Animal models of acute myelogenous leukaemia - Development, application and future perspectives

Leukemia

Volumn 19, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 687-706

  Mc Cormack, E ^a,b   Bruserud, O ^a,b   Gjertsen, Bjorn T ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

^b HAUKELAND UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

Author keywords

Acute myelogenous leukaemia; Genetics; Mouse; Rat; Xenograft

Indexed keywords

ACETYLDINALINE; AMSACRINE; ANILIDE; ANTHRACYCLINE; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE; ASPARAGINASE; BCG VACCINE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYTARABINE; CYTOKINE; DAUNORUBICIN; DINALINE; DOXORUBICIN; FLUOROPYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVE; GEMTUZUMAB OZOGAMICIN; GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; GYRASE INHIBITOR; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; RAS PROTEIN; THEOPHYLLINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VINCA ALKALOID; VINCRISTINE;

ACUTE GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; AUTOLOGOUS BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DISEASE MODEL; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; DRUG SCREENING; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETIC ENGINEERING; GENOME ANALYSIS; GRAFT VERSUS HOST REACTION; HUMAN; IN VIVO STUDY; KNOCKOUT MOUSE; MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS; NONHUMAN; NUDE MOUSE; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCID MOUSE; TRANSGENIC MOUSE; VIRUS CARCINOGENESIS; XENOGRAFT;

EID: 18644384085     PISSN: 08876924     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403670     Document Type: Review

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167. Brox A, Glynn S, Sullivan AK. Blastic variants of rat promyelocytic leukemia produce neurologic disease. Leuk Res 1984; 8: 81-86.
168. Hoogerbrugge PM, Hagenbeek A. Leptomeningeal infiltration in rat models for human acute myelocytic and lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 1985; 9: 1397-1404.
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171. Hagenbeek A, Martens ACM, van Bekkum DW, Hermens AF, Zaat T, Hoogen-van Beugen E. Proliferation kinetics of the BNML rat leukaemia in vivo. Leuk Res 1977; 1: 99-102.
172. Schultz FW, Martens ACM, Hagenbeek A. Mathematical modelling of leukaemia (re-) growth in the rat. In: Wahlstrom B, Henriksen R, Sundby NP (eds). Proceedings of the 11th IMACS World Congress on System Simulation and Scientific Computation. Oslo: Moberg and Helli, 1985, pp 89-92.
173. Schultz FW, Martens ACM, Hagenbeek A. Computer simulation of the progress of an acute myelocytic leukaemia in the Brown Norway rat. Comput Math Appl 1987; 14: 751-761.
174. Arkesteijn GJ, Martens AC, Jonker RR, Hagemeijer A, Hagenbeek A. Bivariate flow karyotyping of acute myelocytic leukemia in the BNML rat model. Cytometry 1987; 8: 618-624.
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176. Arkesteijn GJ, Martens AC, Hagenbeek A. Bivariate flow karyotyping in human Philadelphia-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia. Blood 1988; 72: 282-286.
177. van Bekkum DW, Osterom P. Interaction of AML cells and normal haematopoietic cells: replacement or inhibition?. In: Clemensen J, Yohn DS (eds). Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Comparative Research on Leukaemia and Related Diseases, Copenhagen, October 13-17. Basel: Karger, 1976, pp 10-12.
178. Hagenbeek A, Colly LP, van Bekkum DW. Cellular kinetics of normal hematopoietic stem cells and leukemic cells in a rat model for human acute myelocytic leukemia. In: Bentvelzen P, Yohn DS (eds). Advances in Comparative Leukemia Research. New York: Elsevier /North Holland Biomedical Press, 1977, p. 475.
179. Hagenbeek A, Martens AC. The proliferative state of normal hematopoietic stem cells during progression of leukemia. Studies in the BN acute myelocytic leukemia (BNML). Leuk Res 1981; 5: 141-148.
180. Martens AC, Hagenbeek A. Kinetics of normal hemopoietic stem cells during leukemia growth before and after induction of a complete remission. Studies in a rat model for acute myelocytic leukemia (BNML). Leuk Res 1987; 11: 453-459.
181. Prins ME, van Bekkum DW. Comparison of the distribution pattern of Brown Norway myeloid leukaemia cells and L4415 lymphatic leukaemia cells in rat femoral bone marrow after i.v. infusion. Leuk Res 1981; 5: 57-63.
182. Hagenbeek A, Martens AC. Extracorporeal irradiation of the blood in a rat model for human acute myelocytic leukemia. Increased efficacy after combination with cell mobilization by low-molecular-weight dextran sulfate. Radiat Res 1981; 88: 144-154.
183. Hagenbeek A, Martens AC. Extracorporeal irradiation of the blood in a rat model for human acute myelocytic leukemia. Comparative evaluation of three treatment regimens with emphasis on cell compartment analysis. Radiat Res 1981; 85: 480-495.
184. Hagenbeek A, Martens AC. A method for extracorporeal irradiation of the blood in the rat. Radiat Res 1979; 80: 198-207.
185. Hagenbeek A, Martens ACM. Organ invasion and the kinetics of intercompartmental distribution in the BN myelocytic leukaemia. Leuk Res 1977; 1.
186. Hagenbeek A, Martens AC. Functional cell compartments in a rat model for human acute myelocytic leukaemia. Cell Tissue Kinet 1979; 12: 361-377.
187. Nooter K, Sonneveld P, Deurloo J, Oostrum R, Schultz F, Martens A et al. Repeated daunomycin administration in rats. Pharmacokinetics and bone marrow toxicity. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1984; 12: 187-189.
188. Sonneveld P, van den Engh GJ. Differences in uptake of adriamycin and daunomycin by normal BM cells and acute leukemia cell determined by flow cytometry. Leuk Res 1981; 5: 251-257.
189. Sonneveld P, Van Bekkum DW. Different distribution of adriamycin in normal and leukaemic rats. Br J Cancer 1981; 43: 464-470.
190. Nooter K, van den Engh G, Sonneveld P. Quantitative flow cytometric determination of anthracycline content of rat bone marrow cells. Cancer Res 1983; 43: 5126-5130.
191. Nooter K, Sonneveld P, Martens A, Hagenbeek A, Schultz F. Tissue distribution and myelotoxicity of daunomycin in the rat: rapid bolus injection vs continuous infusion. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1986; 22: 801-806.
192. Sonneveld P, Mulder J, van Bekkum DW. Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin for normal hematopoietic and acute myeloid leukemia cells of the rat. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1981; 5: 167-173.
193. Nooter K, Sonneveld P, Martens A. Differences in the pharmacokinetics of daunomycin in normal and leukemic rats. Cancer Res 1985; 45: 4020-4025.
194. Aglietta M, Sonneveld P. The relevance of cell kinetics for optimal scheduling of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine and methotrexate in a slow growing acute myeloid leukemia (BNML). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1978; 1: 219-223.
195. Burke PJ, Vaughan WP, Karp JE. A rationale for sequential high-dose chemotherapy of leukemia timed to coincide with induced tumor proliferation. Blood 1980; 55: 960-968.
196. Martens A, Hagenbeek A. Pulse cytophotometry of the BN myelocytic leukemia during development and during treatment with cytostatic drugs. Leuk Res 1977; 1: 103-106.
197. Aglietta M, Colly L. Relevance of recruitment-synchronization in the scheduling of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in a slow-growing acute myeloid leukemia of the rat. Cancer Res 1979; 39: 2727-2732.
198. Aglietta M, Hagenbeek A, Piacibello W, Sonneveld P, Van Bekkum DW. Effect of high doses of cytostatic drugs on cell kinetics of the acute myeloid leukemia of the BN rat and of human AML. Chemioter Oncol 1979; 3: 288-292.
199. Burke PJ, Vaughan WP, Karp JE, Saylor PL. The correlation of maximal drug dose, tumor recruitment, and sequence timing with therapeutic advantage: schedule-dependent toxicity of cytosine arabinoside. Med Pediatr Oncol 1982; 10 (Suppl 1): 201-208.
200. Burke PJ, Karp JE, Vaughan WP, Sanford PL. Recruitment of quiescent tumor by humoral stimulatory activity: requirements for successful chemotherapy. Blood Cells 1982; 8: 519-533.
201. Colly LP, van Bekkum DW, Hagenbeek A. Cell kinetic studies after high dose Ara-C and adriamycin treatment in a slowly growing rat leukemia model (BNML) for human acute myelocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 1984; 8: 945-952.
202. Colly LP, Peters WG, Willemze R. Effect of the interval between high dose 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine injections on leukemic cell load, intestinal toxicity, and normal hematopoietic stem cells in a rat model for acute myelogenous leukemia. Cancer Res 1986; 46: 3825-3827.
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206. Vaughan WP, Karp JE, Burke PJ. Two-cycle timed-sequential chemotherapy for adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Blood 1984; 64: 975-980.
207. Vaughan WP, Burke PJ. Development of a cell kinetic approach to curative therapy of acute myelocytic leukemia in remission using the cell cycle-specific drug 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in a rat model. Cancer Res 1983; 43: 2005-2009.
208. Smets LA, Taminiau J, Hahlen K, de Waal F, Behrendt H. Cell kinetic responses in childhood acute nonlymphocytic leukemia during high-dose therapy with cytosine arabinoside. Blood 1983; 61: 79-84.
209. Hagenbeek A, Martens AC. AMSA: in vivo log cell kill for leukemic clonogenic cells versus toxicity for normal hematopoietic stem cells in a rat model for human acute myelocytic leukemia (BNML). Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1986; 22: 1255-1258.
210. Ermens AA, Kroes AC, Lindemans J, Abels J. 5-Fluorouracil treatment of rat leukemia and a reappraisal of its application in human leukemia. Anticancer Res 1986; 6: 797-800.
211. Kroes AC, Ermens AA, Lindemans J, Abels J. Effects of 5-fluorouracil treatment of rat leukemia with concomitant inactivation of cobalamin. Anticancer Res 1986; 6: 737-742.
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213. Sonneveld P, van Gelder TC, van Bekkum DW. Antileukemic effect of high-dose thymidine in a rat model for acute myeloid leukemia (BNML). Eur J Cancer 1981; 17: 89-92.
214. Hagenbeek A, Weiershausen U, Martens AC. Dinaline: a new oral drug against leukemia? Preclinical studies in a relevant rat model for human acute myelocytic leukemia (BNML). Leukemia 1988; 2: 226-230.
215. el-Beltagi HM, Martens AC, Dahab GM, Hagenbeek A. Efficacy of acetyldinaline for treatment of minimal residual disease (MRD): preclinical studies in the BNML rat model for human acute myelocytic leukemia. Leukemia 1993; 7: 1795-1800.
216. Kroes AC, Lindemans J, Schoester M, Abels J. Enhanced therapeutic effect of methotrexate in experimental rat leukemia after inactivation of cobalamin (vitamin B12) by nitrous oxide. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1986; 17: 114-120.
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220. Sonneveld P, Holcenberg JS, van Bekkum DW. Effect of succinylated Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase treatment on an acute myeloid leukemia in the rat (BNML). Eur J Cancer 1979; 15: 1061-1063.
221. Lopes Cardozo B, Martens AC, Zurcher C, Hagenbeek A. Secondary tumors after high-dose cyclophosphamide and total-body irradiation followed by bone marrow transplantation in a rat model for human acute myelocytic leukemia (BNML). Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1984; 20: 695-698.
222. Zurcher C, Varekamp AE, Solleveld HA, Durham SK, De Vries AJ, Hagenbeek A. Late effects of cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation as a conditioning regimen for bone marrow transplantation in rats (a preliminary report). Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med 1987; 51: 1059-1068.
223. Martens AC, van den Engh GJ, Hagenbeek A. The fluorescence intensity of propidium iodide bound to DNA depends on the concentration of sodium chloride. Cytometry 1981; 2: 24-25.
224. Hagenbeek A, Martens AC. Efficacy of piperazinedione prior to bone marrow transplantation: studies in a rat model for human acute myelocytic leukemia. Cancer Treat Rep 1981; 65: 575-582.
225. Martens AC, Hagenbeek A. Amifostine (WR2721) for dose escalation in marrow-ablative treatment of leukemia. Eur J Cancer 1999; 35: 634-640.
226. Chu J. Experimental studies on the elimination of minimal residual leukemia in vivo by alternate half body irradiation. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 1993; 15: 12-16.
227. Hagenbeek A, Martens AC. High-dose cyclophosphamide treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia. Studies in the BNML rat model. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1982; 18: 763-769.
228. Sharkis SJ, Santos GW. Bone marrow transplantation in a BN rat model for myelogenous leukemia. Leuk Res 1977; 1: 251-252.
229. Hagenbeek A, Martens ACM. Normal tissue protection by a small priming dose of cyclophosphamide prior to high dose chemoradiotherapy in the BN acute myelocytic leukemia. In: Yohn DS, Blakeslee JR (eds). Comparative Research on Leukemia and Related Diseases. New York: Elsevier-Biomedical, 1982, pp 581-583.
230. Hagenbeek A, Martens ACM, Van Marrewijk C. Priming dose of cyclophosphamide treatment: studies in the rat model for acute myelocytic leukemia (BNML). In: Mc Vie G, Dalesio O, Smith IE (eds). Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation Workshop, Amsterdam. EORTC. Monograph Series. New York: Raven Press, 1984, pp 41-47.
231. Martens ACM, Hagenbeek A. Tumor load reduction in the treatment of leukemia with high dose radio-chemotherapy and the enhancing effect of cyclophosphamide on the regeneration of transplanted bone marrow cells. In: Blakeslee JR, John DL, John DS (eds). Advances in Comparative Leukemia Research. New York: Elsevier-Biomedical, 1982, pp 597-598.
232. Wang JY, Prorok G, Vaughan WP. Cytotoxicity, DNA crosslinking, and DNA single-strand breaks induced by cyclophosphamide in a rat leukemia in vivo. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1993; 31: 381-386.
233. Hagenbeek A, Martens AC, van Bekkum DW. Separation of normal hemopoietic stem cells from clonogenic leukemic cells in a rat model for human acute myelocytic leukemia - I. Velocity sedimentation. Leuk Res 1981; 5: 421-428.
234. Hagenbeek A, Martens AC. Separation of normal hemopoietic stem cells from clonogenic leukemic cells in a rat model for human acute myelocytic leukemia. II. Velocity sedimentation in combination with density gradient separation. Exp Hematol 1981; 9: 573-580.
235. Valet G, Fischer B, Sundergeld A, Hanser G, Kachel V, Ruhenstroth-Bauer G. Simultaneous flow cytometric DNA and volume measurements of bone marrow cells as sensitive indicator of abnormal proliferation patterns in rat leukemias. J Histochem Cytochem 1979; 27: 398-403.
236. Sharkis SJ, Santos GW, Colvin M. Elimination of acute myelogenous leukemic cells from marrow and tumor suspensions in the rat with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide. Blood 1980; 55: 521-523.
237. Hagenbeek A, Martens AC. Toxicity of ASTA Z 7557 (INN mafosfamide) to normal- and leukemic stem cells: implications for autologous bone marrow transplantation. Invest New Drugs 1984; 2: 237-243.
238. Martens AC, van Bekkum DW, Hagenbeek A. Heterogeneity within the spleen colony-forming cell population in rat bone marrow. Exp Hematol 1986; 14: 714-718.
239. Kluin-Nelemans JC, Lowenberg B, Martens ACM, Hagenbeek A. In vitro chemotherapy with ASTA-Z-7557: studies in rat and human acute myeloid leukemia. In: McVie G, Dalesio O, Smith IE (eds). Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation Workshop, Amsterdam. EORTC. Monograph Series. New York: Raven Press, 1984, p. 33.
240. Cardozo BL, Hagenbeek A. Interstitial pneumonitis following bone marrow transplantation: pathogenesis and therapeutic considerations. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1985; 21: 43-51.
241. Cardozo BL, Zoetelief H, van Bekkum DW, Zurcher C, Hagenbeek A. Lung damage following bone marrow transplantation: I. The contribution of irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1985; 11: 907-914.
242. Varekamp AE, de Vries AJ, Hagenbeek A. Lung damage in the rat after irradiation and treatment with cytotoxic drugs. Br J Cancer Suppl 1986; 7: 347-350.
243. Gowing H, Braakman E, Hagenbeek A, Lawler M, McCann SR, Pamphilon DH et al. Influence of ultraviolet-B irradiation on engraftment, graft-versus-host disease and graft-versus-leukemia effect in a rat model for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1998; 21: 801-807.
244. Kloosterman TC, Martens AC, van Bekkum DW, Hagenbeek A. Graft-versus-leukemia in rat MHC-mismatched bone marrow transplantation is merely an allogeneic effect. Bone Marrow Transplant 1995; 15: 583-590.
245. Kloosterman TC, Martens AC, Osterwalder B, Hagenbeek A. Interleukin-2 therapy after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute myelocytic leukemia: studies in a relevant rat model for AML. Bone Marrow Transplant 1994; 14: 965-973.
246. Kloosterman TC, Tielemans MJ, Martens AC, van Bekkum DW, Hagenbeek A. Quantitative studies on graft-versus-leukemia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in rat models for acute myelocytic and lymphocytic leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 1994; 14: 15-22.
247. Varekamp AE, de Vries AJ, Zurcher C, Hagenbeek A. Lung damage following bone marrow transplantation: II. The contribution of cyclophosphamide. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1987; 13: 1515-1521.
248. Hightower JA, Earnest DL, Martens AC, Zurcher C, Brouwer A, Blauw E et al. Effects of acute graft-vs-host disease on the liver of the brown Norway rat. J Leukoc Biol 1987; 42: 128-143.
249. Martens AC, van Bekkum DW, Hagenbeek A. Minimal residual disease in leukemia: studies in an animal model for acute myelocytic leukemia (BNML). Int J Cell Cloning 1990; 8: 27-38.
250. Hagenbeek A, Martens AC. Minimal residual disease in acute leukaemia: preclinical studies in a relevant rat model (BNML). Baillieres Clin Haematol 1991; 4: 609-635.
251. Hagenbeek A. Minimal residual disease in leukemia: state of the art 1991. Leukemia 1992; 6 (Suppl 2): 12-16.
252. Hagenbeek A, Martens AC. Detection of minimal residual disease in acute leukemia: possibilities and limitations. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1985; 21: 389-395.
253. Martens AC, Van Bekkum DW, Hagenbeek A. The BN acute myelocytic leukemia (BNML) (a rat model for studying human acute myelocytic leukemia (AML)). Leukemia 1990; 4: 241-257.
254. van Bekkum DW. The appearemce of the multipotential heamatopoietic stem cell. In: Baun SJ, Ledney GD (eds). Experimental Haematology Today. New York: Springer Verlag, 1977, pp 3-10.
255. Martens AC, Hagenbeek A. Detection of minimal disease in acute leukemia using flow cytometry: studies in a rat model for human acute leukemia. Cytometry 1985; 6: 342-347.
256. Martens AC, Johnson RJ, Kaizer H, Hagenbeek A. Characteristics of a monoclonal antibody (RM124) against acute myelocytic leukemia cells. Exp Hematol 1984; 12: 667-671.
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258. Martens AC, Schultz FW, Hagenbeek A. Nonhomogeneous distribution of leukemia in the bone marrow during minimal residual disease. Blood 1987; 70: 1073-1078.
259. Hagenbeek A, Martens AC. Reinfusion of leukemic cells with the autologous marrow graft: preclinical studies on lodging and regrowth of leukemia. Leuk Res 1985; 9: 1389-1395.
260. Hagenbeek A, Martens ACM. The treatment of minimal residual disease in a rat model for human acute myelocytic leukemia, in: Yohn DS, Lapin BA, Blakeslee JR (eds). Advances in Comparative Leukemia Research. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North Holland, 1980, p. 531.
261. Hagenbeek A, Martens AC. BCG treatment of residual disease in acute leukemia: studies in a rat model for human acute myelocytic leukemia (BNML). Leuk Res 1983; 7: 547-555.
262. Colly LP, Richel DJ, Arentsen-Honders MW, Kester MG, ter Riet PM, Willemze R. Increase in Ara-C sensitivity in Ara-C sensitive and -resistant leukemia by stimulation of the salvage and inhibition of the de novo pathway. Ann Hematol 1992; 65: 26-32.
263. Colly LP, Richel DJ, Arentsen-Honders W, Starrenburg IW, Edelbroek PM, Willemze R. A simplified assay for measurement of cytosine arabinoside incorporation into DNA in Ara-C-sensitive and -resistant leukemic cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1990; 27: 151-156.
264. Martens AC, de Groot CJ, Hagenbeek A. Development and characterisation of a cyclophosphamide resistant variant of the BNML rat model for acute myelocytic leukaemia. Eur J Cancer 1991; 27: 161-166.
265. de Groot CJ, Martens AC, Hagenbeek A. Aldehyde dehydrogenase involvement in a variant of the brown Norway rat acute myelocytic leukaemia (BNML) that acquired cyclophosphamide resistance in vivo. Eur J Cancer 1994; 30A: 2137-2143.
266. Brox A, Price G, Sullivan AK. An antigen related to the phenotype of multi-drug resistance can be induced in vivo and used as a target for immunotherapy of rat leukemia. Leuk Res 1985; 9: 987-992.
267. el-Beltagi HM, Martens AC, Haroun EA, Hagenbeek A. In vivo development of an acetyldinaline resistant subline of the BN rat acute myelocytic leukemia (BNML). Leukemia 1993; 7: 1275-1280.
268. Hermouet S, Lanotte M. Cholera toxin resistance associated with deficient adenylate-cyclase activity in a subclone of the rat promyelocytic leukemia (BNML). Leukemia 1989; 3: 289-293.
269. Gaiser JF, Kloosterman TC, Martens AC, Hagenbeek A. In vitro resistance of the brown Norway rat acute myelocytic leukemia (BNML) to lymphokine-activated killer activity. Leukemia 1993; 7: 736-741.
270. Xi YZ, Martens AC, Zsebo KM. Effects of recombinant stem cell factor on the proliferation in vitro of LT12 acute promyelocytic leukemic cell line. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1994; 16: 93-97.
271. Rozemuller H, Rombouts WJ, Touw IP, FitzGerald DJ, Kreitman RJ, Pastan I et al. Treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia with interleukin-6 Pseudomonas exotoxin fusion protein in a rat leukemia model. Leukemia 1996; 10: 1796-1803.
272. Rozemuller H, Rombouts EJ, Touw IP, FitzGerald DJ, Kreitman RJ, Hagenbeek A et al. In vivo targeting of leukemic cells using diphtheria toxin fused to murine GM-CSF. Leukemia 1998; 12: 710-717.
273. Guillemin MC, Raffoux E, Vitoux D, Kogan S, Soilihi H, Lallemand-Breitenbach V et al. In vivo activation of cAMP signaling induces growth arrest and differentiation in acute promyelocytic leukemia. J Exp Med 2002; 196: 1373-1380.
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