20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid is a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases

Current Drug Metabolism

Volumn 14, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 706-719

  Elshenawy, Osama H ^a   Anwar Mohamed, Anwar ^a   El Kadi, Ayman O S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

20 hydroxyeicosatetraeonic acid (20 HETE); Arachidonic acid (AA); Cardiovascular diseases; Cytochrome P450s (CYPs)

Indexed keywords

20 HYDROXYICOSATETRAENOIC ACID; ANDROGEN; CLOFIBRATE; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; CYTOCHROME P450 4A; DEOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE; ENDOTOXIN; HEME ARGINATE; ICOSANOID; ISOMERASE; N(G) NITROARGININE METHYL ESTER; NATRIURETIC FACTOR; PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHASE; ROFECOXIB;

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; CARDIOTOXICITY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG GLUCURONIDATION; DRUG HYDROXYLATION; DRUG METABOLISM; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; GLUCURONIDATION; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEART VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPOTENSION; INDUCED HYPOTENSION; KIDNEY TUBULE; NONHUMAN; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; REPERFUSION INJURY;

ANIMALS; ARACHIDONIC ACID; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; HUMANS; HYDROXYEICOSATETRAENOIC ACIDS; HYDROXYLATION;

EID: 84882410850     PISSN: 13892002     EISSN: 18755453     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1389200211314060007     Document Type: Article

References (152)

1. Imig, J. D. Epoxides and soluble epoxide hydrolase in cardiovascular physiology. Physiol. Rev., 2012, 92(1), 101-130.
2. Medhora, M.; Dhanasekaran, A.; Gruenloh, S. K.; Dunn, L. K.; Gabrilovich, M.; Falck, J. R.; Harder, D. R.; Jacobs, E. R.; Pratt, P. F. Emerging mechanisms for growth and protection of the vasculature by cytochrome P450-derived products of arachidonic acid and other eicosanoids. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat., 2007, 82(1-4), 19-29.
3. Carroll, M. A.; McGiff, J. C. A new class of lipid mediators: cytochrome P450 arachidonate metabolites. Thorax, 2000, 55 Suppl 2, S13-16.
4. Omata, K.; Abe, K.; Sheu, H. L.; Yoshida, K.; Tsutsumi, E.; Yoshinaga, K.; Abraham, N. G.; Laniado-Schwartzman, M. Roles of renal cytochrome P450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolites in hypertension. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1992, 166(1), 93-106.
5. Poloyac, S. M.; Tortorici, M. A.; Przychodzin, D. I.; Reynolds, R. B.; Xie, W.; Frye, R. F.; Zemaitis, M. A. The effect of isoniazid on CYP2E1-and CYP4A-mediated hydroxylation of arachidonic acid in the rat liver and kidney. Drug Metab. Dispos., 2004, 32(7), 727-733.
6. Zhang, D.; Huo, H. L.; Zhang, Y. N.; Zeng, Q. H., [Roles of 20-HETE on physiologic and pathologic regulation in organism]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan, 2007, 38(2), 120-124.
7. Sacerdoti, D.; Gatta, A.; McGiff, J. C. Role of cytochrome P450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolites in liver physiology and pathophysiology. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat., 2003, 72(1-2), 51-71.
8. Cloutier, M.; Campbell, S.; Basora, N.; Proteau, S.; Payet, M. D.; Rousseau, E. 20-HETE inotropic effects involve the activation of a nonselective cationic current in airway smooth muscle. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol., 2003, 285(3), L560-568.
9. Alexanian, A.; Miller, B.; Roman, R. J.; Sorokin, A. 20-HETE-producing Enzymes Are Up-regulated in Human Cancers. Cancer Genomics Proteomics, 2012, 9(4), 163-169.
10. Miyata, N.; Roman, R. J. Role of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in vascular system. J. Smooth Muscle Res., 2005, 41(4), 175-193.
11. Harder, D. R.; Lange, A. R.; Gebremedhin, D.; Birks, E. K.; Roman, R. J. Cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid as intracellular signaling molecules in vascular tissue. J. Vasc. Res., 1997, 34(3), 237-243.
12. Ng, V. Y.; Huang, Y.; Reddy, L. M.; Falck, J. R.; Lin, E. T.; Kroetz, D. L. Cytochrome P450 eicosanoids are activators of peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor alpha. Drug Metab. Dispos., 2007, 35(7), 1126-1134.
13. Roman, R. J. P-450 metabolites of arachidonic acid in the control of cardiovascular function. Physiol. Rev., 2002, 82(1), 131-185.
14. Xu, F.; Falck, J. R.; Ortiz de Montellano, P. R.; Kroetz, D. L. Catalytic activity and isoform-specific inhibition of rat cytochrome p450 4F enzymes. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2004, 308(3), 887-895.
15. Grasso, E.; Longo, V.; Coceani, F.; Giovanni Gervasi, P. Cytochrome P450 expression and catalytic activity in coronary arteries and liver of cattle. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2005, 1722(2), 116-123.
16. Theken, K. N.; Deng, Y.; Kannon, M. A.; Miller, T. M.; Poloyac, S. M.; Lee, C. R. Activation of the acute inflammatory response alters cytochrome P450 expression and eicosanoid metabolism. Drug Metab. Dispos., 2011, 39(1), 22-29.
17. Devos, A.; Lino Cardenas, C. L.; Glowacki, F.; Engels, A.; Lo-Guidice, J. M.; Chevalier, D.; Allorge, D.; Broly, F.; Cauffiez, C. Genetic polymorphism of CYP2U1, a cytochrome P450 involved in fatty acids hydroxylation. Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids, 2010, 83(2), 105-110.
18. Wu, J. H.; Hodgson, J. M.; Clarke, M. W.; Indrawan, A. P.; Barden, A. E.; Puddey, I. B.; Croft, K. D. Inhibition of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid synthesis using specific plant lignans: in vitro and human studies. Hypertension, 2009, 54(5), 1151-1158.
19. Zhang, F.; Chen, C. L.; Qian, J. Q.; Yan, J. T.; Cianflone, K.; Xiao, X.; Wang, D. W. Long-term modifications of blood pressure in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats by gene delivery of rAAV-mediated cytochrome P450 arachidonic acid hydroxylase. Cell Res., 2005, 15(9), 717-724.
20. Imaoka, S.; Hashizume, T.; Funae, Y. Localization of rat cytochrome P450 in various tissues and comparison of arachidonic acid metabolism by rat P450 with that by human P450 orthologs. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 2005, 20(6), 478-484.
21. Messina, A.; Nencioni, S.; Gervasi, P. G.; Gotlinger, K. H.; Schwartzman, M. L.; Longo, V. Molecular cloning and enzymatic characterization of sheep CYP2J. Xenobiotica, 2010, 40(2), 109-118.
22. McGiff, J. C.; Quilley, J. 20-HETE and the kidney: resolution of old problems and new beginnings. Am. J. Physiol., 1999, 277(3 Pt 2), R607-623.
23. Oyekan, A. O.; McGiff, J. C. Functional response of the rat kidney to inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis: role of cytochrome p450-derived arachidonate metabolites. Br. J. Pharmacol., 1998, 125(5), 1065-1073.
24. Askari, B.; Bell-Quilley, C. P.; Fulton, D.; Quilley, J.; McGiff, J. C. Analysis of eicosanoid mediation of the renal functional effects of hyperchloremia. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1997, 282(1), 101-107.
25. Sacerdoti, D.; Balazy, M.; Angeli, P.; Gatta, A.; McGiff, J. C. Eicosanoid excretion in hepatic cirrhosis. Predominance of 20-HETE. J. Clin. Invest., 1997, 100(5), 1264-1270.
26. Little, J. M.; Kurkela, M.; Sonka, J.; Jantti, S.; Ketola, R.; Bratton, S.; Finel, M.; Radominska-Pandya, A. Glucuronidation of oxidized fatty acids and prostaglandins B1 and E2 by human hepatic and recombinant UDP- glucuronosyltransferases. J. Lipid Res., 2004, 45(9), 1694-1703.
27. Xu, F.; Straub, W. O.; Pak, W.; Su, P.; Maier, K. G.; Yu, M.; Roman, R. J.; Ortiz De Montellano, P. R.; Kroetz, D. L. Antihypertensive effect of mechanism-based inhibition of renal arachidonic acid omega-hydroxylase activity. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 2002, 283(3), R710-720.
28. Williams, J. M.; Murphy, S.; Burke, M.; Roman, R. J. 20- hydroxyeicosatetraeonic acid: a new target for the treatment of hypertension. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2010, 56(4), 336-344.
29. Kroetz, D. L.; Xu, F., Regulation and inhibition of arachidonic acid omega-hydroxylases and 20-HETE formation. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 2005, 45, 413-438.
30. Regner, K. R.; Zuk, A.; Van Why, S. K.; Shames, B. D.; Ryan, R. P.; Falck, J. R.; Manthati, V. L.; McMullen, M. E.; Ledbetter, S. R.; Roman, R. J. Protective effect of 20-HETE analogues in experimental renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Kidney Int., 2009, 75(5), 511-517.
31. Nakamura, T.; Ishii, T.; Miyata, N.; Taniguchi, K.; Tomishima, Y.; Ueki, T.; Sato, M. Design and synthesis of 1-(4-benzoylphenyl)imidazole derivatives as new potent 20-HETE synthase inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2004, 14(21), 5305-5308.
32. Sato, M.; Ishii, T.; Kobayashi-Matsunaga, Y.; Amada, H.; Taniguchi, K.; Miyata, N.; Kameo, K. Discovery of a N'-hydroxyphenylformamidine derivative HET0016 as a potent and selective 20-HETE synthase inhibitor. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2001, 11(23), 2993-2995.
33. Miyata, N.; Taniguchi, K.; Seki, T.; Ishimoto, T.; Sato-Watanabe, M.; Yasuda, Y.; Doi, M.; Kametani, S.; Tomishima, Y.; Ueki, T.; Sato, M.; Kameo, K. HET0016, a potent and selective inhibitor of 20-HETE synthesizing enzyme. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2001, 133(3), 325-329.
34. Gebremedhin, D.; Ma, Y. H.; Imig, J. D.; Harder, D. R.; Roman, R. J. Role of cytochrome P-450 in elevating renal vascular tone in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J. Vasc. Res., 1993, 30(1), 53-60.
35. Zou, A. P.; Ma, Y. H.; Sui, Z. H.; Ortiz de Montellano, P. R.; Clark, J. E.; Masters, B. S.; Roman, R. J. Effects of 17-octadecynoic acid, a suicide-substrate inhibitor of cytochrome P450 fatty acid omega-hydroxylase, on renal function in rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1994, 268(1), 474-481.
36. Yanes, L. L.; Lima, R.; Moulana, M.; Romero, D. G.; Yuan, K.; Ryan, M. J.; Baker, R.; Zhang, H.; Fan, F.; Davis, D. D.; Roman, R. J.; Reckelhoff, J. F. Postmenopausal hypertension: role of 20-HETE. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 2011, 300(6), R1543-1548.
37. Chabova, V. C.; Kramer, H. J.; Vaneckova, I.; Vernerova, Z.; Eis, V.; Tesar, V.; Skaroupkova, P.; Thumova, M.; Schejbalova, S.; Huskova, Z.; Vanourkova, Z.; Kolsky, A.; Imig, J. D.; Cervenka, L. Effects of chronic cytochrome P-450 inhibition on the course of hypertension and end-organ damage in Ren-2 transgenic rats. Vascul. Pharmacol., 2007, 47(2-3), 145-159.
38. Tunctan, B.; Korkmaz, B.; Buharalioglu, C. K.; Firat, S. S.; Anjaiah, S.; Falck, J.; Roman, R. J.; Malik, K. U. A 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid agonist, N-[20-hydroxyeicosa-5(Z), 14(Z)-dienoyl]glycine, opposes the fall in blood pressure and vascular reactivity in endotoxin-treated rats. Shock, 2008, 30(3), 329-335.
39. Cuez, T.; Korkmaz, B.; Buharalioglu, C. K.; Sahan-Firat, S.; Falck, J.; Malik, K. U.; Tunctan, B. A synthetic analogue of 20-HETE, 5, 14-HEDGE, reverses endotoxin-induced hypotension via increased 20-HETE levels associated with decreased iNOS protein expression and vasodilator prostanoid production in rats. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 2010, 106(5), 378-388.
40. Hoff, U.; Lukitsch, I.; Chaykovska, L.; Ladwig, M.; Arnold, C.; Manthati, V. L.; Fuller, T. F.; Schneider, W.; Gollasch, M.; Muller, D. N.; Flemming, B.; Seeliger, E.; Luft, F. C.; Falck, J. R.; Dragun, D.; Schunck, W. H. Inhibition of 20-HETE synthesis and action protects the kidney from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Kidney Int., 2011, 79(1), 57-65.
41. Chu, Z. M.; Croft, K. D.; Kingsbury, D. A.; Falck, J. R.; Reddy, K. M.; Beilin, L. J. Cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid may be important mediators in angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction in the rat mesentery in vivo. Clin. Sci., 2000, 98(3), 277-282.
42. Roman, R. J.; Maier, K. G.; Sun, C. W.; Harder, D. R.; Alonso-Galicia, M. Renal and cardiovascular actions of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 2000, 27(11), 855-865.
43. Kaide, J.; Zhang, F.; Wei, Y.; Wang, W.; Gopal, V. R.; Falck, J. R.; Laniado-Schwartzman, M.; Nasjletti, A. Vascular CO counterbalances the sensitizing influence of 20-HETE on agonist-induced vasoconstriction. Hypertension, 2004, 44(2), 210-216.
44. Qi, L.; Meng, L.; Li, Y.; Qu, Y. Arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure influences CYP4A distribution in the rat brain. Histol. Histopathol., 2012, 27(7), 897-903.
45. Baines, A. D.; Ho, P. 20-HETE-mediated vasoconstriction by hemoglobin-O2 carrier in Sprague-Dawley but not Wistar rats. J. Appl. Physiol., 2005, 98(3), 772-779.
46. Baragatti, B.; Coceani, F. Arachidonic acid epoxygenase and 12(S)-lipoxygenase: evidence of their concerted involvement in ductus arteriosus constriction to oxygen. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 2011, 89(5), 329-334.
47. Althurwi, H. N.; Tse, M. M.; Abdelhamid, G.; Zordoky, B. N.; Hammock, B. D.; El-Kadi, A. O. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, tups, protects against isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2012, 10.1111/bph.12066.
48. Aboutabl, M. E.; Zordoky, B. N.; El-Kadi, A. O. 3-methylcholanthrene and benzo(a)pyrene modulate cardiac cytochrome P450 gene expression and arachidonic acid metabolism in male Sprague Dawley rats. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2009, 158(7), 1808-1819.
49. Zordoky, B. N.; Anwar-Mohamed, A.; Aboutabl, M. E.; El-Kadi, A. O. Acute doxorubicin cardiotoxicity alters cardiac cytochrome P450 expression and arachidonic acid metabolism in rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2010, 242(1), 38-46.
50. Yousif, M. H.; Benter, I. F.; Roman, R. J. Cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid play a role in the enhanced cardiac dysfunction in diabetic rats following ischaemic reperfusion injury. Auton. Autacoid Pharmacol., 2009, 29(1-2), 33-41.
51. Gross, G. J.; Falck, J. R.; Gross, E. R.; Isbell, M.; Moore, J.; Nithipatikom, K. Cytochrome P450 and arachidonic acid metabolites: role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury revisited. Cardiovasc. Res., 2005, 68(1), 18-25.
52. Seubert, J. M.; Zeldin, D. C.; Nithipatikom, K.; Gross, G. J. Role of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in protecting the myocardium following ischemia/reperfusion injury. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat., 2007, 82(1-4), 50-59.
53. Zeng, Q.; Han, Y.; Bao, Y.; Li, W.; Li, X.; Shen, X.; Wang, X.; Yao, F.; O'Rourke, S. T.; Sun, C. 20-HETE increases NADPH oxidase-derived ROS production and stimulates the L-type Ca2+ channel via a PKC-dependent mechanism in cardiomyocytes. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2010, 299(4), H1109-1117.
54. Nilakantan, V.; Maenpaa, C.; Jia, G.; Roman, R. J.; Park, F. 20-HETE-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis in ischemic kidney epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2008, 294(3), F562-570.
55. Bao, Y.; Wang, X.; Li, W.; Huo, D.; Shen, X.; Han, Y.; Tan, J.; Zeng, Q.; Sun, C. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid induces apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes through mitochondrial-dependent pathways. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2011, 57(3), 294-301.
56. Lv, X.; Wan, J.; Yang, J.; Cheng, H.; Li, Y.; Ao, Y.; Peng, R. Cytochrome P450 omega-hydroxylase inhibition reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis via activation of ERK1/2 signaling in rat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2008, 596(1-3), 118-126.
57. Nithipatikom, K.; Gross, E. R.; Endsley, M. P.; Moore, J. M.; Isbell, M. A.; Falck, J. R.; Campbell, W. B.; Gross, G. J. Inhibition of cytochrome P450omega-hydroxylase: a novel endogenous cardioprotective pathway. Circ. Res., 2004, 95(8), e65-71.
58. Nithipatikom, K.; Endsley, M. P.; Moore, J. M.; Isbell, M. A.; Falck, J. R.; Campbell, W. B.; Gross, G. J. Effects of selective inhibition of cytochrome P-450 omega-hydroxylases and ischemic preconditioning in myocardial protection. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2006, 290(2), H500-505.
59. Liu, J. Y.; Li, N.; Yang, J.; Qiu, H.; Ai, D.; Chiamvimonvat, N.; Zhu, Y.; Hammock, B. D. Metabolic profiling of murine plasma reveals an unexpected biomarker in rofecoxib-mediated cardiovascular events. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2010, 107(39), 17017-17022.
60. Liang, C. J.; Tseng, C. P.; Yang, C. M.; Ma, Y. H. 20- Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid inhibits ATP-induced COX-2 expression via peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-alpha in vascular smooth muscle cells. Br. J. Pharmacol., 2011, 163(4), 815-825.
61. Anwar-mohamed, A.; Zordoky, B. N.; Aboutabl, M. E.; El-Kadi, A. O. Alteration of cardiac cytochrome P450-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism in response to lipopolysaccharide-induced acute systemic inflammation. Pharmacol. Res., 2010, 61(5), 410-418.
62. Schwartzman, M. L.; da Silva, J. L.; Lin, F.; Nishimura, M.; Abraham, N. G. Cytochrome P450 4A expression and arachidonic acid omega-hydroxylation in the kidney of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Nephron, 1996, 73(4), 652-663.
63. Moreno, C.; Maier, K. G.; Hoagland, K. M.; Yu, M.; Roman, R. J. Abnormal pressure-natriuresis in hypertension: role of cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid. Am. J. Hypertens., 2001, 14(6 Pt 2), 90S-97S.
64. Fava, C.; Ricci, M.; Melander, O.; Minuz, P. Hypertension, cardiovascular risk and polymorphisms in genes controlling the cytochrome P450 pathway of arachidonic acid: A sex-specific relation? Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat., 2012, 98(3-4), 75-85.
65. Wu, C. C.; Schwartzman, M. L. The role of 20-HETE in androgen-mediated hypertension. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat., 2011, 96(1-4), 45-53.
66. Wang, J. S.; Singh, H.; Zhang, F.; Ishizuka, T.; Deng, H.; Kemp, R.; Wolin, M. S.; Hintze, T. H.; Abraham, N. G.; Nasjletti, A.; Laniado-Schwartzman, M. Endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in rats transduced with CYP4A2 adenovirus. Circ. Res., 2006, 98(7), 962-969.
67. Inoue, K.; Sodhi, K.; Puri, N.; Gotlinger, K. H.; Cao, J.; Rezzani, R.; Falck, J. R.; Abraham, N. G.; Laniado-Schwartzman, M. Endothelial-specific CYP4A2 overexpression leads to renal injury and hypertension via increased production of 20-HETE. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2009, 297(4), F875-884.
68. Hao, C. M.; Breyer, M. D. Physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of lipid mediators in the kidney. Kidney Int., 2007, 71(11), 1105-1115.
69. Cheng, J.; Garcia, V.; Ding, Y.; Wu, C. C.; Thakar, K.; Falck, J. R.; Ramu, E.; Schwartzman, M. L. Induction of Angiotensin-converting enzyme and activation of the Renin-Angiotensin system contribute to 20- hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid-mediated endothelial dysfunction. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2012, 32(8), 1917-1924.
70. Singh, H.; Schwartzman, M. L., Renal vascular cytochrome P450-derived eicosanoids in androgen-induced hypertension. Pharmacol. Rep., 2008, 60 (1), 29-37.
71. Cheng, J.; Wu, C. C.; Gotlinger, K. H.; Zhang, F.; Falck, J. R.; Narsimhaswamy, D.; Schwartzman, M. L. 20-hydroxy-5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraenoic acid mediates endothelial dysfunction via IkappaB kinase-dependent endothelial nitric-oxide synthase uncoupling. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2010, 332(1), 57-65.
72. Liang, C. J.; Ives, H. E.; Yang, C. M.; Ma, Y. H. 20-HETE inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells via transforming growth factor-beta. J. Lipid Res., 2008, 49(1), 66-73.
73. Dahly-Vernon, A. J.; Sharma, M.; McCarthy, E. T.; Savin, V. J.; Ledbetter, S. R.; Roman, R. J. Transforming growth factor-beta, 20-HETE interaction, and glomerular injury in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Hypertension, 2005, 45(4), 643-648.
74. Zhang, F.; Qian, J. Q.; Wang, D. W. Arachidonate CYP hydroxylases of kidney contribute to formation of hypertension and maintenance of blood pressure. Acta Pharmacol. Sin., 2002, 23(6), 497-502.
75. Liu, X.; Zhao, Y.; Wang, L.; Yang, X.; Zheng, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, F.; Liu, H. Overexpression of cytochrome P450 4F2 in mice increases 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid production and arterial blood pressure. Kidney Int., 2009, 75(12), 1288-1296.
76. Certikova Chabova, V.; Walkowska, A.; Kompanowska-Jezierska, E.; Sadowski, J.; Kujal, P.; Vernerova, Z.; Vanourkova, Z.; Kopkan, L.; Kramer, H. J.; Falck, J. R.; Imig, J. D.; Hammock, B. D.; Vaneckova, I.; Cervenka, L. Combined inhibition of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid formation and of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids degradation attenuates hypertension and hypertension-induced end-organ damage in Ren-2 transgenic rats. Clin. Sci., 2010, 118 (10), 617-632.
77. Alonso-Galicia, M.; Maier, K. G.; Greene, A. S.; Cowley, A. W., Jr.; Roman, R. J. Role of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in the renal and vasoconstrictor actions of angiotensin II. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 2002, 283(1), R60-68.
78. Bautista, R.; Sanchez, A.; Hernandez, J.; Oyekan, A.; Escalante, B. Angiotensin II type AT(2) receptor mRNA expression and renal vasodilatation are increased in renal failure. Hypertension, 2001, 38(3 Pt 2), 669-673.
79. Croft, K. D.; McGiff, J. C.; Sanchez-Mendoza, A.; Carroll, M. A. Angiotensin II releases 20-HETE from rat renal microvessels. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2000, 279(3), F544-551.
80. Tsai, I. J.; Croft, K. D.; Puddey, I. B.; Beilin, L. J.; Barden, A. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid synthesis is increased in human neutrophils and platelets by angiotensin II and endothelin-1. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2011, 300(4), H1194-1200.
81. Ito, O.; Omata, K.; Ito, S.; Hoagland, K. M.; Roman, R. J. Effects of converting enzyme inhibitors on renal P-450 metabolism of arachidonic acid. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 2001, 280(3), R822-830.
82. Vera, T.; Taylor, M.; Bohman, Q.; Flasch, A.; Roman, R. J.; Stec, D. E. Fenofibrate prevents the development of angiotensin II-dependent hypertension in mice. Hypertension, 2005, 45(4), 730-735.
83. Joly, E.; Seqqat, R.; Flamion, B.; Caron, N.; Michel, A.; Imig, J. D.; Kramp, R. Increased renal vascular reactivity to ANG II after unilateral nephrectomy in the rat involves 20-HETE. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 2006, 291(4), R977-986.
84. Good, D. W.; George, T.; Wang, D. H. Angiotensin II inhibits HCO-3 absorption via a cytochrome P-450-dependent pathway in MTAL. Am. J. Physiol., 1999, 276(5 Pt 2), F726-736.
85. Certikova Chabova, V.; Kramer, H. J.; Vaneckova, I.; Thumova, M.; Skaroupkova, P.; Tesar, V.; Falck, J. R.; Imig, J. D.; Cervenka, L. The roles of intrarenal 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in the regulation of renal function in hypertensive Ren-2 transgenic rats. Kidney Blood Press. Res., 2007, 30(5), 335-346.
86. Muller, D. N.; Theuer, J.; Shagdarsuren, E.; Kaergel, E.; Honeck, H.; Park, J. K.; Markovic, M.; Barbosa-Sicard, E.; Dechend, R.; Wellner, M.; Kirsch, T.; Fiebeler, A.; Rothe, M.; Haller, H.; Luft, F. C.; Schunck, W. H. A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activator induces renal CYP2C23 activity and protects from angiotensin II-induced renal injury. Am. J. Pathol., 2004, 164(2), 521-532.
87. Wiesel, P.; Mazzolai, L.; Nussberger, J.; Pedrazzini, T. Two-kidney, one clip and one-kidney, one clip hypertension in mice. Hypertension, 1997, 29(4), 1025-1030.
88. Kunert, M. P.; Friesma, J.; Falck, J. R.; Lombard, J. H. CYP450 4A inhibition attenuates O2 induced arteriolar constriction in chronic but not acute Goldblatt hypertension. Microvasc. Res., 2009, 78(3), 442-446.
89. Sporkova, A.; Kopkan, L.; Varcabova, S.; Huskova, Z.; Hwang, S. H.; Hammock, B. D.; Imig, J. D.; Kramer, H. J.; Cervenka, L. Role of cytochrome P-450 metabolites in the regulation of renal function and blood pressure in 2-kidney 1-clip hypertensive rats. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 2011, 300(6), R1468-1475.
90. Walkowska, A.; Skaroupkova, P.; Huskova, Z.; Vanourkova, Z.; Chabova, V. C.; Tesar, V.; Kramer, H. J.; Falck, J. R.; Imig, J. D.; Kompanowska-Jezierska, E.; Sadowski, J.; Cervenka, L. Intrarenal cytochrome P-450 metabolites of arachidonic acid in the regulation of the nonclipped kidney function in two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats. J. Hypertens., 2010, 28(3), 582-593.
91. Levere, R. D.; Martasek, P.; Escalante, B.; Schwartzman, M. L.; Abraham, N. G. Effect of heme arginate administration on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J. Clin. Invest., 1990, 86(1), 213-219.
92. Omata, K.; Abraham, N. G.; Escalante, B.; Schwartzman, M. L. Age-related changes in renal cytochrome P-450 arachidonic acid metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am. J. Physiol., 1992, 262(1 Pt 2), F8-16.
93. Stec, D. E.; Trolliet, M. R.; Krieger, J. E.; Jacob, H. J.; Roman, R. J. Renal cytochrome P4504A activity and salt sensitivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension, 1996, 27(6), 1329-1336.
94. Kalsotra, A.; Cui, X.; Anakk, S.; Hinojos, C. A.; Doris, P. A.; Strobel, H. W. Renal localization, expression, and developmental regulation of P450 4F cytochromes in three substrains of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2005, 338 (1), 423-431.
95. Wang, M. H.; Zhang, F.; Marji, J.; Zand, B. A.; Nasjletti, A.; Laniado-Schwartzman, M., CYP4A1 antisense oligonucleotide reduces mesenteric vascular reactivity and blood pressure in SHR. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 2001, 280 (1), R255-261.
96. Kroetz, D. L.; Huse, L. M.; Thuresson, A.; Grillo, M. P., Developmentally regulated expression of the CYP4A genes in the spontaneously hypertensive rat kidney. Mol. Pharmacol., 1997, 52 (3), 362-372.
97. Arima, S.; Omata, K.; Ito, S.; Tsunoda, K.; Abe, K., 20-HETE requires increased vascular tone to constrict rabbit afferent arterioles. Hypertension, 1996, 27 (3 Pt 2), 781-785.
98. Zhang, F.; Deng, H.; Kemp, R.; Singh, H.; Gopal, V. R.; Falck, J. R.; Laniado-Schwartzman, M.; Nasjletti, A., Decreased levels of cytochrome P450 2E1-derived eicosanoids sensitize renal arteries to constrictor agonists in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension, 2005, 45 (1), 103-108.
99. Omata, K.; Abraham, N. G.; Schwartzman, M. L., Renal cytochrome P-450-arachidonic acid metabolism: localization and hormonal regulation in SHR. Am. J. Physiol., 1992, 262 (4 Pt 2), F591-599.
100. Imaoka, S.; Funae, Y., [The physiological role of P450-derived arachidonic acid metabolites]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi, 1998, 112 (1), 23-31.
101. Su, P.; Kaushal, K. M.; Kroetz, D. L., Inhibition of renal arachidonic acid omega-hydroxylase activity with ABT reduces blood pressure in the SHR. Am. J. Physiol., 1998, 275 (2 Pt 2), R426-438.
102. Benter, I. F.; Francis, I.; Cojocel, C.; Juggi, J. S.; Yousif, M. H.; Canatan, H., Contribution of cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid to hypertension and end-organ damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with L-NAME. Auton. Autacoid Pharmacol., 2005, 25 (4), 143-154.
103. Yu, Z.; Ng, V. Y.; Su, P.; Engler, M. M.; Engler, M. B.; Huang, Y.; Lin, E.; Kroetz, D. L., Induction of renal cytochrome P450 arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity by dietary gamma-linolenic acid. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2006, 317 (2), 732-738.
104. Koeners, M. P.; Wesseling, S.; Ulu, A.; Sepulveda, R. L.; Morisseau, C.; Braam, B.; Hammock, B. D.; Joles, J. A., Soluble epoxide hydrolase in the generation and maintenance of high blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 2011, 300 (4), E691-698.
105. Abraham, N. G.; Botros, F. T.; Rezzani, R.; Rodella, L.; Bianchi, R.; Goodman, A. I., Differential effect of cobalt protoporphyrin on distributions of heme oxygenase in renal structure and on blood pressure in SHR. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand), 2002, 48 (8), 895-902.
106. Zhou, Y.; Lin, S.; Chang, H. H.; Du, J.; Dong, Z.; Dorrance, A. M.; Brands, M. W.; Wang, M. H., Gender differences of renal CYP-derived eicosanoid synthesis in rats fed a high-fat diet. Am. J. Hypertens., 2005, 18 (4 Pt 1), 530-537.
107. Wu, C. C.; Cheng, J.; Zhang, F. F.; Gotlinger, K. H.; Kelkar, M.; Zhang, Y.; Jat, J. L.; Falck, J. R.; Schwartzman, M. L., Androgen-dependent hypertension is mediated by 20-hydroxy-5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraenoic acid-induced vascular dysfunction: role of inhibitor of kappaB Kinase. Hypertension, 2011, 57 (4), 788-794.
108. Nakagawa, K.; Marji, J. S.; Schwartzman, M. L.; Waterman, M. R.; Capdevila, J. H., Androgen-mediated induction of the kidney arachidonate hydroxylases is associated with the development of hypertension. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 2003, 284 (4), R1055-1062.
109. Ishizuka, T.; Ito, O.; Omata, K.; Ito, S., [Role of androgens in the renal production of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. Nihon Jinzo Gakkai Shi, 2004, 46 (7), 685-692.
110. Muller, D. N.; Schmidt, C.; Barbosa-Sicard, E.; Wellner, M.; Gross, V.; Hercule, H.; Markovic, M.; Honeck, H.; Luft, F. C.; Schunck, W. H., Mouse Cyp4a isoforms: enzymatic properties, gender-and strain-specific expression, and role in renal 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid formation. Biochem. J., 2007, 403 (1), 109-118.
111. Liu, X.; Wu, J.; Liu, H.; Lai, G.; Zhao, Y. Disturbed ratio of renal 20-HETE/EETs is involved in androgen-induced hypertension in cytochrome P450 4F2 transgenic mice. Gene, 2012, 505(2), 352-359.
112. Zhang, Y.; Wu, J. H.; Vickers, J. J.; Ong, S. L.; Temple, S. E.; Mori, T. A.; Croft, K. D.; Whitworth, J. A. The role of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in adrenocorticotrophic hormone and dexamethasone-induced hypertension. J. Hypertens., 2009, 27(8), 1609-1616.
113. Zhou, Y.; Luo, P.; Chang, H. H.; Huang, H.; Yang, T.; Dong, Z.; Wang, C. Y.; Wang, M. H. Colfibrate attenuates blood pressure and sodium retention in DOCA-salt hypertension. Kidney Int., 2008, 74(8), 1040-1048.
114. Lee, D. L.; Wilson, J. L.; Duan, R.; Hudson, T.; El-Marakby, A. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-alpha Activation Decreases Mean Arterial Pressure, Plasma Interleukin-6, and COX-2 While Increasing Renal CYP4A Expression in an Acute Model of DOCA-Salt Hypertension. PPAR Res., 2011, 2011, 502631.
115. Oyekan, A. O.; McAward, K.; Conetta, J.; Rosenfeld, L.; McGiff, J. C. Endothelin-1 and CYP450 arachidonate metabolites interact to promote tissue injury in DOCA-salt hypertension. Am. J. Physiol., 1999, 276(3 Pt 2), R766-775.
116. Laffer, C. L.; Laniado-Schwartzman, M.; Wang, M. H.; Nasjletti, A.; Elijovich, F. Differential regulation of natriuresis by 20- hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid in human salt-sensitive versus salt-resistant hypertension. Circulation, 2003, 107(4), 574-578.
117. Sankaralingam, S.; Desai, K. M.; Glaeser, H.; Kim, R. B.; Wilson, T. W. Inability to upregulate cytochrome P450 4A and 2C causes salt sensitivity in young Sprague-Dawley rats. Am. J. Hypertens., 2006, 19(11), 1174-1180.
118. Hoagland, K. M.; Flasch, A. K.; Roman, R. J. Inhibitors of 20-HETE formation promote salt-sensitive hypertension in rats. Hypertension, 2003, 42(4), 669-673.
119. Roman, R. J.; Alonso-Galicia, M.; Wilson, T. W., Renal P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid and the development of hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Am. J. Hypertens., 1997, 10(5 Pt 2), 63S-67S.
120. Stec, D. E.; Mattson, D. L.; Roman, R. J. Inhibition of renal outer medullary 20-HETE production produces hypertension in Lewis rats. Hypertension, 1997, 29(1 Pt 2), 315-319.
121. Kompanowska-Jezierska, E.; Kuczeriszka, M. Cytochrome P-450 metabolites in renal circulation and excretion-interaction with the nitric oxide (NO) system. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 2008, 59 Suppl 9, 137-149.
122. Williams, J. M.; Zhao, X.; Wang, M. H.; Imig, J. D.; Pollock, D. M. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activation reduces salt-dependent hypertension during chronic endothelin B receptor blockade. Hypertension, 2005, 46(2), 366-371.
123. Laffer, C. L.; Gainer, J. V.; Waterman, M. R.; Capdevila, J. H.; Laniado-Schwartzman, M.; Nasjletti, A.; Brown, N. J.; Elijovich, F. The T8590C polymorphism of CYP4A11 and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in essential hypertension. Hypertension, 2008, 51(3), 767-772.
124. Laffer, C. L.; Laniado-Schwartzman, M.; Wang, M. H.; Nasjletti, A.; Elijovich, F. 20-HETE and furosemide-induced natriuresis in salt-sensitive essential hypertension. Hypertension, 2003, 41(3 Pt 2), 703-708.
125. Zou, A. P.; Drummond, H. A.; Roman, R. J. Role of 20-HETE in elevating loop chloride reabsorption in Dahl SS/Jr rats. Hypertension, 1996, 27(3 Pt 2), 631-635.
126. Omata, K.; Tsutsumi, E.; Sheu, H. L.; Utsumi, Y.; Abe, K. Effect of aging on renal cytochrome P450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolism in Dahl rats. J. Lipid Mediat., 1993, 6(1-3), 369-373.
127. Hoagland, K. M.; Flasch, A. K.; Dahly-Vernon, A. J.; dos Santos, E. A.; Knepper, M. A.; Roman, R. J. Elevated BSC-1 and ROMK expression in Dahl salt-sensitive rat kidneys. Hypertension, 2004, 43(4), 860-865.
128. Ma, Y. H.; Schwartzman, M. L.; Roman, R. J. Altered renal P-450 metabolism of arachidonic acid in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Am. J. Physiol., 1994, 267(2 Pt 2), R579-589.
129. Stec, D. E.; Deng, A. Y.; Rapp, J. P.; Roman, R. J. Cytochrome P4504A genotype cosegregates with hypertension in Dahl S rats. Hypertension, 1996, 27(3 Pt 2), 564-568.
130. Wilson, T. W.; Alonso-Galicia, M.; Roman, R. J. Effects of lipid-lowering agents in the Dahl salt-sensitive rat. Hypertension, 1998, 31(1 Pt 2), 225-231.
131. Williams, J. M.; Fan, F.; Murphy, S.; Schreck, C.; Lazar, J.; Jacob, H. J.; Roman, R. J. Role of 20-HETE in the antihypertensive effect of transfer of chromosome 5 from Brown Norway to Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 2012, 302(10), R1209-1218.
132. Roman, R. J.; Hoagland, K. M.; Lopez, B.; Kwitek, A. E.; Garrett, M. R.; Rapp, J. P.; Lazar, J.; Jacob, H. J.; Sarkis, A. Characterization of blood pressure and renal function in chromosome 5 congenic strains of Dahl S rats. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2006, 290(6), F1463-1471.
133. Williams, J. M.; Sarkis, A.; Hoagland, K. M.; Fredrich, K.; Ryan, R. P.; Moreno, C.; Lopez, B.; Lazar, J.; Fenoy, F. J.; Sharma, M.; Garrett, M. R.; Jacob, H. J.; Roman, R. J. Transfer of the CYP4A region of chromosome 5 from Lewis to Dahl S rats attenuates renal injury. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2008, 295(6), F1764-1777.
134. Hoagland, K. M.; Maier, K. G.; Roman, R. J. Contributions of 20-HETE to the antihypertensive effects of Tempol in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Hypertension, 2003, 41(3 Pt 2), 697-702.
135. Zhou, Y.; Huang, H.; Chang, H. H.; Du, J.; Wu, J. F.; Wang, C. Y.; Wang, M. H. Induction of renal 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by clofibrate attenuates high-fat diet-induced hypertension in rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2006, 317(1), 11-18.
136. Wang, M. H.; Smith, A.; Zhou, Y.; Chang, H. H.; Lin, S.; Zhao, X.; Imig, J. D.; Dorrance, A. M. Downregulation of renal CYP-derived eicosanoid synthesis in rats with diet-induced hypertension. Hypertension, 2003, 42(4), 594-599.
137. Lino Cardenas, C. L.; Devos, A.; Toure, A.; Cardenas Garcia, J.; Kenani, A.; Migot-Nabias, F.; Broly, F.; Chevalier, D. Arachidonic acid omega-hydroxylase CYP4A11: inter-ethnic variations in the 8590T>C loss-of-function variant. Mol. Biol. Rep., 2012, 39(2), 1503-1508.
138. Ward, N. C.; Tsai, I. J.; Barden, A.; van Bockxmeer, F. M.; Puddey, I. B.; Hodgson, J. M.; Croft, K. D. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the CYP4F2 but not CYP4A11 gene is associated with increased 20-HETE excretion and blood pressure. Hypertension, 2008, 51(5), 1393-1398.
139. Hu, B. C.; Li, Y.; Li, F. H.; Zhang, Y.; Sheng, C. S.; Fan, H. Q.; Wang,
140. Buharalioglu, C. K.; Korkmaz, B.; Cuez, T.; Sahan-Firat, S.; Sari, A. N.; Malik, K. U.; Tunctan, B. Piroxicam reverses endotoxin-induced hypotension in rats: contribution of vasoactive eicosanoids and nitric oxide. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 2011, 109(3), 186-194.
141. Tunctan, B.; Korkmaz, B.; Cuez, T.; Kemal Buharalioglu, C.; Sahan-Firat, S.; Falck, J.; Malik, K. U. Contribution of vasoactive eicosanoids and nitric oxide production to the effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, NS-398, on endotoxin-induced hypotension in rats. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 2010, 107(5), 877-882.
142. Tunctan, B.; Sari, A. N.; Kacan, M.; Unsal, D.; Buharalioglu, C. K.; Sahan-Firat, S.; Korkmaz, B.; Falck, J. R.; Malik, K. U. NS-398 reverses hypotension in endotoxemic rats: Contribution of eicosanoids, NO, and peroxynitrite. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat., 2012 [Epub ahead of print].
143. Tunctan, B.; Korkmaz, B.; Sari, A. N.; Kacan, M.; Unsal, D.; Serin, M. S.; Buharalioglu, C. K.; Sahan-Firat, S.; Schunck, W. H.; Falck, J. R.; Malik, K. U. A novel treatment strategy for sepsis and septic shock based on the interactions between prostanoids, nitric oxide, and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med. Chem., 2012, 11(2), 121-150.
144. Fernandez, M. M.; Gonzalez, D.; Williams, J. M.; Roman, R. J.; Nowicki, S. Inhibitors of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) formation attenuate the natriuretic effect of dopamine. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2012, 686(1-3), 97-103.
145. Williams, J. M.; Sarkis, A.; Lopez, B.; Ryan, R. P.; Flasch, A. K.; Roman, R. J. Elevations in renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid contribute to pressure natriuresis. Hypertension, 2007, 49(3), 687-694.
146. Dos Santos, E. A.; Dahly-Vernon, A. J.; Hoagland, K. M.; Roman, R. J. Inhibition of the formation of EETs and 20-HETE with 1-aminobenzotriazole attenuates pressure natriuresis. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 2004, 287(1), R58-68.
147. Nikolaeva, S.; Pradervand, S.; Centeno, G.; Zavadova, V.; Tokonami, N.; Maillard, M.; Bonny, O.; Firsov, D. The circadian clock modulates renal sodium handling. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 2012, 23(6), 1019-1026.
148. Speed, J. S.; George, E. M.; Arany, M.; Cockrell, K.; Granger, J. P. Role of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in mediating hypertension in response to chronic renal medullary endothelin type B receptor blockade. PLoS ONE, 2011, 6(10), e26063.
149. Kuczeriszka, M.; Olszynski, K. H.; Gasiorowska, A.; Sadowski, J.; Kompanowska-Jezierska, E., Interaction of nitric oxide and the cytochrome P-450 system on blood pressure and renal function in the rat: dependence on sodium intake. Acta Physiol., 2011, 201(4), 493-502.
150. Tse, M. M.; Aboutabl, M. E.; Althurwi, H. N.; Elshenawy, O. H.; Abdelhamid, G.; El-Kadi, A. O. Cytochrome P450 Epoxygenase Metabolite, 14, 15-EET, Protects Against Isoproterenol-Induced Cellular Hypertrophy in H9c2 Rat Cell Line. Vascul. Pharmacol., 2013, 10.1016/j.vph.2013.02.004.
151. Bao, Y.; Wang, X.; Li, W.; Huo, D.; Shen, X.; Han, Y.; Tan, J.; Zeng, Q.; Sun, C. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid induces apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes through mitochondrial-dependent pathways. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2011, 57(3), 294-301.
152. Elshenawy, O. H.; Anwar-Mohamed, A.; Abdelhamid, G.; El-Kadi, A. O. Murine atrial HL-1 cell line is a reliable model to study drug metabolizing enzymes in the heart. Vascul. Pharmacol., 2012, 10.1016/j.vph.2012.12.002.