Skin-lightening creams are a possible exposure risk for systemic lupus erythematosus: Comment on the article by Finckh et al [3]

Arthritis and Rheumatism

Volumn 56, Issue 5, 2007, Pages 1721-

  Pollard, K Michael ^a   Hultman, Per ^b  

^a SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MERCURY;

AFRICAN AMERICAN; AUTOIMMUNITY; ENVIRONMENT; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; LETTER; NONHUMAN; POPULATION RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SKIN PIGMENTATION; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS;

AFRICAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; EMOLLIENTS; FEMALE; HUMANS; LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC; MERCURY; RISK FACTORS; SKIN CARE; SKIN PIGMENTATION; SUNLIGHT;

EID: 34248526031     PISSN: 00043591     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/art.22560     Document Type: Letter

References (12)

1. Finckh A, Cooper GS, Chibnik LB, Costenbader KH, Watts J, Pankey H, et al. Occupational silica and solvent exposures and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in urban women. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54:3648-54.
2. Al-Saleh I, El-Doush I. Mercury content in skin-lightening creams and potential hazards to the health of Saudi Women. J Toxicol Environ Health 1997;51:123-30.
3. Al-Saleh I, El-Doush I, Shinwari N, Al-Baradei R, Khogali F, Al-Amodi M. Does low mercury containing skin-lightening cream (fair & lovely) affect the kidney, liver, and brain of female mice? Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2005;24:11-29.
4. Pollard KM, Pearson DL, Hultman P, Deane TN, Lindh U, Kono DH. Xenobiotic acceleration of idiopathic systemic autoimmunity in lupus-prone bxsb mice. Environ Health Perspect 2001;109: 27-33.
5. Nylander M, Friberg L, Lind B. Mercury concentrations in the human brain and kidneys in relation to exposure from dental amalgam fillings. Swed Dent J 1987;11:179-87.
6. Barr RD, Rees PH, Cordy PE, Kungu A, Woodger BA, Cameron HM. Nephrotic syndrome in adult Africans in Nairobi. Br Med J 1972;2:131-4.
7. Soo YO, Chow KM, Lam CW, Lai FM, Szeto CC, Chan MH, et al. A whitened face woman with nephrotic syndrome. Am J Kidney Dis 2003;41:250-3.
8. Barr RD. The mercurial nephrotic syndrome. East Afr Med J 1990;67:381-6.
9. Tang HL, Chu KH, Mak YF, Lee W, Cheuk A, Yim KF, et al. Minimal change disease following exposure to mercury-containing skin lightening cream. Hong Kong Med J 2006;12:316-8.
10. Silva IA, Nyland JF, Gorman A, Perisse A, Ventura AM, Santos EC, et al. Mercury exposure, malaria, and serum antinuclear/antinucleolar antibodies in Amazon populations in Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health 2004;3:11.
11. Cooper GS, Parks CG, Treadwell EL, St Clair EW, Gilkeson GS, Dooley MA. Occupational risk factors for the development of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2004;31:1928-33.
12. Pollard KM, Hultman P, Kono DH. Immunology and genetics of induced systemic autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2005;4:282-8.