G.H., Dzau, V.J. The emerging concept of vascular remodeling. N. Engl. J. Med., 1994, 330, 1431-1438.
3. Ross, R. Rous-Whipple Award Lecture. Atherosclerosis: a defense mechanism gone awry. Am. J. Pathol., 1993, 143, 987-1002.
4. Cybulsky, M.I., Gimbrone, M.A., Jr. Endothelial expression of a mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecule during atherogenesis. Science, 1991, 251, 788-791.
5. Lum, H., Roebuck, K.A. Oxidant stress and endothelial cell dysfunction. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol., 2001, 280, C719-741.
6. Lander, H.M. An essential role for free radicals and derived species in signal transduction. FASEB J., 1997, 11, 118-124.
7. De Caterina, R., Libby, P., Peng, H.B., Thannickal, V.J., Rajavashisth, T.B., Gimbrone, M.A., Jr., Shin, W.S., Liao, J.K. Nitric oxide decreases cytokine-induced endothelial activation. Nitric oxide selectively reduces endothelial expression of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. J. Clin. Invest., 1995, 96, 60-68.
8. Ross, R. Atherosclerosis-an inflammatory disease. N. Engl. J. Med., 1999, 340, 115-126.
9. Lusis, A.J. Atherosclerosis. Nature, 2000, 407, 233-241.
10. van der Wal, A.C., Becker, A.E. Atherosclerotic plaque rupture-pathologic basis of plaque stability and instability. Cardiovasc. Res., 1999, 41, 334-344.
11. Thyberg, J. Re-endothelialization via bone marrow-derived progenitor cells: still another target of statins in vascular disease. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2002, 22, 1509-1511.
12. Asahara, T., Murohara, T., Sullivan, A., Silver, M., van der Zee, R., Li, T., Witzenbichler, B., Schatteman, G., Isner, J.M. Isolation of putative progenitor endothelial cells for angiogenesis. Science, 1997, 275, 964-967.
13. Takahashi, T., Kalka, C., Masuda, H., Chen, D., Silver, M., Kearney, M., Magner, M., Isner, J.M., Asahara, T. Ischemia- and cytokine-induced mobilization of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells for neovascularization. Nat. Med., 1999, 5, 434-438.
14. Roberts, N., Jahangiri, M., Xu, Q. Progenitor cells in vascular disease. J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2005, 9, 583-591.
15. Sata, M., Fukuda, D., Tanaka, K., Kaneda, Y., Yashiro, H., Shirakawa, I. The role of circulating precursors in vascular repair and lesion formation. J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2005, 9, 557-568.
16. Kitamoto, S., Egashira, K. Endothelial dysfunction and coronary atherosclerosis. Curr. Drug Targets: Cardiovasc. Haematol. Disord., 2004, 4, 13-22.
17. Ross, R. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis - an update. N. Engl. J. Med., 1986, 314, 488-500.
18. Inoue, I., Katayama, S. The possible therapeutic actions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) agonists, PPAR gamma agonists, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and calcium (Ca)-antagonists on vascular endothelial cells. Curr. Drug Targets: Cardiovasc. Haematol. Disord., 2004, 4, 35-52.
19. Tsimihodimos, V., Miltiadous, G., Daskalopoulou, S.S., Mikhailidis, D.P., Elisaf, M.S. Fenofibrate: metabolic and pleiotropic effects. Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol., 2005, 3, 87-98.
20. Ikeda, U., Shimada, K. Pleiotropic effects of statins on the vascular tissue. Curr. Drug Targets: Cardiovasc. Haematol. Disord., 2001, 1, 51-58.
21. Ogita, H., Liao, J. Endothelial function and oxidative stress. Endothelium, 2004, 11, 123-132.
22. Springer, TA. Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: the multistep paradigm. Cell, 1994, 76, 301-314.
23. McEver, R.P. Selectins. Curr. Opin. Immunol., 1994, 6, 75-84.
24. Lentsch, A.B., Ward, P.A. Regulation of inflammatory vascular damage. J. Pathol., 2000, 190, 343-348.
25. Kalogeris, T.J., Kevil, C.G., Laroux, F.S., Coe, L.L., Phifer, T.J., Alexander, J.S. Differential monocyte adhesion and adhesion molecule expression in venous and arterial endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol., 1999, 276, L9-L19.
26. Lum, H., Barr, D.A., Shaffer, J.R., Gordon, R.J., Ezrin, A.M., Malik, A.B. Reoxygenation of endothelial cells increases permeability by oxidant-dependent mechanisms. Circ. Res., 1992, 70, 991-998.
27. Gaboury, J.P., Anderson, D.C., Kubes, P. Molecular mechanisms involved in superoxide-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in vivo. Am. J. Physiol., 1994, 266, H637-642.
28. Lo, S.K., Janakidevi, K., Lai, L., Malik, A.B. Hydrogen peroxide-induced increase in endothelial adhesiveness is dependent on ICAM-1 activation. Am. J. Physiol., 1993, 264, L406-412.
29. Willam, C., Schindler, R., Frei, U., Eckardt, K.U. Increases in oxygen tension stimulate expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on human endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol., 1999, 276, H2044-2052.
30. Patterson, C., Madamanchi, N.R., Runge, M.S. The oxidative paradox: another piece in the puzzle. Circ. Res., 2000, 87, 1074-1076.
31. Cheng, T.H., Cheng, P.Y., Shih, N.L., Chen, I.B., Wang, D.L., Chen, J.J. Involvement of reactive oxygen species in angiotensin II-induced endothelin-1 gene expression in rat cardiac fibroblasts. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2003, 42, 1845-1854.
32. Lo, Y.Y., Wong, J.M., Cruz, T.F. Reactive oxygen species mediate cytokine activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases. J. Biol. Chem., 1996, 271, 15703-15707.
33. Cominacini, L., Garbin, U., Pasini, A.F., Davoli, A., Campagnola, M., Pastorino, A.M., Gaviraghi, G., Lo Cascio, V. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein increases the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species in endothelial cells: inhibitory effect of lacidipine. J. Hypertens., 1998, 16, 1913-1919.
34. Colavitti, R., Pani, G., Bedogni, B., Anzevino, R., Borrello, S., Waltenberger, J., Galeotti, T. Reactive oxygen species as downstream mediators of angiogenic signaling by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2/KDR. J. Biol. Chem., 2002, 277, 3101-3108.
35. Mueller, C.F., Laude, K., McNally, J.S., Harrison, D.G. ATVB in focus: redox mechanisms in blood vessels. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2005, 25, 274-278.
36. Lassegue, B., Clempus, R.E. Vascular NAD(P)H oxidases: specific features, expression, and regulation. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 2003, 285, R277-297.
37. Harrison, R. Structure and function of xanthine oxidoreductase: where are we now? Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2002, 33, 774-797.
38. Spiekermann, S., Landmesser, U., Dikalov, S., Bredt, M., Gamez, G., Tatge, H., Reepschlager, N., Hornig, B., Drexler, H., Harrison, D.G. Electron spin resonance characterization of vascular xanthine and NAD(P)H oxidase activity in patients with coronary artery disease: relation to endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Circulation, 2003, 107, 1383-1389.
39. Guthikonda, S., Sinkey, C., Barenz, T., Haynes, W.G. Xanthine oxidase inhibition reverses endothelial dysfunction in heavy smokers. Circulation, 2003, 107, 416-421.
40. Vasquez-Vivar, J., Kalyanaraman, B., Martasek, P., Hogg, N., Masters, B.S., Karoui, H., Tordo, P., Pritchard, K.A., Jr. Superoxide generation by endothelial nitric oxide synthase: the influence of cofactors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1998, 95, 9220-9225.
41. Touyz, R.M., Schiffirin, E.L. Reactive oxygen species in vascular biology: implications in hypertension. Histochem. Cell Biol., 2004, 122, 339-352.
42. Chen, J., Mehta, J.L. Role of oxidative stress in coronary heart disease. Indian Heart J., 2004, 56, 163-173.
43. Warnholtz, A., Nickenig, G., Schulz, E., Macharzina, R., Brasen, J.H., Skatchkov, M., Heitzer, T., Stasch, J.P., Griendling, K.K., Harrison, D.G., Bohm, M., Meinertz, T., Munzel, T. Increased NADH-oxidase-mediated superoxide production in the early stages of atherosclerosis: evidence for involvement of the renin-angiotensin system. Circulation, 1999, 99, 2027-2033.
44. Berliner, J.A., Heinecke, J.W. The role of oxidized lipoproteins in atherogenesis. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 1996, 20, 707-727.
45. Heinecke, J.W. Oxidants and antioxidants in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: implications for the oxidized low density lipoprotein hypothesis. Atherosclerosis, 1998, 141, 1-15.
46. Li, D., Chen, H., Romeo, F., Sawamura, T., Saldeen, T., Mehta, J.L. Statins modulate oxidized low-density lipoprotein-mediated adhesion molecule expression in human coronary artery endothelial cells: role of LOX-1. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2002, 302, 601-605.
47. Takemoto, M., Liao, J.K. Pleiotropic effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitors. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2001, 21, 1712-1719.
48. Finkel, T. Redox-dependent signal transduction. FEBS Lett., 2000, 476, 52-54.
49. Yoshizumi, M., Tsuchiya, K., Tamaki, T. Signal transduction of reactive oxygen species and mitogen-activated protein kinases in cardiovascular disease. J. Med. Invest., 2001, 48, 11-24.
50. Lin, S.J., Shyue, S.K., Hung, Y.Y., Chen, Y.H., Ku, H.H., Chen, J.W., Tam, K.B., Chen, Y.L. Superoxide dismutase inhibits the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intracellular cell adhesion, molecule-1 induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human endothelial cells through the JNK/p38 pathways. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2005, 25, 334-340.
51. Lin, S.J., Shyue, S.K., Liu, P.L., Chen, Y.H., Ku, H.H., Chen, J.W., Tam, K.B., Chen, Y.L. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of catalase attenuates oxLDL-induced apoptosis in human aortic endothelial cells via AP-1 and C-Jun N-terminal kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol., 2004, 36, 129-139.
52. Carballo, M., Conde, M., El Bekay, R., Martin-Nieto, J., Camacho, M.J., Monteseirin, J., Conde, J., Bedoya, F.J., Sobrino, F. Oxidative stress triggers STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in human lymphocytes. J. Biol. Chem., 1999, 274, 17580-17586.
53. Simon, A.R., Rai, U., Fanburg, B.L., Cochran, B.H. Activation of the JAK-STAT pathway by reactive oxygen species. Am. J. Physiol., 1998, 275, C1640-1652.
54. Maziere, C., Alimardani, G., Dantin, F., Dubois, F., Conte, M.A., Maziere, J.C. Oxidized LDL activates STAT1 and STAT3 transcription factors: possible involvement of reactive oxygen species. FEBS Lett., 1999, 448, 49-52.
55. Richard, D.E., Berra, E., Pouyssegur, J. Nonhypoxic pathway mediates the induction of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha in vascular smooth muscle cells. J. Biol. Chem., 2000, 275, 26765-26771.
56. Wung, B.S., Cheng, J.J., Chao, Y.J., Hsieh, H.J., Wang, D.L. Modulation of Ras/Raf/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway by reactive oxygen species is involved in cyclic strain-induced early growth response-1 gene expression in endothelial cells. Circ. Res., 1999, 84, 804-812.
57. Xanthoudakis, S., Curran, T. Identification and characterization of Ref-1, a nuclear protein that facilitates AP-1 DNA-binding activity. EMBO J., 1992, 11, 653-665.
58. Angkeow, P., Deshpande, S.S., Qi, B., Liu, Y.X., Park, Y.C., Jeon, B.H., Ozaki, M., Irani, K. Redox factor-1: an extra-nuclear role in the regulation of endothelial oxidative stress and apoptosis. Cell Death Differ., 2002, 9, 717-725.
59. Kim, C.S., Son, S.J., Kim, E.K., Kim, S.N., Yon, D.G., Kim, H.S., Ryoo, S.W., Lee, S.D., Irani, K., Jeon, B.H. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclcase1/redox factor-1 inhibits monocyte adhesion in endothelial cells. Cardiovasc. Res., 2006, 69, 520-526.
60. Krieglstein, C.F., Granger, D.N. Adhesion molecules and their role in vascular disease. Am. J. Hypertens., 2001, 14, 44S-54S.
61. de Prati, A.C., Ciampa, A.R., Cavalieri, E., Zaffini, R., Darra, E., Menegazzi, M., Suzuki, H., Mariotto, S. STAT1 as a new molecular target of anti-inflammatory treatment. Curr. Med. Chem., 2005, 12, 1819-1828.
62. Pfitzner, E., Kliem, S., Baus, D., Litterst, C.M. The role of STATs in inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Curr. Pharm. Des., 2004, 10, 2839-2850.
63. Laroux, F.S., Lefer, D.J., Kawachi, S., Scalia, R., Cockrell, A.S., Gray, L., Van der Heyde, H., Hoffman, J.M., Grisham, M.B. Role of nitric oxide in the regulation of acute and chronic inflammation. Antioxid. Redox. Signal., 2000, 2, 391-396.
64. Schulze, P.C., Yoshioka, J., Takahashi, T., He, Z., King, G.L., Lee, R.T. Hyperglycemia promotes oxidative stress through inhibition of thioredoxin function by thioredoxin-interacting protein. J. Biol. Chem., 2004, 279, 30369-30374.
65. Takahashi, T., Morita, K., Akagi, R., Sassa, S. Heme oxygenase-1: a novel therapeutic target in oxidative fissue injuries. Curr. Med. Chem., 2004, 11, 1545-1561.
66. Baranano, D.E., Rao, M., Ferris, C.D., Snyder, S.H. Biliverdin reductase: a major physiologic cytoprotectant. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2002, 99, 16093-16098.
67. Stocker, R., Yamamoto, Y., McDonagh, A.F., Glazer, A.N., Ames, B.N. Bilirubin is an antioxidant of possible physiological importance. Science, 1987, 235, 1043-1046.
68. Kawashima, S. The two faces of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Endothelium, 2004, 11, 99-107.
69. Dulak, J., Jozkowicz, A. Carbon monoxide - a "new" gaseous modulator of gene expression. Acta Biochim. Pol., 2003, 50, 31-47.
70. Amann, R., Peskar, B.A. Anti-inflammatory effects of aspirin and sodium salicylate. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2002, 447, 1-9.
71. Colantoni, A., de Maria, N., Caraceni, P., Bernardi, M., Floyd, R.A., Van Thiel, D.H. Prevention of reoxygenation injury by sodium salicylate in isolated-perfused rat liver. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 1998, 25, 87-94.
72. Pierce, J.W., Read, M.A., Ding, H., Luscinskas, F.W., Collins, T. Salicylates inhibit I kappa B-alpha phosphorylation, endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule expression, and neutrophil transmigration. J. Immunol., 1996, 156, 3961-3969.
73. Diaz-Gonzalez, F., Gonzalez-Alvaro, I., Campanero, M.R., Mollinedo, F., del Pozo, M.A., Munoz, C., Pivel, J.P., Sanchez-Madrid, F. Prevention of in vitro neutrophil-endothelial attachment through shedding of L-selectin by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. J. Clin. Invest., 1995, 95, 1756-1765.
74. Kopp, E., Ghosh, S. Inhibition of NF-kappa B by sodium salicylate and aspirin. Science, 1994, 265, 956-959.
75. Yin, M.J., Yamamoto, Y., Gaynor, R.B. The anti-inflammatory agents aspirin and salicylate inhibit the activity of I(kappa)B kinase-beta. Nature, 1998, 396, 77-80.
76. Grilli, M., Pizzi, M., Memo, M., Spano, P. Neuroprotection by aspirin and sodium salicylate through blockade of NF-kappaB activation. Science, 1996, 274, 1383-1385.
77. Tegeder, I., Pfeilschifter, J., Geisslinger, G. Cyclooxygenase-independent actions of cyclooxygenase inhibitors. FASEB J., 2001, 15, 2057-2072.
78. Mao, S.J., Yates, M.T., Parker, R.A., Chi, E.M., Jackson, R.L. Attenuation of atherosclerosis in a modified strain of hypercholesterolemic Watanabe rabbits with use of a probucol analogue (MDL 29,311) that does not lower serum cholesterol. Arterioscler. Thromb., 1991, 11, 1266-1275.
79. Kita, T., Nagano, Y., Yokode, M., Ishii, K., Kume, N., Ooshima, A., Yoshida, H., Kawai, C. Probucol prevents the progression of atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit, an animal model for familial hypercholesterolemia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1987, 84, 5928-5931.
80. Kaneko, M., Hayashi, J., Saito, I., Miyasaka, N. Probucol downregulates E-selectin expression on cultured human vascular endothelial cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 1996, 16, 1047-1051.
81. Fruebis, J., Gonzalez, V., Silvestre, M., Palinski, W. Effect of probucol treatment on gene expression of VCAM-1, MCP-1, and M-CSF in the aortic wall of LDL receptor-deficient rabbits during early atherogenesis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 1997, 17, 1289-1302.
82. Lau, A.K., Leichtweis, S.B., Hume, P., Mashima, R., Hou, J.Y., Chaufour, X., Wilkinson, B., Hunt, N.H., Celermajer, D.S., Stocker, R. Probucol promotes functional reendothelialization in balloon-injured rabbit aortas. Circulation, 2003, 107, 2031-2036.
83. Cote, G., Tardif, J.C., Lesperance, J., Lambert, J., Bourassa, M., Bonan, R., Gosselin, G., Joyal, M., Tanguay, J.F., Nattel, S., Gallo, R., Crepeau, J. Effects of probucol on vascular remodeling after coronary angioplasty. Multivitamins and Protocol Study Group. Circulation, 1999, 99, 30-35.
84. Cominacini, L., Garbin, U., Pasini, A.F., Davoli, A., Campagnola, M., Contessi, G.B., Pastorino, A.M., Lo Cascio, V. Antioxidants inhibit the expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 induced by oxidized LDL on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Free Radic. Biol., Med., 1997, 22, 117-127.
85. Tanaka, K., Hayashi, K., Shingu, T., Kuga, Y., Nomura, K., Kajiyama, G. Probucol inhibits neointimal formation in carotid arteries of normocholesterolemic rabbits and the proliferation of cultured rabbit vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther., 1998, 12, 19-28.
86. Chen, J.W., Chen, Y.H., Lin, F.Y., Chen, Y.L., Lin, S.J. Ginkgo biloba extract inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced reactive oxygen species generation, transcription factor activation, and cell adhesion molecule expression in human aortic endothelial cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2003, 23, 1559-1566.
87. Chen, Y.H., Lin, S.J., Ku, H.H., Shiao, M.S., Lin, F.Y., Chen, J.W., Chen, Y.L. Salvianolic acid B attenuates VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression in TNF-alpha-treated human aortic endothelial cells. J. Cell Biochem., 2001, 82, 512-521.
88. Rosenson, R.S. Statins in atherosclerosis: lipid-lowering agents with antioxidant capabilities. Atherosclerosis, 2004, 173, 1-12.
89. Pereira, E.C., Bertolami, M.C., Faludi, A.A., Sevanian, A., Abdalla, D.S. Antioxidant effect of simvastatin is not enhanced by its association with alpha-tocopherol in hypercholesterolemic patients. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2004, 37, 1440-1448.
90. Yoshida, M., Sawada, T., Ishii, H., Gerszten, R.E., Rosenzweig, A., Gimbrone, M.A., Jr., Yasukochi, Y., Numano, F. Hmg-CoA reductase inhibitor modulates monocyte-endothelial cell interaction under physiological flow conditions in vitro: Involvement of Rho GTPase-dependent mechanism. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2001, 21, 1165-1171.
91. Zapolska-Downar, D., Siennicka, A., Kaczmarczyk, M., Kolodziej, B., Naruszewicz, M. Simvastatin modulates TNFalpha-induced adhesion molecules expression in human endothelial cells. Life Sci., 2004, 75, 1287-1302.
92. Xenos, E.S., Stevens, S.L., Freeman, M.B., Cassada, D.C., Goldman, M.H. Nitric oxide mediates the effect of fluvastatin on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 expression on human endothelial cells. Ann. Vasc. Surg., 2005, 19, 386-392.
93. Omi, H., Okayama, N., Shimizu, M., Fukutomi, T., Imaeda, K., Okouchi, M., Itoh, M. Statins inhibit high glucose-mediated neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion through decreasing surface expression of endothelial adhesion molecules by stimulating production of endothelial nitric oxide. Microvasc. Res., 2003, 65, 118-124.
94. Schmidt, A., Goepfert, C., Feitsma, K., Buddecke, E. Lovastatin-stimulated superinduction of E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in TNF-alpha activated human vascular endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis, 2002, 164, 57-64.
95. Dimitrova, Y., Dunoyer-Geindre, S., Reber, G., Mach, F., Kruithof, E.K., de Moerloose, P. Effects of statins on adhesion molecule expression in endothelial cells. J. Thromb. Haemost., 2003, 1, 2290-2299.
96. Issemann, I., Green, S. Activation of a member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily by peroxisome proliferators. Nature, 1990, 347, 645-650.
97. Inoue, I., Takahashi, K., Katayama, S., Harada, Y., Negishi, K., Itabashi, A., Ishii, J. Effect of troglitazone (CS-045) and bezafibrate on glucose tolerance, liver glycogen synthase activity, and beta-oxidation in fructose-fed rats. Metabolism, 1995, 44, 1626-1630.
98. Auwerx, J., Schoonjans, K., Fruchart J.C., Staels, B. Regulation of triglyceride metabolism by PPARs: fibrates and thiazolidinediones have distinct effects. J. Atheroscler. Thromb., 1996, 3, 81-89.
99. Yoo, H.Y., Chang, M.S., Rho, H.M. Induction of the rat Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene through the peroxisome proliferator-responsive element by arachidonic acid. Gene, 1999, 234, 87-91.
100. Inoue, I., Goto, S., Matsunaga, T., Nakajima, T., Awata, T., Hokari, S., Komoda, T., Katayama, S. The ligands/activators for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and PPARgamma increase Cu2+,Zh2+-superoxide dismutase and decrease p22phox message expressions in primary endothelial cells. Metabolism, 2001, 50, 3-11.
101. Wang, M., Tafuri, S. Modulation of PPARgamma activity with pharmaceutical agents: treatment of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. J. Cell Biochem., 2003, 89, 38-47.
102. Tao, L., Liu, H.R., Gao, E., Teng, Z.P., Lopez, B.L., Christopher, T.A., Ma, X.L., Batinic-Haberle, I., Willette, R.N., Ohlstein, E.H., Yue, T.L. Antioxidative, antinitrative, and vasculoprotective effects of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist in hypercholesterolemia. Circulation, 2003, 108, 2805-2811.
103. Chen, J., Li, D., Zhang, X., Mehta, J.L. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis of human coronary artery endothelial cells: modulation by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand pioglitazone. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Ther., 2004, 9, 35-41.
104. Viberti, G.C. Rosiglitazone: potential beneficial impact on cardiovascular disease. Int. J. Clin. Pract., 2003, 57, 128-134.
105. Jackson, S.M., Parhami, F., Xi, X.P., Berliner, J.A., Hsueh, W.A., Law, R.E., Demer, L.L. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activators target human endothelial cells to inhibit leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 1999, 19, 2094-2104.
106. Wang, N., Verna, L., Chen, N.G., Chen, J., Li, H., Forman, B.M., Stemerman, M.B. Constitutive activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma suppresses pro-inflammatory adhesion molecules in human vascular endothelial cells. J. Biol. Chem., 2002, 277, 34176-34181.
107. Imamoto, E., Yoshida, N., Uchiyama, K., Kuroda, M., Kokura, S., Ichikawa, H., Naito, Y., Tanigawa, T., Yoshikawa, T. Inhibitory effect of pioglitazone on expression of adhesion molecules on neutrophils and endothelial cells. Biofactors, 2004, 20, 37-47.
108. Verrier, E., Wang, L., Wadham, C., Albanese, N., Hahn, C., Gamble, J.R., Chatterjee, V.K., Vadas, M.A., Xia, P. PPARgamrna agonists ameliorate endothelial cell activation via inhibition of diacylglycerol-protein kinase C signaling pathway: role of diacylglycerol kinase. Circ. Res., 2004, 94, 1515-1522.
109. Cominacini, L., Garbin, U., Fratta Pasini, A., Paulon, T., Davoli, A., Campagnola, M., Marchi, E., Pastorino, A.M., Gaviraghi, G., Lo Cascio, V. Lacidipine inhibits the activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB and the expression of adhesion molecules induced by pro-oxidant signals on endothelial cells. J. Hypertens., 1997, 15, 1633-1640.
110. Yamaguchi, M., Kuzume, M., Nakano, H., Kumada, K. Verapamil suppressed lymphocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cells via selective inhibition of VCAM-1 expression. Transplant. Proc., 1998, 30, 2955.
111. Yamaguchi, M., Suwa, H., Miyasaka, M., Kumada, K. Selective inhibition of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression by verapamil in human vascular endothelial cells. Transplantation, 1997, 63, 759-764.
112. Matsubara, M., Hasegawa, K. Effects of benidipine, a dihydropyridine-Ca2+ channel blocker, on expression of cytokine-induced adhesion molecules and chemoattractants in human aortic endothelial cells. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2004, 498, 303-314.
113. Yamagishi, S., Takeuchi, M. Nifedipine inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells by suppressing vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression. Drugs Exp. Clin. Res., 2004, 30, 163-168.
114. Singh, B.M., Mehta, J.L. Interactions between the renin-angiotensin system and dyslipidemia: relevance in the therapy of hypertension and coronary heart disease. Arch. Intern. Med., 2003, 163, 1296-1304.
115. Diet, F., Pratt, R.E., Berry, G.J., Momose, N., Gibbons, G.H., Dzau, V.J. Increased accumulation of tissue ACE in human atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Circulation, 1996, 94, 2756-2767.
116. Rakugi, H., Kim, D.K., Krieger, J.E., Wang, D.S., Dzau, V.J., Pratt, R.E. Induction of angiotensin converting enzyme in the neointima after vascular injury. Possible role in restenosis. J. Clin. Invest., 1994, 93, 339-346.
117. Griendling, K.K., Minieri, C.A., Ollerenshaw, J.D., Alexander, R.W. Angiotensin II stimulates NADH and NADPH oxidase activity in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Circ. Res., 1994, 74, 1141-1148.
118. Touyz, P-M., Cruzado, M., Tabet, F., Yao, G., Salomon, S., Schifffin, E.L. Redox-dependent MAP kinase signaling by Ang II in vascular smooth muscle cells: role of receptor tyrosine kinase transactivation. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 2003, 81, 159-167.
119. Li, J.M., Shah, A.M. Mechanism of endothelial cell NADPH oxidase activation by angiotensin II. Role of the p47phox subunit J. Biol. Chem., 2003, 278, 12094-12100.
120. Rueckschloss, U., Galle, J., Holtz, J., Zerkowski, H.R., Morawietz, H. Induction of NAD(P)H oxidase by oxidized low-density lipo-protein in human endothelial cells: antioxidative potential of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor therapy. Circulation, 2001, 104, 1767-1772.
121. Dijkhorst-Oei, L.T., Stroes, E.S., Koomans, H.A., Rabelink, T.J. Acute simultaneous stimulation of nitric oxide and oxygen radicals by angiotensin II in humans in vivo. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 1999, 33, 420-424.
122. Nickenig, G., Harrison, D.G. The AT(1)-type angiotensin receptor in oxidative stress and atherogenesis: Part II: AT(1) receptor regulation. Circulation, 2002, 105, 530-536.
123. Hayek, T., Attias, J., Coleman, R., Brodsky, S., Smith, J., Breslow, J.L., Keidar, S. The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, fosinopril, and the angiotensin II receptor antagonist, losartan, inhibit LDL oxidation and attenuate atherosclerosis independent of lowering blood pressure in apolipoprotein E deficient mice. Cardiovasc. Res., 1999, 44, 579-587.
124. Watanabe, Y., Suzuki, O., Haruyama, T., Akaike, T. Interferongamma induces reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress at the hepatic apoptosis. J. Cell Biochem., 2003, 89, 244-253.
125. Li, D., Chen, H., Mehta, J.L. Angiotensin II via activation of type 1 receptor upregulates expression of endoglin in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Hypertension, 2001, 38, 1062-1067.
126. Chen, H., Li, D., Sawamura, T., Inoue, K., Mehta, J.L. Upregulation of LOX-1 expression in aorta of hypercholesterolemic rabbits: modulation by losartan. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2000, 276, 1100-1104.
127. Jacobsson, L.S., Persson, K., Aberg, G., Andersson, R.G., Karlberg, B.E., Olsson, A.G. Antiatherosclerotic effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors captopril and fosinapril in hypercholesterolemic minipigs. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 1994, 24, 670-677.
128. Prasad, A., Halcox, J.P., Waclawiw, M.A., Quyyumi, A.A. Angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonism reverses abnormal coronary vasomotion in atherosclerosis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol, 2001, 38, 1089-1095.
129. Prasad, A., Tupas-Habib, T., Schenke, W.H., Mincemoyer, R., Panza, J.A., Waclawin, M.A., Ellahham, S., Quyyumi, A.A. Acute and chronic angiotensin-1 receptor antagonism reverses endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Circulation, 2000, 101, 2349-2354.
130. Schifffrin, E.L., Park, J.B., Intengan, H.D., Touyz, R.M. Correction of arterial structure and endothelial dysfunction in human essential hypertertsion by the angiotensin receptor antagonist losartan. Circulation, 2000, 101, 1653-1659.
131. Prasad, A., Quyyumi, A.A. Renin-angiotensin system and angiotensin receptor blockers in the metabolic syndrome. Circulation, 2004, 110, 1507-1512.
132. Prasad, A., Koh, K.K., Schenke, W.H., Mincemoyer, R., Csako, G., Fleischer, T.A., Brown, M., Selvaggi, T.A., Quyyumi, A.A. Role of angiotensin II type 1 receptor in the regulation of cellular adhesion molecules in atherosclerosis. Am. Heart J., 2001, 142, 248-253.
133. Dzau, V.J. Theodore Cooper Lecture: Tissue angiotensin and pathobiology of vascular disease: a unifying hypothesis. Hypertension, 2001, 37, 1047-1052.
134. Tummala, P.E., Chen, X.L., Sundell, C.L., Laursen, J.B., Hammes, C.P., Alexander, R.W., Harrison, D.G., Medford, R.M. Angiotensin II induces vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in rat vasculature: A potential link between the renin-angiotensin system and atherosclerosis. Circulation, 1999, 100, 1223-1229.
135. Cominacini, L., Pasini, A., Garbin, U., Evangelista, S., Crea, A.E., Tagliacozzi, D., Nava, C., Davoli, A., LoCascio, V. Zofenopril inhibits the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells by reducing reactive oxygen species. Am. J. Hypertens., 2002, 15, 891-895.
136. Frishman, W.H. Cardiology patient page. Beta-adrenergic blockers. Circulation, 2003, 107, e117-119.
137. Feuerstein, G.Z., Ruffolo, R.R., Jr. Carvedilol, a novel multiple action antihypertensive agent with antioxidant activity and the potential for myocardial and vascular protection. Eur. Heart J., 1995, 16(Suppl. F), 38-42.
138. Ruffolo, R.R., Jr., Feuerstein, G.Z., Ohlstein, E.H. Recent observations with beta-adrenoceptor blockade. Beneficial effects in hypertension and heart failure. Am. J. Hypertens., 1998, 11, 9S-14S.
139. Ruffolo, R.R., Jr., Gellai, M., Hieble, J.P., Willette, R.N., Nichols, A.J., The pharmacology of carvedilol. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 1990, 38(Suppl. 2), S82-88.
140. Ma, X.L., Yue, T.L., Lopez, B.L., Barone, F.C., Christopher, T.A., Ruffolo, R.R. Jr., Feuerstein, G.Z. Carvedilol, a new beta adrenoreceptor blocker and free radical scavenger, attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1996, 277, 128-136.
141. Bril, A., Slivjak, M., DiMartino, M.J., Feuerstein, G.Z., Linee, P., Poyser, R.H., Ruffolo, R.R., Jr., Smith, E.F., 3rd. Cardioprotective effects of carvedilol, a novel beta adrenoceptor antagonist with vasodilating properties, in anaesthetised minipigs: comparison with propranolol. Cardiovasc. Res., 1992, 26, 518-525.
142. Yue, T.L., Wang, X., Gu, J.L., Ruffolo, R.R., Jr., Feuerstein G.Z. Carvedilol, a new vasodilating beta-adrenoceptor blocker, inhibits oxidation of low-density lipoproteins by vascular smooth muscle cells and prevents leukocyte adhesion to smooth muscle cells. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1995, 273, 1442-1449.
143. Chen, J.W., Lin, F.Y., Chen, Y.H., Wu, T.C., Chen, Y.L., Lin, S.J. Carvedilol inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced endothelial transcription factor activation, adhesion molecule expression, and adhesiveness to human mononuclear cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2004, 24, 2075-2081.
144. Kobayashi, N., Mita, S., Yoshida, K., Honda, T., Kobayashi, T., Hara, K., Nakano, S., Tsubokou, Y., Matsuoka, H. Celiprolol activates eNOS through the P13K-Akt pathway and inhibits VCAM-1 Via NF-kappaB induced by oxidative stress. Hypertension, 2003, 42, 1004-1013.
145. Azuma, H., Banno, K., Yoshimura, T. Pharmacological properties of N-(3′,4′-dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (N-5′), a new anti-atopic agent. Br. J. Pharmacol., 1976, 58, 483-488.
146. Isaji, M., Miyata, H., Ajisawa, Y., Yoshimura, N. Inhibition by tranilast of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/vascular permeability factor (VPF)-induced increase in vascular permeability in rats. Life Sci., 1999, 63, PL71-74.
147. Nie, L., Mogami, H., Kanzaki, M., Shibata, H., Kojima, I. Blockade of DNA synthesis induced by platelet-derived growth factor by tranilast, an inhibitor of calcium entry, in vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol. Pharmacol., 1996, 50, 763-769.
148. Miyazawa, K., Hamano, S., Ujiie, A. Antiproliferative and c-myc mRNA suppressive effect of tranilast on newborn human vascular smooth muscle cells in culture. Br. J. Pharmacol., 1996, 118, 915-922.
149. Tanaka, K., Honda, M., Kuramochi, T., Morioka, S. Prominent inbibitory effects of tranilast on migration and proliferation of and collagen synthesis by vascular smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis, 1994, 107, 179-185.
150. Saiura, A., Sata, M., Hirata, Y., Nagai, R., Makuuchi, M. Tranilast inhibits transplant-associated coronary arteriosclerosis in a murine model of cardiac transplantation. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2001, 433, 163-168.
151. Matsumura, T., Kugiyama, K., Sugiyama, S., Ota, Y., Doi, H., Ogata, N., Oka, H., Yasue, H. Suppression of atherosclerotic development in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits treated with an oral antiallergic drug, tranilast. Circulation, 1999, 99, 919-924.
152. Spiecker, M., Lorenz, I., Marx, N., Darius, H. Tranilast inhibits cytokine-induced nuclear factor kappaB activation in vascular endothelial cells. Mol. Pharmacol., 2002, 62, 856-863.
153. Dawson, D.L., Cutler, B.S., Meissner, M.H., Strandness, D.E., Jr. Cilostazol has beneficial effects in treatment of intermittent claudication: results from a multicenter, randomized, prospective, double-blind trial. Circulation, 1998, 98, 678-686.
154. Umekawa, H., Tanaka, T., Kimura, Y., Hidaka, H. Purification of cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase from human platelets using new-inhibitor Sepharose chromatography. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1984, 33, 3339-3344.
155. Takahashi, S., Oida, K., Fujiwara, R., Maeda, H., Hayashi, S., Takai, H., Tamai, T., Nakai, T., Miyabo, S. Effect of cilostazol, a cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on the proliferation of rat aortic smooth muscle cells in culture. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 1992, 20, 900-906.
156. Ishizaka, N., Taguchi, J., Kimura, Y., Ikari, Y., Aizawa, T., Togo, M., Miki, K., Kurokawa, K., Ohno, M. Effects of a single local administration of cilostazol on neointimal formation in balloon-injured rat carotid artery. Atherosclerosis, 1999, 142, 41-46.
157. Tsuchikane, E., Fukuhara, A., Kobayashi, T., Kirino, M., Yamasaki, K., Kobayashi, T., Izumi, M., Otsuji, S., Tateyama, H., Sakurai, M., Awata, N. Impact of cilostazol on restenosis after percutaneous coronary balloon angioplasty. Circulation, 1999, 100, 21-26.
158. Take, S., Matsutani, M., Ueda, H., Hamaguchi, H., Konishi, H., Baba, Y., Kawaratani, H., Sugiura, T., Iwasaka, T., Inada, M. Effect of cilostazol in preventing restenosis after percutancous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Am. J. Cardiol., 1997, 79, 1097-1099.
159. Otsuki, M., Saito, H., Xu, X., Sumitani, S., Kouhara, H., Kurabayashi, M., Kasayama, S. Cilostazol represses vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 gene transcription via inhibiting NF-kappaB binding to its recognition sequence. Atherosclerosis, 2001, 158, 121-128.
160. Omi, H., Okayama, N., Shimizu, M., Fukutomi, T., Nakamura, A., Imaeda, K., Okouchi, M., Itoh, M. Cilostazol inhibits high glucose-mediated endothelial-neutrophil adhesion by decreasing adhesion molecule expression via NO production. Microvasc. Res., 2004, 68, 119-125.
161. Kleijnen, J., Knipschild, P. Ginkgo biloba. Lancet, 1992, 340, 1136-1139.
162. Varga, E., Bodi, A., Ferdinandy, P., Droy-Lefaix, M.T., Blasig, I.E., Tosaki, A. The protective effect of EGb 761 in isolated ischemic/ reperfused rat hearts: a link between cardiac function and nitric oxide production. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 1999, 34, 711-717.
163. Maitra, I., Marcocci, L., Droy-Lefaix, M.T., Packer, L. Peroxyl radical scavenging activity of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1995, 49, 1649-1655.
164. Marcocci, L., Maguire, J.J., Droy-Lefaix, M.T., Packer, L. The nitric oxide-scavenging properties of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1994, 201; 748-755.
165. Xu, J.P., Rui, Y.C., Li, T.J. Antagonistic effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on adhesion of monocytes and neutrophils to cultured cerebral microvascular endothelial cells. Zhongguo Yaoli Xuebao, 1999, 20, 423-425.
166. Lei, X.L., Chiou, G.C. Studies on cardiovascular actions of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Am. J. Chin. Med., 1986, 14, 26-32.
167. Wu, Y.J., Hong, C.Y., Lin, S.J., Wu, P., Shiao, M.S. Increase of vitamin E content in LDL and reduction of atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits by a water-soluble antioxidant-rich fraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 1998, 18, 481-486.
168. Ren de, C., Du, G.H., Zhang, J.T. Inhibitory effect of the water-soluble extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza on neutrophil-endothelial adhesion. Jpn. J. Pharmacol., 2002, 90, 276-280.
169. Ding, M., Zhao, G.R., Yuan, Y.J., Guo, Z.X. Aqueous extract of Salvia miltiorrhoza regulates adhesion molecule expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced endothelial cells by blocking activation of nuclear factor kappaB. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2005, 45, 516-524.
170. Zhou, Z., Liu, Y., Miao, A.D., Wang, S.Q. Protocatechuic aldehyde suppresses TNF-alpha-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2005, 513, 1-8.
171. Teng, C.M., Yu, S.M., Chen, C.C., Huang, Y.L., Huang, T.F. EDRF-release and Ca+(+)-channel blockade by magnolol, an antiplatelet agent isolated from Chinese herb Magnolia officinalis, in rat thoracic aorta. Life Sci., 1990, 47, 1153-1161.
172. Teng, C.M., Ko, F.N., Wang, J.P., Lin, C.N., Wu, T.S., Chen, C.C., Huang, T.F. Antihaemostatic and antithrombotic effect of some antiplatelet agents isolated from Chinese herbs. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 1991, 43, 667-669.
173. Wang, J.P., Hsu, M.F., Rating, S.L., Chen, C.C., Kuo, J.S., Teng, C.M. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of magnolol. Naunyn. Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol., 1992, 346, 707-712.
174. Shen, Y.C., Sung, Y.J., Chen, C.F. Magnolol inhibits Mac-1 (CD11b/ CD18)-dependent neutrophil adhesion: relationship with its antioxidant effect. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1998, 343, 79-86.
175. Hong, C.Y., Huang, S.S., Tsai, S.K. Magnolol reduces infarct size and suppresses ventricular arrhythmia in rats subjected to coronary ligation. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 1996, 23, 660-664.
176. Chan, P., Cheng, J.T., Tsao, C.W., Niu, C.S., Hong, C.Y. The in vitro antioxidant activity of trilinolein and other lipid-related natural substances as measured by enhanced chemiluminescence. Life Sci., 1996, 59, 2067-2073.
177. Kwon, B.M., Kim, M.K., Lee, S.H., Kim, J.A., Lee, I.R., Kim, Y.K., Bok, S.H. Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitors from Magnolia obovata. Planta Med., 1997, 63, 550-551.
178. Chen, Y.L., Lin, K.F., Shiao, M.S., Chen, Y.T., Hong, C.Y., Lin, S.J. Magnolol, a potent antioxidant from Magnolia officinalis, attenuates intimal thickening and MCP-1 expression after balloon injury of the aorta in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Basic Res. Cardiol., 2001, 96, 353-363.
179. Chen, Y.H., Lin, S.J., Chen, J.W., Ku, H.H., Chen, Y.L. Magnolol attenuates VCAM-1 expression in vitro in TNF-alpha-treated human aortic endothelial cells and in vivo in the aorta of cholesterol-fed rabbits. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2001, 135, 37-47.
180. Liou, K.T., Shen, Y.C., Chen, C.F., Tsao, C.M., Tsai, S.K. Honokiol protects rat brain from focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and reactive oxygen species production. Brain Res., 2003, 992, 159-166.
181. Govindarajan, V.S. Turmeric - chemistry, technology, and quality. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 1980, 12, 199-301.
182. Jobin, C., Bradham, C.A., Russo, M.P., Juma, B., Narula, A.S., Brenner, D.A., Sartor, R.B. Curcumin blocks cytokine-mediated NF-kappa B activation and proinflammatory gene expression by inhibiting inhibitory factor I-kappa B kinase activity. J. Immunol., 1999, 163, 3474-3483.
183. Rao, C.V., Rivenson, A., Simi, B., Reddy, B.S. Chemoprevention of colon carcinogenesis by dietary curcumin, a naturally occurring plant phenolic compound. Cancer Res., 1995, 55, 259-266.
184. Huang, M.T., Lysz, T., Ferraro, T., Abidi, T.F., Laskin, J.D., Conney, A.H. Inhibitory effects of curcumin on in vitro lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activities in mouse epidermis. Cancer Res., 1991, 51, 813-819.
185. Ahmad, M., Theofanidis, P., Medford, R.M. Role of activating protein-1 in the regulation of the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 gene expression by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273, 4616-4621.
186. Singh, S., Aggarwal, B.B. Activation of transcription factor NF-kappa B is suppressed by curcumin (diferuloylmethane) [corrected]. J. Biol. Chem., 1995, 270, 24995-25000.
187. Motterlini, R., Foresti, R., Bassi, R., Green, C.J. Curcumin, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, induces heme oxygenase-1 and protects endothelial cells against oxidative stress. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2000, 28, 1303-1312.
188. Kumar, A., Dhawan, S., Hardegen, N.J., Aggarwal, B.B. Curcumin (Diferuloylmethane) inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells by suppression of cell surface expression of adhesion molecules and of nuclear factor-kappaB activation. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1998, 55, 775-783.
189. Gupta, B., Ghosh, B. Curcuma longa inhibits TNF-alpha induced expression of adhesion molecules on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Int. J Immunopharmacol., 1999, 21, 745-757.
190. Wang, Y.P., Li, X.Y., Song, C.Q., Hu, Z.B. Effect of astragaloside IV on T, B lymphocyte proliferation and peritoneal macrophage function in mice. Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 2002, 23, 263-266.
191. Luo, Y., Qin, Z., Hong, Z., Zhang, X., Ding, D., Fu, J.H., Zhang, W.D., Chen, J. Astragaloside IV protects against ischemic brain injury in a murine model of transient focal ischemia. Neurosci. Lett., 2004, 363, 218-223.
192. Zhang, W.J., Hufhagl, P., Binder, B.R., Wojta, J. Antiinflammatory activity of astragaloside IV is mediated by inhibition of NF-kappaB activation and adhesion molecule expression. Thromb. Haemost., 2003, 90, 904-914.
193. Ernst, E., Pittler, M.H. The efficacy and safety of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.): An update of a systematic review. Public Health Nutr., 2000, 3, 509-514.
194. Kwok, B.H., Koh, B., Ndubuisi, M.I., Elofsson, M., Crews, C.M. The anti-inflammatory natural product parthenolide from the medicinal herb Feverfew directly binds to and inhibits IkappaB kinase. Chem. Biol., 2001, 8, 759-766.
195. Herrera, F., Martin, V., Rodriguez-Blanco, J., Garcia-Santos, G., Antolin, I., Rodriguez, C. Intracellular redox state regulation by parthenolide. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2005, 332, 321-325.
196. Dietrich, J.B., Zaepfel, M., Kuchler-Bopp, S. Dexamethasone represses 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine-stimulated expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the human cell line ECV 304. Cell Biol. Toxicol., 1999, 15, 269-277.
197. Schnyder, B., Schnyder-Candrian, S., Panski, A., Bommel, H., Heim, M., Duschl, A., Moser, R. Phytochemical inhibition of interleukin-4-activated Stat6 and expression of VCAM-1. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2002, 292, 841-847.
198. Kawanami, D., Maemura, K., Takeda, N., Harada, T., Nojiri, T., Saito, T., Manabe, I., Imai, Y., Nagai, R. C-reactive protein induces VCAM-1 gene expression through NF-kappaB activation in vascular endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis, 2005.
199. Patavino, T., Brady, D.M. Natural medicine and nutritional therapy as an alternative treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus. Altern. Med. Rev., 2001, 6, 460-471.
200. Chen, B.J. Triptolide, a novel immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agent purified from a Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. Leuk. Lymphoma, 2001, 42, 253-265.
201. He, Q., Zhou, H., Xue, B., Niu, D., Wang, X. Neuroprotective effects of Tripterygium Wilforddi Hook F monomer T10 on glutamate induced PC12 cell line damage and its mechanism. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao, 2003, 35, 252-255.
202. Qiu, D., Zhao, G., Aoki, Y., Shi, L., Uyei, A., Nazarian, S., Ng, J.C., Kao, P.N. Immunosuppressant PG490 (triptolide) inhibits T-cell interleukin-2 expression at the level of purine-box/nuclear factor of activated T-cells and NF-kappaB transcriptional activation. J. Biol. Chem., 1999, 274, 13443-13450.
203. Maekawa, K., Yoshikawa, N., Du, J., Nishida, S., Kitasato, H., Okamoto, K., Tanaka, H., Mizushima, Y., Kawai, S. The molecular mechanism of inhibition of interleukin-1beta-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human synovial cells by Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F extract. Inflamm. Res., 1999, 48, 575-581.
204. Chang, D.M., Kuo, S.Y., Lai, J.H., Chang, M.L. Effects of anti-rheumatic herbal medicines on cellular adhesion molecules. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1999, 58, 366-371.
205. Wu, J.A., Attele, A.S., Zhang, L., Yuan, C.S. Anti-HIV activity of medicinal herbs: usage and potential development. Am. J. Chin. Med., 2001, 29, 69-81.
206. Woo, A.Y., Cheng, C.H., Waye, M.M. Baicalein protects rat cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation damage via a prooxidant mechanism. Cardiovasc. Res., 2005, 65, 244-253.
207. Saito, F., Hori, M.T., Ideguchi, Y., Berger, M., Golub, M., Stern, N., Tuck, M.L. 12-Lipoxygenase products modulate calcium signals in vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension, 1992, 20, 138-143.
208. Chang, Y.L., Shen, J.J., Wung, B.S., Cheng, J.J., Wang, D.L. Chinese herbal remedy wogonin inhibits monocyte chemotactic protein-1 gene expression in human endothelial cells. Mol. Pharmacol., 2001, 60, 507-513.
209. Kimura, Y., Matsushita, N., Okuda, H. Effects of baicalein isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis on interleukin 1 beta- and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced adhesion molecule expression in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J. Ethnopharmacol., 1997, 57, 63-67.
210. Kimura, Y., Matsushita, N., Yokoi-Hayashi, K., Okuda, H. Effects of baicalein isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis Radix on adhesion molecule expression induced by thrombin and thrombin receptor agonist peptide in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Planta Med., 2001, 67, 331-334.
211. Huang, Y., Tsang, S.Y., Yao, X., Chen, Z.Y. Biological properties of baicalein in cardiovascular system. Curr. Drug Targets: Cardiovasc. Haematol. Disord., 2005, 5, 177-184.
212. Li, Q.L. The therapeutic effect of tetrandrine on silicosis (author's transl). Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Xi Ji Bing Za Zhi, 1981, 4, 321-323.
213. Whitehouse, M.W., Fairlie, D.P., Thong, Y.H. Anti-inflammatory activity of the isoquinoline alkaloid, tetrandrine, against established adjuvant arthritis in rats. Agents Actions, 1994, 42, 123-127.
214. Seow, W.K., Ferrante, A., Li, S.Y., Thong, Y.H. Antiphagocytic and antioxidant properties of plant alkaloid tetrandrine: Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol., 1988, 85, 404-409.
215. Seow, W.K., Li, S.Y., Thong, Y.H. Inhibitory effects of tetrandrine on human neutrophil and monocyte adherence. Immunol. Lett., 1986, 13, 83-88.
216. Liu, S.J., Zhou, S.W., Xue, C.S. Effect of tetrandrine on neutrophilic recruitment response to brain ischemia/reperfusion. Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 2001, 22, 971-975.
217. Shen, Y.C., Chen, C.F., Wang, S.Y., Sung, Y.J. Impediment to calcium influx and reactive oxygen production accounts for the inhibition of neutrophil Mac-1 Up-regulation and adhesion by tetrandrine. Mol. Pharmacol., 1999, 55, 186-193.
218. Ling, S., Dai, A., Guo, Z., Yan, X., Komesaroff, P.A. Effects of a Chinese herbal preparation on vascular cells in culture: mechanisms of cardiovascular protection. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 2005, 32, 571-578.
219. Kimura, Y., Baba, K. Antitumor and antimetastatic activities of Angelica keiskei roots, part 1: Isolation of an active substance, xanthoangelol. Int. J. Cancer, 2003, 106, 429-437.
220. Xiaohong, Y., Jing-Ping, O.Y., Shuzheng, T. Angelica protects the human vascular endothelial cell from the effects of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in vitro. Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 2000, 22, 317-323.
221. Oh, G.T., Choi, J.H., Hong, J.J., Kim, D.Y., Lee, S.B., Kim, J.R., Lee, C.H., Hyun, B.H., Oh, S.R., Bok, S.H., Jeong, T.S. Dietary hematein ameliorates fatty streak lesions in the rabbit by the possible mechanism of reducing VCAM-1 and MCP-1 expression. Atherosclerosis, 2001, 159, 17-26.
222. Habtemariam, S. Extract of corn silk (stigma of Zea mays) inhibits the tumour necrosis factor-alpha- and bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced cell adhesion and ICAM-1 expression. Planta Med., 1998, 64, 314-318.
223. McKay, D.L., Blumberg, J.B. The role of tea in human health: an update. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 2002, 21, 1-13.
224. Balentine, D.A., Wiseman, S.A., Bouwens, L.C. The chemistry of tea flavonoids. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 1997, 37, 693-704.
225. Miura, Y., Chiba, T., Tomita, I., Koizumi, H., Miura, S., Umegaki, K., Hara, Y., Ikeda, M., Tomita, T. Tea catechins prevent the development of atherosclerosis in apoprotein E-deficient mice. J. Nutr., 2001, 131, 27-32.
226. Hayek, T., Fuhrman, B., Vaya, J., Rosenblat M., Belinky, P., Coleman, R., Elis, A., Aviram, M. Reduced progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice following consumption of red wine, or its polyphenols quercefin or catechin, is associated with reduced susceptibility of LDL to oxidation and aggregation. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 1997, 17, 2744-2752.
227. Yang, T.T., Koo, M.W. Inhibitory effect of Chinese green tea on endothelial cell-induced LDL oxidation. Atherosclerosis, 2000, 148, 67-73.
228. Miura, Y., Chiba, T., Miura, S., Tomita, I., Umegaki, K., Ikeda, M., Tomita, T. Green tea polyphenols (flavan 3-ols) prevent oxidative modification of low density lipoproteins: an ex vivo study in humans. J. Nutr. Biochem., 2000, 11, 216-222.
229. Ludwig, A., Lorenz, M., Grimbo, N., Steinle, F., Meiners, S., Bartsch, C., Stangl, K., Baumann, G., Stangl, V. The tea flavonoid epigallocatechin-3-gallate reduces cytokine-induced VCAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2004, 316, 659-665.
230. Valachovicova, T., Slivova, V., Sliva, D. Cellular and physiological effects of soy flavonoids. Mini Rev. Med. Chem., 2004, 4, 881-887.
231. Clifford, A.J., Ebeler, S.E., Ebeler, J.D., Bills, N.D., Hinrichs, S.H., Teissedre, P.L., Waterhouse, A.L. Delayed tumor onset in transgenic mice fed an amino acid-based diet supplemented with red wine solids. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 1996, 64, 748-756.
232. Kris-Etherton, P.M., Keen, C.L. Evidence that the antioxidant flavonoids in tea and cocoa are beneficial for cardiovascular health. Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 2002, 13, 41-49.
233. Chen, R.S., Wu, P.L., Chiou, R.Y. Peanut roots as a source of resveratrol. J. .Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 1665-1667.
234. Mukamal, K.J., Conigrave, K.M., Mittleman, M.A., Camargo, C.A., Jr., Stampfer, M.J., Willett, W.C., Rimm E.B. Roles of drinking pattern and type of alcohol consumed in coronary heart disease in men. N. Engl. J. Med., 2003, 348, 109-118.
235. Sato, M., Maulik N., Das, D.K. Cardioprotection with alcohol: role of both alcohol and polyphenolic antioxidants. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 2002, 957, 122-135.
236. Olas, B., Wachowicz, B. Resveratrol and vitamin C as antioxidants in blood platelets. Thromb. Res., 2002, 106, 143-148.
237. Manna, S.K., Mukhopadhyay, A., Aggarwal, B.B. Resveratrol suppresses TNF-induced activation of nuclear transcription factors NF-kappa B, activator protein-1, and apoptosis: potential role of reactive oxygen intermediates and lipid peroxidation. J. Immunol., 2000, 164, 6509-6519.
238. Ferrero, M.E., Bertelli, A.E., Fulgenzi, A., Pellegatta, F., Corsi, M.M., Bonfrate, M., Ferrara, F., De Caterina, R., Giovannini, L., Bertelli, A. Activity in vitro of resveratrol on granulocyte and monocyte adhesion to indothelium. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 1998, 68, 1208-1214.
239. de Vries, J.H., Janssen, P.L., Hollman, P.C., van Staveren, W.A., Katan, M.B. Consumption of quercetin and kaempferol in free-living subjects eating a variety of diets. Cancer Lett., 1997, 114, 141-144.
240. Morel, I., Lescoat, G., Cogrel, P., Sergent, O., Pasdeloup, N., Brissot, P., Cillard, P., Cillard, J. Antioxidant and iron-chelating activities of the flavonoids catechin, quercetin and diosmetin on iron-loaded rat hepatocyte cultures. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1993, 45, 13-19.
241. Negre-Salvayre, A., Salvayre, R. Quercetin prevents the cytotoxicity of oxidized LDL on lymphoid cell lines. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 1992, 12, 101-106.
242. Gerritsen, M.E., Carley, W.W., Ranges, G.E., Shen, C.P., Phan, S.A., Ligon, G.F., Perry, C.A. Flavonoids inhibit cytokine-induced endothelial cell adhesion protein gene expression. Am. J. Pathol., 1995, 147, 278-292.
243. Avila, M.A., Velasco, J.A., Cansado, J., Notario, V. Quercetin mediates the down-regulation of mutant p53 in the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB468. Cancer Res., 1994, 54, 2424-2428.
244. Hertog, M.G., Feskens, E.J., Hollman, P.C., Katan, M.B., Kromhout, D. Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Lancet, 1993, 342, 1007-1011.
245. Middleton, E., Jr., Anne, S. Quercetin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of endothelial cell intracellular adhesion molecule-1. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 1995, 107, 435-436.
246. Kobuchi, H., Roy, S., Sen, C.K., Nguyen, H.G., Packer, L. Quercetin inhibits inducible ICAM-1 expression in human endothelial cells through the JNK pathway. Am. J. Physiol., 1999, 277, C403-411.
247. Lin, J.K., Chen, Y.C., Huang, Y.T., Lin-Shiau, S.Y. Suppression of protein kinase C and nuclear oncogene expression as possible molecular mechanisms of cancer chemoprevention by apigenin and curcumin. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl., 1997, 28-29, 39-48.
248. Panes, J., Gerritsen, M.E., Anderson, D.C., Miyasaka, M., Granger, D.N. Apigenin inhibits tumor necrosis factor-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 upregulation in vivo. Microcirculation, 1996, 3, 279-286.
249. Akiyama, T., Ishida, J., Nakagawa, S., Ogawara, H., Watanabe, S., Itoh, N., Shibuya, M., Fukami, Y. Genistein, a specific inhibitor of tyrosine-specific protein kinases. J. Biol. Chem., 1987, 262, 5592-5595.
250. McGregor, P.E., Agrawal, D.K., Edwards, J.D. Attenuation of human leukocyte adherence to endothelial cell monolayers by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1994, 198, 359-365.
251. Weber, C., Negrescu, E., Erl, W., Pietsch, A., Frankenberger, M., Ziegler-Heitbrock, H.W., Siess, W., Weber, P.C. Inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinase suppress TNF-stimulated induction of endothelial cell adhesion molecules. J. Immunol., 1995, 155, 445-451.
252. Majewska, E., Paleolog, E., Baj, Z., Kralisz, U., Feldmann, M., Tchorzewski, H. Role of tyrosine kinase enzymes in TNF-alpha and IL-1 induced expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Scand. J. Immunol., 1997, 45, 385-392.
253. May, M.J., Wheeler-Jones, C.P., Pearson, J.D. Effects of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors on cytokine-induced adhesion molecule expression by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Br. J. Pharmacol., 1996, 118, 1761-1771.
254. Weber, C. Involvement of tyrosine phosphorylation in endothelial adhesion molecule induction. Immunol. Res., 1996, 15, 30-37.
255. Bito, T., Roy, S., Sen, C.K., Packer, L. Pine bark extract pycnogenol downregulates IFN-gamma-induced adhesion of T cells to human keratinocytes by inhibiting inducible ICAM-1 expression. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 2000, 28, 219-227.
256. Packer, L., Rimbach, G., Virgili, F. Antioxidant activity and biologic properties of a procyanidin-rich extract from pine (Pinus maritima) bark, pycnogenol. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 1999, 27, 704-724.
257. Peng, Q., Wei, Z., Lau, B.H. Pycnogenol inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced nuclear factor kappa B activation and adhesion molecule expression in human vascular endothelial cells. Cell Mol. Life Sci., 2000, 57, 834-841.
258. Kerr, K.G. Cranberry juice and prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection. Lancet, 1999, 353, 673.
259. Howell, A.B., Vorsa, N., Der Marderosian, A., Foo, L.Y. Inhibition of the adherence of P-fimbriated Escherichia coli to uroepithelial-cell surfaces by proanthocyanidin extracts from cranberries. N. Engl. J. Med., 1998, 339, 1085-1086.
260. Sen, C.K., Bagchi, D. Regulation of inducible adhesion molecule expression in human endothelial cells by grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Mol. Cell Biochem., 2001, 216, 1-7.
261. Murase, T., Kume, N., Hase, T., Shibuya, Y., Nishizawa, Y., Tokimitsu, I., Kita, T. Gallates inhibit cytokine-induced nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules in vascular endothelial cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 1999, 19, 1412-1420.
262. Faruqi, R., de la Motte, C., DiCorleto, P.E. Alpha-tocopherol inhibits agonist-induced monocytic cell adhesion to cultured human endothelial cells. J Clin. Invest., 1994, 94, 592-600.
263. Islam, K.N., Devaraj, S., Jialal, I. alpha-Tocopherol enrichment of monocytes decreases agonist-induced adhesion to human endothelial cells. Circulation, 1998, 98, 2255-2261.
264. Mo, S.J., Son, E.W., Rhee, D.K., Pyo, S. Modulation of TNF-alpha-induced ICAM-1 expression, NO and H2O2 production by alginate, allicin and ascorbic acid in human endothelial cells. Arch. Pharm. Res., 2003, 26, 244-251.
265. Khachik, F., Beecher, G.R., Smith, J.C., Jr. Lutein, lycopene, and their oxidative metabolites in chemoprevention of cancer. J. Cell Biochem. Suppl., 1995, 22, 236-246.
266. Martin, K.R., Wu, D., Meydani M. The effect of carotenoids on the expression of cell surface adhesion molecules and binding of monocytes to human aortic endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis, 2000, 150, 265-274.
267. Gille, J., Paxton, L.L., Lawley, T.J., Caughman, S.W., Swerlick, R.A. Retinoic acid inhibits the regulated expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 by cultured dermal microvascular endothelial cells. J. Clin. Invest., 1997, 99, 492-500.
268. Zhang, W.J., Frei, B. Alpha-lipoic acid inhibits TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and adhesion molecule expression in human aortic endothelial cells. FASEB J., 2001, 15, 2423-2432.
269. Roy, S., Sen, C.K., Kobuchi, H., Packer, L. Antioxidant regulation of phorbol ester-induced adhesion of human Jurkat T-cells to endothelial cells. Free Radic. Biol. Med., 1998, 25, 229-241.
270. Kunt, T., Forst, T., Wilhelm, A., Tritschler, H., Pfuetzner, A., Harzer, O., Engelbach, M., Zschaebitz, A., Stoff, E., Beyer, J. Alpha-lipoic acid reduces expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and endothelial adhesion of human monocytes after stimulation with advanced glycation end products. Clin. Sci (Lond.), 1999, 96, 75-82.
271. Caulin-Glaser, T., Watson, C.A., Pardi R., Bender, J.R. Effects of 17beta-estradiol on cytokine-induced endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression. J. Clin. Invest., 1996, 98, 36-42.
272. Weber, C., Erl, W., Pietsch, A., Strobel, M., Ziegler-Heitbrock, H.W., Weber, P.C. Antioxidants inhibit monocyte adhesion by suppressing nuclear factor-kappa B mobilization and induction of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in endothelial cells stimulated to generate radicals. Arterioscler. Thromb., 1994, 14, 1665-1673.
273. Weber, C., Erl, W., Pietsch, A., Weber, P.C. Aspirin inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B mobilization and monocyte adhesion in stimulated human endothelial cells. Circulation, 1995, 91, 1914-1917.
274. Costanzo, A., Moretti, F., Burgio, V.L., Bravi, C., Guido, F., Levrero, M., Puri, P.L. Endothelial activation by angiotensin II through NFkappaB and p38 pathways: Involvement of NFkappaB-inducible kinase (NIK), free oxygen radicals, and selective inhibition by aspirin. J. Cell Physiol., 2003, 195, 402-410.
275. Dunoyer-Geindre, S., Kruithof, E.K., Boehlen, F., Satta-Poschung, N., Reber, G., de Moerloose, P. Aspirin inhibits endothelial cell activation induced by antiphospholipid antibodies. J. Thromb. Haemost., 2004, 2, 1176-1181.
276. Zapolska-Downar, D., Zapolski-Downar, A., Markiewski, M., Ciechanowicz, A., Kaczmarczyk, M., Naruszewicz, M. Selective inhibition by probucol of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in human vascular endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis, 2001, 155, 123-130.
277. Liu, G.X., Ou, D.M., Li, L.X., Chen, L.X., Huang, H.L., Liao, D.F., Tang, C.S. Probucol inhibits oxidized-low density lipoprotein-induced adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin., 2002, 23, 516-522.
278. Rezaie-Majd, A., Prager, G.W., Bucek, R.A., Schernthaner, G.H., Maca, T., Kress, H.G., Valent, P., Binder, B.R., Minar, E., Baghestanian, M. Simvastatin reduces the expression of adhesion molecules in circulating monocytes from hypercholesterolemic patients. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2003, 23, 397-403.
279. Wagner, A.H., Gebauer, M., Guldenzoph, B., Hecker, M. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase-independent inhibition of CD40 expression by atorvastatin in human endothelial cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2002, 22, 1784-1789.
280. Takeuchi, S., Kawashima, S., Rikitake, Y., Ueyama, T., Inoue, N., Hirata, K., Yokoyama, M. Cerivastatin suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced ICAM-1 expression through inhibition of Rho GTPase in BAEC. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2000, 269, 97-102.
281. Okouchi, M., Okayama, N., Omi, H., Imaeda, K., Shimizu, M., Fukutomi, T., Itoh, M. Cerivastatin ameliorates high insulin-enhanced neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion and endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression by inhibiting mitrogen-activated protein kinase activation. J. Diabetes Complications, 2003, 17, 380-386.
282. Stalker, T.J., Lefer, A.M., Scalia, R. A new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, rosuvastatin, exerts anti-inflammatory effects on the microvascular endothelium: the role of mevalonic acid. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2001, 133, 406-412.
283. Rasmussen, L.M., Hansen, P.R., Nabipour, M.T., Olesen, P., Kristiansen, M.T., Ledet, T. Diverse effects of inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase on the expression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin in endothelial cells. Biochem. J., 2001, 360, 363-370.
284. Prasad, R., Giri, S., Nath, N., Singh, I., Singh, A.K. Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3 kinase-Akt (protein kinase B)-nuclear factor-kappa B pathway by lovastatin limits endothelial-monocyte cell interaction. J. Neurochem., 2005, 94, 204-214.
285. Marx, N., Sukhova, G.K., Collins, T., Libby, P., Plutzky, J. PPARalpha activators inhibit cytokine-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human endothelial cells. Circulation, 1999, 99, 3125-3131.
286. Nawa, T., Nawa, M.T., Cai, Y., Zhang, C., Uchimura, I., Narumi, S., Numano, F., Kitajima, S. Repression of TNF-alpha-induced E-selectin expression by PPAR activators: involvement of transcriptional repressor LRF-1/ATF3. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2000, 275, 406-411.
287. Pasceri, V., Wu, H.D., Willerson, J.T., Yeh, E.T. Modulation of vascular inflammation in vitro and in vivo by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activators. Circulation, 2000, 101, 235-238.
288. Rival, Y., Beneteau, N., Taillandier, T., Pezet, M., Dupont-Passelaigue, E., Patoiseau, J.F., Junquero, D., Colpaert, F.C., Delhon, A. PPARalpha and PPARdelta activators inhibit cytokine-induced nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and expression of VCAM-1 in EAhy926 endothelial cells. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2002, 435, 143-151.
289. Reiterer, G., Toborek, M., Hennig, B. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors alpha and gamma require zinc for their anti-inflammatory properties in porcine vascular endothelial cells. J. Nutr., 2004, 134, 1711-1715.
290. Cominacini, L., Garbin, U., Pasini, A.F., Davoli, A., Campagnola, M., Rigoni, A., Tosetti, L., Lo Cascio, V. The expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells is inhibited by troglitazone through its antioxidant activity. Cell Adhes. Commun., 1999, 7, 223-231.
291. Sasaki, M., Jordan, P., Welbourne, T., Minagar, A., Joh, T., Itoh, M., Elrod, J.W., Alexander, J.S. Troglitazone, a PPAR-gamma activator prevents endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression and lymphocyte adhesion mediated by TNF-alpha. BMC Physiol., 2005, 5, 3.
292. Kurebayashi, S., Xu, X., Ishii, S., Shiraishi, M., Kouhara, H., Kasayama, S. A novel thiazolidinedione MCC-555 down-regulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in vascular endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis, 2005, 182, 71-77.
293. Cominacini, L., Pasini, A.F., Pastorino, A.M., Garbin, U., Davoli, A., Rigoni, A., Campagnola, M., Tosetti, M.L., Rossato, P., Gaviraghi, G. Comparative effects of different dihydropyridines on the expression of adhesion molecules induced by TNF-alpha on endothelial cells. J. Hypertens., 1999, 17, 1837-1841.
294. Guba, M., Steinbauer, M., Buchner, M., Frolich, D., Farkas, S., Jauch, K.W., Anthuber, M. Differential effects of short-term ace-and AT1-receptor inhibition on postischemic injury and leukocyte adherence in vivo and in vitro. Shock, 2000, 13, 190-196.
295. Guan, S., Wang, B. Effects of fosinopril and valsartan on expressions of ICAM-1 and NO in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Chin. Med. J. (Engl.), 2003, 116, 923-927.
296. Shimozawa, M., Naito, Y., Manabe, H., Uchiyama, K., Katada, K., Kuroda, M., Nakabe, N., Yoshida, N., Yoshikawa, T. The inhibitory effect of alacepril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, on endothelial inflammatory response induced by oxysterol and TNF-alpha. Redox. Rep., 2004, 9, 354-359.
297. Soehnlein, O., Schmeisser, A., Cicha, I., Reiss, C., Ulbrich, H., Lindbom, L., Daniel, W.G., Garlichs, C.D. ACE Inhibition Lowers Angiotensin-II-Induced Monocyte Adhesion to HUVEC by Reduction of p65 Translocation and AT1 Expression. J. Vasc. Res., 2005, 42, 399-407.
298. Tayeh, M.A., Scicli, A.G. Angiotensin II and bradykinin regulate the expression of P-selectin on the surface of endothelial cells in culture. Proc. Assoc. Am. Physicians, 1998, 110, 412-421.
299. Pastore, L., Tessitore, A., Martinotti, S., Toniato, E., Alesse, E., Bravi, M.C., Ferri, C., Desideri, G., Gulino, A., Santucci, A. Angiotensin II stimulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression by human vascular endothelial cells and increases soluble ICAM-1 release in vivo. Circulation, 1999, 100, 1646-1652.
300. Park, S.Y., Lee, J.H., Kim, Y.K., Kim, C.D., Rhim, B.Y., Lee, W.S., Hong, K.W. Cilostazol prevents remnant lipoprotein particle-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells by suppression of adhesion molecules and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression via lectin-like receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor activation. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2005, 312, 1241-1248.
301. Hong, J.J., Jeong, T.S., Choi, J.H., Park, J.H., Lee, K.Y., Seo, Y.J., Oh, S.R., Oh, G.T. Hematein inhibits tumor necrotic factor-alpha-induced
302. Bertelli A.A., Baccalini, R., Battaglia, E., Falchi, M., Ferrero, M.E. Resveratrol inhibits TNF alpha-induced endothelial cell activation. Therapie, 2001, 56, 613-616.
303. Pendurthi, U.R., Rao, L.V. Resveratrol suppresses agonist-induced monocyte adhesion to cultured human endothelial cells. Thromb. Res., 2002, 106, 243-248.
304. Reiterer, G., Toborek, M., Hennig, B. Quercetin protects against linoleic acid-induced porcine endothelial cell dysfunction. J. Nutr., 2004, 134, 771-775.
305. Choi, J.S., Choi, Y.J., Park, S.H., Kang, J.S., Kang, Y.H. Flavones mitigate tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced adhesion molecule upregulation in cultured human endothelial cells: role of nuclear factor-kappa B. J. Nutr., 2004, 134, 1013-1019.
306. Burke-Gaffney, A., Hellewell, P.G. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced ICAM-1 expression in human vascular endothelial and lung epithelial cells: modulation by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Br. J. Pharmacol., 1996, 119, 1149-1158.
307. Zhu, Y., Lin, J.H., Liao, H.L., Verna, L., Stemerman, M.B. Activation of ICAM-1 promoter by lysophosphatidylcholine: possible involvement of protein tyrosine kinases. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1997, 1345, 93-98.
308. Mamputu, J.C., Renier, G. Advanced glycation end-products increase monocyte adhesion to retinal endothelial cells through vascular endothelial growth factor-induced ICAM-1 expression: inhibitory effect of antioxidants. J. Leukoc. Biol., 2004, 75, 1062-1069.
309. Zapolska-Downar, D., Zapolski-Downar, A., Markiewski, M., Ciechanowicz, A., Kaczmarczyk, M., Naruszewicz, M. Selective inhibition by alpha-tocopherol of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human vascular endothelial cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2000, 274, 609-615.
310. Wu, D., Koga, T., Martin, K.R., Meydani, M. Effect of vitamin E on human aortic endothelial cell production of chemokines and adhesion to monocytes. Atherosclerosis, 1999, 147, 297-307.
311. Koga, T., Claycombe, K., Meydani, M. Homocysteine increases monocyte and T-cell adhesion to human aortic endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis, 2002, 161, 365-374.
312. Rahman, A., Anwar, K.N., True, A.L., Malik, A.B. Thrombin-induced p65 homodimer binding to downstream NF-kappa B site of the promoter mediates endothelial ICAM-1 expression and neutrophil adhesion. J. Immunol., 1999, 162, 5466-5476.