메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 3, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 251-265

Autophagy in breast cancer and its implications for therapy

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Autophagy; Breast cancer; Cancer therapy; ER stress; Hypoxia; Metabolism; Metastasis; Transformation; Tumor microenvironment

Indexed keywords

3 METHYLADENINE; BAFILOMYCIN; BECLIN 1; CHLOROQUINE; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; HYPOXIA INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1ALPHA; RAS PROTEIN; TRASTUZUMAB; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RELATED APOPTOSIS INDUCING LIGAND;

EID: 84893677749     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21566976     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (88)

References (148)
  • 2
    • 80053575783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The multifaceted roles of autophagy in tumors-implications for breast cancer
    • Debnath J. The multifaceted roles of autophagy in tumors-implications for breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2011; 16: 73-187.
    • (2011) J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia , vol.16 , pp. 73-187
    • Debnath, J.1
  • 3
    • 72549095406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy
    • He C and Klionsky DJ. Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy. Annu Rev Genet 2009; 43: 67-93.
    • (2009) Annu Rev Genet , vol.43 , pp. 67-93
    • He, C.1    Klionsky, D.J.2
  • 4
    • 35448981935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy: from phenomenology to molecular understanding in less than a decade
    • Klionsky DJ. Autophagy: from phenomenology to molecular understanding in less than a decade. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2007; 8: 931-937.
    • (2007) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , vol.8 , pp. 931-937
    • Klionsky, D.J.1
  • 6
    • 77951221542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the Atg1/ULK1 complex in autophagy regulation
    • Mizushima N. The role of the Atg1/ULK1 complex in autophagy regulation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2010; 22: 132-139.
    • (2010) Curr Opin Cell Biol , vol.22 , pp. 132-139
    • Mizushima, N.1
  • 9
    • 59249089394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beclin 1 forms two distinct phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complexes with mammalian Atg14 and UVRAG
    • Itakura E, Kishi C, Inoue K and Mizushima N. Beclin 1 forms two distinct phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complexes with mammalian Atg14 and UVRAG. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19: 5360-5372.
    • (2008) Mol Biol Cell , vol.19 , pp. 5360-5372
    • Itakura, E.1    Kishi, C.2    Inoue, K.3    Mizushima, N.4
  • 10
    • 27944504351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p62/SQSTM1 forms protein aggregates degraded by autophagy and has a protective effect on huntingtin-induced cell death
    • Bjorkoy G, Lamark T, Brech A, Outzen H, Perander M, Overvatn A, Stenmark H and Johansen T. p62/SQSTM1 forms protein aggregates degraded by autophagy and has a protective effect on huntingtin-induced cell death. J Cell Biol 2005; 171: 603-614.
    • (2005) J Cell Biol , vol.171 , pp. 603-614
    • Bjorkoy, G.1    Lamark, T.2    Brech, A.3    Outzen, H.4    Perander, M.5    Overvatn, A.6    Stenmark, H.7    Johansen, T.8
  • 11
    • 84869210001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism and functions of membrane binding by the Atg5-Atg12/Atg16 complex during autophagosome formation
    • Romanov J, Walczak M, Ibiricu I, Schuchner S, Ogris E, Kraft C and Martens S. Mechanism and functions of membrane binding by the Atg5-Atg12/Atg16 complex during autophagosome formation. EMBO J 2012; 31: 4304-4317.
    • (2012) EMBO J , vol.31 , pp. 4304-4317
    • Romanov, J.1    Walczak, M.2    Ibiricu, I.3    Schuchner, S.4    Ogris, E.5    Kraft, C.6    Martens, S.7
  • 14
    • 79959761278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of autophagy by kinases
    • Sridharan S, Jain K and Basu A. Regulation of autophagy by kinases. Cancers 2011; 3: 2630-2654.
    • (2011) Cancers , vol.3 , pp. 2630-2654
    • Sridharan, S.1    Jain, K.2    Basu, A.3
  • 15
    • 66449083078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ULK1 ATG13.FIP200 complex mediates mTOR signaling and is essential for autophagy.
    • Ganley IG, Lam du H, Wang J, Ding X, Chen S and Jiang X. ULK1.ATG13.FIP200 complex mediates mTOR signaling and is essential for autophagy. J Biol Chem 2009; 284: 12297-12305.
    • (2009) J Biol Chem , vol.284 , pp. 12297-12305
    • Ganley, I.G.1    Lam du, H.2    Wang, J.3    Ding, X.4    Chen, S.5    Jiang, X.6
  • 16
    • 78650510609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • mTOR: from growth signal integration to cancer, diabetes and ageing
    • Zoncu R, Efeyan A and Sabatini DM. mTOR: from growth signal integration to cancer, diabetes and ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2011; 12: 21-35.
    • (2011) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , vol.12 , pp. 21-35
    • Zoncu, R.1    Efeyan, A.2    Sabatini, D.M.3
  • 17
    • 80052188788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial regulation of the mTORC1 system in amino acids sensing pathway
    • Suzuki T and Inoki K. Spatial regulation of the mTORC1 system in amino acids sensing pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2011; 43: 671-679.
    • (2011) Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) , vol.43 , pp. 671-679
    • Suzuki, T.1    Inoki, K.2
  • 18
    • 79551598347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1
    • Kim J, Kundu M, Viollet B and Guan KL. AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1. Nat Cell Biol 2011; 13: 132-141.
    • (2011) Nat Cell Biol , vol.13 , pp. 132-141
    • Kim, J.1    Kundu, M.2    Viollet, B.3    Guan, K.L.4
  • 19
    • 81155123729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The serine/threonine kinase ULK1 is a target of multiple phosphorylation events
    • Bach M, Larance M, James DE and Ramm G. The serine/threonine kinase ULK1 is a target of multiple phosphorylation events. Biochem J 2011; 440: 283-291.
    • (2011) Biochem J , vol.440 , pp. 283-291
    • Bach, M.1    Larance, M.2    James, D.E.3    Ramm, G.4
  • 20
    • 79953211917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrient starvation elicits an acute autophagic response mediated by Ulk1 dephosphorylation and its subsequent dissociation from AMPK
    • Shang L, Chen S, Du F, Li S, Zhao L and Wang X. Nutrient starvation elicits an acute autophagic response mediated by Ulk1 dephosphorylation and its subsequent dissociation from AMPK. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108: 4788-4793.
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.108 , pp. 4788-4793
    • Shang, L.1    Chen, S.2    Du, F.3    Li, S.4    Zhao, L.5    Wang, X.6
  • 21
    • 63849149937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LKB1 and AMP-activated protein kinase control of mTOR signalling and growth
    • Shaw RJ. LKB1 and AMP-activated protein kinase control of mTOR signalling and growth. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2009; 196: 65-80.
    • (2009) Acta Physiol (Oxf) , vol.196 , pp. 65-80
    • Shaw, R.J.1
  • 24
    • 84983718691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mcl-1-dependent activation of Beclin 1 mediates autophagic cell death induced by sorafenib and SC-59 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
    • Tai WT, Shiau CW, Chen HL, Liu CY, Lin CS, Cheng AL, Chen PJ and Chen KF. Mcl-1-dependent activation of Beclin 1 mediates autophagic cell death induced by sorafenib and SC-59 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4: e485.
    • (2013) Cell Death Dis , vol.4
    • Tai, W.T.1    Shiau, C.W.2    Chen, H.L.3    Liu, C.Y.4    Lin, C.S.5    Cheng, A.L.6    Chen, P.J.7    Chen, K.F.8
  • 25
    • 84877628647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in human health and disease
    • Choi AM, Ryter SW and Levine B. Autophagy in human health and disease. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 651-662.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.368 , pp. 651-662
    • Choi, A.M.1    Ryter, S.W.2    Levine, B.3
  • 26
    • 84864960912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy, stress, and cancer metabolism: what doesn't kill you makes you stronger
    • Mathew R and White E. Autophagy, stress, and cancer metabolism: what doesn't kill you makes you stronger. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 2011; 76: 389-396.
    • (2011) Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol , vol.76 , pp. 389-396
    • Mathew, R.1    White, E.2
  • 27
    • 84872733519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy controls p38 activation to promote cell survival under genotoxic stress
    • Qiang L, Wu C, Ming M, Viollet B and He YY. Autophagy controls p38 activation to promote cell survival under genotoxic stress. J Biol Chem 2013; 288: 1603-1611.
    • (2013) J Biol Chem , vol.288 , pp. 1603-1611
    • Qiang, L.1    Wu, C.2    Ming, M.3    Viollet, B.4    He, Y.Y.5
  • 29
    • 11144242211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timeline: Chemotherapy and the war on cancer
    • Chabner BA and Roberts TG Jr. Timeline: Chemotherapy and the war on cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2005; 5: 65-72.
    • (2005) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.5 , pp. 65-72
    • Chabner, B.A.1    Roberts, T.G.2
  • 31
    • 84867182336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy and ionizing radiation in tumors: the "survive or not survive" dilemma
    • Palumbo S and Comincini S. Autophagy and ionizing radiation in tumors: the "survive or not survive" dilemma. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228: 1-8.
    • (2013) J Cell Physiol , vol.228 , pp. 1-8
    • Palumbo, S.1    Comincini, S.2
  • 32
    • 84868197448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Programmed cell death pathways in cancer: a review of apoptosis, autophagy and programmed necrosis
    • Ouyang L, Shi Z, Zhao S, Wang FT, Zhou TT, Liu B and Bao JK. Programmed cell death pathways in cancer: a review of apoptosis, autophagy and programmed necrosis. Cell Prolif 2012; 45: 487-498.
    • (2012) Cell Prolif , vol.45 , pp. 487-498
    • Ouyang, L.1    Shi, Z.2    Zhao, S.3    Wang, F.T.4    Zhou, T.T.5    Liu, B.6    Bao, J.K.7
  • 33
    • 0034012322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagic and apoptotic types of programmed cell death exhibit different fates of cytoskeletal filaments
    • Bursch W, Hochegger K, Torok L, Marian B, Ellinger A and Hermann RS. Autophagic and apoptotic types of programmed cell death exhibit different fates of cytoskeletal filaments. J Cell Sci 2000; 113: 1189-1198.
    • (2000) J Cell Sci , vol.113 , pp. 1189-1198
    • Bursch, W.1    Hochegger, K.2    Torok, L.3    Marian, B.4    Ellinger, A.5    Hermann, R.S.6
  • 34
    • 0030957959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagic proteolysis: control and specificity
    • Blommaart EF, Luiken JJ and Meijer AJ. Autophagic proteolysis: control and specificity. Histochem J 1997; 29: 365-385.
    • (1997) Histochem J , vol.29 , pp. 365-385
    • Blommaart, E.F.1    Luiken, J.J.2    Meijer, A.J.3
  • 35
    • 84874865711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attacking breast cancer at the preinvasion stage by targeting autophagy
    • (Lond Engl)
    • Espina V, Wysolmerski J, Edmiston K and Liotta LA. Attacking breast cancer at the preinvasion stage by targeting autophagy. Womens Health (Lond Engl) 2013; 9: 157-170.
    • (2013) Womens Health , vol.9 , pp. 157-170
    • Espina, V.1    Wysolmerski, J.2    Edmiston, K.3    Liotta, L.A.4
  • 36
    • 78649663247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triple-negative breast cancer: disease entity or title of convenience?
    • Carey L, Winer E, Viale G, Cameron D and Gianni L. Triple-negative breast cancer: disease entity or title of convenience? Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2010; 7: 683-692.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Clin Oncol , vol.7 , pp. 683-692
    • Carey, L.1    Winer, E.2    Viale, G.3    Cameron, D.4    Gianni, L.5
  • 39
    • 0032575551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apg14p and Apg6/Vps30p form a protein complex essential for autophagy in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Kametaka S, Okano T, Ohsumi M and Ohsumi Y. Apg14p and Apg6/Vps30p form a protein complex essential for autophagy in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 22284-22291.
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 22284-22291
    • Kametaka, S.1    Okano, T.2    Ohsumi, M.3    Ohsumi, Y.4
  • 40
    • 0345166111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beclin 1, an autophagy gene essential for early embryonic development, is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor
    • Yue Z, Jin S, Yang C, Levine AJ and Heintz N. Beclin 1, an autophagy gene essential for early embryonic development, is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100: 15077-15082.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.100 , pp. 15077-15082
    • Yue, Z.1    Jin, S.2    Yang, C.3    Levine, A.J.4    Heintz, N.5
  • 43
    • 79953306808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oncogenic Ras-induced expression of Noxa and Beclin-1 promotes autophagic cell death and limits clonogenic survival
    • Elgendy M, Sheridan C, Brumatti G and Martin SJ. Oncogenic Ras-induced expression of Noxa and Beclin-1 promotes autophagic cell death and limits clonogenic survival. Mol Cell 2011; 42: 23-35.
    • (2011) Mol Cell , vol.42 , pp. 23-35
    • Elgendy, M.1    Sheridan, C.2    Brumatti, G.3    Martin, S.J.4
  • 44
    • 0035870257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beclin 1 contains a leucine-rich nuclear export signal that is required for its autophagy and tumor suppressor function
    • Liang XH, Yu J, Brown K and Levine B. Beclin 1 contains a leucine-rich nuclear export signal that is required for its autophagy and tumor suppressor function. Cancer Res 2001; 61: 3443-3449.
    • (2001) Cancer Res , vol.61 , pp. 3443-3449
    • Liang, X.H.1    Yu, J.2    Brown, K.3    Levine, B.4
  • 45
    • 77951237303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Beclin 1 interactome
    • He C and Levine B. The Beclin 1 interactome. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2010; 22: 140-149.
    • (2010) Curr Opin Cell Biol , vol.22 , pp. 140-149
    • He, C.1    Levine, B.2
  • 46
    • 84861526009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deconvoluting the context-dependent role for autophagy in cancer
    • White E. Deconvoluting the context-dependent role for autophagy in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2012; 12: 401-410.
    • (2012) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.12 , pp. 401-410
    • White, E.1
  • 47
    • 7744235672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death by design: apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy
    • Edinger AL and Thompson CB. Death by design: apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2004; 16: 663-669.
    • (2004) Curr Opin Cell Biol , vol.16 , pp. 663-669
    • Edinger, A.L.1    Thompson, C.B.2
  • 49
    • 38049058666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To be or not to be, the level of autophagy is the question: dual roles of autophagy in the survival response to starvation
    • Kang C and Avery L. To be or not to be, the level of autophagy is the question: dual roles of autophagy in the survival response to starvation. Autophagy 2008; 4: 82-84.
    • (2008) Autophagy , vol.4 , pp. 82-84
    • Kang, C.1    Avery, L.2
  • 52
    • 3042742432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of Ras activation in human breast cancer cell signaling, invasion, and anoikis
    • Eckert LB, Repasky GA, Ulku AS, McFall A, Zhou H, Sartor CI and Der CJ. Involvement of Ras activation in human breast cancer cell signaling, invasion, and anoikis. Cancer Res 2004; 64: 4585-4592.
    • (2004) Cancer Res , vol.64 , pp. 4585-4592
    • Eckert, L.B.1    Repasky, G.A.2    Ulku, A.S.3    McFall, A.4    Zhou, H.5    Sartor, C.I.6    Der, C.J.7
  • 53
    • 61849098916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A reason why the ERBB2 gene is amplified and not mutated in breast cancer
    • Birnbaum D, Sircoulomb F and Imbert J. A reason why the ERBB2 gene is amplified and not mutated in breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2009; 9: 5.
    • (2009) Cancer Cell Int , vol.9 , pp. 5
    • Birnbaum, D.1    Sircoulomb, F.2    Imbert, J.3
  • 54
    • 79952066460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p21-activated kinases in Erbb2-positive breast cancer: A new therapeutic target?
    • Arias-Romero LE and Chernoff J. p21-activated kinases in Erbb2-positive breast cancer: A new therapeutic target?. Small GTPases 2010; 1: 124-128.
    • (2010) Small GTPases , vol.1 , pp. 124-128
    • Arias-Romero, L.E.1    Chernoff, J.2
  • 57
    • 79960401862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of autophagy by FIP200 deletion inhibits mammary tumorigenesis
    • Wei H, Wei S, Gan B, Peng X, Zou W and Guan JL. Suppression of autophagy by FIP200 deletion inhibits mammary tumorigenesis. Genes Dev 2011; 25: 1510-1527.
    • (2011) Genes Dev , vol.25 , pp. 1510-1527
    • Wei, H.1    Wei, S.2    Gan, B.3    Peng, X.4    Zou, W.5    Guan, J.L.6
  • 58
    • 24744441497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy is required for maintenance of amino acid levels and protein synthesis under nitrogen starvation
    • Onodera J and Ohsumi Y. Autophagy is required for maintenance of amino acid levels and protein synthesis under nitrogen starvation. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 31582-31586.
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , pp. 31582-31586
    • Onodera, J.1    Ohsumi, Y.2
  • 60
    • 33646831810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of autophagy by sphingosine kinase 1 and its role in cell survival during nutrient starvation
    • Lavieu G, Scarlatti F, Sala G, Carpentier S, Levade T, Ghidoni R, Botti J and Codogno P. Regulation of autophagy by sphingosine kinase 1 and its role in cell survival during nutrient starvation. J Biol Chem 2006; 281: 8518-8527.
    • (2006) J Biol Chem , vol.281 , pp. 8518-8527
    • Lavieu, G.1    Scarlatti, F.2    Sala, G.3    Carpentier, S.4    Levade, T.5    Ghidoni, R.6    Botti, J.7    Codogno, P.8
  • 61
    • 79551631199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ablation of Akt2 induces autophagy through cell cycle arrest, the downregulation of p70S6K, and the deregulation of mitochondria in MDA-MB231 cells
    • Santi SA and Lee H. Ablation of Akt2 induces autophagy through cell cycle arrest, the downregulation of p70S6K, and the deregulation of mitochondria in MDA-MB231 cells. PloS One 2011; 6: e14614.
    • (2011) PloS One , vol.6
    • Santi, S.A.1    Lee, H.2
  • 63
    • 57149142495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of O2 availability on human cancer
    • Bertout JA, Patel SA and Simon MC. The impact of O2 availability on human cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2008; 8: 967-975.
    • (2008) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.8 , pp. 967-975
    • Bertout, J.A.1    Patel, S.A.2    Simon, M.C.3
  • 65
    • 66349121718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia-induced autophagy is mediated through hypoxia-inducible factor induction of BNIP3 and BNIP3L via their BH3 domains
    • Bellot G, Garcia-Medina R, Gounon P, Chiche J, Roux D, Pouyssegur J and Mazure NM. Hypoxia-induced autophagy is mediated through hypoxia-inducible factor induction of BNIP3 and BNIP3L via their BH3 domains. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29: 2570-2581.
    • (2009) Mol Cell Biol , vol.29 , pp. 2570-2581
    • Bellot, G.1    Garcia-Medina, R.2    Gounon, P.3    Chiche, J.4    Roux, D.5    Pouyssegur, J.6    Mazure, N.M.7
  • 68
    • 84872379495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha and carbonic anhydrase IX overexpression are associated with poor survival in breast cancer patients
    • Kaya AO, Gunel N, Benekli M, Akyurek N, Buyukberber S, Tatli H, Coskun U, Yildiz R, Yaman E and Ozturk B. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha and carbonic anhydrase IX overexpression are associated with poor survival in breast cancer patients. J BUON 2012; 17: 663-668.
    • (2012) J BUON , vol.17 , pp. 663-668
    • Kaya, A.O.1    Gunel, N.2    Benekli, M.3    Akyurek, N.4    Buyukberber, S.5    Tatli, H.6    Coskun, U.7    Yildiz, R.8    Yaman, E.9    Ozturk, B.10
  • 69
    • 77954564670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia and metabolic phenotypes during breast carcinogenesis: expression of HIF-1alpha, GLUT1, and CAIX
    • Chen CL, Chu JS, Su WC, Huang SC and Lee WY. Hypoxia and metabolic phenotypes during breast carcinogenesis: expression of HIF-1alpha, GLUT1, and CAIX. Virchows Arch 2010; 457: 53-61.
    • (2010) Virchows Arch , vol.457 , pp. 53-61
    • Chen, C.L.1    Chu, J.S.2    Su, W.C.3    Huang, S.C.4    Lee, W.Y.5
  • 71
    • 84870608916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histone demethylase JMJD2C is a coactivator for hypoxia-inducible factor 1 that is required for breast cancer progression
    • Luo W, Chang R, Zhong J, Pandey A and Semenza GL. Histone demethylase JMJD2C is a coactivator for hypoxia-inducible factor 1 that is required for breast cancer progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109: E3367-3376.
    • (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.109
    • Luo, W.1    Chang, R.2    Zhong, J.3    Pandey, A.4    Semenza, G.L.5
  • 74
    • 52149101812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoxia signals autophagy in tumor cells via AMPK activity, independent of HIF-1, BNIP3, and BNIP3L
    • Papandreou I, Lim AL, Laderoute K and Denko NC. Hypoxia signals autophagy in tumor cells via AMPK activity, independent of HIF-1, BNIP3, and BNIP3L. Cell Death Differ 2008; 15: 1572-1581.
    • (2008) Cell Death Differ , vol.15 , pp. 1572-1581
    • Papandreou, I.1    Lim, A.L.2    Laderoute, K.3    Denko, N.C.4
  • 76
    • 84856551514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • InterfERing with endoplasmic reticulum stress
    • Kraskiewicz H and FitzGerald U. InterfERing with endoplasmic reticulum stress. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33: 53-63.
    • (2012) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.33 , pp. 53-63
    • Kraskiewicz, H.1    FitzGerald, U.2
  • 78
    • 77953232252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates radiation-induced autophagy by perk-eIF2alpha in caspase-3/7-deficient cells
    • Kim KW, Moretti L, Mitchell LR, Jung DK and Lu B. Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates radiation-induced autophagy by perk-eIF2alpha in caspase-3/7-deficient cells. Oncogene 2010; 29: 3241-3251.
    • (2010) Oncogene , vol.29 , pp. 3241-3251
    • Kim, K.W.1    Moretti, L.2    Mitchell, L.R.3    Jung, D.K.4    Lu, B.5
  • 80
    • 33947386684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoplasmic reticulum stress: a new pathway to induce autophagy
    • Yorimitsu T and Klionsky DJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: a new pathway to induce autophagy. Autophagy 2007; 3: 160-162.
    • (2007) Autophagy , vol.3 , pp. 160-162
    • Yorimitsu, T.1    Klionsky, D.J.2
  • 81
    • 77953763757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy induction by capsaicin in malignant human breast cells is modulated by p38 and extracellular signal-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases and retards cell death by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis
    • Choi CH, Jung YK and Oh SH. Autophagy induction by capsaicin in malignant human breast cells is modulated by p38 and extracellular signal-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases and retards cell death by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 78: 114-125.
    • (2010) Mol Pharmacol , vol.78 , pp. 114-125
    • Choi, C.H.1    Jung, Y.K.2    Oh, S.H.3
  • 82
    • 66249085237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of ATF4 stabilization and autophagy in resistance of breast cancer cells treated with Bortezomib
    • Milani M, Rzymski T, Mellor HR, Pike L, Bottini A, Generali D and Harris AL. The role of ATF4 stabilization and autophagy in resistance of breast cancer cells treated with Bortezomib. Cancer Res 2009; 69: 4415-4423.
    • (2009) Cancer Res , vol.69 , pp. 4415-4423
    • Milani, M.1    Rzymski, T.2    Mellor, H.R.3    Pike, L.4    Bottini, A.5    Generali, D.6    Harris, A.L.7
  • 83
    • 38049123578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy promotes necrosis in apoptosis-deficient cells in response to ER stress
    • Ullman E, Fan Y, Stawowczyk M, Chen HM, Yue Z and Zong WX. Autophagy promotes necrosis in apoptosis-deficient cells in response to ER stress. Cell Death Differ 2008; 15: 422-425.
    • (2008) Cell Death Differ , vol.15 , pp. 422-425
    • Ullman, E.1    Fan, Y.2    Stawowczyk, M.3    Chen, H.M.4    Yue, Z.5    Zong, W.X.6
  • 84
  • 85
    • 8144228952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Friends or foes -bipolar effects of the tumour stroma in cancer
    • Mueller MM and Fusenig NE. Friends or foes -bipolar effects of the tumour stroma in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2004; 4: 839-849.
    • (2004) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.4 , pp. 839-849
    • Mueller, M.M.1    Fusenig, N.E.2
  • 86
    • 84865846037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting the tumor stroma as a novel treatment strategy for breast cancer: shifting from the neoplastic cell-centric to a stroma-centric paradigm
    • Tchou J and Conejo-Garcia J. Targeting the tumor stroma as a novel treatment strategy for breast cancer: shifting from the neoplastic cell-centric to a stroma-centric paradigm. Adv Pharmacol 2012; 65: 45-61.
    • (2012) Adv Pharmacol , vol.65 , pp. 45-61
    • Tchou, J.1    Conejo-Garcia, J.2
  • 93
    • 84869467226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketone bodies and two-compartment tumor metabolism: stromal ketone production fuels mitochondrial biogenesis in epithelial cancer cells
    • Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Lin Z, Whitaker-Menezes D, Howell A, Lisanti MP and Sotgia F. Ketone bodies and two-compartment tumor metabolism: stromal ketone production fuels mitochondrial biogenesis in epithelial cancer cells. Cell cycle 2012; 11: 3956-3963.
    • (2012) Cell cycle , vol.11 , pp. 3956-3963
    • Martinez-Outschoorn, U.E.1    Lin, Z.2    Whitaker-Menezes, D.3    Howell, A.4    Lisanti, M.P.5    Sotgia, F.6
  • 95
    • 84055193571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamine fuels a vicious cycle of autophagy in the tumor stroma and oxidative mitochondrial metabolism in epithelial cancer cells: implications for preventing chemotherapy resistance
    • Ko YH, Lin Z, Flomenberg N, Pestell RG, Howell A, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP and Martinez-Outschoorn UE. Glutamine fuels a vicious cycle of autophagy in the tumor stroma and oxidative mitochondrial metabolism in epithelial cancer cells: implications for preventing chemotherapy resistance. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 12: 1085-1097.
    • (2011) Cancer Biol Ther , vol.12 , pp. 1085-1097
    • Ko, Y.H.1    Lin, Z.2    Flomenberg, N.3    Pestell, R.G.4    Howell, A.5    Sotgia, F.6    Lisanti, M.P.7    Martinez-Outschoorn, U.E.8
  • 97
  • 102
    • 84860317909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stromal caveolin-1 expression in breast carcinoma Correlation with early tumor recurrence and clinical outcome
    • El-Gendi SM, Mostafa MF and El-Gendi AM. Stromal caveolin-1 expression in breast carcinoma. Correlation with early tumor recurrence and clinical outcome. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 18: 459-469.
    • (2012) Pathol Oncol Res , vol.18 , pp. 459-469
    • El-Gendi, S.M.1    Mostafa, M.F.2    El-Gendi, A.M.3
  • 103
    • 74849092905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth of hormone-dependent MCF-7 breast cancer cells is promoted by constitutive caveolin-1 whose expression is lost in an EGF-R-mediated manner during development of tamoxifen resistance
    • Thomas NB, Hutcheson IR, Campbell L, Gee J, Taylor KM, Nicholson RI and Gumbleton M. Growth of hormone-dependent MCF-7 breast cancer cells is promoted by constitutive caveolin-1 whose expression is lost in an EGF-R-mediated manner during development of tamoxifen resistance. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 119: 575-591.
    • (2010) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.119 , pp. 575-591
    • Thomas, N.B.1    Hutcheson, I.R.2    Campbell, L.3    Gee, J.4    Taylor, K.M.5    Nicholson, R.I.6    Gumbleton, M.7
  • 105
    • 48949119473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human breast cancer cell lines contain stem-like cells that self-renew, give rise to phenotypically diverse progeny and survive chemotherapy
    • Fillmore CM and Kuperwasser C. Human breast cancer cell lines contain stem-like cells that self-renew, give rise to phenotypically diverse progeny and survive chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res 2008; 10: R25.
    • (2008) Breast Cancer Res , vol.10
    • Fillmore, C.M.1    Kuperwasser, C.2
  • 106
    • 84863736653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of stem cell deregulation and breast cancer: an emerging hypothesis
    • Kumar DH and Kutty MK. Review of stem cell deregulation and breast cancer: an emerging hypothesis. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2012; 55: 147-153.
    • (2012) Indian J Pathol Microbiol , vol.55 , pp. 147-153
    • Kumar, D.H.1    Kutty, M.K.2
  • 109
    • 0037264812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metastasis suppressors alter the signal transduction of cancer cells
    • Steeg PS. Metastasis suppressors alter the signal transduction of cancer cells. Nat Rev Cancer 2003; 3: 55-63.
    • (2003) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.3 , pp. 55-63
    • Steeg, P.S.1
  • 110
    • 41449114759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detachment-induced autophagy during anoikis and lumen formation in epithelial acini
    • Debnath J. Detachment-induced autophagy during anoikis and lumen formation in epithelial acini. Autophagy 2008; 4: 351-353.
    • (2008) Autophagy , vol.4 , pp. 351-353
    • Debnath, J.1
  • 111
    • 59249105413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detachment-induced autophagy in three-dimensional epithelial cell cultures
    • Debnath J. Detachment-induced autophagy in three-dimensional epithelial cell cultures. Methods Enzymol 2009; 452: 423-439.
    • (2009) Methods Enzymol , vol.452 , pp. 423-439
    • Debnath, J.1
  • 112
    • 82755190844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anoikis: an emerging hallmark in health and diseases
    • Taddei ML, Giannoni E, Fiaschi T and Chiarugi P. Anoikis: an emerging hallmark in health and diseases. J Pathol 2012; 226: 380-393.
    • (2012) J Pathol , vol.226 , pp. 380-393
    • Taddei, M.L.1    Giannoni, E.2    Fiaschi, T.3    Chiarugi, P.4
  • 113
    • 41449109334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of autophagy during extracellular matrix detachment promotes cell survival
    • Fung C, Lock R, Gao S, Salas E and Debnath J. Induction of autophagy during extracellular matrix detachment promotes cell survival. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19: 797-806.
    • (2008) Mol Biol Cell , vol.19 , pp. 797-806
    • Fung, C.1    Lock, R.2    Gao, S.3    Salas, E.4    Debnath, J.5
  • 114
    • 1542513774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is required for induction of autophagy during lumen formation in vitro
    • Mills KR, Reginato M, Debnath J, Queenan B and Brugge JS. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is required for induction of autophagy during lumen formation in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101: 3438-3443.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.101 , pp. 3438-3443
    • Mills, K.R.1    Reginato, M.2    Debnath, J.3    Queenan, B.4    Brugge, J.S.5
  • 115
    • 78649369742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenomenon
    • Savagner P. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenomenon. Ann Oncol 2010; 21 Suppl 7: vii89-92.
    • (2010) Ann Oncol , vol.21 , Issue.SUPPL. 7
    • Savagner, P.1
  • 116
    • 84863578884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DEDD interacts with PI3KC3 to activate autophagy and attenuate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer
    • Lv Q, Wang W, Xue J, Hua F, Mu R, Lin H, Yan J, Lv X, Chen X and Hu ZW. DEDD interacts with PI3KC3 to activate autophagy and attenuate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer. Cancer Res 2012; 72: 3238-3250.
    • (2012) Cancer Res , vol.72 , pp. 3238-3250
    • Lv, Q.1    Wang, W.2    Xue, J.3    Hua, F.4    Mu, R.5    Lin, H.6    Yan, J.7    Lv, X.8    Chen, X.9    Hu, Z.W.10
  • 118
    • 84871830508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metastasis: Epithelial to mesenchymal and back again
    • Alderton GK. Metastasis: Epithelial to mesenchymal and back again. Nat Rev Cancer 2013; 13: 3.
    • (2013) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.13 , pp. 3
    • Alderton, G.K.1
  • 119
    • 78649467513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does tumour dormancy offer a therapeutic target?
    • Goss PE and Chambers AF. Does tumour dormancy offer a therapeutic target?. Nat Rev Cancer 2010; 10: 871-877.
    • (2010) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.10 , pp. 871-877
    • Goss, P.E.1    Chambers, A.F.2
  • 121
    • 5144235557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted disruption of beta1-integrin in a transgenic mouse model of human breast cancer reveals an essential role in mammary tumor induction
    • White DE, Kurpios NA, Zuo D, Hassell JA, Blaess S, Mueller U and Muller WJ. Targeted disruption of beta1-integrin in a transgenic mouse model of human breast cancer reveals an essential role in mammary tumor induction. Cancer cell 2004; 6: 159-170.
    • (2004) Cancer cell , vol.6 , pp. 159-170
    • White, D.E.1    Kurpios, N.A.2    Zuo, D.3    Hassell, J.A.4    Blaess, S.5    Mueller, U.6    Muller, W.J.7
  • 122
    • 77951212660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy and metastasis: another double-edged sword
    • Kenific CM, Thorburn A and Debnath J. Autophagy and metastasis: another double-edged sword. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2010; 22: 241-245.
    • (2010) Curr Opin Cell Biol , vol.22 , pp. 241-245
    • Kenific, C.M.1    Thorburn, A.2    Debnath, J.3
  • 123
    • 50349098812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of protective autophagy in TRAIL resistance of apoptosis-defective tumor cells
    • Han J, Hou W, Goldstein LA, Lu C, Stolz DB, Yin XM and Rabinowich H. Involvement of protective autophagy in TRAIL resistance of apoptosis-defective tumor cells. J Biol Chem 2008; 283: 19665-19677.
    • (2008) J Biol Chem , vol.283 , pp. 19665-19677
    • Han, J.1    Hou, W.2    Goldstein, L.A.3    Lu, C.4    Stolz, D.B.5    Yin, X.M.6    Rabinowich, H.7
  • 126
    • 84863661689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic targets in cancer cell metabolism and autophagy
    • Cheong H, Lu C, Lindsten T and Thompson CB. Therapeutic targets in cancer cell metabolism and autophagy. Nat Biotechnol 2012; 30: 671-678.
    • (2012) Nat Biotechnol , vol.30 , pp. 671-678
    • Cheong, H.1    Lu, C.2    Lindsten, T.3    Thompson, C.B.4
  • 128
    • 79960917666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy as a mediator of chemotherapy-induced cell death in cancer
    • Notte A, Leclere L and Michiels C. Autophagy as a mediator of chemotherapy-induced cell death in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82: 427-434.
    • (2011) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.82 , pp. 427-434
    • Notte, A.1    Leclere, L.2    Michiels, C.3
  • 129
    • 65349114832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potentiating effects of RAD001 (Everolimus) on vincristine therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
    • Crazzolara R, Cisterne A, Thien M, Hewson J, Baraz R, Bradstock KF and Bendall LJ. Potentiating effects of RAD001 (Everolimus) on vincristine therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2009; 113: 3297-3306.
    • (2009) Blood , vol.113 , pp. 3297-3306
    • Crazzolara, R.1    Cisterne, A.2    Thien, M.3    Hewson, J.4    Baraz, R.5    Bradstock, K.F.6    Bendall, L.J.7
  • 130
    • 17144427728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synergistic augmentation of rapamycin-induced autophagy in malignant glioma cells by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B inhibitors
    • Takeuchi H, Kondo Y, Fujiwara K, Kanzawa T, Aoki H, Mills GB and Kondo S. Synergistic augmentation of rapamycin-induced autophagy in malignant glioma cells by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B inhibitors. Cancer Res 2005; 65: 3336-3346.
    • (2005) Cancer Res , vol.65 , pp. 3336-3346
    • Takeuchi, H.1    Kondo, Y.2    Fujiwara, K.3    Kanzawa, T.4    Aoki, H.5    Mills, G.B.6    Kondo, S.7
  • 132
    • 84859360525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic metformin/AMPK activation blocked lymphoma cell growth via inhibition of mTOR pathway and induction of autophagy
    • Shi WY, Xiao D, Wang L, Dong LH, Yan ZX, Shen ZX, Chen SJ, Chen Y and Zhao WL. Therapeutic metformin/AMPK activation blocked lymphoma cell growth via inhibition of mTOR pathway and induction of autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3: e275.
    • (2012) Cell Death Dis , vol.3
    • Shi, W.Y.1    Xiao, D.2    Wang, L.3    Dong, L.H.4    Yan, Z.X.5    Shen, Z.X.6    Chen, S.J.7    Chen, Y.8    Zhao, W.L.9
  • 133
    • 65949086045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atg5 regulates phenethyl isothiocyanate-induced autophagic and apoptotic cell death in human prostate cancer cells
    • Bommareddy A, Hahm ER, Xiao D, Powolny AA, Fisher AL, Jiang Y and Singh SV. Atg5 regulates phenethyl isothiocyanate-induced autophagic and apoptotic cell death in human prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res 2009; 69: 3704-3712.
    • (2009) Cancer Res , vol.69 , pp. 3704-3712
    • Bommareddy, A.1    Hahm, E.R.2    Xiao, D.3    Powolny, A.A.4    Fisher, A.L.5    Jiang, Y.6    Singh, S.V.7
  • 136
    • 40449086885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blocked autophagy sensitizes resistant carcinoma cells to radiation therapy
    • Apel A, Herr I, Schwarz H, Rodemann HP and Mayer A. Blocked autophagy sensitizes resistant carcinoma cells to radiation therapy. Cancer Res 2008; 68: 1485-1494.
    • (2008) Cancer Res , vol.68 , pp. 1485-1494
    • Apel, A.1    Herr, I.2    Schwarz, H.3    Rodemann, H.P.4    Mayer, A.5
  • 137
    • 56549116658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macroautophagy inhibition sensitizes tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells and enhances mitochondrial depolarization
    • Qadir MA, Kwok B, Dragowska WH, To KH, Le D, Bally MB and Gorski SM. Macroautophagy inhibition sensitizes tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells and enhances mitochondrial depolarization. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 112: 389-403.
    • (2008) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.112 , pp. 389-403
    • Qadir, M.A.1    Kwok, B.2    Dragowska, W.H.3    To, K.H.4    Le, D.5    Bally, M.B.6    Gorski, S.M.7
  • 138
    • 67650885510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy facilitates the development of breast cancer resistance to the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab
    • Vazquez-Martin A, Oliveras-Ferraros C and Menendez JA. Autophagy facilitates the development of breast cancer resistance to the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab. PloS One 2009; 4: e6251.
    • (2009) PloS One , vol.4
    • Vazquez-Martin, A.1    Oliveras-Ferraros, C.2    Menendez, J.A.3
  • 139
    • 80655125020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting energy metabolic and oncogenic signaling pathways in triple-negative breast cancer by a novel adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator
    • Lee KH, Hsu EC, Guh JH, Yang HC, Wang D, Kulp SK, Shapiro CL and Chen CS. Targeting energy metabolic and oncogenic signaling pathways in triple-negative breast cancer by a novel adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator. J Biol Chem 2011; 286: 39247-39258.
    • (2011) J Biol Chem , vol.286 , pp. 39247-39258
    • Lee, K.H.1    Hsu, E.C.2    Guh, J.H.3    Yang, H.C.4    Wang, D.5    Kulp, S.K.6    Shapiro, C.L.7    Chen, C.S.8
  • 141
    • 84865300412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferential killing of triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo when pharmacological aggravators of endoplasmic reticulum stress are combined with autophagy inhibitors
    • Thomas S, Sharma N, Golden EB, Cho H, Agarwal P, Gaffney KJ, Petasis NA, Chen TC, Hofman FM, Louie SG and Schonthal AH. Preferential killing of triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo when pharmacological aggravators of endoplasmic reticulum stress are combined with autophagy inhibitors. Cancer Lett 2012; 325: 63-71.
    • (2012) Cancer Lett , vol.325 , pp. 63-71
    • Thomas, S.1    Sharma, N.2    Golden, E.B.3    Cho, H.4    Agarwal, P.5    Gaffney, K.J.6    Petasis, N.A.7    Chen, T.C.8    Hofman, F.M.9    Louie, S.G.10    Schonthal, A.H.11
  • 143
    • 84862603409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual functions of autophagy in the response of breast tumor cells to radiation: cytoprotective autophagy with radiation alone and cytotoxic autophagy in radiosensitization by vitamin D3
    • Bristol ML, Di X, Beckman MJ, Wilson EN, Henderson SC, Maiti A, Fan Z and Gewirtz DA. Dual functions of autophagy in the response of breast tumor cells to radiation: cytoprotective autophagy with radiation alone and cytotoxic autophagy in radiosensitization by vitamin D3. Autophagy 2012; 8: 739-753.
    • (2012) Autophagy , vol.8 , pp. 739-753
    • Bristol, M.L.1    Di, X.2    Beckman, M.J.3    Wilson, E.N.4    Henderson, S.C.5    Maiti, A.6    Fan, Z.7    Gewirtz, D.A.8
  • 144
    • 84875364684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3-Methyladenine induces cell death and its interaction with chemotherapeutic drugs is independent of autophagy
    • Sheng Y, Sun B, Guo WT, Zhang YH, Liu X, Xing Y and Dong DL. 3-Methyladenine induces cell death and its interaction with chemotherapeutic drugs is independent of autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 432: 5-9.
    • (2013) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.432 , pp. 5-9
    • Sheng, Y.1    Sun, B.2    Guo, W.T.3    Zhang, Y.H.4    Liu, X.5    Xing, Y.6    Dong, D.L.7
  • 145
    • 71749096160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine and its analogs: a new promise of an old drug for effective and safe cancer therapies
    • Solomon VR and Lee H. Chloroquine and its analogs: a new promise of an old drug for effective and safe cancer therapies. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 625: 220-233.
    • (2009) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.625 , pp. 220-233
    • Solomon, V.R.1    Lee, H.2
  • 147
    • 37649005234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in the pathogenesis of disease
    • Levine B and Kroemer G. Autophagy in the pathogenesis of disease. Cell 2008; 132: 27-42.
    • (2008) Cell , vol.132 , pp. 27-42
    • Levine, B.1    Kroemer, G.2
  • 148
    • 60549093730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy inhibition compromises degradation of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway substrates
    • Korolchuk VI, Mansilla A, Menzies FM and Rubinsztein DC. Autophagy inhibition compromises degradation of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway substrates. Mol Cell 2009; 33: 517-527.
    • (2009) Mol Cell , vol.33 , pp. 517-527
    • Korolchuk, V.I.1    Mansilla, A.2    Menzies, F.M.3    Rubinsztein, D.C.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.