Cytotoxic-T-cell responses, viral load, and disease progression in early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 337, Issue 18, 1997, Pages 1267-1274

  Musey, Luwy ^a   Hughes, James ^b   Schacker, Timothy ^a   Shea, Theresa ^a   Corey, Lawrence ^a,c   Juliana Mcelrath, M ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^c Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CD4 ANTIGEN; CD8 ANTIGEN; GENE PRODUCT;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; HELPER CELL; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MALE; MEMORY CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; T LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATION; VIRUS ENVELOPE; VIRUS REPLICATION;

ADULT; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FEMALE; GENE PRODUCTS, ENV; GENE PRODUCTS, GAG; GENE PRODUCTS, POL; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; MALE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RNA, VIRAL; T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC; VIRAL LOAD; VIRUS REPLICATION;

EID: 0030831656     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199710303371803     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Kaslow RA, Carrington M, Apple R, et al. Influence of combinations of human major histocompatibility complex genes on the course of HIV-1 infection. Nat Med 1996;2:405-11.
2. Liu R, Paxton WA, Choe S, et al. Homozygous defect in HIV-1 coreceptor accounts for resistance of some multiply-exposed individuals to HIV-1 infection. Cell 1996;86:367-77.
3. Dean M, Carrington M, Winkler C, et al. Genetic restriction of HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS by a deletion allele of the CKRS structural gene: Hemophilia Growth and Development Study, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study, San Francisco City Cohort, ALIVE Study. Science 1996;273:1856-62.
4. Cao Y, Qin L, Zhang L, Safrit J, Ho DD. Virologic and immunologic characterization of long-term survivors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. N Engl J Med 1995;332:201-8.
5. Harrer T, Harrer E, Kalams SA, et al. Strong cytotoxic T cell and weak neutralizing antibody responses in a subset of persons with stable nonprogressing HIV type 1 infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1996;12:585-92.
6. Kirchhoff F, Greenough TC, Brettler DB, Sullivan JL, Desrosiers RC. Absence of intact nef sequences in a long-term survivor with nonprogressive HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med 1995;332:228-32.
7. Pantaleo G, Menzo S, Vaccarezza M, et al. Studies in subjects with long-term nonprogressive human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med 1995;332:209-16.
8. Riviere Y, McChesney MB, Porrot F, et al. Gag-specific cytotoxic responses to HIV type 1 are associated with a decreased risk of progression to AIDS-related complex or AIDS. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1995;11: 903-7.
9. Rinaldo CR, Huang X-L, Fan ZF, et al. High levels of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) memory cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity and low viral load are associated with lack of disease in HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors. J Virol 1995;69:5838-42.
10. Klein MR, van Baalen CA, Holwerda AM, et al. Kinetics of gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses during the clinical course of HIV-1 infection: a longitudinal analysis of rapid progressors and long-term asymptomatics. J Exp Med 1995;181:1365-72.
11. Carmichael A, Jin X, Sissons P, Borysiewicz L. Quantitative analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response at different stages of HIV-1 infection: differential CTL responses to HIV-1 and Epstein-Barr virus in late disease. J Exp Med 1993;177:249-56.
12. Mellors JW, Kingsley LA, Rinaldo CR Jr, et al. Quantitation of HIV-1 RNA in plasma predicts outcome after seroconversion. Ann Intern Med 1996;122:573-9.
13. Mellors JW, Rinaldo CR Jr, Gupta P, White RM, Todd JA, Kingsley LA. Prognosis in HIV-1 infection predicted by the quantity of virus in plasma. Science 1996;272:1167-70.
14. Henrard DR, Phillips JF, Muenz LR, et al. Natural history of HIV-1 cell-free viremia. JAMA 1995;274:554-8.
15. Koup RA, Safrit JT, Cao Y, et al. Temporal association of cellular immune responses with the initial control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 syndrome. J Virol 1994;68:4650-5.
16. Borrow P, Lewicki H, Hahn BH, Shaw MG, Oldstone MBA. Virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity associated with control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Virol 1994;68:6103-10.
17. Dalod M, Fiorentino S, Delamare C, et al. Delayed virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in an HIV-infected individual with high CD4+ cell counts: correlations with various parameters of disease progression. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1996;12:497-506.
18. Phillips AN. Reduction of HIV concentration during acute infection: independence from a specific immune response. Science 1996;271:497-9.
19. Nowak MA, Bangham CR. Population dynamics of immune responses to persistent viruses. Science 1996;272:74-9.
20. Wolinksy SM, Korber BT, Neumann AU, et al. Adaptive evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 during the natural course of infection. Science 1996;272:537-42.
21. Schacker T, Collier AC, Hughes J, Shea T, Corey L. Clinical and epidemiologic features of primary HIV infection. Ann Intern Med 1996;125: 257-64. [Erratum, Ann Intern Med 1997;126:174.]
22. Dewar RL, Highbarger HC, Sarmiento MD, et al. Application of branched DNA signal amplification to monitor human immunodeficiency virus type 1 burden in human plasma. J Infect Dis 1994;170:1172-9.
23. Fiscus AS, DeGruttola V, Gupta P, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 quantitative cell microculture as a measure of antiviral efficacy in a multicenter clinical trial. J Infect Dis 1995;171:305-11.
24. Earl PL, Hugin AW, Moss B. Removal of cryptic poxvirus transcription termination signals from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope gene enhances expression and immunogenicity of a recombinant vaccinia virus. J Virol 1990;64:2448-51.
25. McFarland EJ, Curiel TJ, Schoen DJ, Rosandich ME, Schooley RT, Kuritzkes DR. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte lines specific for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag and reverse transcriptase derived from a vertically infected child. J Infect Dis 1993;167:719-23.
26. Flexner C, Broyles SS, Earl P, Chakrabarti S, Moss B. Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus gag/pol gene products expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses. Virology 1988;166:339-49.
27. Chakrabarti S, Brechling K, Moss B. Vaccinia virus expression vector: coexpression of β-galactosidase provides visual screening of recombinant virus plaques. Mol Cell Biol 1985;5:3403-9.
28. Sugden B, Mark W. Clonal transformation of adult human leukocytes by Epstein-Barr virus. J Virol 1977;23:503-8.
29. Musey L, Hu Y, Eckert L, Christensen M, Karchmer T, McElrath MJ. HIV-1 induces cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the cervix of infected women. J Exp Med 1997;185:293-303.
30. Swain SL, Panfili PR, Dutton RW, Lefkovits I. Frequency of allogeneic helper T cells responding to whole H-2 differences and to an H-2K difference alone. J Immunol 1979;123:1062-7.
31. Taswell C. Limiting dilution assays for the determination of immunocompetent cell frequencies. I. Data analysis. J Immunol 1981;126:1614-9.
32. Clouse KA, Adams PA, Orosz CG. Enumeration of viral antigen-reactive helper T lymphocytes in human peripheral blood by limiting dilution for analysis of viral antigen-reactive T-cell pools in virus-seropositive and virus-seronegative individuals. J Clin Microbiol 1989;27:2316-23.
33. Cleveland WS, Grosse E, Shyu WM. Local regression models. In: Chambers JM, Hastie TJ, eds. Statistical models in S. London: Chapman & Hall, 1993:309-76.
34. Efron B, Tibshirani RJ. An introduction to the bootstrap. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1993.
35. Koup RA, Pikora CA, Luzuriaga K, et al. Limiting dilution analysis of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to human immunodeficiency virus gag antigens in infected persons: in vitro quantitation of effector cell populations with p17 and p24 specificities. J Exp Med 1991;174:1593-600.
36. Lamhamedi-Cherradi S, Culmann-Penciolelli B, Guy B, et al. Different patterns of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity after primary infection. AIDS 1995;9:421-6.
37. McFarland EJ, Harding PA, Luckey D, Conway B, Young RK, Kuritzkes DR. High frequency of Gag- and envelope-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors in children with vertically acquired human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Infect Dis 1994;170:766-74.
38. Shpaer EG, Delwart EL, Kuiken CL, Goudsmit J, Bachmann MH, Mullins JI. Conserved V3 loop sequences and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1994;10:1679-84.
39. Kagi D, Seiler P, Pavlovic J, et al. The roles of perform- and Fas-dependent cytotoxicity in protection against cytopathic and noncytopathic viruses. Eur J Immunol 1995;25:3256-62.
40. Walter EA, Greenberg PD, Gilbert M J, et al. Reconstitution of cellular immunity against cytomegalovirus in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow by transfer of T-cell clones from the donor. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1038-44.
41. Guidotti LG, Ishikawa T, Hobbs MV, Matzke B, Schreiber R, Chisari FV. Intracellular inactivation of the hepatitis B virus by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Immunity 1996;4:25-36.