Requirements for innate immune pathways in environmentally induced autoimmunity

BMC Medicine

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2013, Pages

  Pollard, Kenneth M ^a   Kono, Dwight H ^a  

^a SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Autoimmunity; Environment; Innate immunity; Lupus; Mercury; Pristane; Silica; Type I interferon

Indexed keywords

INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR 7; MERCURY; PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTOR; PRISTANE; SILICON; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; AUTOIMMUNITY; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DENDRITIC CELL; HUMAN; INNATE IMMUNITY; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES; AUTOIMMUNITY; CYTOKINES; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, INNATE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 84875690299     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17417015     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-100     Document Type: Review

References (173)

1. Ronald PC, Beutler B. Plant and animal sensors of conserved microbial signatures. Science 2010, 330(6007):1061-1064.
2. Iwasaki A, Medzhitov R. Regulation of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system. Science 2010, 327(5963):291-295.
3. Mills KH. TLR-dependent T cell activation in autoimmunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2011, 11(12):807-822.
4. Theofilopoulos AN, Kono DH, Beutler B, Baccala R. Intracellular nucleic acid sensors and autoimmunity. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2011, 31(12):867-886.
5. Theofilopoulos AN, Gonzalez-Quintial R, Lawson BR, Koh YT, Stern ME, Kono DH, Beutler B, Baccala R. Sensors of the innate immune system: their link to rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010, 6(3):146-156.
6. Pollard KM, Hultman P, Kono DH. Toxicology of autoimmune diseases. Chem Res Toxicol 2010, 23(3):455-466.
7. Pollard KM, Hultman P, Kono DH. Immunology and genetics of induced systemic autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2005, 4(5):282-288.
8. Pollard KM, Hultman P, Toomey CB, Cauvi DM, Hoffman HM, Hamel JC, Kono DH. Definition of IFN-gamma-related pathways critical for chemically-induced systemic autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2012, 39(4):323-331.
9. Baccala R, Gonzalez-Quintial R, Lawson BR, Stern ME, Kono DH, Beutler B, Theofilopoulos AN. Sensors of the innate immune system: their mode of action. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2009, 5(8):448-456.
10. Newton K, Dixit VM. Signaling in innate immunity and inflammation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2012, 4(3):pii:a006049.
11. Hahn BH. Targeted therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus: successes, failures and future. Ann Rheum Dis 2011, 70(Suppl 1):i64-i66.
12. Kono DH, Theofilopoulos AN. Genetics of SLE in mice. Springer Semin Immunopathol 2006, 28(2):83-96.
13. Shlomchik MJ, Craft JE, Mamula MJ. From T to B and back again: positive feedback in systemic autoimmune disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2001, 1(2):147-153.
14. Goodnow CC, Sprent J, Fazekas-de-St-Groth B, Vinuesa CG. Cellular and genetic mechanisms of self tolerance and autoimmunity. Nature 2005, 435(7042):590-597.
15. Baccala R, Hoebe K, Kono DH, Beutler B, Theofilopoulos AN. TLR-dependent and TLR-independent pathways of type I interferon induction in systemic autoimmunity. Nat Med 2007, 13(5):543-551.
16. Diana J, Gahzarian L, Simoni Y, Lehuen A. Innate immunity in type 1 diabetes. Discov Med 2011, 11(61):513-520.
17. Obermoser G, Pascual V. The interferon-alpha signature of systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2010, 19(9):1012-1019.
18. Ronnblom L, Alm GV. A pivotal role for the natural interferon alpha-producing cells (plasmacytoid dendritic cells) in the pathogenesis of lupus. J Exp Med 2001, 194(12):F59-63.
19. Higgs BW, Liu Z, White B, Zhu W, White WI, Morehouse C, Brohawn P, Kiener PA, Richman L, Fiorentino D, Greenberg SA, Jallal B, Yao Y. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, myositis, rheumatoid arthritis and scleroderma share activation of a common type I interferon pathway. Ann Rheum Dis 2011, 70(11):2029-2036.
20. Crow MK. Type I interferon in organ-targeted autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Arthritis Res Ther 2010, 12(Suppl 1):S5.
21. Theofilopoulos AN, Baccala R, Beutler B, Kono DH. TYPE I Interferons (alpha/beta) in immunity and autoimmunity. Annu Rev Immunol 2005, 23:307-335.
22. Bar-On L, Jung S. Defining dendritic cells by conditional and constitutive cell ablation. Immunol Rev 2010, 234(1):76-89.
23. Geissmann F, Manz MG, Jung S, Sieweke MH, Merad M, Ley K. Development of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Science 2010, 327(5966):656-661.
24. Gilliet M, Cao W, Liu YJ. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: sensing nucleic acids in viral infection and autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 2008, 8(8):594-606.
25. Teichmann LL, Ols ML, Kashgarian M, Reizis B, Kaplan DH, Shlomchik MJ. Dendritic cells in lupus are not required for activation of T and B cells but promote their expansion, resulting in tissue damage. Immunity 2010, 33(6):967-978.
26. Baccala R, Gonzalez-Quintial R, Blasius AL, Rimann I, Ozato K, Kono DH, Beutler B, Theofilopoulos AN. Essential requirement for IRF8 and SLC15A4 implicates plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of lupus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013, 110(8):2940-2945.
27. Li Y, Lee PY, Reeves WH. Monocyte and macrophage abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2010, 58(5):355-364.
28. Lenda DM, Stanley ER, Kelley VR. Negative role of colony-stimulating factor-1 in macrophage, T cell, and B cell mediated autoimmune disease in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. J Immunol 2004, 173(7):4744-4754.
29. Hoi AY, Hickey MJ, Hall P, Yamana J, O'Sullivan KM, Santos LL, James WG, Kitching AR, Morand EF. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor deficiency attenuates macrophage recruitment, glomerulonephritis, and lethality in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 2006, 177(8):5687-5696.
30. Antoni A, Patel VA, Fan H, Lee DJ, Graham LH, Rosch CL, Spiegel DS, Rauch J, Levine JS. Macrophages from lupus-prone MRL mice have a conditional signaling abnormality that leads to dysregulated expression of numerous genes. Immunogenetics 2011, 63(5):291-308.
31. Santer DM, Wiedeman AE, Teal TH, Ghosh P, Elkon KB. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells and C1q differentially regulate inflammatory gene induction by lupus immune complexes. J Immunol 2012, 188(2):902-915.
32. Santer DM, Hall BE, George TC, Tangsombatvisit S, Liu CL, Arkwright PD, Elkon KB. C1q deficiency leads to the defective suppression of IFN-alpha in response to nucleoprotein containing immune complexes. J Immunol 2010, 185(8):4738-4749.
33. Elkon KB, Santer DM. Complement, interferon and lupus. Curr Opin Immunol 2012, 24(6):665-670.
34. Braun D, Geraldes P, Demengeot J. Type I interferon controls the onset and severity of autoimmune manifestations in lpr mice. J Autoimmun 2003, 20(1):15-25.
35. Jorgensen TN, Thurman J, Izui S, Falta MT, Metzger TE, Flannery SA, Kappler J, Marrack P, Kotzin BL. Genetic susceptibility to polyI:C-induced IFNalpha/beta-dependent accelerated disease in lupus-prone mice. Genes Immun 2006, 7(7):555-567.
36. Triantafyllopoulou A, Franzke CW, Seshan SV, Perino G, Kalliolias GD, Ramanujam M, van Rooijen N, Davidson A, Ivashkiv LB. Proliferative lesions and metalloproteinase activity in murine lupus nephritis mediated by type I interferons and macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010, 107(7):3012-3017.
37. Mathian A, Weinberg A, Gallegos M, Banchereau J, Koutouzov S. IFN-alpha induces early lethal lupus in preautoimmune (New Zealand Black x New Zealand White) F1 but not in BALB/c mice. J Immunol 2005, 174(5):2499-2506.
38. Liu Z, Bethunaickan R, Huang W, Lodhi U, Solano I, Madaio MP, Davidson A. Interferon-alpha accelerates murine systemic lupus erythematosus in a T cell-dependent manner. Arthritis Rheum 2011, 63(1):219-229.
39. Ramanujam M, Kahn P, Huang W, Tao H, Madaio MP, Factor SM, Davidson A. Interferon-alpha treatment of female (NZW x BXSB)F(1) mice mimics some but not all features associated with the Yaa mutation. Arthritis Rheum 2009, 60(4):1096-1101.
40. Fairhurst AM, Mathian A, Connolly JE, Wang A, Gray HF, George TA, Boudreaux CD, Zhou XJ, Li QZ, Koutouzov S, Banchereau J, Wakeland EK. Systemic IFN-alpha drives kidney nephritis in B6.Sle123 mice. Eur J Immunol 2008, 38(7):1948-1960.
41. Santiago-Raber ML, Baccala R, Haraldsson KM, Choubey D, Stewart TA, Kono DH, Theofilopoulos AN. Type-I interferon receptor deficiency reduces lupus-like disease in NZB mice. J Exp Med 2003, 197(6):777-788.
42. Agrawal H, Jacob N, Carreras E, Bajana S, Putterman C, Turner S, Neas B, Mathian A, Koss MN, Stohl W, Kovats S, Jacob CO. Deficiency of type I IFN receptor in lupus-prone New Zealand mixed 2328 mice decreases dendritic cell numbers and activation and protects from disease. J Immunol 2009, 183(9):6021-6029.
43. Hron JD, Peng SL. Type I IFN protects against murine lupus. J Immunol 2004, 173(3):2134-2142.
44. Baccala R, Gonzalez-Quintial R, Schreiber RD, Lawson BR, Kono DH, Theofilopoulos AN. Anti-IFN-alpha/beta receptor antibody treatment ameliorates disease in lupus-predisposed mice. J Immunol 2012, 189(12):5976-5984.
45. Honda K, Yanai H, Negishi H, Asagiri M, Sato M, Mizutani T, Shimada N, Ohba Y, Takaoka A, Yoshida N, Taniguchi T. IRF-7 is the master regulator of type-I interferon-dependent immune responses. Nature 2005, 434(7034):772-777.
46. Kono DH, Haraldsson MK, Lawson BR, Pollard KM, Koh YT, Du X, Arnold CN, Baccala R, Silverman GJ, Beutler BA, Theofilopoulos AN. Endosomal TLR signaling is required for anti-nucleic acid and rheumatoid factor autoantibodies in lupus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009, 106(29):12061-12066.
47. Marshak-Rothstein A. Toll-like receptors in systemic autoimmune disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2006, 6(11):823-835.
48. Wu X, Peng SL. Toll-like receptor 9 signaling protects against murine lupus. Arthritis Rheum 2006, 54(1):336-342.
49. Santiago-Raber ML, Baudino L, Izui S. Emerging roles of TLR7 and TLR9 in murine SLE. J Autoimmun 2009, 33(3-4):231-238.
50. Christensen SR, Kashgarian M, Alexopoulou L, Flavell RA, Akira S, Shlomchik MJ. Toll-like receptor 9 controls anti-DNA autoantibody production in murine lupus. J Exp Med 2005, 202(2):321-331.
51. Sadanaga A, Nakashima H, Akahoshi M, Masutani K, Miyake K, Igawa T, Sugiyama N, Niiro H, Harada M. Protection against autoimmune nephritis in MyD88-deficient MRL/lpr mice. Arthritis Rheum 2007, 56(5):1618-1628.
52. Santiago-Raber ML, Dunand-Sauthier I, Wu T, Li QZ, Uematsu S, Akira S, Reith W, Mohan C, Kotzin BL, Izui S. Critical role of TLR7 in the acceleration of systemic lupus erythematosus in TLR9-deficient mice. J Autoimmun 2010, 34(4):339-348.
53. Nickerson KM, Christensen SR, Shupe J, Kashgarian M, Kim D, Elkon K, Shlomchik MJ. TLR9 regulates TLR7- and MyD88-dependent autoantibody production and disease in a murine model of lupus. J Immunol 2010, 184(4):1840-1848.
54. Christensen SR, Shupe J, Nickerson K, Kashgarian M, Flavell RA, Shlomchik MJ. Toll-like receptor 7 and TLR9 dictate autoantibody specificity and have opposing inflammatory and regulatory roles in a murine model of lupus. Immunity 2006, 25(3):417-428.
55. Tabeta K, Hoebe K, Janssen EM, Du X, Georgel P, Crozat K, Mudd S, Mann N, Sovath S, Goode J, Shamel L, Herskovits AA, Portnoy DA, Cooke M, Tarantino LM, Wiltshire T, Steinberg BE, Grinstein S, Beutler B. The Unc93b1 mutation 3d disrupts exogenous antigen presentation and signaling via Toll-like receptors 3, 7 and 9. Nat Immunol 2006, 7(2):156-164.
56. Sasai M, Linehan MM, Iwasaki A. Bifurcation of Toll-like receptor 9 signaling by adaptor protein 3. Science 2010, 329(5998):1530-1534.
57. Kawai T, Akira S. The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors. Nat Immunol 2010, 11(5):373-384.
58. Kawai T, Akira S. Signaling to NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptors. Trends Mol Med 2007, 13(11):460-469.
59. Liang B, Gardner DB, Griswold DE, Bugelski PJ, Song XY. Anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody inhibits autoimmune responses in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology 2006, 119(3):296-305.
60. Kiberd BA. Interleukin-6 receptor blockage ameliorates murine lupus nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 1993, 4(1):58-61.
61. Ryffel B, Car BD, Gunn H, Roman D, Hiestand P, Mihatsch MJ. Interleukin-6 exacerbates glomerulonephritis in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. Am J Pathol 1994, 144(5):927-937.
62. Cash H, Relle M, Menke J, Brochhausen C, Jones SA, Topley N, Galle PR, Schwarting A. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) deficiency delays lupus nephritis in MRL-Faslpr mice: the IL-6 pathway as a new therapeutic target in treatment of autoimmune kidney disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2010, 37(1):60-70.
63. Dinarello CA. Immunological and inflammatory functions of the interleukin-1 family. Annu Rev Immunol 2009, 27:519-550.
64. Boswell JM, Yui MA, Endres S, Burt DW, Kelley VE. Novel and enhanced IL-1 gene expression in autoimmune mice with lupus. J Immunol 1988, 141(1):118-124.
65. Prud'homme GJ, Kono DH, Theofilopoulos AN. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis reveals marked overexpression of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-1 and interferon-gamma mRNA in the lymph nodes of lupus-prone mice. Mol Immunol 1995, 32(7):495-503.
66. Schorlemmer HU, Kanzy EJ, Langner KD, Kurrle R. Immunoregulation of SLE-like disease by the IL-1 receptor: disease modifying activity on BDF1 hybrid mice and MRL autoimmune mice. Agents Actions 1993, 39(Spec No):C117-120.
67. Sun H, Liu W, Shao J, Xu H, Xiao K, Sheng G. Study on immunoregulation by interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in NZB/W F mice. J Tongji Med Univ 1997, 17(1):18-20. 24.
68. Kiberd BA, Stadnyk AW. Established murine lupus nephritis does not respond to exogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; a role for the endogenous molecule?. Immunopharmacology 1995, 30(2):131-137.
69. Jacob CO, McDevitt HO. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha in murine autoimmune 'lupus' nephritis. Nature 1988, 331(6154):356-358.
70. Gordon C, Ranges GE, Greenspan JS, Wofsy D. Chronic therapy with recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha in autoimmune NZB/NZW F1 mice. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1989, 52(3):421-434.
71. Kontoyiannis D, Kollias G. Accelerated autoimmunity and lupus nephritis in NZB mice with an engineered heterozygous deficiency in tumor necrosis factor. Eur J Immunol 2000, 30(7):2038-2047.
72. Jacob N, Yang H, Pricop L, Liu Y, Gao X, Zheng SG, Wang J, Gao HX, Putterman C, Koss MN, Stohl W, Jacob CO. Accelerated pathological and clinical nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus-prone New Zealand Mixed 2328 mice doubly deficient in TNF receptor 1 and TNF receptor 2 via a Th17-associated pathway. J Immunol 2009, 182(4):2532-2541.
73. Bethunaickan R, Sahu R, Liu Z, Tang YT, Huang W, Edegbe O, Tao H, Ramanujam M, Madaio MP, Davidson A. Anti-TNF treatment of IFN induced lupus nephritis reduces the renal macrophage response but does not alter glomerular immune complex formation. Arthritis Rheum 2012, 64(10):3399-3408.
74. Rubin RL. Drug-induced lupus. Toxicology 2005, 209(2):135-147.
75. Pollard KM. Gender differences in autoimmunity associated with exposure to environmental factors. J Autoimmun 2012, 38(2-3):J177-186.
76. Miller FW, Pollard KM, Parks CG, Germolec DR, Leung PS, Selmi C, Humble MC, Rose NR. Criteria for environmentally associated autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2012, 39(4):253-258.
77. Germolec D, Kono DH, Pfau JC, Pollard KM. Animal models used to examine the role of the environment in the development of autoimmune disease: findings from an NIEHS Expert Panel Workshop. J Autoimmun 2012, 39(4):285-293.
78. Gualtierotti R, Biggioggero M, Penatti AE, Meroni PL. Updating on the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 2010, 10(1):3-7.
79. Li SJ, Zhang SH, Chen HP, Zeng CH, Zheng CX, Li LS, Liu ZH. Mercury-induced membranous nephropathy: clinical and pathological features. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010, 5(3):439-444.
80. Gardner RM, Nyland JF, Silva IA, Ventura AM, de Souza JM, Silbergeld EK. Mercury exposure, serum antinuclear/antinucleolar antibodies, and serum cytokine levels in mining populations in Amazonian Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Environ Res 2010, 110(4):345-354.
81. Tang HL, Chu KH, Mak YF, Lee W, Cheuk A, Yim KF, Fung KS, Chan HW, Tong KL. Minimal change disease following exposure to mercury-containing skin lightening cream. Hong Kong Med J 2006, 12(4):316-318.
82. Parks CG, Cooper GS. Occupational exposures and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmunity 2005, 38(7):497-506.
83. Parks CG, Cooper GS, Nylander-French LA, Sanderson WT, Dement JM, Cohen PL, Dooley MA, Treadwell EL, St Clair EW, Gilkeson GS, Hoppin JA, Savitz DA. Occupational exposure to crystalline silica and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a population-based, case-control study in the southeastern United States. Arthritis Rheum 2002, 46(7):1840-1850.
84. Reeves WH, Lee PY, Weinstein JS, Satoh M, Lu L. Induction of autoimmunity by pristane and other naturally occurring hydrocarbons. Trends Immunol 2009, 30(9):455-464.
85. Anderson PN, Potter M. Induction of plasma cell tumours in BALB-c mice with 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane (pristane). Nature 1969, 222(5197):994-995.
86. Richards HB, Satoh M, Jennette JC, Croker BP, Yoshida H, Reeves WH. Interferon-gamma is required for lupus nephritis in mice treated with the hydrocarbon oil pristane. Kidney Int 2001, 60(6):2173-2180.
87. Richards HB, Satoh M, Shaw M, Libert C, Poli V, Reeves WH. Interleukin 6 dependence of anti-DNA antibody production: evidence for two pathways of autoantibody formation in pristane-induced lupus. J Exp Med 1998, 188(5):985-990.
88. Calvani N, Satoh M, Croker BP, Reeves WH, Richards HB. Nephritogenic autoantibodies but absence of nephritis in Il-12p35-deficient mice with pristane-induced lupus. Kidney Int 2003, 64(3):897-905.
89. Shoenfeld Y, Agmon-Levin N. 'ASIA' - autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants. J Autoimmun 2011, 36(1):4-8.
90. Baechler EC, Batliwalla FM, Karypis G, Gaffney PM, Ortmann WA, Espe KJ, Shark KB, Grande WJ, Hughes KM, Kapur V, Gregersen PK, Behrens TW. Interferon-inducible gene expression signature in peripheral blood cells of patients with severe lupus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003, 100(5):2610-2615.
91. Nacionales DC, Kelly KM, Lee PY, Zhuang H, Li Y, Weinstein JS, Sobel E, Kuroda Y, Akaogi J, Satoh M, Reeves WH. Type I interferon production by tertiary lymphoid tissue developing in response to 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-pentadecane (pristane). Am J Pathol 2006, 168(4):1227-1240.
92. Nacionales DC, Kelly-Scumpia KM, Lee PY, Weinstein JS, Lyons R, Sobel E, Satoh M, Reeves WH. Deficiency of the type I interferon receptor protects mice from experimental lupus. Arthritis Rheum 2007, 56(11):3770-3783.
93. Lee PY, Kumagai Y, Li Y, Takeuchi O, Yoshida H, Weinstein J, Kellner ES, Nacionales D, Barker T, Kelly-Scumpia K, van Rooijen N, Kumar H, Kawai T, Satoh M, Akira S, Reeves WH. TLR7-dependent and FcgammaR-independent production of type I interferon in experimental mouse lupus. J Exp Med 2008, 205(13):2995-3006.
94. Savarese E, Steinberg C, Pawar RD, Reindl W, Akira S, Anders HJ, Krug A. Requirement of Toll-like receptor 7 for pristane-induced production of autoantibodies and development of murine lupus nephritis. Arthritis Rheum 2008, 58(4):1107-1115.
95. Summers SA, Hoi A, Steinmetz OM, O'Sullivan KM, Ooi JD, Odobasic D, Akira S, Kitching AR, Holdsworth SR. TLR9 and TLR4 are required for the development of autoimmunity and lupus nephritis in pristane nephropathy. J Autoimmun 2010, 35(4):291-298.
96. Thibault DL, Graham KL, Lee LY, Balboni I, Hertzog PJ, Utz PJ. Type I interferon receptor controls B-cell expression of nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors and autoantibody production in a murine model of lupus. Arthritis Res Ther 2009, 11(4):R112.
97. Lee PY, Weinstein JS, Nacionales DC, Scumpia PO, Li Y, Butfiloski E, van Rooijen N, Moldawer L, Satoh M, Reeves WH. A novel type I IFN-producing cell subset in murine lupus. J Immunol 2008, 180(7):5101-5108.
98. Lee PY, Li Y, Kumagai Y, Xu Y, Weinstein JS, Kellner ES, Nacionales DC, Butfiloski EJ, van Rooijen N, Akira S, Sobel ES, Satoh M, Reeves WH. Type I interferon modulates monocyte recruitment and maturation in chronic inflammation. Am J Pathol 2009, 175(5):2023-2033.
99. Lee PY, Kumagai Y, Xu Y, Li Y, Barker T, Liu C, Sobel ES, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Satoh M, Reeves WH. IL-1alpha modulates neutrophil recruitment in chronic inflammation induced by hydrocarbon oil. J Immunol 2011, 186(3):1747-1754.
100. Bryant C, Fitzgerald KA. Molecular mechanisms involved in inflammasome activation. Trends Cell Biol 2009, 19(9):455-464.
101. Weber A, Wasiliew P, Kracht M. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) pathway. Sci Signal 2010, 3(105):cm1.
102. Hu W, Ren H. A meta-analysis of the association of IRF5 polymorphism with systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Immunogenet 2011, 38(5):411-417.
103. Takaoka A, Yanai H, Kondo S, Duncan G, Negishi H, Mizutani T, Kano S, Honda K, Ohba Y, Mak TW, Taniguchi T. Integral role of IRF-5 in the gene induction programme activated by Toll-like receptors. Nature 2005, 434(7030):243-249.
104. Feng D, Sangster-Guity N, Stone R, Korczeniewska J, Mancl ME, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P, Barnes BJ. Differential requirement of histone acetylase and deacetylase activities for IRF5-mediated proinflammatory cytokine expression. J Immunol 2010, 185(10):6003-6012.
105. Yanai H, Chen HM, Inuzuka T, Kondo S, Mak TW, Takaoka A, Honda K, Taniguchi T. Role of IFN regulatory factor 5 transcription factor in antiviral immunity and tumor suppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007, 104(9):3402-3407.
106. Xu Y, Lee PY, Li Y, Liu C, Zhuang H, Han S, Nacionales DC, Weinstein J, Mathews CE, Moldawer LL, Li SW, Satoh M, Yang LJ, Reeves WH. Pleiotropic IFN-dependent and -independent effects of IRF5 on the pathogenesis of experimental lupus. J Immunol 2012, 188(8):4113-4121.
107. Savitsky DA, Yanai H, Tamura T, Taniguchi T, Honda K. Contribution of IRF5 in B cells to the development of murine SLE-like disease through its transcriptional control of the IgG2a locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010, 107(22):10154-10159.
108. Feng D, Yang L, Bi X, Stone RC, Patel P, Barnes BJ. Irf5-deficient mice are protected from pristane-induced lupus via increased Th2 cytokines and altered IgG class switching. Eur J Immunol 2012, 42(6):1477-1487.
109. Yang L, Feng D, Bi X, Stone RC, Barnes BJ. Monocytes from Irf5-/- mice have an intrinsic defect in their response to Pristane-induced lupus. J Immunol 2012, 189(7):3741-3750.
110. Purtha WE, Swiecki M, Colonna M, Diamond MS, Bhattacharya D. Spontaneous mutation of the Dock2 gene in Irf5-/- mice complicates interpretation of type I interferon production and antibody responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012, 109(15):E898-904.
111. Miller FW, Alfredsson L, Costenbader KH, Kamen DL, Nelson LM, Norris JM, De Roos AJ. Epidemiology of environmental exposures and human autoimmune diseases: findings from a National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Expert Panel Workshop. J Autoimmun 2012, 39(4):253-258.
112. Silva IA, Nyland JF, Gorman A, Perisse A, Ventura AM, Santos EC, Souza JM, Burek CL, Rose NR, Silbergeld EK. Mercury exposure, malaria, and serum antinuclear/antinucleolar antibodies in Amazon populations in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health 2004, 3(1):11.
113. Pollard KM, Hultman P. Skin-lightening creams are a possible exposure risk for systemic lupus erythematosus: comment on the article by Finckh et al. Arthritis Rheum 2007, 56(5):1721. author reply 1721-1722.
114. Kono DH, Balomenos D, Pearson DL, Park MS, Hildebrandt B, Hultman P, Pollard KM. The prototypic Th2 autoimmunity induced by mercury is dependent on IFN- gamma and not Th1/Th2 imbalance. J Immunol 1998, 161(1):234-240.
115. Balomenos D, Rumold R, Theofilopoulos AN. Interferon-gamma is required for lupus-like disease and lymphoaccumulation in MRL-lpr mice. J Clin Invest 1998, 101(2):364-371.
116. Pollard KM, Arnush M, Hultman P, Kono DH. Costimulation requirements of induced murine systemic autoimmune disease. J Immunol 2004, 173(9):5880-5887.
117. Tada Y, Nagasawa K, Ho A, Morito F, Koarada S, Ushiyama O, Suzuki N, Ohta A, Mak TW. Role of the costimulatory molecule CD28 in the development of lupus in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 1999, 163(6):3153-3159.
118. Reilly CM, Olgun S, Goodwin D, Gogal RM, Santo A, Romesburg JW, Ahmed SA, Gilkeson GS. Interferon regulatory factor-1 gene deletion decreases glomerulonephritis in MRL/lpr mice. Eur J Immunol 2006, 36(5):1296-1308.
119. Blasius AL, Arnold CN, Georgel P, Rutschmann S, Xia Y, Lin P, Ross C, Li XH, Smart NG, Beutler B. Slc15a4, AP-3, and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome proteins are required for Toll-like receptor signaling in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. P Natl Acad Sci USA 2010, 107(46):19973-19978.
120. Abedi-Valugerdi M, Nilsson C, Zargari A, Gharibdoost F, DePierre JW, Hassan M. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide both renders resistant mice susceptible to mercury-induced autoimmunity and exacerbates such autoimmunity in susceptible mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2005, 141(2):238-247.
121. Kim YM, Brinkmann MM, Paquet ME, Ploegh HL. UNC93B1 delivers nucleotide-sensing toll-like receptors to endolysosomes. Nature 2008, 452(7184):234-238.
122. Wu T, Qin X, Kurepa Z, Kumar KR, Liu K, Kanta H, Zhou XJ, Satterthwaite AB, Davis LS, Mohan C. Shared signaling networks active in B cells isolated from genetically distinct mouse models of lupus. J Clin Invest 2007, 117(8):2186-2196.
123. Endo T, Nishio M, Enzler T, Cottam HB, Fukuda T, James DF, Karin M, Kipps TJ. BAFF and APRIL support chronic lymphocytic leukemia B-cell survival through activation of the canonical NF-kappaB pathway. Blood 2007, 109(2):703-710.
124. Pone EJ, Zhang J, Mai T, White CA, Li G, Sakakura JK, Patel PJ, Al-Qahtani A, Zan H, Xu Z, Casali P. BCR-signalling synergizes with TLR-signalling for induction of AID and immunoglobulin class-switching through the non-canonical NF-kappaB pathway. Nat Commun 2012, 3:767.
125. Pollard KM, Landberg GP. The in vitro proliferation of murine lymphocytes to mercuric chloride is restricted to mature T cells and is interleukin 1 dependent. Int Immunopharmacol 2001, 1(3):581-593.
126. Havarinasab S, Pollard KM, Hultman P. Gold- and silver-induced murine autoimmunity-requirement for cytokines and CD28 in murine heavy metal-induced autoimmunity. Clin Exp Immunol 2009, 155(3):567-576.
127. Thomas CR, Kelley TR. A brief review of silicosis in the United States. Environ Health Insights 2010, 4:21-26.
128. Leung CC, Yu IT, Chen W. Silicosis. Lancet 2012, 379(9830):2008-2018.
129. Cooper GS, Wither J, Bernatsky S, Claudio JO, Clarke A, Rioux JD, Fortin PR. Occupational and environmental exposures and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: silica, sunlight, solvents. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010, 49(11):2172-2180.
130. Finckh A, Cooper GS, Chibnik LB, Costenbader KH, Watts J, Pankey H, Fraser PA, Karlson EW. Occupational silica and solvent exposures and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in urban women. Arthritis Rheum 2006, 54(11):3648-3654.
131. Makol A, Reilly MJ, Rosenman KD. Prevalence of connective tissue disease in silicosis (1985-2006) - a report from the state of Michigan surveillance system for silicosis. Am J Ind Med 2011, 54(4):255-262.
132. Masson C, Audran M, Pascaretti C, Chevailler A, Subra JF, Tuchais E, Kahn MF. Silica-associated systemic erythematosus lupus or mineral dust lupus?. Lupus 1997, 6(1):1-3.
133. Conrad K, Mehlhorn J. Diagnostic and prognostic relevance of autoantibodies in uranium miners. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2000, 123(1):77-91.
134. Conrad K, Mehlhorn J, Luthke K, Dorner T, Frank KH. Systemic lupus erythematosus after heavy exposure to quartz dust in uranium mines: clinical and serological characteristics. Lupus 1996, 5(1):62-69.
135. Brown JM, Pfau JC, Holian A. Immunoglobulin and lymphocyte responses following silica exposure in New Zealand mixed mice. Inhal Toxicol 2004, 16(3):133-139.
136. Brown JM, Archer AJ, Pfau JC, Holian A. Silica accelerated systemic autoimmune disease in lupus-prone New Zealand mixed mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2003, 131(3):415-421.
137. Pfau JC, Sentissi JJ, Li S, Calderon-Garciduenas L, Brown JM, Blake DJ. Asbestos-induced autoimmunity in C57BL/6 mice. J Immunotoxicol 2008, 5(2):129-137.
138. Al-Mogairen SM, Al-Arfaj AS, Meo SA, Adam M, Al-Hammad A, Gad El Rab MO. Induction of autoimmunity in Brown Norway rats by oral and parenteral administration of sodium silicate. Lupus 2009, 18(5):413-417.
139. Maeda M, Nishimura Y, Kumagai N, Hayashi H, Hatayama T, Katoh M, Miyahara N, Yamamoto S, Hirastuka J, Otsuki T. Dysregulation of the immune system caused by silica and asbestos. J Immunotoxicol 2010, 7(4):268-278.
140. Otsuki T, Maeda M, Murakami S, Hayashi H, Miura Y, Kusaka M, Nakano T, Fukuoka K, Kishimoto T, Hyodoh F, Ueki A, Nishimura Y. Immunological effects of silica and asbestos. Cell Mol Immunol 2007, 4(4):261-268.
141. Blake DJ, Wetzel SA, Pfau JC. Autoantibodies from mice exposed to Libby amphibole asbestos bind SSA/Ro52-enriched apoptotic blebs of murine macrophages. Toxicology 2008, 246(2-3):172-179.
142. Cassel SL, Eisenbarth SC, Iyer SS, Sadler JJ, Colegio OR, Tephly LA, Carter AB, Rothman PB, Flavell RA, Sutterwala FS. The Nalp3 inflammasome is essential for the development of silicosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008, 105(26):9035-9040.
143. Beamer CA, Migliaccio CT, Jessop F, Trapkus M, Yuan D, Holian A. Innate immune processes are sufficient for driving silicosis in mice. J Leukoc Biol 2010, 88(3):547-557.
144. Beamer CA, Holian A. Silica suppresses Toll-like receptor ligand-induced dendritic cell activation. Faseb J 2008, 22(6):2053-2063.
145. Lacher SE, Johnson C, Jessop F, Holian A, Migliaccio CT. Murine pulmonary inflammation model: a comparative study of anesthesia and instillation methods. Inhal Toxicol 2010, 22(1):77-83.
146. Davis GS, Holmes CE, Pfeiffer LM, Hemenway DR. Lymphocytes, lymphokines, and silicosis. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2001, 20(Suppl 1):53-65.
147. Misson P, Brombacher F, Delos M, Lison D, Huaux F. Type 2 immune response associated with silicosis is not instrumental in the development of the disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007, 292(1):L107-113.
148. Davis GS, Pfeiffer LM, Hemenway DR, Rincon M. Interleukin-12 is not essential for silicosis in mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2006, 3:2.
149. Lo Re S, Dumoutier L, Couillin I, Van Vyve C, Yakoub Y, Uwambayinema F, Marien B, van den Brule S, Van Snick J, Uyttenhove C, Ryffel B, Renauld JC, Lison D, Huaux F. IL-17A-producing gammadelta T and Th17 lymphocytes mediate lung inflammation but not fibrosis in experimental silicosis. J Immunol 2010, 184(11):6367-6377.
150. Giordano G, van den Brule S, Lo Re S, Triqueneaux P, Uwambayinema F, Yakoub Y, Couillin I, Ryffel B, Michiels T, Renauld JC, Lison D, Huaux F. Type I interferon signaling contributes to chronic inflammation in a murine model of silicosis. Toxicol Sci 2010, 116(2):682-692.
151. Dostert C, Petrilli V, Van Bruggen R, Steele C, Mossman BT, Tschopp J. Innate immune activation through Nalp3 inflammasome sensing of asbestos and silica. Science 2008, 320(5876):674-677.
152. Biswas R, Bunderson-Schelvan M, Holian A. Potential role of the inflammasome-derived inflammatory cytokines in pulmonary fibrosis. Pulm Med 2011, 2011:105707.
153. Srivastava KD, Rom WN, Jagirdar J, Yie TA, Gordon T, Tchou-Wong KM. Crucial role of interleukin-1beta and nitric oxide synthase in silica-induced inflammation and apoptosis in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002, 165(4):527-533.
154. Thakur SA, Beamer CA, Migliaccio CT, Holian A. Critical role of MARCO in crystalline silica-induced pulmonary inflammation. Toxicol Sci 2009, 108(2):462-471.
155. Beamer CA, Holian A. Scavenger receptor class A type I/II (CD204) null mice fail to develop fibrosis following silica exposure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2005, 289(2):L186-195.
156. Rogers NJ, Lees MJ, Gabriel L, Maniati E, Rose SJ, Potter PK, Morley BJ. A defect in Marco expression contributes to systemic lupus erythematosus development via failure to clear apoptotic cells. J Immunol 2009, 182(4):1982-1990.
157. Wermeling F, Chen Y, Pikkarainen T, Scheynius A, Winqvist O, Izui S, Ravetch JV, Tryggvason K, Karlsson MC. Class A scavenger receptors regulate tolerance against apoptotic cells, and autoantibodies against these receptors are predictive of systemic lupus. J Exp Med 2007, 204(10):2259-2265.
158. Gaipl US, Munoz LE, Grossmayer G, Lauber K, Franz S, Sarter K, Voll RE, Winkler T, Kuhn A, Kalden J, Kern P, Herrmann M. Clearance deficiency and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). J Autoimmun 2007, 28(2-3):114-121.
159. Munoz LE, Gaipl US, Franz S, Sheriff A, Voll RE, Kalden JR, Herrmann M. SLE-a disease of clearance deficiency?. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2005, 44(9):1101-1107.
160. Honda K, Ohba Y, Yanai H, Negishi H, Mizutani T, Takaoka A, Taya C, Taniguchi T. Spatiotemporal regulation of MyD88-IRF-7 signalling for robust type-I interferon induction. Nature 2005, 434(7036):1035-1040.
161. Guiducci C, Ott G, Chan JH, Damon E, Calacsan C, Matray T, Lee KD, Coffman RL, Barrat FJ. Properties regulating the nature of the plasmacytoid dendritic cell response to Toll-like receptor 9 activation. J Exp Med 2006, 203(8):1999-2008.
162. Kerkmann M, Rothenfusser S, Hornung V, Towarowski A, Wagner M, Sarris A, Giese T, Endres S, Hartmann G. Activation with CpG-A and CpG-B oligonucleotides reveals two distinct regulatory pathways of type I IFN synthesis in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J Immunol 2003, 170(9):4465-4474.
163. Saitoh T, Satoh T, Yamamoto N, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O, Kawai T, Akira S. Antiviral protein Viperin promotes Toll-like receptor 7- and Toll-like receptor 9-mediated type I interferon production in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Immunity 2011, 34(3):352-363.
164. Christensen MM. Histochemical localization of autometallographically detectable mercury in tissues of the immune system from mice exposed to mercuric chloride. Histochem J 1996, 28(3):217-225.
165. Villegas J, Martinez R, Andres A, Crespo D. Accumulation of mercury in neurosecretory neurons of mice after long-term exposure to oral mercuric chloride. Neurosci Lett 1999, 271(2):93-96.
166. Hamilton RF, Thakur SA, Holian A. Silica binding and toxicity in alveolar macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2008, 44(7):1246-1258.
167. Costantini LM, Gilberti RM, Knecht DA. The phagocytosis and toxicity of amorphous silica. PLoS One 2011, 6(2):e14647.
168. Pollard KM, Pearson DL, Bluthner M, Tan EM. Proteolytic cleavage of a self-antigen following xenobiotic-induced cell death produces a fragment with novel immunogenic properties. J Immunol 2000, 165(4):2263-2270.
169. Herman S, Kny A, Schorn C, Pfatschbacher J, Niederreiter B, Herrmann M, Holmdahl R, Steiner G, Hoffmann MH. Cell death and cytokine production induced by autoimmunogenic hydrocarbon oils. Autoimmunity 2012, 45(8):602-611.
170. Hamilton RF, Thakur SA, Mayfair JK, Holian A. MARCO mediates silica uptake and toxicity in alveolar macrophages from C57BL/6 mice. J Biol Chem 2006, 281(45):34218-34226.
171. Ben-Sasson SZ, Hu-Li J, Quiel J, Cauchetaux S, Ratner M, Shapira I, Dinarello CA, Paul WE. IL-1 acts directly on CD4 T cells to enhance their antigen-driven expansion and differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009, 106(17):7119-7124.
172. Hurgin V, Novick D, Werman A, Dinarello CA, Rubinstein M. Antiviral and immunoregulatory activities of IFN-gamma depend on constitutively expressed IL-1alpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007, 104(12):5044-5049.
173. Rider P, Carmi Y, Guttman O, Braiman A, Cohen I, Voronov E, White MR, Dinarello CA, Apte RN. IL-1alpha and IL-1beta recruit different myeloid cells and promote different stages of sterile inflammation. J Immunol 2011, 187(9):4835-4843.