Host determinants in HIV infection and disease part 1: Cellular and humoral immune responses

Annals of Internal Medicine

Volumn 134, Issue 9 I, 2001, Pages 761-776

  Hogan, C M ^a   Hammer, S M ^a  

^a Division of Infectious Diseases ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CD4 ANTIGEN; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR; HLA ANTIGEN;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE; DISEASE COURSE; HELPER CELL; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; HUMAN TISSUE; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; VIRUS CELL INTERACTION; VIRUS PATHOGENESIS; VIRUS TYPING;

EID: 0035339928     PISSN: 00034819     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-134-9_part_1-200105010-00013     Document Type: Review

References (188)

1. + lymphocytes
2. + T-cell levels
3. Virologic and immunologic characterization of long-term survivors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
4. Studies in subjects with long-term nonprogressive human immunodeficiency virus infection
5. High levels of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HW-1) memory cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity and low viral load are associated with lack of disease in HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors
6. Toward an understanding of the correlates of protective immunity to HW infection
7. Immunologic and virologic status after 14 to 18 years of infection with an attenuated strain of HW-1. A report from the Sydney blood bank cohort
8. + lymphocyte counts: Immunologic and virologic characteristics
9. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome occurring within 5 years of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-1: The multicenter AIDS cohort study
10. Cell-mediated immune response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 in seronegative homosexual men with recent sexual exposure to HIV-1
11. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) nef-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in noninfected heterosexual contact of HIV-infected patients
12. HIV-specific mucosal and cellular immunity in HIV-seronegative partners of HIV-seropositive individuals
13. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in HIV-exposed sero-negative persons
14. Protection against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in persons with repeated exposure: Evidence for T cell immunity in the absence of inherited CCR5 coreceptor defects
15. +) cell noncyrotoxic anti-HIV response
16. HIV-1-specific immunity in persistently seronegative individuals at high risk for HW infection
17. HIV-specific cytotoxic T-cells in HIV-exposed but uninfected Gambian women
18. Resistance to HIV-1 infection among highly exposed sex workers in Nairobi: What mediates protection and why does it develop?
19. Resistance to HIV-1 infection among persistently seronegative prostitutes in Nairobi, Kenya
20. In vitro production of type 1 and type 2 cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from high-risk HIV-negative intravenous drug users
21. HIV-specific T-helper activity in seronegative health care workers exposed to contaminated blood
22. ENV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in HIV seronegative health care workers occupationally exposed to HIV-contaminated body fluids
23. Occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific cytolytic T cell activity in apparently uninfected children born to HIV-1-infected mothers
24. HIV-specific cytotoxic T-cell activity in an HIV-exposed but uninfected infant
25. + cells: Evidence for HLA class I-restricted triggering of cytolytic and noncytolytic mechanisms
26. +) responses in HIV type 1-infected patients: Comparison with anti-Epstein-Barr virus responses and changes during antiretroviral therapy
27. Temporal association of cellular immune responses with the initial control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type I syndrome
28. + cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity associated with control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type I infection
29. Cytotoxic-T-cell responses, viral load, and disease progression in early human immunodeficiency virus type I infection
30. Quantitation of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and plasma load of viral RNA
31. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), virus load, and CD4 T cell loss: Evidence supporting a protective role for CTL in vivo
32. The qualitative nature of the primary immune response to HIV infection isa prognosticator of disease progression independent of the initial level of plasma viremia
33. Kinetics of Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses during the clinical course of HIV-1 infection: A longitudinal analysis of rapid progressors and long-term asymptomatics
34. + lymphocytes
35. +) T cell depletion in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques
36. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes in asymptomatic long-term nonprogressing HIV-1 infection. Breadth and specificity of the response and relation to in vivo viral quasi-species in a person with prolonged infection and low viral load
37. + responses
38. + T cells are detectable in most individuals with active HIV-1 infection, but decline with prolonged viral suppression
39. Association between virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and helper responses in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
40. + T cell responses associated with control of viremia
41. Early and persistent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific T helper dysfunction in blood and lymph nodes following acute HIV-1 infection
42. + T cell homeostasis and function in advanced HIV disease
43. Alterations in the immune response of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects treated with an HIV-specific protease inhibitor, ritonavir
44. + T-cell repertoire that are not immediately restored by antiviral or immune-based therapies
45. HIV type 1-specific helper T cells: A critical host defense
46. Immune control of HIV-1 after early treatment of acute infection
47. + T lymphocytes
48. Effect of combination antiretroviral therapy on T-cell immunity in acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
49. Strong cytotoxic T cell and weak neutralizing antibody responses in a subset of persons with stable nonprogressing HIV type 1 infection
50. Neutralizing antibody responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in primary infection and long-term-nonprogressive infection
51. Correlation between humoral responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope and disease progression in early-stage infection
52. Neutralizing and infection-enhancing antibody responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in long-term nonprogressors
53. Augmented serum neutralizing activity against primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates in two groups of HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors
54. Virological and immunological features of long-term human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals who have remained asymptomatic compared with those who have progressed to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
55. The antigenic structure of the HIV gp120 envelope glycoprotein
56. Autologous and heterologous neutralizing antibody responses following initial seroconversion in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals
57. Lack of autologous neutralizing antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and macrophage tropism are associated with mother-to-infant transmission
58. From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: The contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection
59. Sexual transmission of HIV
60. Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV): Interactions of conventional sexually transmitted diseases, hormonal contraception and HIV-1
61. Viral load and heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
62. Nontransmission of HIV: A multifactorial phenomenon
63. HIV-1-specific mucosal IgA in a cohort of HIV-1-resistant Kenyan sex workers
64. HIV-1 induces cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the cervix of infected women
65. Presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and HIV-1-specific antibodies in cervicovaginal secretions of infected mothers and in the gastric aspirates of their infants
66. Mucosal immune responses in four distinct compartments of women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1: A comparison by site and correlation with clinical information
67. Cellular targets of infection and route of viral dissemination after an intravaginal inoculation of simian immunodeficiency virus into rhesus macaques
68. HIV-Dendritic cell interactions promote efficient viral infection of the cells
69. + T cells
70. Productive infection of dendritic cells by HIV-1 and their, ability to capture virus are mediated through separate pathways
71. DC-SIGN, a dendritic cell-specific HIV-1-binding protein that enhances trans-infection of T cells
72. Late escape from an immunodominant cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response associated with progression to AIDS
73. Positive selection of HIV-1 cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape variants during primary infection
74. Antiviral pressure exerted by HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) during primary infection demonstrated by rapid selection of CTL escape virus
75. HIV-1 Nef protein protects infected primary cells against killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes
76. + T cell clones during primary HIV infection
77. + CTL clones is limited by elimination due to encounter with HIV-infected targets
78. HIV-1 strains from a cohort of American subjects reveal the presence ora V2 region extension unique to slow progressors and non-progressors
79. Brief report: Absence of intact nef sequences in a long-term survivor with nonprogressive HIV-1 infection
80. Declining CD4 T-cell counts in a person infected with nef-deleted HIV-1
81. Long-term symptomless HIV-1 infection in recipients of blood products from a single donor
82. Association between biological properties of human immunodeficiency virus variants and risk for AIDS and AIDS mortality
83. The impact of the syncytium-inducing phenotype of human immunodeficiency virus on disease progression
84. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants with increased replicative capacity develop during the asymptomatic stage before disease progression
85. + T-lymphocyte decline and clinical progression in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals
86. Emerging cytopathic and antigenic simian immunodeficiency virus variants influence AIDS progression
87. In vivo evolution of HIV-1 co-receptor usage and sensitivity to chemokine-mediated suppression
88. Change in coreceptor use correlates with disease progression in HIV-1-infected individuals
89. Human immunodeficiency viruses in the developing world
90. HIV-1 subtypes and male-to-female transmission in Thailand
91. HIV-1 Langerhans' cell tropism associated with heterosexual transmission of HIV
92. Expression and function of CCR5 and CXCR4 on human Langerhans cells and macrophages: Implications for HIV primary infection
93. Vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Japan, 1989-1997: Presence of two subtypes B and E with subtype E predominance. National cooperative study investigators on vertical transmission of HIV-1
94. Effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 viral genotype on mother-to-child transmission of HIV- 1
95. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes differ in disease progression
96. Disease progression and survival in HIV-1-infected Africans in London
97. African HIV-1 subtype C and rate of progression among Ethiopian immigrants in Israel
98. What role does HIV-1 subtype play in transmission and pathogenesis? An epidemiological perspective
99. Slower heterosexual spread of HIV-2 than HIV-1
100. Reduced rate of disease development after HIV-2 infection as compared to HIV-1
101. HIV infection is active and progressive in lymphoid tissue during the clinically latent stage of disease
102. Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection
103. Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
104. HIV-1 dynamics in vivo: Virion clearance rate, infected cell life-span, and viral generation time
105. Decay characteristics of HIV-1-infected compartments during combination therapy
106. Improved estimates for HIV-1 clearance rate and intracellular delay
107. Rapid production and clearance of HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus assessed by large volume plasma apheresis
108. Rapid clearance of simian immunodeficiency virus particles from plasma of rhesus macaques
109. HIV population dynamics in vivo: Implications for genetic variation, pathogenesis, and therapy
110. High levels of HIV-1 in plasma during all stages of infection determined by competitive PCR
111. Transient high levels of viremia in patients with primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
112. High titers of cytopathic virus in plasma of patients with symptomatic primary HIV-1 infection
113. Viral phenotype and immune response in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
114. Clinical and epidemiologic features of primary HIV infection
115. Acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
116. + T cells
117. Biological and virologic characteristics of primary HIV infection
118. Quantitation of HIV-1 RNA in plasma predicts outcome after seroconversion
119. Serum HIV-1 RNA levels and time to development of AIDS in the multicenter hemophilia cohort study
120. Natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viremia after seroconversion and proximal to AIDS in a large cohort of homosexual men
121. Dual tropism for macrophages and lymphocytes is a common feature of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 isolates
122. + cell depletion and progression to AIDS
123. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of HIV-1 patients with primary infection
124. Changing virus-host interactions in the course of HIV-1 infection
125. Coreceptor usage of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates varies according to biological phenotype
126. Cellular immune responses to HIV-1
127. Alternative, cytokine-mediated host defense mechanisms against HIV infection: The concept of self-limitation of HIV replication
128. Massive covert infection of helper T lymphocytes and macrophages by HIV during the incubation period of AIDS
129. Follicular dendritic cells and human immunodeficiency virus infectivity
130. A new approach to investigating the relationship between productive infection and cytopathicity in vivo
131. Identification of a reservoir for HIV-1 in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy
132. Recovery of replication-competent HIV despite prolonged suppression of plasma viremia
133. In vivo sequence variability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope gp120: Association of V2 extension with slow disease progression
134. Defective accessory genes in a human immunodeficiency vires type 1-infected long-term survivor lacking recoverable virus
135. Identification of a new human immunodeficiency virus type 1 distinct from group M and group O
136. Phylogenetic analysis of gag genes from 70 international HIV-1 isolates provides evidence for multiple genotypes
137. Genetic diversity of the envelope glycoprotein from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates of African origin
138. A new subtype of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (MVP-5180) from Cameroon
139. Genomic cloning and complete sequence analysis of a highly divergent African human immunodeficiency virus isolate
140. The puzzle of HIV-1 subtypes in Africa
141. The emerging genetic diversity of HIV. The importance of global surveillance for diagnostics, research, and prevention
142. HIV-1 genetic diversity
143. AIDS pathogenesis: A finite immune response to blame?
144. Lack of viral escape and defective in vivo activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in rapidly progressive infection
145. Phenotypic analysis of antigen-specific T lymphocytes
146. + memory T cells
147. Longitudinal analysis of HIV-1-specific IFN-gamma production in unstimulated mononuclear cells of highly HIV-1-exposed but seronegative women
148. Cytotoxic T cell responses to multiple conserved HIV epitopes in HIV-resistant prostitutes in Nairobi
149. nef-Reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in an HIV-exposed health care worker (HCW)
150. Viral immune evasion due to persistence of activated T cells without effector function
151. + cytotoxic T-cell responses during chronic viral infection
152. Lymphocyte-proliferative responses to HIV antigens as a potential measure of immunological reconstitution in HIV disease
153. + T cell proliferation and production of IFN-gamma in response to p24 antigen in HIV-infected individuals: Potential contribution of anergy to HIV-specific unresponsiveness
154. T-helper cell responses to HIV envelope peptides in cord blood: Protection against intrapartum and breast-feeding transmission
155. Potent antiretroviral therapy of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection: Partial normalization oft lymphocyte subsets and limited reduction of HIV-1 DNA despite clearance of plasma viremia
156. The effect of commencing combination antiretroviral therapy soon after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection on viral replication and antiviral immune responses
157. Development of virus specific immune responses in SHiV(KU) infected macaques treated with PMPA
158. Humoral immunity to HIV, SIV, and SHIV
159. The HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins: Fusogens, antigens, and immunogens
160. Appearance of autologous neutralizing antibody correlates with reduction in virus load and phenotype switch during primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
161. Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: Correlation with neutralizing antibodies against primary isolates
162. Features of HIV-1 that could influence maternal-child transmission
163. Vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: Autologous neutralizing antibody, virus load, and virus phenotype
164. Lack of correlation between vertical transmission of HIV-1 and maternal antibody titers against autologous virus in human monocyte-derived macrophages
165. Susceptibility of HIV-1 plasma virus to complement-mediated lysis. Evidence for a role in clearance of virus in vivo
166. HIV-specific cellular and humoral immune responses in primary HIV infection
167. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity can protect PBMC from infection by cell-associated HIV-1
168. HIV-1 gp120-specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity correlates with rate of disease progression
169. Sera from HTLV-III/LAV antibody-positive individuals mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against HTLV-III/LAV-infected T cells
170. Failure of ADCC to predict HIV-associated disease progression or outcome in a haemophiliac cohort
171. Simian immunodeficiency virus rapidly penetrates the cervicovaginal mucosa after intravaginal inoculation and infects intraepithelial dendritic cells
172. Dendritic cells and the replication of HIV-1
173. Bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells and the pathogenesis of AIDS
174. DC-SIGN: A guide to some mysteries of dendritic cells
175. Conjugates of dendritic cells and memory T lymphocytes from skin facilitate productive infection with HIV-1
176. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 entry into purified blood dendritic cells through CC and CXC chemokine coreceptors
177. Virus replication begins in dendritic cells during the transmission of HIV-1 from mature dendritic cells to T cells
178. +) hematopoietic progenitor cells is primarily determined by their maturation stage
179. Rapid infection of oral mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue with simian immunodeficiency virus
180. Three populations of cells with dendritic morphology exist in peripheral blood, only one of which is infectable with human immunodeficiency virus type 1
181. Identification of DC-SIGN, a novel dendritic cell-specific [CAM-3 receptor that supports primary immune responses
182. Sequence and expression of a membrane-associated C-type lectin that exhibits CD4-independent binding of human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120
183. Human immunodeficiency virus infection among men with sexually transmitted diseases. Experience from a center in Africa
184. Incidence and predictors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconversion in patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in India
185. Cofactors in male-female sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
186. Non-ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases as risk factors for HIV-1 transmission in women: Results from a cohort study
187. Effect of circumcision on incidence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and other sexually transmitted diseases: A prospective cohort study of trucking company employees in Kenya
188. Bacterial vaginosis and disturbances of vaginal flora: Association with increased acquisition of HIV