Nanolasers: Lasing from nanoscale quantum wires

International Journal of Nanotechnology

Volumn 1, Issue 1-2, 2004, Pages 42-85

  Mao, Samuel S ^a  

^a LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

Nanowire; One dimensional nanostructure; Quantum confinement; Quantum wire; Semi conductor laser

Indexed keywords

METALLORGANIC CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR BEAM EPITAXY; PHOTONS; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM WELLS; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM WIRES; TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS;

NANOMETER SCALE; OPTICAL FEEDBACK; QUANTUM WIRE LASERS;

SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS;

EID: 10844223770     PISSN: 14757435     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1504/ijnt.2004.003712     Document Type: Article

References (223)

1. Kapon, E., Hwang, D.M. and Bhat, R. (1989) Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 63, p.430.
2. Huang, M., Mao, S.S., Feick, H., Yan, H., Wu, Y., Kind, H., Weber, E.R., Russo, R.E. and Yang, P. (2001) Science, Vol. 292, p.1897; Mao, S.S., Russo, R.E. and Yang, P. (2001) Proc. SPIE, Vol. 4608, p.225.
3. Huang, M., Mao, S.S., Feick, H., Yan, H., Wu, Y., Kind, H., Weber, E.R., Russo, R.E. and Yang, P. (2001) Science, Vol. 292, p.1897; Mao, S.S., Russo, R.E. and Yang, P. (2001) Proc. SPIE, Vol. 4608, p.225.
4. Coldren, L.A. and Corzine, S.W. (1995) Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits, Wiley, New York.
5. Zory Jr., P.S. (Ed.) (1993) Quantum Well Lasers, Academic, San Diego.
6. Verdeyen, J.T. (1995) Laser Electronics, 3rd ed., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
7. Jewell, J.L., Harbison, J.P., Scherer, A., Lee, Y.H. and Florez, L.T. (1991) IEEE J. Quantum Electron., Vol. 27, p.1332.
8. Soda, H., Iga, K., Kitahara, C. and Suematsu, Y. (1979) Japan. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 18, p.2329.
9. Iga, K., Ishikawa, S., Ohkouchi, S. and Nishimura, T. (1984) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 45, p.348.
10. Koyama, F., Kinoshita, S. and Iga, K. (l989) Apppl., Phys. Lett., Vol. 55, p.221.
11. Kogelnik, H. and Shanks, C.V. (1972) J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 43, p.2327.
12. Lee, Y.H., Jewell, J.L., Scherer, A., McCall, S.L., Harbison, J.P. and Florez, L.T. (1989) Electron. Lett., Vol. 25, p. 1377.
13. Huffaker, D.L., Graham, L.A., Deng, H. and Deppe, D.G. (1996) IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett., Vol. 8, p.974.
14. Schubert, E.F., Lu, L.W., Zydzik, G.J., Kopf, R.F., Benvenuti, A. and Pinto, M.R. (1992) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 60, p.466.
15. Chalmers, S.A., Lear, K.L. and Killeen, K.P. (1993) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 62, p.1585.
16. Peters, M.G., Thibeault, B.J., Young, D.B., Scott, J.W., Peters, F.H., Gossard, A.C. and Coldren, L.A. (1993) Appl. Phys. Lett., 63, 3411.
17. Hegblom, E.R., Babic, D.I., Thibeault, B.J. and Coldren, L.A. (1997) IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., Vol. 3, p.379.
18. Yablonovitch, E. (1987) Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 58, p.2059.
19. John, S. (1987) Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 58, p.2486.
20. Painter, O.J., Lee, R.K., Scherer, A., Yariv, A., O'Brien, J.D., Dapkus, P.D. and Kim, I. (1999) Science, 284, 1819.
21. Painter, O.J., Husain, A., Scherer, A., O'Brien, J.D., Kim, I. and Dapkus, P.D. (1999) J. Lightwave Tech., Vol. 17, p.2082.
22. Hwang, J.K., Ryu, H.Y., Song, D.S., Man, I.Y., Song, H.W., Park, H.K., Lee, Y.H. and Jang, D.H. (2000) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 76, p.2982.
23. Hwang, J.K., Ryu, H.Y., Song, D.S., Han, I.Y., Park, H.K., Jang, D.H. and Lee, Y.H. (2000) IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett., Vol. 12, p.1295.
24. Song, D.S., Kim, S.H., Park, H.G., Kim, C.K. and Lee, Y.H. (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 80, p.3901.
25. McCall, S.L., Levi, A.F.J., Slusher, R.E., Pearton, S.J. and Logan, R.A. (1992) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 60, p.289.
26. Gayral, B., Gerard, J.M., Lemaitre, A., Dupuis, C., Manin, L. and Pelouard, J.L. (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 75, p.1908.
27. Purcell, E.M. (1946) Phys. Rev., Vol. 69, p.681.
28. Benisty, H., Gerard, J.-M., Houdre, R., Rarity, J. and Weisbuch, C. (Eds.) (1999) Confined Photon Systems, Springer, Berlin.
29. Arakawa, Y. and Sakaki, H. ( 1982) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 40, p.939.
30. Asada, M., Miyamoto, Y. and Suematsu, Y. (1986) IEEE J. Quantum Electron., Vol. 22, p.1915.
31. Nambu, Y. and Asakawa, K. (1995) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 67, p.1509.
32. Eisler, H.J., Sundar, V.C., Bawendi, M.G., Walsh, M., Smith, H.I. and Klimov, V. (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 80, p.4614.
33. Laude, J.-P. (2002) DWDM Fundamentals, Components, and Applications, Artech, London.
34. Murray, C.B., Norms, D.G. and Bawendi, M.G. (1993) J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 115, p.8706.
35. Efros, A.L. and Rosen, M, (2000) Anna. Rev. Mater. Sci., Vol. 30, p.475.
36. Brus, L.E. (1984) J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 80, p.4403.
37. Brus, L.E. (1986) J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 90, p.2555.
38. Kapon, E. (1992) Proc. IEEE, Vol. 80, p.398.
39. Bernard, M.G.A. and Duraffourg, G. (1961) Phys. Stat. Sol., Vol. 1, p.699.
40. Liu, G.T., Stintz, A., Li, H., Malloy, K.J. and Lester, L.F. (1999) Electron. Lett., Vol. 35, p.1163.
41. Lester, L.F., Stintz, A., Li, H., Newell, T.C., Pease, E.A., Fuchs, B.A. and Malloy, K. (1999) IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett., Vol. 11, p.931.
42. Eliseev, P.G., Li, H., Stintz, A., Liu, G.T., Newell, T.C., Maloy, K.J. and Lester, L. (2000) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 77, p.262.
43. Iga, K. (2000) IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., Vol. 6, p. 1201.
44. Yariv, A. (1988) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 53, p.1033.
45. Miyamoto, Y., Miyake, Y., Asada, M. and Suematsu, Y. (1985) IEEE J. Quantum Electron., Vol. 25, p.2001.
46. Asada, M., Miyamoto, Y. and Suematsu, Y. (1985) Japan. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 24, p.L95.
47. Alferov, Z. (2000) IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., Vol. 6, p.832.
48. Ledentsov, N.N. (2002) IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., Vol. 8, p.1015.
49. Arakawa, Y. (2002) Trans. IEICE, Vol. E85, p.37.
50. Ledentsov, N.N. (1999) Semicon., Vol. 33, p.946.
51. Cho, A.Y. (1971) J. Vac. Sci. Tech., Vol. 8, p.S31.
52. Cho, A.Y. (1971)Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 19, p.467.
53. Manasevit, H.M. (1968) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 12, p.156.
54. Dupuis, R.D., and Dapkus, P.D. (1977) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 31, p.466.
55. Panish, M.B., Temkin, H. and Sumski, S. (1985) J. Vac. Sci. Tech., Vol. B3, p.657.
56. Osbourn, G.C. (1982) J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 53, p. 1586.
57. Kash, K., Scherer, A., Worlock, I.M., Craighead, H.G. and Tamargo, M.C. (1986) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 49, p.1043.
58. Gershoni, D., Temkin, H., Dolan, C.J., Dunsmuir, J., Chu, S.N.G. and Panish, MB. (1988) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 53, p.995.
59. Maile, B.E., Forchel, A., Germann, R., Grützmacher, D., Meier, H.P. and Reithmaier, J.P. (1989) J. Vac. Sci. Tech., Vol. B7, p.2030.
60. Kohl, M., Heitmann, D., Grambow, P. and Ploog, K. (1989) Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 63, p.2124.
61. Clausen Jr., E.M., Harbison, J.P., Florez, L.T. and Van der Gaag, B.P. (1990) J. Vac. Sci. Tech., Vol. B8, p.1960.
62. Izrael, A., Sermage, B., Marzin, J.Y., Ougazzaden, A., Azoulay, R., Etrillard, J., Thierry-Mieg, V. and Henry, L. (1990) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 56, p.830.
63. Notomi, M., Naganuma, M., Nishida, T., Tamamura, T., Iwamura, H., Nojima, S. and Okamoto, M. (1991) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 58, p.720.
64. Nunoya, N., Nakamura, M., Yasumoto, H., Tamura, S. and Arai, S. (1999) Japan. J. Appl. Phys.,Vol. 38, p.L1323.
65. Nunoya, N., Nakamura, M., Yasumoto, H., Tamura, S. and Arai, S. (2000) Japan. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 39, p.3410.
66. Yagi, H., Muranushi, K., Nunoya, N., Sano, T., Tamura, S. and Arai, S. (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol 81, p.966.
67. Ils, P., Michel, M., Forchel, A., Gyuro, I., Klenk, M. and Zielinski, E. (1994) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 64, p.496.
68. Cibert, J., Petroff, P.M., Dolan, G.J., Pearton, S.J., Gossard, A.C. and English, J.H. (1986) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 49, p.1275.
69. Zarem, H.A., Sercel, P.C., Hoenk, M.E., Lebens, J.A. and Vahala, K.J. (1989) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 54, p.2692.
70. Hsieh, K.C., Baillargeon, J.N. and Cheng, K.Y. ( 1990) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 57, p.2244.
71. Cheng, K.Y., Hsieh, K.C. and Baillargeon, J.N. (1992) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 60, p.2892.
72. Chou, S.T., Hsieh, K.C., Cheng, K.Y. and Chou, L.J. (1995) J. Vac. Sci. Tech., Vol. B13, p.650.
73. Chou, S.T., Cheng, K.Y., Chou, L.J. and Hsieh, K.C. (1995) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 17, p.2220.
74. Chou, S.T., Cheng, K.Y., Chou, L.J. and Hsieh, K.C. (1995) J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 78, p.6270.
75. Francoeur, S., Hanna, M.C., Norman, A.G. and Mascarenhas, A. (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 80, p.243.
76. Fetzer, C.M., Lee, R.T., Jun, S.W., Stringfellow, G.B., Lee, S.M. and Seong, T.Y. (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 78, p.1376.
77. Twesten, R.D., Follstaedt, D.M., Lee, S.R., Jones, E.D., Reno, J.L., Millunchick, J.M., Norman, A.G., Ahrenkiel, S.P. and Mascarenhas, A. (1999) Phys. Rev., Vol. B60, p.13619.
78. Petroff, V.M., Gossard, A.C. and Wiegmann, W. (1984) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 45, p.620.
79. Gaines, J.M., Petroff, P.M., Kroemer, H., Simes, R.I., Geels, R.J. and English, J.H. (1988) J. Vac. Sci. Tech., Vol. B6, p.1378.
80. Fukui, T. and Saito, H. (1990) Japan. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 29, p.L731.
81. Hara, S., Ishizaki, J., Motohisa, J., Fukui, T. and Hasegawa, H. (1994) J. Cryst. Growth, Vol. 145, p.692.
82. Yamamoto, M., Higashiwaki, M., Shimomura, S., Sano, N. and Hiyamizu, S. (1997) Japan. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 36, p.6285.
83. Higashiwaki, M., Ikawa, S., Shimomura, S. and Hiyamizu, S. (1999) J. Cryst. Growth, Vol. 201, p.886.
84. Chavez-Pirson, Ando, H., Saito, H. and Kanbe, H. (1993) Appl Phys. Lett., Vol. 62, p.3082.
85. Nakashima, H., Kato, T, Maehashi, K., Nishida, T., Inoue, Y., Takeuchi, T., Inoue, K., Fischer, P., Christen, J., Grundmann, M. and Bimberg, D. (1998) Mater. Sci. Eng., Vol. B51, p.229.
86. Kapon, E., Tamargo, M.C. and Hwang, D.M. (1987) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 50, p.347.
87. Bhat, R., Kapon, E., Hwang, D.M., Koza, M.A. and Yun, C.P. (1988) J. Cryst. Growth, Vol. 93, p.850.
88. Kapon, E., Kash, K., Clausen, E.M. Jr., Hwang, D.M. and Colas, E. (1992) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 60, p.477.
89. Percival, C., Houston, P.A., Woodhead, J., Al-Khafaji, M., Hill, G., Roberts, J.S. and Knights, A.P. (2000) IEEE Trans. Electron Dev., Vol. 47, p. 1769.
90. Simhony, S., Kapon, E., Colas, T., Hwang, D.M., Stoffel, N.G. and Worland, P. (1991) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 59, p.2225.
91. Kim, T.G., Park, K., Kim, E.K., Min, S. and Park, J. (1997) IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett., Vol. 9, p.2.
92. Kim, T.G., Suzuki, Y., Shimiz, M. and Ogura, M. (1999) Solid State Electron., Vol. 43, p.2093.
93. Kim, T.G., Wang, X.-L, Komori, K., Hikosaka, K. and Ogura, M. (1999) Electron. Lett., Vol. 35, p.639.
94. Kim, T.G., Suzuki, Y. and Ogura, M. (2000) IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett., Vol. 12, p.104.
95. Kim, T.G., Wang, X.-L., Suzuki, Y., Komori, K. and Ogura, M. (2000) IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., Vol. 6, p.511.
96. Koshiba, S., Noge, H., Akiyama, H., Inoshita, T., Nakamura, Y., Shimizu, A., Nagamune, Y., Tsuchiya, M., Kano, H. and Sakaki, H. (1994) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 64, p.363.
97. Akiyama, H., Koshiba, S., Someya, T., Wada, K., Noge, H., Nakamura, Y., Inoshita, T., Shimizu, A. and Sakaki, H. (1994) Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 72, p.924.
98. Jiang, C., Muranaka, T. and Hasegawa, H. (2001) Japan. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 40, p.3003.
99. Jiang, C. and Hasegawa, H. (2002) Japan. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 41, p.972.
100. Chang, Y.C., Chang, L.L. and Esaki, L. (1985) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 47, p. 1324.
101. Akiyama, H. (1998) J. Phys. Condens. Mat., Vol. 10, p.3095.
102. Pfeiffer, L.N., West, K.W., Störmer, H.L., Eisenstein, J.P., Baldwin, K.W., Gershoni, D. and Spector, J. (1990) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 56, p.1697.
103. Pfeiffer, L.N., Störmer, H.L., Baldwin, K.W., West, K.W., Goñi, A.R., Pinczuk, A., Ashoori, R.C., Dignam, M.M. and Wegscheider, W. (1993) J. Cryst. Growth, Vol. 127, p.849.
104. Gershoni, D., Weiner, J.S., Chu, G., S.N., Baraff, G.A., Vandenberg, J.M., Pfeiffer, L.N., West, K.W., Logan, R.A. and Tanbun-Ek, T. (1990) Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 65, p.1631.
105. Coñi, A.R., Pfeiffer, L.N., West, K.W., Pinczuk, A., Baranger, H.U. and Störmer, H.L. (1992) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 61, p.1956.
106. Somcya, T., Akiyama, H. and Sakaki, H. (1996) J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 79, p.2522.
107. Wegscheider, W., Pfeiffer, L.N, Dignam, M.M., Pinczuk, A., West, K.W., McCall, S.L. and Hull, R. (1993) Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 71, p.4071.
108. Wegscheider, W., Pfeiffer, L.N., West, K.W. and Leibenguth, R.E. (1994) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 65, p.2510.
109. Wagner, R.S. and Ellis, W.C. (1964) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 4, p.89.
110. Hiruma, K., Yazawa, M., Katsuyama, T., Ogawa, K., Haraguchi, K., Koguchi, M. and Kakibayashi, H. (1995) J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 77, p.447.
111. Yang, P., Wu, Y. and Fan, R. (2002) Int. J. Nanosci., Vol. 1, p.l.
112. Hu, J., Odom, T.W. and Lieber, C.M. (1999) Acc. Chem. Res., Vol. 32, p.435.
113. Wu, Y. and Yang, P. (2000) Chem. Mater., Vol. 12, p.605.
114. Morales, A.M. and Lieber, C.M. (1998) Science, Vol. 279, p.208.
115. Duan, X.F., Wang, J.F. and Lieber, C.M. (2000) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 76, p.1116.
116. Trentler, T.J., Hickman, K.M., Geol, S.C., Viano, A.M., Gibbons, P.C. and Buhro, W.E. (1995) Science, Vol. 270, p.1791.
117. Martin, C.R. (1994) Science, Vol. 266, p.1961.
118. Braun, E., Eichen, Y., Sivan, U. and Ben-Yoseph, G. (1998) Nature, Vol. 391, p.775.
119. Vayssieres, L. (2004) Int. J. Nanotech., Vol. 1, Nos. 1/2, pp.1-41.
120. Mayers, B., Gates, B. and Xia, Y. (2004) Int. J. Nanotech., Vol. 1, Nos. 1/2, pp.86-104.
121. Maiman, T.H. (1960) Nature, Vol. 187, p.493.
122. Basov, N.G., Krokhin, O.N. and Popov, Y.M. (1961) JETP, Vol. 40, p. 1320.
123. Hall, R.N., Fenner, G.E., Kingsley, J.D., Soltys, T.J. and Carlson, R.O. (1962) Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 9, p.366.
124. Nathan, M.I., Dumke, W.P., Burns, G., Dill, F.H. Jr. and Lasher, G.J. (1962) Appl. Phvs. Lett., Vol. 1, p.62.
125. Holonyak Jr., N. and Bevacqua, S.F. (1962) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 1, No. 82.
126. Quist, T.M., Rediker, R.H., Keyes, R.J., Krag, W.E., Lax, B., McWhorter, A.L. and Zeiger, H.J. (1962) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 1, p.91.
127. Kroemer, H. (1963) Proc. IEEE, Vol. 51, p.1782.
128. Kroemer, H. (1963) Semiconductor Laser with Electric Pumping, U.S. Patent 3309553, August 16.
129. Alferov, Z.I. and Kazarinov, R.F. (1963) Semiconductor Laser with Electric Pumping, Inventor's Certificate 181737, March 30.
130. Alferov, Z.I., Andreev, V.M., Korolkov, V.I., Portnoi, E.L. and Tretyakov, N. (1969) Sov. Phys. - Semicond., Vol. 2, p.1289.
131. Alferov, Z.I., Andreev, V.M., Korolkov, V.I., Nikitin, V.G. and Yakovenko, A.A. (1971) Sov. Phys. - Semicond., Vol. 4, p.481.
132. Hayashi, I., Panish, M.B., Foy, W. and Sumski, S. (1970) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 17, p.109.
133. Alferov, Z.I., Andreev, V.M., Korolkov, V.I., Tretyakov, D.N. and Tuchkevich, V.M. (1968) Sov. Phys. - Semicond., Vol. 1, p. 1313.
134. Dingle, R., Wiegmann, W. and Henry, C.H. (1974) Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 33, p.827.
135. van der Ziel, J.P., Dingle, R., Miller, R.C., Wiegmann, W. and Nordland Jr., W.A. (1975) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 26, p.463.
136. Dupuis, R.D., Dapkus, P.D., Holonyak, N. Jr., Rezek, E.A. and Chin, R. (1978) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 32, p.295.
137. Chow, W.W., Choquette, K.D., Crawford, M.H., Lear, K.L. and Hadley, G.R. (1997) IEEE J. Quantum Electron., Vol. 33, p.1810.
138. Towe, E., Leheny, R.F. and Yang, A. (2000) IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., Vol. 6, p.1458.
139. Geels, R.S., Corzine, S.W., Scott, J.W., Young, D.B. and Coldren, L.A. (1990) IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett., Vol. 2, p.234.
140. Geels, R.S. and Coldren, L.A. (1990) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 57, p.1605.
141. Levi, A.F.J., Slusher, R.E., McCall, S.L., Tanbun-Ek, T., Coblentz, D.L. and Pearton, S.J. (1992) Electron. Lett., Vol. 28, p.1010.
142. Levi, A.F.J., Slusher, R.E., McCall, S.L., Pearton, S.J. and Hobson, W.S. (1993) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol 62, p.2021.
143. Slusher, R.E., Levi, A.F.J., Mohideen, U., McCall, S.L., Pearton, S.J. and Logan, R.A. (1993) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 63, p.1310.
144. Baba, T., Fujita, M., Sakai, A., Kihara, M. and Watanabe, R. (1997) IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett., Vol. 9, p.878.
145. Baba, T. (1997) IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., Vol. 3, p.808.
146. Faist, J., Capasso, F., Sivco, D.L., Sirtori, C., Hutchinson, A.L. and Cho, A.Y. (1994) Science, Vol. 264, p.553.
147. Scamarcio, G., Capasso, F., Sirtori, C., Faist, J., Hutchinson, A.L., Sivco, D.L. and Cho, A.Y. (1997) Science, Vol. 276, p.773.
148. Kazarinov, R. and Suris, R.A. (1971) Sov. Phys. - Semicond., Vol. 5, p.707.
149. Capasso, F., Gmachl, C., Paiella, R., Tredicucci, A., Hutchinson, A.L., Sivco, D.L., Baillargeon, J.N., Cho, A.Y. and Liu, H.C. (2000) IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., Vol. 6, p.931.
150. Capasso, F., Tredicucci, A., Gmachl, C., Sivco, D.L., Hutchinson, A.L., Cho, A.Y. and Scamarcio, G. (1999) IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., Vol. 5, p.792.
151. Cao, M., Miyake, Y., Tamura, S., Hirayama, H., Arai, S., Suematsu, Y. and Miyamoto, Y. (1990) Trans. IEICE, Vol. E73, p.63.
152. Cao, M., Daste, P., Miyamoto, M., Miyake, Y, Nogiwa, S., Arai, S., Furuya, K. and Suematsu, Y. (1988) Electron. Lett., Vol. 24, p.824.
153. Kojima, T., Tamura, M., Nakaya, H., Tanaka, S., Tamura, S. and Arai, S. (1998) Japan. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 37, p.4792.
154. Yagi, H., Muranushi, K., Nunoya, N., Sano, T., Tamura, S. and Arai, S. (2002) Japan. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 41, p.L186.
155. Nunoya, N., Yasumoto, H., Midorikawa, H., Tamura, S. and Arai, S. (2000) Japan. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 39, p. L1042.
156. Nunoya, N., Nakamura, M., Morshed, M., Tamura, S. and Arai, S. (2001) IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., Vol. 7, p.249.
157. Nakamura, M., Nunoya, N., Yasumoto, H., Morshed, M., Fukuda, K., Tamura, S. and Arai, S. (2000) Electron. Lett., Vol. 36, p.639.
158. Yoshida, J. and Kishino, K. (1995) IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett., Vol. 7, p.241.
159. Chou, ST., Wohlert, D.E., Chcng, K.Y. and Hsieh, K.C. (1998) J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 83, p.3469.
160. Wohlert, D.E. and Cheng, K.Y. and Chou, S.T. (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 78, p.1047.
161. Asada, M., Miyamoto, Y. and Suematsu, Y. (1985) Japan. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 24, p.L95.
162. Tsuchiya, M., Petroff, P.M. and Coldren, L.A. (1989) IEEE Trans. Electron. Dev., Vol. 36, p.2612.
163. Hu, S.Y., Miller, M.S., Young, D.B., Yi, J.C., Leonard, D., Gossard, A.C., Petroff, P.M., Coldren, L.A, and Dagli, N. (1993)Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 63, p.2015.
164. Hu, S.Y., Yi, J.C., Miller, M.S., Leonard, D., Young, D.B., Gossard, A.C., Dagli, N., Petroff, P.M. and Coldren, L.A. (1995) IEEE J. Quantum Electron., Vol. 31, p.1380.
165. Saito, H., Uwai, K. and Kobayashi, N. (1993) Japan. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 32, p.4440.
166. Hara, S., Motohisa, J. and Fukui, T. (1998) Electron. Lett., Vol. 34, p.894.
167. Ando, C.-P.H., Saito, H. and Kanbe, H. (1994) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 64, p.1759.
168. Ohno, Y., Kanamori, H., Shimomura, S. and Hiyamizu, S. (2002) Physica, Vol. E13, p.892.
169. Kapon, E., Simhony, S., Bhat, R. and Hwang, D.M. (1989) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 55, p.2715.
170. Tiwari, S., Pettit, G.D., Milkove, K.R., Legoues, F., Davis, R.J. and Woodall, J.M. (1994) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 64, p.3536.
171. Qian, Y., Xu, Z.T., Zhang, J.M., Chen, L.H., Wang, Q.M., Zheng, L.X. and Hu, X.W. (1995) Electron. Lett., Vol. 3, p.102.
172. Piester, D., Bönsch, P., Schrimpf, T., Wehmann, H.-H. and Schlachetzki, A. (2000) IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., Vol. 6, p.522.
173. Kim, T.G., Son, C.S. and Ogura, M. (2001) IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett., Vol. 13, p.409.
174. Sirigu, L., Oberli, D.Y., Degiorgi, L., Rudra, A. and Kapon, E. (2000) Phys. Rev., Vol. B61, p.R10575.
175. Kim, T.G., Wang, X.-L, Kaji, R. and Ogura, M. (2000) Physica, Vol. E7, p.508.
176. Watanabe, S., Koshiba, S., Yoshita, M., Sakaki, H., Baba, M. and Akiyama, H. (1998) Appl. Phys. Lett.,Vol. 73, p.511.
177. Watanabe, S., Koshiba, S., Yoshita, M., Sakaki, H., Baba, M. and Akiyama, H. (1999) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 75, p.2190.
178. Sorba, L., Schedelbeck, G., Wegscheider, W., Bichler, M. and Abstreiter, G. (2000) Phys. Stat. Sol., Vol. A178, p.227.
179. Hayamizu, Y., Yoshita, M., Watanabe, S., Akiyama, H., Pfeiffer, L.N. and West, K.W. (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 81, p.4937.
180. Fons, P., Iwata, K., Yamada, A., Matsubara, K., Niki, S., Nakahara, K., Tanabe, T. and H.Takasu (2000) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 77, p.1801.
181. Bagnall, D.M., Chen, Y.F., Zhu, Z., Yao, T., Koyama, S., Shen, M.Y. and Goto, T. (1997) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 70, p.2230.
182. Yu, P., Tang, Z.K., Wong, L., O.K., Kawasaki, M., Ohtomo, A., Koinuma, H. and Segawa, Y. (1998)J. Cryst. Growth,Vol. 184, p.601.
183. Cao, H. et al. (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 84, p.5584.
184. Yang, P., Yan, H., Mao, S.S., Russo, R.E., Johnson, J.C., Saykally, R.J., Morris, N., Pham, J., He, R. and Choi, H.J. (2002) Adv. Func. Mater., Vol. 12, p.323.
185. Johnson, J.C., Yan, H., Schaller, R.D., Haber, L.H., Saykally, R.J. and Yang, P. (2001) J. Phys. Chem., Vol. BIOS, p.11387.
186. Johnson, J.C., Choi, H.J., Knutsen, K.P., Schaller, R.D., Yang, P. and Saykally, R.J. (2002) Nature Mater., Vol. 1, p.106.
187. Duan, X., Huang, Y., Agarwal, R. and Lieber, C.M. (2003) Nature, Vol. 421, p.241.
188. Kirstaedter, N., Ledentsov, N.N., Grundmann, M., Bimberg, D., Ustinov, V.M., Ruvimov, S.S., Maximov, M.V., Kopev, P.S. and Alferov, Z.I. (1994) Electron. Lett., Vol. 30, p.1416.
189. Hirayama, H., Matsunaga, K., Asada, M. and Suematsu, Y. (1994) Electron. Lett., Vol. 30, p.142.
190. Michler, P., Imamoglu, A., Mason, M.D., Carson, P.J., Strouse, G.F. and Buratto, S.K. (2000) Nature, Vol. 406, p.968.
191. Michler, P., Kiraz, A., Becher, C., Schoenfeld, W.V., Petroff, P.M., Zhang, L., Hu, E. and Imamoglu, A. (2000) Science, Vol. 290, p.2282.
192. Santori, C., Pelton, M., Solomon, G., Dale, Y. and Yamamoto, Y. (2001) Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 86, p.1502.
193. Bauer, E. and Poppa, H. (1972) Thin Solid Films, Vol. 12, p.167.
194. Eaglesham, D.J. and Cerullo, M. (1990) Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 64, p.1943.
195. Leonard, D., Krishnamurthy, M., Reaves, C.M., Denbaars, S.P. and Petroff, P.M. (1993) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 63, p.3203.
196. Moison, J.M., Houzay, F., Barthe, F., Leprince, L., Andre, E. and Vatel, O. (1994) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 64, p.196.
197. Shchukin, V.A., Ledenstov, N.N., Kopev, P.S. and Bimberg, D. (1995) Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 75, p.2968.
198. Rossetti, R., Nakahara, S. and Brus, L.E. (1983) J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 79, p.1986.
199. Alivisatos, A.P., Harris, A.L., I.evinos, N.J., Steigerwald, M.L. and Brus, L.E. (1988) J. Chem. Phys.,Vol. 89, p.4001.
200. Steigerwald, M.L. and Brus, L.E. (1989) Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci., Vol. 19, p.471.
201. Bawendi, M.G., Carroll, P.J., Wilson, L. and Brus, L.E. (1992) J. Chem. Phys., Vol. 96, p.946.
202. Murray, C.B., Norris, D.J. and Bawendi, M.G. (1993) J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 115, p.8706.
203. Katari, J.E.B., Colvin, V.L. and Alivisatos, A.P. (1994) J. Phys. Chem., Vol. 98, p.4109.
204. Murray, C.B., Kagan, C.R. and Bawendi, M.G. (2000) Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., Vol. 30, p.545.
205. Alivisatos, A.P. (1996) Science, Vol. 271, p.933.
206. Bimberg, D., Grundmann, M. and Ledentsov, N.N. (1999) Quantum Dot Heterostructures, Wiley, New York.
207. Rennon, S., Avary, K., Klopf, F., Reithmaier, J.P. and Forchel, A. (2001) IEEE J. Sci. Top. Quantum Electon., Vol. 7, p.300.
208. Saito, H., Nishi, K., Ogura, I., Sugou, S. and Sugimoto, Y. (1996) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 69, p.3140.
209. Lott, J.A., Ledentsov, N.N., Ustinov, V.M., Egorov, A.Y., Zhukov, A.E., Kopev, P.S., Alferov, Z.I. and Bimberg, D. (1997) Electron. Lett., Vol. 33, p.1150.
210. Yoshie, T., Shchekin, O.B., Chen, H., Deppe, D.G. and Scherer, A. (2002) Electron. Lett., Vol. 38, p.967.
211. Michler, P., Kiraz, A., Zhang, L., Becher, C., Hu, E. and Imamoglu, A. (2000) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 77, p.184.
212. Young, D.K., Zhang, L., Awschalom, D.D. and Hu, E.L. (2002) Phys. Rev., Vol. B66, p.R81307.
213. Sellin, R., Ribbat, C., Grundmann, M., Ledentsov, N.N. and Bimberg, D. (2001) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 78, p.1207.
214. Kim, H.J., Motohisa, J. and Fukui, T. (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 81, p.5147.
215. Ogawa, T. and Takagahara, T. (1991) Phys. Rev., Vol. B44, p.8138.
216. Nojima, S. (1994) Phys. Rev., Vol. B50, p.2306.
217. Grundmann, M. and Bimberg, D. (1997) Phys. Rev., Vol. B55, p.4054.
218. Rossi, F., Goldoni, G. and Molinari, E. (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 78, p.3527.
219. Sarma, S.D. and Wang, D.W. (2000) Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 84, p.2010.
220. Kuther, A., Bayer, M., Gutbrod, T., Forchel, A., Knipp, P.A. Reinecke, T.L. and Werner, R. (1998) Phys. Rev., Vol. B58, p.15744.
221. Constantin, C., Martinet, E., Oberli, D.Y., Kapon, E., Gayral, B. and Gerard, J.-M. (2002) Phys. Rev., Vol.B66, p.165306.
222. Vuckovic, J., Pelton, M., Scherer, A. and Yamamoto, Y. (2002) Phys. Rev., Vol. A66, p.23808.
223. Yamamoto, Y., Tassone, F. and Cao, H. (2000) Semiconductor Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics, Springer, Berlin, 2000.