Reflections on self-deception

Behavioral and Brain Sciences

Volumn 34, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 41-56

  Von Hippel, William ^a   Trivers, Robert ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^b RUTGERS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COGNITION; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; DECEPTION; GOAL ATTAINMENT; GUILT; HAPPINESS; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; MENTAL DISEASE; MOTIVATION; OPTIMISM; REVIEW; SELF CARE; SELF CONCEPT; SELF ESTEEM; THINKING;

EID: 79952767308     PISSN: 0140525X     EISSN: 14691825     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X10003018     Document Type: Review

References (449)

1. Ackerman, J. M., Becker, D. V., Mortensen, C. R., Sasaki, T., Neuberg, S. L. & Kenrick, D. T. (2009) A pox on the mind: Disjunction of attention and memory in the processing of physical disfigurement. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45:478-85.
2. Ackerman, J. M., Nocera, C. C. & Bargh, J. A. (2010) Incidental haptic sensations influence social judgments. Science 328:1712-75.
3. Ackerman, J. M., Shapiro, J. R., Neuberg, S. L., Kenrick, D. T., Becker, D. V., Griskevicius, V., Maner, J. K. & Schaller, M. (2006) They all look the same to me (unless they are angry): From out-group homogeneity to out-group heterogeneity. Psychological Science 17:836-40. (Pubitemid 44715251)
4. Addis, D. R., Wong, A. T. & Schacter, D. L. (2007) Remembering the past and imagining the future: Common and distinct neural substrates during event construction and elaboration. Neuropsychologia 45:1363-77. (Pubitemid 46096997)
5. Albarraćn, D. & Mitchell, A. L. (2004) The role of defensive confidence in preference for proattitudinal information: How believing that one is strong can sometimes be a defensive weakness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 30:1565-84. (Pubitemid 39604620)
6. Alicke, M. D. & Sedikides, C. (2009) Self-enhancement and self-protection: What they are and what they do. European Review of Social Psychology 20:1-48.
7. Amodio, D. M., Jost, J. T., Master, S. L. & Yee, C. M. (2007) Neurocognitive correlates of liberalism and conservatism. Nature Neuroscience 10:1246-47. (Pubitemid 47480301)
8. Anderson, D. E., Ansfield, M. E. & DePaulo, B. M. (1999) Love's best habit: Deception in the context of relationships. In: The social context of nonverbal behaviour, ed. P. Philippot, R. S. Feldman & E. J. Coats, pp. 372-409. Cambridge University Press.
9. Anderson, D. E., DePaulo, B. M. & Ansfield, M. E. (2002) The development of deception detection skill: A longitudinal study of same-sex friends. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 28:536-45. (Pubitemid 41301374)
10. Anderson, M. C., Ochsner, K. N., Kuhl, B., Cooper, J., Robertson, E., Gabrieli, S. W., Glover, G. H. & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2004) Neural systems underlying the suppression of unwanted memories. Science 303:232-35. (Pubitemid 38057573)
11. Ariely, D. & Norton, M. I. (2008) How actions create-not just reveal-preferences. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 12:13-16. (Pubitemid 50008368)
12. Armitage, C. J., Harris, P. R., Hepton, G. & Napper L. (2008) Self-affirmation increases acceptance of health-risk information among UK adult smokers with low socioeconomic status. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 22:88-95. (Pubitemid 351389761)
13. Armor, D. A. & Taylor, S. E. (1998) Situated optimism: Specific outcome expectations and self-regulation. In: Advances in experimental social psychology, vol. 30, ed. M. P. Zanna, pp. 309-79. Academic Press.
14. Aspinwall, L. G. & Richter, L. (1999) Optimism and self-mastery predict more rapid disengagement from unsolvable tasks in presence of alternatives. Motivation and Emotion 23:221-45.
15. Assad, K. K., Donnellan, M. B. & Conger, R. D. (2007) Optimism: An enduring resource for romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 93:285-97.
16. Babad, E. (1997) Wishful thinking among voters: Motivational and cognitive influences. International Journal of Public Opinion Research 9:105-25.
17. Babcock, L. & Loewenstein, G. (1997) Explaining bargaining impasse: The role of self-serving biases. Journal of Economic Perspectives 11(1):109-26. (Pubitemid 127458859)
18. Baker, R. R. & Bellis, M. A. (1993) Human sperm competition: Ejaculate adjustment by males and the function of masturbation. Animal Behaviour 46861-85.
19. Balcetis, E. (2008) Where the motivation resides and self-deception hides: How motivated cognition accomplishes self-deception. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 2(1):361-81.
20. Balcetis, E. & Dunning, D. (2010) Wishful seeing: Desired objects are seen as closer. Psychological Science 21:147-52.
21. Balcetis, E., Dunning, D. & Miller, R. L. (2008) Do collectivists know themselves better than individualists? Cross-cultural studies of the holier than thou phenomenon. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 95:1252-67.
22. Bandura, A. (1982) Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist 37:122-47.
23. Bandura, A. (1986) Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall.
24. Bandura, A. (1989) Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist 44:1175-84.
25. Bandura, A. (1999) Moral disengagement in the perpetration of inhumanities. Personality and Social Psychology Review 3:193-209.
26. Bandura, A. (2008) The reconstrual of "free will" from the agentic perspective of social cognitive theory. In: Are we free? Psychology and free will, ed. J. Baer, J. C. Kaufman & R. F. Baumeister, pp. 86-127. Oxford University Press.
27. Bargh, J. A. (1994) The four horsemen of automaticity: Awareness, efficiency, intention, and control in social cognition. In: Handbook of social cognition, 2nd ed., ed. R. S. Wyer, Jr. & T. K. Srull, pp. 1-40. Erlbaum.
28. Bargh, J. A., Green, M. & Fitzsimons, G. (2008) The selfish goal: Unintended consequences of intended goal pursuits. Social Cognition 26:520-40.
29. Bargh, J. A. & Huang, J. Y. (2009) The selfish goal. In: The psychology of goals, ed. G. B. Moskowitz & H. Grant, pp. 127-50. Guilford Press.
30. Bargh, J. A. & Morsella, E. (2008) The unconscious mind. Perspectives on Psychological Science 3:73-79.
31. Barrett, H. C. (2005) Enzymatic computation and cognitive modularity. Mind and Language 20:259-87. (Pubitemid 40816227)
32. Barrett, H. C. & Kurzban, R. (2006) Modularity in cognition: Framing the debate. Psychological Review 113:628-47. (Pubitemid 44118172)
33. Bartlett, F. C. (1932) Remembering: A study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge University Press.
34. Batson, C. D., Kobrynowicz, D., Dinnerstein, J. L., Kampf, H. C. & Wilson, A. D. (1997) In a very different voice: Unmasking moral hypocrisy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72:1335-48. (Pubitemid 127689008)
35. Batson, C. D. & Thompson, E. R. (2001) Why don't moral people act morally? Motivational considerations. Current Directions in Psychological Science 10:54-57. (Pubitemid 33403310)
36. Bem, D. J. (1967) Self-perception: An alternative interpretation of cognitive dissonance phenomena. Psychological Review 74:183-200.
37. Bodner, R. & Prelec, D. (2003) Self-signaling in a neo-Calvinist model of everyday decision making. In: Psychology of economic decisions, vol. I, ed. I. Brocas & J. Carillo. Oxford University Press.
38. Boehm, J. K. & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008) Does happiness promote career success? Journal of Career Assessment 16:101-16.
39. Bok, S. (1980) The self deceived. Social Science Information 19:923-36.
40. Boles, T., Croson, R. & Murnighan, J. K. (2000) Deception and retribution in repeated ultimatum bargaining. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 83:235-59.
41. Bond, C. F., Jr. & DePaulo, B. M. (2006) Accuracy of deception judgments. Personality and Social Psychology Review 10:214-34. (Pubitemid 44350196)
42. Bond, C. F., Jr. & Fahey, W. E. (1987) False suspicion and the misperception of deceit. British Journal of Social Psychology 26:41-46.
43. Bosson, J. K., Swann, W. B. & Pennebaker, J. W. (2000) Stalking the perfect measure of implicit self-esteem: The blind men and the elephant revisited? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79:631-43.
44. Bower, G. H. (1991) Mood congruity of social judgments. In: Emotion and social judgments, ed. J. P. Forgas, pp. 31-54. Pergamon.
45. Boyd, R. & Richerson, P. J. (2009) Culture and the evolution of human cooperation, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (B) 364:3281-88.
46. Bransford, J. D. & Johnson, M. K. (1973) Considerations of some problems of comprehension. In: Visual information processing, ed. W. G. Chase, pp. 383-438. Academic Press.
47. Bratman, M. E. (1992) Practical reasoning and acceptance in a context. Mind 101(401):1-15.
48. Bressan, P. (2002) The connection between random sequences, everyday coincidences, and belief in the paranormal. Applied Cognitive Psychology 16:17-34. (Pubitemid 39517168)
49. Bressan, P., Kramer, P. & Germani, M. (2008) Visual attentional capture predicts belief in a meaningful world. Cortex 44:1299-306.
50. Brewer, M. B. & Caporael, L. (2006) An evolutionary perspective on social identity: Revisiting groups. In: Evolution and social psychology, ed. M. Schaller, J. Simpson & D. Kenrick, pp. 143-61. Psychology Press.
51. Brissette, I., Scheier, M. F. & Carver, C. S. (2002) The role of optimism in social network development, coping, and psychological adjustment during a life transition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82:102-11.
52. Brown, J. D. (2010) Across the (not so) Great Divide: Cultural similarities in self-evaluative processes. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 4:318-30.
53. Brown, S. P., Cron, W. L. & Slocum, J. W. (1998) Effects of trait competitiveness and perceived intraorganizational competition on salesperson goal setting and performance. Journal of Marketing 62:88-98.
54. Brugger, P., Regard, M., Landis, T. & Graves, R. E. (1995) The roots of meaningful coincidence. Lancet 345:1306-307.
55. Bruner, J. S. & Goodman, C. C. (1947) Value and need as organizing factors in perception. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 42:33-44.
56. Buhrmester, M. D., Blanton, H., & Swann, W. B. (in press) Implicit self-esteem: Nature, measurement, and a new way forward. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
57. Buller, D. B., Strzyzewski, K. D. & Comstock, J. (1991) Interpersonal deception: I. Deceivers' reactions to receivers' suspicions and probing. Communication Monographs 58:1-24.
58. Buss, D. M. (1988) The evolution of human intrasexual competition: Tactics of mate attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54:616-28.
59. Buss, D. M. (2003) The evolution of desire: Strategies of human mating, rev. ed. Free Press.
60. Buss, D. M. (2009) The great struggles of life: Darwin and the emergence of evolutionary psychology. American Psychologist 64:140-48.
61. Buss, D. M. & Dedden, L. A. (1990) Derogation of competitors. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 7:395-422.
62. Cai, H., Sedikides, C., Gaertner, L., Wang, C., Carvallo, M., Xu, Y., O'Mara, E. M. & Jackson, L. E. (2011) Tactical self-enhancement in China: Is modesty at the service of self-enhancement in East-Asian culture? Social Psychological and Personality Science 2:59-64.
63. Carruthers, P. (2006) The architecture of the mind: Massive modularity and the flexibility of thought. Oxford University Press.
64. Carruthers, P. (2009a) An architecture for dual reasoning. In: In two minds: Dual processes and beyond, ed. J. St. B. T. Evans & K. Frankish, pp. 109-27. Oxford University Press.
65. Carruthers, P. (2009b) How we know our own minds: The relationship between mindreading and metacognition. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32(2):121-82.
66. Carver, C. S., Kus, L. A. & Scheier, M. F. (1994) Effects of good versus bad mood and optimistic versus pessimistic outlook on social acceptance versus rejection. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 13:138-51.
67. Carver, C. S. & Scheier, M. F. (2002) Optimism. In: Handbook of positive psychology, ed. C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez, pp. 231-43. Oxford University Press.
68. Cassidy, J. (1988) Child-mother attachment and the self in six-year olds. Child Development 59:121-34.
69. Ceci, S. J., Loftus, E. F., Leichtman, M. D. & Bruck, M. (1994) The possible role of source misattributions in the creation of false beliefs among preschoolers. The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 42:304-20. (Pubitemid 24278072)
70. Chaiken, S. & Trope, Y. (1999) Dual-process theories in social psychology. Guilford Press.
71. Chambers, J. R. & Windschitl, P. D. (2004) Biases in social comparative judgments: The role of nonmotivated factors in above-average and comparative-optimism effects. Psychological Bulletin 130:813-38. (Pubitemid 39216584)
72. Champlin, T. S. (1977) Self-deception: A reflexive dilemma. Philosophy 52:281-99.
73. Charcot, J. M. (1889) Clinical lectures on diseases of the nervous system. New Sydenham Society.
74. Chartrand, T. L., Dalton, A. N. & Fitzsimons, G. J. (2007) Nonconscious relationship reactance: When significant others prime opposing goals. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 43:719-26.
75. Chartrand, T. L., Huber, J., Shiv, B. & Tanner, R. J. (2008) Nonconscious goals and consumer choice. Journal of Consumer Research 35:189-201.
76. Chrobak, Q. & Zaragoza, M. S. (2008) Inventing stories: Forcing witnesses to fabricate entire fictitious events leads to freely reported false memories. Psycho-nomic Bulletin and Review 15:1190-95.
77. Churchland, P. (1987) Epistemology in the age of neuroscience. Journal of Philosophy 84:544-53.
78. Clancy, S. A., Schacter, D. L., McNally, R. J. & Pitman, R. K. (2000) False recognition in women reporting recovered memories of sexual abuse. Psychological Science 11:26-31.
79. Coates, S. L., Butler, L. T. & Berry, D. C. (2006) Implicit memory and consumer choice: The mediating role of brand familiarity. Applied Cognitive Psychology 20:1101-16. (Pubitemid 44941837)
80. Cohen, G. L., Aronson, J. & Steele, C. M. (2000) When beliefs yield to evidence: Reducing biased evaluation by affirming the self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26:1151-64.
81. Cohen, L. J. (1992) An essay on belief and acceptance. Oxford University Press.
82. Cohen, S. (1986) Behavior, health, and environmental stress. Plenum Press.
83. Cohen, S., Alper, C. M., Doyle, W. J., Treanor, J. J. & Turner, R. B. (2006) Positive emotional style predicts resistance to illness after experimental exposure to rhinovirus or Influenza A virus. Psychosomatic Medicine 68:809-15. (Pubitemid 44808704)
84. Colvin, C. R. & Block, J. (1994) Do positive illusions foster mental health? An examination of the Taylor and Brown formulation. Psychological Bulletin 116:3-20. (Pubitemid 24976758)
85. Colvin, C. R., Block, J. & Funder, D. C. (1995) Overly positive self-evaluations and personality: Negative implications for mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68:1152-62.
86. Coman, A., Manier, D. & Hirst, W. (2009) Forgetting the unforgettable through conversation: Socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting of September 11 memories. Psychological Science 20:627-33.
87. Conger, J. A. & Kanungo, R. N. (1987) Toward a behavioral theory of charismatic leadership in organizational settings. Academy of Management Review 12:637-47.
88. Conway, M. & Ross, M. (1984) Getting what you want by revising what you had. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 47:738-48.
89. Corballis, M. C. (2007) The evolution of consciousness. In: The Cambridge handbook of consciousness, ed. P. D. Zelazo, M. Moscovitch & E. Thompson, pp. 571-95. Cambridge University Press.
90. Correll, J., Spencer, S. J. & Zanna, M. P. (2004) An affirmed self and an open mind: Self-affirmation and sensitivity to argument strength. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 40:350-56. (Pubitemid 38582683)
91. Crowne, D. P. & Marlowe, D. (1960) A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology 24:1397-403.
92. Crowne, D. P. & Marlowe, D. (1964) The approval motive. Wiley.
93. Croyle, R. T., Loftus, E. F., Barger, S. D., Sun, Y.-C., Hart, M. & Gettig, J. (2006) How well do people recall risk factor test results? Accuracy and bias among cholesterol screening participants. Health Psychology 25:425-32. (Pubitemid 44128273)
94. Cuc, A., Koppel, J. & Hirst, W. (2007) Silence is not golden: A case for socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting. Psychological Science 18:727-33.
95. Cummins, D. D. (1999) Cheater detection is modified by social rank: The impact of dominance on the evolution of cognitive functions. Evolution and Human Behavior 20(4):229-48. (Pubitemid 129516493)
96. D'Argembeau, A. & Van der Linden, M. (2008) Remembering pride and shame: Self-enhancement and the phenomenology of autobiographical memory. Memory 16:538-47. (Pubitemid 351943241)
97. Dawkins, R. (1976) The selfish gene. Oxford University Press.
98. Dawkins, R. (1982) The extended phenotype. Freeman.
99. Dawkins, R. & Krebs, J. (1978) Animal signals: Information or manipulation? In: Behavioural ecology: An evolutionary approach, ed. J. Krebs & N. Davies, pp. 282-309. Blackwell Scientific.
100. Dawson, E., Gilovich, T. & Regan, D. T. (2002) Motivated reasoning and performance on the Wason Selection Task. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 28:1379-87. (Pubitemid 41301404)
101. Dawson, E., Savitsky, K. & Dunning, D. (2006) "Don't tell me, I don't want to know": Understanding people's reluctance to obtain medical diagnostic information. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 36:751-68. (Pubitemid 43475077)
102. de Jong, A., de Ruyter, K. & Wetzels, M. (2006) Linking employee confidence to performance: A study of self-managing service teams. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 34:576-87. (Pubitemid 44348735)
103. Dennett, D. (1981) Brainstorms: Philosophical essays on mind and psychology. MIT Press.
104. Dennett, D. C. (1991) Consciousness explained. Little, Brown and Co.
105. DePaulo, B. M. (1994) Spotting lies: Can humans learn to do better? Current Directions in Psychological Science 3:83-86.
106. DePaulo, B. M. (2004) The many faces of lies. In: The social psychology of good and evil, ed. A. G. Miller, pp. 303-26. Guilford.
107. DePaulo, B. M. & Kashy, D. A. (1998) Everyday lies in close and casual relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74:63-79. (Pubitemid 128458955)
108. DePaulo, B. M., Kashy, D. A., Kirkendol, S. E., Wyer, M. M. & Epstein, J. A. (1996) Lying in everyday life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70:979-95. (Pubitemid 126420723)
109. DePaulo, B. M., Lindsay, J. J., Malone, B. E., Muhlenbruck, L., Charlton, K. & Cooper, H. (2003) Cues to deception. Psychological Bulletin 129(1):74-118. (Pubitemid 41103269)
110. DePaulo, B. M., Wetzel, C., Weylin Sternglanz, R. & Walker Wilson, M. J. (2003) Verbal and nonverbal dynamics of privacy, secrecy, and deceit. Journal of Social Issues 59:391-410. (Pubitemid 36775197)
111. Diener, E. & Diener, M. (1995) Cross-cultural correlates of life satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68:653-63.
112. Ditto, P. H. & Lopez, D. F. (1992) Motivated skepticism: Use of differential decision criteria for preferred and nonpreferred conclusions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63:568-84.
113. Ditto, P. H., Munro, G. D., Apanovitch, A. M., Scepansky, J. A. & Lockhart, L. K. (2003) Spontaneous skepticism: The interplay of motivation and expectation in responses to favorable and unfavorable medical diagnosis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 29:1120-32. (Pubitemid 37035585)
114. Ditto, P. H., Scepansky, J. A., Munro, G. D., Apanovitch, A. M. & Lockhart, L. K. (1998) Motivated sensitivity to preference-inconsistent information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75:53-69.
115. Donald, M. (1991) Origins of the modern mind. Harvard University Press.
116. Drivdahl, S., Zaragoza, M. S. & Learned, D. (2009) The role of emotional elaboration in the creation of false memories. Applied Cognitive Psychology 23:13-35.
117. Ebbinghaus, H. (1885) Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology, trans. H. A. Ruger & C. E. Bussenius. Teachers College.
118. Effron, D., Cameron, J. S. & Monin, B. (2009) Endorsing Obama licenses favoring Whites. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45:590-93.
119. Egan, L., Bloom, P. & Santos, L. R. (2010) Choice-induced preferences in the absence of choice: Evidence from a blind two choice paradigm with young children and capuchin monkeys. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 46:204-207.
120. Ekman, P. (1996) Why we don't catch liars. Social Research 63:801-17.
121. Elster, J. (1999) Alchemies of the mind: Rationality and the emotions. Cambridge University Press.
122. Epley, N. & Whitchurch, E. (2008) Mirror, mirror on the wall: Enhancement in self recognition. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 34:1159-70.
123. Evans, J. St. B. T. (2007) Hypothetical thinking: Dual processes in reasoning and judgement. Psychology Press.
124. Evans, J. St. B. T. (2008) Dual-processing accounts of reasoning, judgment, and social cognition. Annual Review of Psychology 59:255-78.
125. Evans, J. St. B. T. & Frankish, K., eds. (2009) In two minds: Dual processes and beyond. Oxford University Press.
126. Evans, J. St. B. T. & Over, D. E. (1996) Rationality and reasoning. Psychology Press.
127. Exline, J. J. & Lobel, M. (1999) The perils of outperformance: Sensitivity about being the target of a threatening upward comparison. Psychological Bulletin 125:307-37.
128. Falk, C. F., Heine, S. J., Yuki, M. & Takemura, K. (2009) Why do Westerners self-enhance more than East Asians? European Journal of Personality 23:183-209.
129. Fazio, R. H. & Olson, M. A. (2003) Implicit measures in social cognition research: Their meaning and use. Annual Review of Psychology 54:297-327. (Pubitemid 37417496)
130. Fehr, E. & Gächter, S. (2002) Altruistic punishment in humans. Nature 415:137-40. (Pubitemid 34059509)
131. Fein, S. & Spencer, S. J. (1997) Prejudice as self-image maintenance: Affirming the self through derogating others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73:31-44.
132. Ferguson, M. J. (2008) On becoming ready to pursue a goal you don't know you have: Effects of nonconscious goals on evaluative readiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 95:1268-94.
133. Festinger, L. (1954) A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations 7:117-40.
134. Festinger, L. (1957) A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford University Press.
135. Festinger, L. & Carlsmith, J. M. (1959) Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 58:203-11.
136. Fisher, M. L. (2004) Female intrasexual competition decreases female facial attractiveness. Biology Letters 271:283-85.
137. Fitzsimmons, G. & Anderson, J. (in press) Interdependent goals and relationship conflict. Chapter to appear In: Social conflict and aggression, ed. J. P. Forgas, A. Kruglanski & K. Williams. Psychology Press.
138. Fleming, J. M., Darley, J. H., Hilton, B. A. & Kojetin, B. A. (1990) Multiple audience problem: A strategic communication perspective on social perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 58:593-609.
139. Flinn, M. V. (2007) Evolution of stress response to social threat. In: The Oxford handbook of evolutionary psychology, ed. R. I. M. Dunbar & L. Barrett, pp. 273-96. Oxford University Press.
140. Fodor, J. (1983) The modularity of mind. MIT Press.
141. Fodor, J. (2000) The mind doesn't work that way. Bradford Books/MIT.
142. Ford, C. V. (1983) The somatizing disorders. Illness as a way of life. Elsevier.
143. Förster, J., Liberman, N. & Higgins, E. T. (2005) Accessibility from active and fulfilled goals. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 41(3):220-39. (Pubitemid 40427035)
144. Frankfurt, H. G. (2005) On bullshit. Princeton University Press.
145. Frankish, K. (2004) Mind and supermind. Cambridge University Press.
146. Frankish, K. (2009) Systems and levels: Dual-system theories and the personal-subpersonal distinction. In: In two minds: Dual processes and beyond, ed. J. St. B. T. Evans & K. Frankish, pp. 89-107. Oxford University Press.
147. Frankish, K. (2010) Dual-process and dual-system theories of reasoning. Philosophy Compass 5(10):914-26.
148. Frankish, K. & Evans, J. St. B. T. (2009) The duality of mind: An historical perspective. In: In two minds: Dual processes and beyond, ed. J. St. B. T. Evans & K. Frankish, pp. 1-29. Oxford University Press.
149. Fredrickson, B. L. (1998) What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology 2: 300-19. (Pubitemid 128608317)
150. Fredrickson, B. L. (2001) The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist 56:218-26. (Pubitemid 33609217)
151. Fredrickson, B. L., Cohn, M. A., Coffey, K. A., Pek, J. & Finkel, S. M. (2008) Open hearts build lives: Positive emotions, induced through loving-kindness meditation, build consequential personal resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 95:1045-62.
152. Frey, D. (1986) Recent research on selective exposure to information. In: Advances in experimental social psychology, vol. 19, ed. L. Berkowitz, pp. 41-80. Academic Press.
153. Frey, U. J. (2010) Modern illusions of humankind. In: Homo Novus A human without Illusions, ed. U. J. Frey, C. Störmer & K. P. Willfü hr, pp. 263-88. Springer.
154. Frijda, N. H. & Mesquita, B. (1994) The social roles and functions of emotions. In: Emotion and culture: Empirical studies of mutual influence, ed. S. Kitayama & H. R. Markus, pp. 51-87. APA.
155. Funkhouser, E. (2005) Do the self-deceived get what they want? Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 86:295-312.
156. Gaertner, L., Sedikides, C. & Chang, K. (2008) On pancultural self-enhancement: Well-adjusted Taiwanese self-enhance on personally valued traits. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 39:463-77.
157. Gallese, V. (2007) Before and below 'theory of mind': embodied simulation and the neural correlates of social cognition. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 362:659-69. (Pubitemid 47056833)
158. Gazzaniga, M. S. (1997) Why can't I control my brain? Aspects of conscious experience. In Cognition, computation, and consciousness, ed. M. Ito, Y. Miyashita & E. T. Rolls, pp. 69-79. Oxford University Press.
159. Gilbert, D. T. (2006) Stumbling on happiness. Knopf.
160. Gilbert, D. T., Pinel, E. C., Wilson, T. D., Blumberg, S. J. & Wheatley, T. (1998) Immune neglect: A source of durability bias in affective forecasting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75:617-38. (Pubitemid 127455698)
161. Gilovich, T. (1991) How we know what isn't so: The fallibility of human reason in everyday life. Macmillan.
162. Gilovich, T., Savitsky, K. & Medvec, V. H. (1998) The illusion of transparency: Biased assessments of others' ability to read one's emotional states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 75:332-46. (Pubitemid 128452400)
163. Glass, D. C. & Singer, J. E. (1972) Behavioral after effects of unpredictable and uncontrollable events. American Scientist 60:457-65.
164. Godfrey, D. K., Jones, E. E. & Lord, C. G. (1986) Self-promotion is not ingratiating. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50:106-13.
165. Goetz, C. G. (2007) J.-M. Charcot and simulated neurologic disease. Attitudes and diagnostic strategies. Neurology 69:103-109. (Pubitemid 47025212)
166. Gonsalves, B., Reber, P. J., Gitelman, D. R., Parrish, T. B., Mesulman, M. M. & Paller, K. A. (2004) Neural evidence that vivid imaging can lead to false remembering. Psychological Science 15:655-60. (Pubitemid 39443232)
167. Grafen, A. (1990) Biological signals as handicaps. Journal of Theoretical Biology 144:517-46. (Pubitemid 20206422)
168. Grafton, S. T. (2009) Embodied cognition and the simulation of action to understand others. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1156:97-117.
169. Green, J. D., Sedikides, C. & Gregg, A. P. (2008) Forgotten but not gone: The recall and recognition of self-threatening memories. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 44:547-61.
170. Greenwald, A. G. (1997) Self-knowledge and self-deception: Further consideration. In: The mythomanias: The nature of deception and self-deception, ed. M. S. Myslobodsky, pp. 51-72. Erlbaum.
171. Greenwald, A. G. & Farnham, S. D. (2000) Using the implicit association test to measure self-esteem and self-concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79:1022-38.
172. Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E. & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998) Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74:1464-80. (Pubitemid 128658112)
173. Greenwald, A. G., Poehlman, T. A., Uhlmann, E. & Banaji, M. R. (2009) Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: III. Meta-analysis of predictive validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 97:17-41.
174. Griskevicius, V., Cialdini, R. B. & Kenrick, D. T. (2006) Peacocks, Picasso, and parental investment: The effects of romantic motives on creativity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 91:63-76. (Pubitemid 44118156)
175. Gur, R. C. & Sackeim, H. A. (1979) Self-deception: A concept in search of a phenomenon. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37:147-69.
176. Haight, M. R. (1980) A study of self deception. Humanities Press.
177. Haley, K. J. & Fessler, D. M. T. (2005) Nobody's watching? Subtle cues affect generosity in an anonymous economic game. Evolution and Human Behavior 26(3):245-56. (Pubitemid 40587391)
178. Hall, L. & Johansson, P. (2008) Using choice blindness to study decision making and introspection. In: Cognition-A smorgasbord, ed. P. Gärdenfors & A. Wallin, pp. 267-83. Nya Doxa.
179. Hall, L., Johansson, P. & Strandberg, T. (in preparation a) Choice blindness and moral decision making.
180. Hall, L., Johansson, P., Tärning, B., Sikström, S. & Chater, N. (in preparation b) Preference change through choice.
181. Hall, L., Johansson, P., Tärning, B., Sikström, S. & Deutgen, T. (2010) Magic at the marketplace: Choice blindness for the taste of jam and the smell of tea. Cognition 117:54-61.
182. Hamamura, T., Heine, S. J. & Takemoto, T. (2007) Why the better-than-average effect is a worse-than-average measure of self-enhancement. An investigation of conflicting findings from studies of East Asian self-evaluations. Motivation and Emotion 31:247-59.
183. Harker, L. & Keltner, D. (2001) Expressions of positive emotion in women's college yearbook pictures and their relationship to personality and life outcomes across adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 80:112-24. (Pubitemid 33594871)
184. Harnad, S. (1995) "Why and how we are not zombies. Journal of Consciousness Studies 1:164-67. Available at: http://cogprints.org/1601.
185. Harnad, S. (2000) Correlation vs. causality: How/why the mind/body problem is hard. Journal of Consciousness Studies 7(4):54-61. Available at: http://cog-prints.org/1617/.
186. Harnad, S. (2002) Turing indistinguishability and the blind watchmaker. In: Evolving consciousness, ed. J. Fetzer, pp. 3-18. John Benjamins. Available at: http://cogprints.org/1615/.
187. Harnad, S. (2003) Can a machine be conscious? How? Journal of Consciousness Studies 10(4-5):69-75. Available at: http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac. uk/7718/.
188. Harnad, S. & Scherzer, P. (2008) First, scale up to the robotic Turing test, then worry about feeling. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 44(2):83-89. Available at: http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/14430/.
189. Harris, P. R., Mayle, K., Mabbott, L. & Napper, L. (2007) Self-affirmation reduces smokers' defensiveness to graphic on-pack cigarette warning labels. Health Psychology 26:437-46. (Pubitemid 47445001)
190. Hartwig, M., Granhag, P. A., Strömwall, L. & Kronkvist, O. (2006) Strategic use of evidence during police interrogations: When training to detect deception works. Law and Human Behavior 30:603-19.
191. Haselton, M. G., Buss, D. M., Oubaid, V. & Angleitner, A. (2005) Sex, lies, and strategic interference: The psychology of deception between the sexes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 31:3-23. (Pubitemid 40030785)
192. Heine, S. J. (2005a) Constructing good selves in Japan and North America. In: Culture and social behavior: The tenth Ontario symposium, ed. R. M. Sorrentino, D. Cohen, J. M. Olson & M. P. Zanna, pp. 95-116. Erlbaum.
193. Heine, S. J. (2005b) Where is the evidence for pancultural self-enhancement? A reply to Sedikides, Gaertner & Toguchi. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 89:531-38. (Pubitemid 41677535)
194. Heine, S. J. & Hamamura, T. (2007) In search of East Asian self-enhancement. Personality and Social Psychology Review 11:4-27.
195. Heine, S. J., Kitayama, S. & Hamamura, T. (2007a) Inclusion of additional studies yields different conclusions: Comment on Sedikides, Gaertner & Vevea (2005), Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Asian Journal of Social Psychology 10:49-58.
196. Heine, S. J., Kitayama, S. & Hamamura, T. (2007b) Which studies test the question of pancultural self-enhancement? A reply to Sedikides, Gaertner & Vevea, 2007. Asian Journal of Social Psychology 10:198-200.
197. Heine, S. J., Kitayama, S., Lehman, D. R., Takata, T., Ide, E., Leung, C. & Mat-sumoto, H. (2001) Divergent consequences of success and failure in Japan and North America: An investigation of self-improving motivations and malleable selves. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81:599-615. (Pubitemid 33597804)
198. Heine, S. J., Lehman, D. R., Markus, H. R. & Kitayama, S. (1999) Is there a universal need for positive self-regard? Psychological Review 106:766-94.
199. Heine, S. J., Takata, T. & Lehman, D. R. (2000) Beyond self-presentation: Evidence for self-criticism among Japanese. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26:71-78.
200. Henrich, J., Heine, S. J. & Norenzayan, A. (2010) The weirdest people in the world. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33:61-83.
201. Hertenstein, M. J., Hansel, C. A., Butts, A. M. & Hile, S. N. (2009) Smile intensity in photographs predicts divorce later in life. Motivation and Emotion 33:99-105.
202. Hofmann, W., Friese, M. & Strack, F. (2009) Impulse and self-control from a dual-systems perspective. Perspectives on Psychological Science 4:162-76.
203. Hofmann, W., Gawronski, B., Gschwendner, T., Le, H. & Schmitt, M. (2005) A meta-analysis on the correlation between the implicit association test and explicit self-report measures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 31:1369-85. (Pubitemid 41422572)
204. Horstmann G. (2002) Evidence for attentional capture by a surprising color singleton in visual search. Psychological Science 13:499-505. (Pubitemid 41692248)
205. Hrdy, S. B. (2009) Mothers and others-The evolutionary origins of mutual understanding. Harvard University Press.
206. Humphrey, N. (1978) Nature's psychologists. New Scientist 1109:900-904.
207. Humphrey, N. (1983) Consciousness regained: Chapters in the development of mind. Oxford University Press.
208. Humphrey, N. & Dennett, D. C. (1998) Speaking for our selves. In: Brainchildren: Essays on designing minds, ed. D. C. Dennet, pp. 31-58. Penguin Books.
209. Isaacowitz, D. M. (2006) Motivated gaze: The view from the gazer. Current Directions in Psychological Science 15:68-72.
210. Isaacowitz, D. M., Toner, K., Goren, D. & Wilson, H. R. (2008) Looking while unhappy mood-congruent gaze in young adults, positive gaze in older adults. Psychological Science 19:848-53.
211. Jacoby, L. L. (1991) A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory. Journal of Memory and Language 30:513-41.
212. Jang, S. A., Smith, S. W. Levine, T. R. (2002) To stay or to leave? The role of attachment styles in communication patterns and potential termination of romantic relationships following discovery of deception. Communication Monographs 69:236-52.
213. Jarvis, W. B. G. (1998) Do attitudes really change? Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University.
214. Johansson, P., Hall, L., Sikstrom, S. & Olsson, A. (2005) Failure to detect mismatches between intention and outcome in a simple decision task. Science 310:116-19. (Pubitemid 41434549)
215. Johansson, P., Hall, L., Sikström, S., Tärning, B. & Lind, A. (2006) How something can be said about telling more than we can know. Consciousness and Cognition 15(4):673-92.
216. John, O. P. & Robins, R. W. (1994) Accuracy and bias in self-perception: Individual differences in self-enhancement and narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66:206-19.
217. Jordan, C., Spencer, S. J., Zanna, M. P., Hoshino-Browne, E. & Correll, J. (2003) Implicit self-esteem, explicit self-esteem and defensiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 85:969-78.
218. Josephs, R. A., Larrick, R. P., Steele, C. M. & Nisbett, R. E. (1992) Protecting the self from the negative consequences of risky decisions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62:26-37.
219. Jost, J. T., Banaji, M. R. & Nosek, B. A. (2004) A decade of system justification theory: Accumulated evidence of conscious and unconscious bolstering of the status quo. Political Psychology 25:881-919. (Pubitemid 40004514)
220. Jost, J. T. & Hunyady, O. (2005) Antecedents and consequences of system-justifying ideologies. Current Directions in Psychological Science 14:260-65. (Pubitemid 41756500)
221. Jost, J. T., Napier, J. L., Thorisdottir, H., Gosling, S. D., Palfai, T. P. & Ostafin, B. (2007) Are needs to manage uncertainty and threat associated with political conservatism or ideological extremity? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 33:989-1007.
222. Kahneman, D. & Frederick, S. (2002) Representativeness revisited: Attribute substitution in intuitive judgment. In: Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment, ed. T. Gilovich, D. Griffin & D. Kahneman, pp. 49-81. Cambridge University Press.
223. Karim, A. A., Schneider, M., Lotze, M., Veit, R., Sauseng, P., Braun, C. & Bir-baumer, N. (2010) The truth about lying: Inhibition of the anterior prefrontal cortex improves deceptive behavior. Cerebral Cortex 20:205-13.
224. Kay, A. C., Gaucher, D., Napier, J. L., Callan, M. J. & Laurin, K. (2008) God and government: Testing a compensatory control explanation for the support of external systems. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 95:18-35.
225. Keltner, D. & Kring, A. (1998) Emotion, social function, and psychopathology. Review of General Psychology 2:320-42. (Pubitemid 128608318)
226. Kenny, D. A. & Kashy, D. A. (1994) Enhanced co-orientation in the perception of friends: A social relations analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67:1024-33.
227. Kenrick, D. T., Neuberg, S. L., Griskevicius, V., Becker, D. V., Schaller, M. (2010) Goal-driven cognition and functional behavior: The fundamental motives framework. Current Directions in Psychological Science 19:63-67.
228. Khalil, E. L. (2009) Self-deceit and self-serving bias: Adam Smith on "general rules." Journal of Institutional Economics 5(2):251-58.
229. Khalil, E. L. (2010) Adam Smith's concept of self-command as a solution to dynamic inconsistency and the commitment problem. Economic Inquiry 48(1):177-91.
230. Khalil, E. L. (submitted) Making sense of self-deception. Journal of Economic Psychology
231. Kim, P. H., Ferrin, D. L., Cooper, C. D. & Dirks, K. T. (2004) Removing the shadow of suspicion: The effects of apology versus denial for repairing competence-versus integrity-based trust violations. Journal of Applied Psychology 89(1):104.
232. Klar, Y. & Giladi, E. E. (1997) No one in my group can be below the group's average: A robust positivity bias in favor of anonymous peers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73(5):885-901. (Pubitemid 127688890)
233. Klein, D. C., Fencil-Morse, E. & Seligman, M. E. P. (1976) Learned helplessness, depression, and the attribution of failure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 33:508-16.
234. Kohut, H. (1977) The restoration of the self. International Universities Press.
235. Kolers, P. A. (1976) Pattern-analyzing memory. Science 191:1280-81.
236. Korsgaard, C. (1989) Personal identity and the unity of agency: A Kantian response to Parfit. Philosophy & Public Affairs 18:101-32.
237. Krachun, C., Carpenter, M., Call, J. & Tomasello, M. (2009) A competitive nonverbal false belief task for children and apes. Developmental Science 12(4):521-35.
238. Krahn, L. E., Bostwick, J. M. & Stonnington, C. M. (2008) Looking toward DSM-V: Should factitious disorder become a subtype of somatoform disorder? Psy-chosomatics 49:277-82. (Pubitemid 351905200)
239. Krizan, Z. & Suls, J. (2008) Losing sight of oneself in the above-average effect: When egocentrism, focalism, and group diffuseness collide. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 44:929-42.
240. Krizan, Z. & Windschitl, P. D. (2009) Wishful thinking about the future: Does desire impact optimism? Social and Personality Psychology Compass 3:227-43.
241. Kruger, J. (1999) Lake Wobegon be gone! The "below-average effect" and the egocentric nature of comparative ability judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77:221-32.
242. Kumashiro, M. & Sedikides, C. (2005) Taking on board liability-focused feedback: Close positive relationships as a self-bolstering resource. Psychological Science 16:732-39. (Pubitemid 41355514)
243. Kunda, Z. (1990) The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin 108:480-98.
244. Kurland, J. A. & Gaulin, S. J. C. (2005) Cooperation and conflict among kin. In: The handbook of evolutionary psychology, ed. D. M. Buss, pp. 447-82. Wiley.
245. Kurzban, R. (in press) Why everyone (else) is a hypocrite: Evolution and the modular mind. Princeton University Press.
246. Kurzban, R. & Aktipis, C. A. (2006) Modular minds, multiple motives. In: Evolution and social psychology, ed. M. Schaller, J. Simpson & D. Kenrick, pp. 39-53. Psychology Press.
247. Kurzban, R. & Aktipis, C. A. (2007) Modularity and the social mind: Are psychologists too self-ish? Personality and Social Psychology Review 11:131-49.
248. Kurzban, R. & Christner, J. (in press) Are supernatural beliefs commitment devices for intergroup conflict? In: The psychology of social conflict and aggression (The Sydney Symposium of Social Psychology, vol. 13), ed. J. P. Forgas, A. Kruglanski & K. D. Willimas.
249. Kwang, T. & Swann, W. B., Jr. (2010) Do people embrace praise even when they don't feel worthy? A review of critical tests of self-enhancement versus self-verification. Personality and Social Psychology Review 14:263-80.
250. Lahdenperä, M., Lummaa, V., Helle, S., Tremblay, M. & Russell, A. F. (2004) Fitness benefits of prolonged post-reproductive lifespan in women. Nature 428:178-81. (Pubitemid 38374313)
251. Lakin, J., Chartrand, T. L. & Arkin, R. (2008) I am too just like you: Nonconscious mimicry as an automatic behavioral response to social exclusion. Psychological Science 19:816-22.
252. Lane, R. D., Meringas, K. R., Schwartz, G. E., Huang, S. S. & Prusoff, B. A. (1990) Inverse relationship between defensiveness and lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 147:573-78. (Pubitemid 20153425)
253. Lee, A. Y. (2002) Effects of implicit memory on memory-based versus stimulus-based brand choice. Journal of Marketing Research 39:440-54.
254. Lee, S. W. S. & Schwarz, N. (2010) Washing away postdecisional dissonance. Science 328:709.
255. Leeuwen, D. S. N. V. (2007) The spandrels of self-deception: Prospects for a biological theory of a mental phenomenon. Philosophical Psychology 20(3):329-48.
256. Lerman, C., Croyle, R. T., Tercyak, K. P. & Hamann, H. (2002) Genetic testing: Psychological aspects and implications. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 70:784-97. (Pubitemid 34640743)
257. Levine, T. R. & McCornack, S. A. (1992) Linking love and lies: A formal test of the McCornack and Parks model of deception detection. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 9:143-54.
258. Levine, T. R. & McCornack, S. A. (2001) Behavioral adaptation, confidence, and heuristic-based explanations of the probing effect. Human Communication Research 27:471-502. (Pubitemid 33402137)
259. Lichtenstein, S. & Slovic, P., eds. (2006) The construction of preference. Cambridge University Press.
260. Lord, C. G., Ross, L. & Lepper, M. R. (1979) Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37: 2098-109.
261. Lu, H. & Chang, L. (2010) Deceive yourself to deceive high but not necessarily low status others. Paper presented at the 22nd Annual Meeting of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society, Eugene, OR, June 2010.
262. Lyubomirsky, S., King, L. & Diener, E. (2005) The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin 131:803-55. (Pubitemid 43024280)
263. MacLeod, M. D. & Saunders, J. (2008) Retrieval inhibition and memory distortion: Negative consequences of an adaptive process. Current Directions in Psychological Science 17:26-30.
264. Maner, J. K., Kenrick, D. T. Becker, D. V., Delton, A. W., Hofer, B., Wilbur, C. J. & Neuberg, S. L. (2003) Sexually selective cognition: Beauty captures the mind of the beholder. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 6:1107-20. (Pubitemid 38023939)
265. Maner, J. K., Kenrick, D. T., Becker, D. V., Robertson, T. E., Hofer, B., Neuberg, S. L., Delton, A. W., Butner, J. & Schaller, M. (2005) Functional projection: How fundamental social motives can bias interpersonal perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 88:63-78. (Pubitemid 40131534)
266. Mann, S. & Vrij, A. (2006) Police officers' judgements of veracity, tenseness, cognitive load and attempted behavioural control in real life police interviews. Psychology, Crime, & Law 12:307-19. (Pubitemid 43862379)
267. Markus, H. & Wurf, E. (1987) The dynamic self-concept: A social psychological perspective. Annual Review of Psychology 38:299-337.
268. Markus, H. R. & Kitayama, S. (1991) Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review 98:224-53.
269. Marsland, A. L., Pressman, S. & Cohen, S. (2007) Positive affect and immune function. In: Psychoneuroimmunology, ed. R. Ader, pp. 261-79. Elsevier.
270. Martindale, C. (1980) Subselves. In Review of Personality and Social Psychology, ed. L. Wheeler, pp. 193-218. Sage.
271. Mather, M., Canli, T., English, T., Whitfield, S., Wais, P., Ochsner, K., Gabrieli, J. D. E. & Carstensen, L. L. (2004) Amygdala responses to emotionally valenced stimuli in older and younger adults. Psychological Science 15:259-63. (Pubitemid 38535745)
272. Mather, M. & Carstensen, L. L. (2005) Aging and motivated cognition: The posi-tivity effect in attention and memory. Trends in Cognitive Science 9:496-502. (Pubitemid 41338825)
273. Mayr, E. (1976) Evolution and the diversity of life. Harvard University Press.
274. McCloskey, M. & Zaragoza, M. (1985) Misleading postevent information and memory for events: Arguments and evidence against memory impairment hypotheses. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 114:1-16. Available at: http://csaweb113v.csa.com/ids70/view-record.php?id 3&recnum 29& log from-res&SID jqq1f6dbploe7phjilrkgf7gk4.
275. McCornack, S. A. & Parks, M. R. (1986) Detection deception and relational development: The other side of trust. In: Communication yearbook, vol. 9, ed. M. L. McLaughlin, pp. 377-89. Sage.
276. McKay, R. T. & Dennett, D. C. (2009) The evolution of misbelief. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32(6):493-561.
277. Mele, A. R. (1997) Real self-deception. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20(1):91-136.
278. Mele, A. R. (2001) Self-deception unmasked. Princeton University Press.
279. Mercier, H. & Landemore, H. (in press) Reasoning is for arguing: Understanding the successes and failures of deliberation. Political Psychology.
280. Mercier, H. & Sperber, D. (in press) Why do humans reason? Arguments for an argumentative theory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences.
281. Merckelbach, H., Jelicic, M. & Pieters, M. (2010) The residual effect of feigning: How intentional faking may evolve into a less conscious form of symptom reporting. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 2010 July 9:1-9. .
282. Meyer, W.-U., Niepel, M., Rudolph, U. & Schü tzwohl, A. (1991) An experimental analysis of surprise. Cognition and Emotion 5:295-311.
283. Mezulis, A. H., Abramson, L. Y., Hyde, J. S. & Hankin, B. L. (2004) Is there a universal positive bias in attributions?: A meta-analytic review of individual, developmental, and cultural differences in the self-serving attributional bias. Psychological Bulletin 130:711-47. (Pubitemid 39216580)
284. Mijović-Prelec, D. & Prelec, D. (2010) Self-deception as self-signaling: A model and experimental evidence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365(1538):227-40.
285. Millar, M. G. & Millar, K. U. (1995) Detection of deception in familiar and unfamiliar persons: The effects of information restriction. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 19:69-84.
286. Miller, G. (2000) The mating mind. Penguin.
287. Millikan, R. G. (1984) Language, thought and other biological categories. MIT Press.
288. Millikan, R. G. (1993) White queen psychology and other essays for Alice. MIT Press.
289. Minsky, M. (1975) A framework for representing knowledge. In: The psychology of computer vision, ed. P. H. Winston, pp. 211-77. McGraw-Hill.
290. Miotto, P., De Coppi, M., Frezza, M., Rossi, M. & Preti, A. (2002) Social desirability and eating disorders. A community study of an Italian school-aged sample. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 105:372-77. (Pubitemid 34442131)
291. Miotto, P. & Preti, A. (2008) Suicide ideation and social desirability among school-aged young people. Journal of Adolescence 31:519-33. (Pubitemid 351944023)
292. Monin, B. & Miller, D. T. (2001) Moral credentials and the expression of prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81:33-43. (Pubitemid 33594637)
293. Motluk, A. (2001, December 22) It's a wonderful lie. New Scientist 2322:70-71. (Pubitemid 33784776)
294. Nairne, J. S., Pandeirada, J. N. S. & Thompson, S. R. (2008) Adaptive memory: The comparative value of survival processing. Psychological Science 19(2):176-80.
295. Nardone, I. B., Ward, R., Fotopoulou, A. & Turnbull, O. H. (2007) Attention and emotion in anosognosia: Evidence of implicit awareness and repression? Neurocase 13:438-45.
296. Neely, J. H. (1977) Semantic priming and retrieval from lexical memory: Roles of inhibitionless spreading activation and limited-capacity attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 106:226-54.
297. Nickerson, R. S. (1998) Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomena in many guises. Review of General Psychology 2:175-220. (Pubitemid 128549158)
298. Niepel, M., Rudolph, U., Schützwohl, A. & Meyer, W.-U. (1994) Temporal characteristics of the surprise reaction induced by schema-discrepant visual and auditory events. Cognition and Emotion 8:433-52.
299. Nisbett, R. E. & Wilson, T. D. (1977) Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review 84:231-59.
300. Nock, M. K., Park, J. L., Finn, C. T., Deliberto, T. L., Dour, H. J. & Banaji, M. R. (2010) Measuring the "suicidal mind:" Implicit cognition predicts suicidal behavior. Psychological Science 21:511-17.
301. Norris, P. & Inglehart. R. (2004) Sacred and secular: Religion and politics worldwide. Cambridge University Press.
302. Nosek, B. A., Smyth, F. L., Hansen, J. J., Devos, T., Lindner, N. M., Ranganath, K. A., Smith, C. T., Olson, K. R., Chugh, D., Greenwald, A. G. & Banaji, M. R. (2007) Pervasiveness and correlates of implicit attitudes and stereotypes. European Review of Social Psychology 18:36-88.
303. Nuttin, J. M. (1985) Narcissism beyond Gestalt and awareness: The name letter effect. European Journal of Social Psychology 15:353-61.
304. Oishi, S., & Diener, E. (2003) Culture and well-being: The cycle of action, evaluation, and decision. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 29:939-49. (Pubitemid 36946134)
305. Olson, J. M. & Zanna, M. P. (1979) A new look at selective exposure. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 15:1-15.
306. Park, H. S., Levine, T. R., McCornack, S. A., Morrisson, K. & Ferrara, M. (2002) How people really detect lies. Communication Monographs 69:144-57.
307. Paulhus, D. L. (1991) Measurement and control of response bias. In: Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes, vol. 1, ed. J. P. Robinson, P. R. Shaver & L. S. Wrightsman, pp. 17-59. Academic Press.
308. Paulhus, D. L. (1998) Interpersonal and intrapsychic adaptiveness of trait self-enhancement: A mixed blessing? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74:1197-208. (Pubitemid 128656638)
309. Paulhus, D. L. & John, O. P. (1998) Egoistic and moralistic biases in self-perception: The interplay of self-deceptive styles with basic traits and motives. Journal of Personality 66(6):1025-60. (Pubitemid 128469829)
310. Paulhus, D. L. & Reid, D. B. (1991) Enhancement and denial in socially desirable responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 60(2):307-17.
311. Pears, D. (1985) The goals and strategies of self-deception. In: The multiple self, ed. J. Elster, pp. 59-77. Cambridge University Press.
312. Penn, D. C., Holyoak, K. J. & Povinelli, D. J. (2008) Darwin's mistake: Explaining the discontinuity between human and nonhuman minds. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31:109-78.
313. Penrod, S. D. & Cutler, B. L. (1995) Witness confidence and witness accuracy: Assessing their forensic relation. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 1:817-45.
314. Peters, H. J. & Williams, J. M. (2006) Moving cultural background to the foreground: An investigation of self-talk, performance, and persistence following feedback. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 18:240-53. (Pubitemid 44385150)
315. Petty, R. E. & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986) The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. In: Advances in experimental social psychology, vol. 19, ed. L. Berkowitz, pp. 123-205. Academic Press.
316. Pinker, S. (1997) How the mind works. Norton.
317. Plous, S. (1993) The psychology of judgment and decision making. McGraw-Hill.
318. Premack, D. & Woodruff, G. (1978) Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? Behavioral & Brain Sciences 1:515-26. (Pubitemid 10077282)
319. Preti, A. & Miotto, P. (2006) Mental disorders, evolution and inclusive fitness. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29:419-20. (Pubitemid 44921349)
320. Preti, A., Vellante, M., Baron-Cohen, S., Zucca, G., Petretto, D. R. & Masala, C. (2010) The Empathy Quotient: A cross-cultural comparison of the Italian version. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 2010 August 24:1-21 (DOI: 10.1080/ 13546801003790982).
321. Price, P. C. & Stone, E. R. (2004) Intuitive evaluation of likelihood judgment producers. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 17:39-57.
322. Prinz, W. (2008) Mirrors for embodied communication. In: Embodied communication in humans and machines, ed. I. Wachsmuth, M. Lenzen & G. Knoblich, pp. 111-27. Oxford University Press.
323. Pyszczynski, T. & Greenberg, J. (1987) Toward an integration of cognitive and motivational perspectives on social inference: A biased hypothesis-testing model. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 20:297-340.
324. Quattrone, G. & Tversky, A. (1984) Causal versus diagnostic contingencies: On self-deception and on the voter's illusion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46:237-48.
325. Raghunathan, R. & Trope, Y. (2002) Walking the tightrope between feeling good and being accurate: Mood as a resource in processing persuasive messages. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 83(3):510-25.
326. Ramachandran, V. S. (2009) Self-awareness: The last frontier. Available at: http:// www.edge.org/3rd-culture/rama08/rama08-index.html.
327. Ramanaiah, N. V., Schill, T. & Leung, L. S. (1977) A test of the hypothesis about the two dimensional nature of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Journal of Research in Personality 11:251-59. (Pubitemid 8148199)
328. Reed, M. B. & Aspinwall, L. G. (1998) Self-affirmation reduces biased processing of health-risk information. Motivation and Emotion 22:99-132.
329. Rice, W. R. & Holland, B. (1997) The enemies within: Intragenomic conflict, interlocus contest evolution (ICE), and the intraspecific Red Queen. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 41:1-10. (Pubitemid 27309037)
330. Riskind, J. H., Moore, R. & Bowley, L. (1995) The looming of spiders: The fearful perceptual distortion of movement and menace. Behaviour Research and Therapy 33:171-78.
331. Rizzolatti, G. & Craighero, L. (2004) The mirror-neuron system. Annual Reviews of Neuroscience 27:169-92. (Pubitemid 39050401)
332. Robins, R. W. & Beer, J. S. (2001) Positive illusions about the self: Short-term benefits and long-term costs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 80:340-52. (Pubitemid 33613191)
333. Rogers, R. (1988) Clinical assessment of malingering and deception. Guilford Press.
334. Rorty, A. O. (1985) Self-deception, akrasia and irrationality. In: The multiple self, ed. J. Elster, pp. 115-32. Cambridge University Press.
335. Rosenhan, D. L. & Messick, S. (1966) Affect and expectation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 3:38-44.
336. Rosenkranz, M. A., Jackson, D. C., Dalton, K. M., Dolski, I., Ryff, C. D., Singer, B. H., Muller, D., Kalin, N. H. & Davidson, R. J. (2003) Affective style and in vivo response: Neurobehavioral mechanisms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 100:11148-52. (Pubitemid 37140167)
337. Ross, M., Heine, S. J., Wilson, A. E. & Sugimori, S. (2005) Cross-cultural discrepancies in self-appraisals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 31:1175-88. (Pubitemid 41251300)
338. Rumelhart, D. E. (1984) Schemata and the cognitive system. In: Handbook of social cognition, vol. 1, ed. R. S. Wyer & T. K. Srull, pp. 161-88. Erlbaum.
339. Russell, B. (2009) Unpopular Essays. Routledge.
340. Sackeim, H. A. & Gur, R. C. (1979) Self-deception, other deception, and self-reported psychopathology. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 47:213-15. (Pubitemid 9129239)
341. Salmon, C. A. (2007) Parent-offspring conflict. In: Family relations-An evolutionary perspective, ed. C. A. Salmon & T. K. Shackelford, pp. 145-61. Oxford University Press.
342. Saucier, D. A., Miller, C. T. & Doucet, N. (2005) Differences in helping whites and blacks: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review 9:2-16. (Pubitemid 40447982)
343. Schmader, T. & Johns, M. (2003) Converging evidence that stereotype threat reduces working memory capacity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 85:440-52. (Pubitemid 37170557)
344. Schmitt, D. P. & Buss, D. M. (1996) Mate attraction and competitor derogation: Context effects on perceived effectiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70:1185-204.
345. Schmitt, D. P. & Buss, D. M. (2001) Human mate poaching: Tactics and temptations for infiltrating existing relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 80:894-917. (Pubitemid 33594900)
346. Schwarz, N. & Skurnik, I. (2003) Feeling and thinking: Implications for problem solving. In: The nature of problem solving, ed. J. Davidson & R. J. Sternberg, pp. 263-92. Cambridge University Press.
347. Schweitzer, M. E., Hershey, J. & Bradlow, E. (2006) Promises and lies: Restoring violated trust. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 101:1-19. (Pubitemid 44458166)
348. Seamon, J. G., Williams, P. C., Crowley, M. J., Kim, I. J., Langer, S. A., Orne, P. J. & Wishengrad, D. L. (1995) The mere exposure effect is based on implicit memory: Effects of stimulus type, encoding conditions, and number of exposures on recognition and affect judgments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 21:711-21.
349. Searcy, W. A. & Nowicki, S. (2005) The evolution of animal communication: Reliability and deception in signaling systems. Princeton University Press.
350. Sedikides, C. & Alicke, M. D. (in press) Self-enhancement and self-protection motives. In: Oxford handbook of motivation, ed. R. Ryan. Oxford University Press.
351. Sedikides, C., Gaertner, L. & Toguchi, Y. (2003) Pancultural self-enhancement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84:60-70.
352. Sedikides, C., Gaertner, L. & Vevea, J. L. (2005) Pancultural self-enhancement reloaded: A meta-analytic reply to Heine (2005). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 89:539-51. (Pubitemid 41677536)
353. Sedikides, C., Gaertner, L. & Vevea, J. L. (2007) Inclusion of theory-relevant moderators yield the same conclusions as Sedikides, Gaertner, and Vevea (2005): A meta-analytical reply to Heine, Kitayama, and Hamamura (2007). Asian Journal of Social Psychology 10:59-67.
354. Sedikides, C. & Gregg, A. P. (2008) Self-enhancement: Food for thought. Perspectives on Psychological Science 3:102-16.
355. Segerstrom, S. C. (2007) Optimism and resources: Effects on each other and on health over 10 years. Journal of Research in Personality 41:772-86.
356. Segerstrom, S. C. & Sephton, S. E. (2010) Optimistic expectancies and cell-mediated immunity: The role of positive affect. Psychological Science 21:448-55.
357. Shamir, B., House, R. J. & Arthur, M. B. (1993) The motivational effects of charismatic leadership: A self-concept based concept. Organizational Science 4:577-94.
358. Shank, R. & Abelson, R. (1977) Scripts, plans, goals and understanding. Erlbaum.
359. Shapiro, D. (1996) On the psychology of self-deception-truth-telling, lying and self-deception. Social Research 63:785-800.
360. Sherman, D. K. & Cohen, G. L. (2006) The psychology of self-defense: Self-affirmation theory. In: Advances in experimental social psychology, vol. 38, ed. M. P. Zanna, pp. 183-242. Elsevier Academic Press. (Pubitemid 44294563)
361. Sherman, D. K., Cohen, G. L., Nelson, L. D., Nussbaum, A. D., Bunyan, D. P. & Garcia, J. (2009) Affirmed yet unaware: Exploring the role of awareness in the process of self-affirmation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 97:745-64.
362. Sloman, S. A. (1996) The empirical case for two systems of reasoning. Psychological Bulletin 119(1):3-22. (Pubitemid 126021382)
363. Slovenko, R. (1999) Testifying with confidence. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law 27:127-31. (Pubitemid 29174078)
364. Slusher, M. P. & Anderson, C. A. (1987) When reality monitoring fails: The role of imagination in stereotype maintenance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52:653-62.
365. Smith, A. (1759/1982) The theory of moral sentiments, ed. D. D. Raphael & A. L. Macfie. Liberty Fund. (Original work published in 1759.)
366. Snyder, M. L., Kleck, R. E., Strenta, A. & Mentzer, S. J. (1979) Avoidance of the handicapped: An attributional ambiguity analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37:2297-306.
367. Solberg Nes, L. S. & Segerstrom, S. C. (2006) Dispositional optimism and coping: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review 10:235-51. (Pubitemid 44350197)
368. Son Hing, L. S., Chung-Yan, G. A., Hamilton, L. K. & Zanna, M. P. (2008) A two-dimensional model that employs explicit and implicit attitudes to characterize prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 94:971-87.
369. Spalding, L. R. & Hardin, C. D. (1999) Unconscious unease and self-handicapping: Behavioral consequences of individual differences in implicit and explicit self-esteem. Psychological Science 10:535-39.
370. Spencer, S. J., Fein, S., Wolfe, C. T., Fong, C. & Dunn, M. A. (1998) Automatic activation of stereotypes: The role of self-image threat. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 24:1139-52.
371. Sperber, D., Clément, F., Heintz, C., Mascaro, O., Mercier, H., Origgi, G. & Wilson, D. (2010) Epistemic vigilance. Mind & Language 25(4):359-93.
372. Sroufe, L. A. (1989) Relationships, self, and individual adaptation. In: Relationship disturbances in early childhood: A developmental approach, ed. A. J. Sameroff & R. N. Emde, pp. 70-94. Basic.
373. Stanovich, K. E. (1999) Who is rational?: Studies of individual differences in reasoning. Erlbaum.
374. Stanovich, K. E. (2004) The robot's rebellion: Finding meaning in the age of Darwin. University of Chicago Press.
375. Steele, C. M. (1988) The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. In: Advances in experimental social psychology, vol. 21, ed. L. Ber-kowitz, pp. 261-302. Academic Press.
376. Steele, C. M. & Liu, T. J. (1983) Dissonance processes as self-affirmation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 45:5-19.
377. Steinel, W. & De Dreu, C. K. W. (2004) Social motives and strategic misrepresentation in social decision making. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology 86:419-34. (Pubitemid 38397476)
378. Sternberg, R. J. & Kolligan, J., eds. (1990) Competence considered. Yale University Press.
379. Stevens, J. R. & Hauser, M. D. (2004) Why be nice? Psychological constraints on the evolution of cooperation. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 8:60-65. (Pubitemid 38169476)
380. Stich, S. (1983) From folk psychology to cognitive science: The case against belief. Bradford.
381. Stich, S. (1990) The fragmentation of reason. MIT Press.
382. Stiff, J. B., Kim, H. J. & Ramesh, C. N. (1992) Truth biases and aroused suspicion in relational deception. Communication Research 19:326-45.
383. Stouten, J., De Cremer, D. & van Dijk, E. (2006) Violating equality in social dilemmas: Emotional and retributive reactions as a function of trust, attribution, and honesty. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 32:894-906. (Pubitemid 43839337)
384. Su, J. C. & Oishi, S. (2010) Culture and self-enhancement. A social relation analysis. Unpublished manuscript.
385. Suddendorf, T., Addis, D. R. & Corballis, M. C. (2009) Mental time travel and the shaping of the human mind. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 364(1521):1317-24.
386. Suddendorf, T. & Corballis, M. C. (1997) Mental time travel and the evolution of the human mind. Genetic Social and General Psychology Monographs 123:133-67. (Pubitemid 127529086)
387. Suddendorf, T. & Corballis, M. C. (2007) The evolution of foresight: What is mental time travel, and is it unique to humans? Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30(3):299-351.
388. Sugiyama, L. S., Tooby, J., Cosmides, L. (2002) Cross-cultural evidence of cognitive adaptations for social exchange among the Shiwiar of Ecuadorian Amazonia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99:11537-45. Available at: http://www.uoregon.edu/~sugiyama/docs/cogadaptsocex.pdf.
389. Suh, E., Diener, E., Oishi, S. & Triandis, H. C. (1998) The shifting basis of life satisfaction judgments across cultures: Emotions versus norms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74:482-93.
390. Sundie, J. M., Kenrick, D. T., Griskevicius, V., Tybur, J., Vohs, K. & Beal, D. J. (in press) Peacocks, Porsches, and Thorsten Veblen: Conspicuous consumption as a sexual signaling system. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
391. Surbey, M. K. (2004) Self-deception: Helping and hindering personal and public decision making. In: Evolutionary psychology, public policy, and personal decisions, ed. C. B. Crawford & C. A. Salmon, pp. 117-44. Erlbaum.
392. Swann, W. B., Jr. (1983) Self-verification: Bringing social reality into
393. Swann, W. B., Jr. (1987) Identity negotiation: Where two roads meet. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 53:1038-51.
394. Swann, W. B., Jr. (in press) Self-verification theory. In: Handbook of theories of social psychology, ed. P. Van Lang, A. Kruglanski & E. T. Higgins. Sage.
395. Swann, W. B., Jr. & Bosson, J. (2008) Identity negotiation: A theory of self and social interaction. In: Handbook of personality psychology: Theory and research, ed. O. John, R. Robins & L. Pervin, pp. 448-71. Guilford Press.
396. Swann, W. B., Jr., Chang-Schneider, C. & McClarty, K. (2007) Do our self-views matter? Self-concept and self-esteem in everyday life. American Psychologist 62:84-94.
397. Taylor, S. E. (1989) Positive illusions: Creative self-deception and the healthy mind. Basic Books.
398. Taylor, S. E. (1989/1995) Mit Zuversicht: Warum positive Illusionen für uns so wichtig sind. Rowohlt. (Original work published in 1989.)
399. Taylor, S. E. & Armor, D. A. (1996) Positive illusions and coping with adversity. Journal of Personality 64:873-98.
400. Taylor, S. E. & Brown, J. D. (1988) Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin 103:193-210.
401. Taylor, S. E. & Brown, J. D. (1994) Positive illusions and well being revisited: Separating fact from fiction. Psychological Bulletin 116:21-27. (Pubitemid 24976759)
402. Thornhill, R. & Gangestad, S. W. (2009) The evolutionary biology of human female sexuality. Oxford University Press.
403. Tice, D. M., Butler, J. L., Muraven, M. B. & Stillwell, A. M. (1995) When modesty prevails: Differential favorability of self-presentation to friends and strangers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69:1120-38. (Pubitemid 126004981)
404. Tomaka, J., Blascovich, J. & Kelsey, R. M. (1992) Effects of self-deception, social desirability, and repressive coping on psychophysiological reactivity to stress. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 18:616-24.
405. Tooby, J. & Cosmides, L. (1992) The psychological foundations of culture. In: The adapted mind: Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture, ed. J. H. Barkow, L. Cosmides & J. Tooby, pp. 19-136. Oxford University Press.
406. Trivers, R. (1974) Parent-offspring conflict. American Zoologist 14: 49-64.
407. Trivers, R. (1976/2006) Foreword. In: The selfish gene, R. Dawkins, pp. 19-20. Oxford University Press. (Original work published in 1976.)
408. Trivers, R. (1985) Deceit and self-deception. In: Social evolution, pp. 395-420. Benjamin/Cummings.
409. Trivers, R. (1991) Deceit and self-deception: The relationship between communication and consciousness. In: Man and beast revisited, ed. M. Robinson & T. L. Tiger, pp. 175-91. Smithsonian Press.
410. Trivers, R. (2000) The elements of a scientific theory of self-deception. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 907:114-31. (Pubitemid 30251611)
411. Trivers, R. (2009) Deceit and self-deception. In: Mind the gap, ed. P. Kappeler & J. Silk, pp. 373-93. Springer-Verlag.
412. Troisi, A. & McGuire, M. T. (1990) Deception in somatizing disorders. In: Psychiatry: A world perspective, vol. 3, ed. C. N. Stefanis, pp. 973-78. Elsevier.
413. Trope, Y. & Neter, E. (1994) Reconciling competing motives in self-evaluation: The role of self-control in feedback seeking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 66:646-57.
414. Valdesolo, P. & DeSteno, D. A. (2007) Moral hypocrisy: Social groups and the flexibility of virtue. Psychological Science 18:689-90.
415. Valdesolo, P. & DeSteno, D. A. (2008) The duality of virtue: Deconstructing the moral hypocrite. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 44:1334-38.
416. Veltkamp, M., Aarts, H. & Custers, R. (2008) Perception in the service of goal pursuit: Motivation to attain goals enhances the perceived size of goal-instrumental objects. Social Cognition 26:720-36.
417. Vohs, K. D. & Heatherton, T. F. (2001) Self-esteem and threats to self: Implications for self-construals and interpersonal perceptions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81:1103-18. (Pubitemid 33594533)
418. Vohs, K. D. & Schooler, J. W. (2007) The value of believing in free will: Encouraging a belief in determinism increases cheating. Psychological Science 19:49-54.
419. Voland, E. (2007) We recognize ourselves as being similar to others: Implications of the "social brain hypothesis" for the biological evolution of the intuition of freedom. Evolutionary Psychology 5:442-52.
420. von Hippel, W. & Gonsalkorale, K. (2005) "That is bloody revolting!" Inhibitory control of thoughts better left unsaid. Psychological Science 16:497-500. (Pubitemid 41186738)
421. von Hippel, W., Lakin, J. L. & Shakarchi, R. J. (2005) Individual differences in motivated social cognition: The case of self-serving information processing. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 31:1347-57. (Pubitemid 41422570)
422. Vrij, A. (2000) Detecting lies and deceit. Wiley.
423. Vrij, A. (2004) Why professionals fail to catch liars and how they can improve. Legal Criminology Psychology 9:159-81. (Pubitemid 39208123)
424. Vrij, A. (2008) Detecting lies and deceit: Pitfalls and opportunities, 2nd ed. Wiley.
425. Vrij, A., Fisher, R., Mann, S. & Leal, S. (2006) Detecting deception by manipulating cognitive load. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10:141-42.
426. Vrij, A., Granhag, P. A., Mann, S. & Leal, S. (in press) Outsmarting the liars: Towards a cognitive lie detection approach. Current Directions in Psychological Science.
427. Vrij, A. & Mann, S. (2005) Police use of nonverbal behavior as indicators of deception. In: Applications of nonverbal communication, ed. R. E. Riggio & R. S. Feldman, pp. 63-94. Erlbaum.
428. Vrij, A., Mann, S., Fisher, R., Leal, S., Milne, B. & Bull, R. (2008) Increasing cognitive load to facilitate lie detection: The benefit of recalling an event in reverse order. Law and Human Behavior 32: 253-65. (Pubitemid 351692049)
429. Vrij, A., Mann, S., Leal, S. & Fisher, R. (2010) "Look Into My Eyes": Can an instruction to maintain eye contact facilitate lie detection? Psychology, Crime, & Law 16:327-48.
430. Weary, G., Tobin, S. J. & Edwards, J. E. (2010) The causal uncertainty model revisited. In: Handbook of the uncertain self, ed. R. M. Arkin, K. C. Oleson & P. J. Carroll, pp. 78-100. Psychology Press.
431. Wegner, D. M. (2005) Who is the controller of controlled processes? In: The new unconscious, ed. R. Hassin, J. S. Uleman & J. A. Bargh, pp. 19-36. Oxford University Press.
432. Weinstein, N. D. (1980) Unrealistic optimism about future life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39:806-20.
433. Westbrook, R. A. (1980) Consumer satisfaction as a function of personal competence/efficacy. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 8:427-37.
434. Westen, D., Blagov, P. S., Harenski, K., Kilts, C. & Hamann, S. (2006) Neural bases of motivated reasoning: An fMRI study of emotional constraints on partisan political judgment in the 2004 U.S. presidential election. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18:1947-58. (Pubitemid 44674292)
435. Whiten, A. & Byrne, R. W. (1988) Tactical deception in primates. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11:233-73.
436. Whitson, J. A. & Galinsky, A. D. (2008) Lacking control increases illusory pattern perception. Science 322:115.
437. Williams, L. E. & Bargh, J. A. (2008) Experiencing physical warmth promotes interpersonal warmth. Science 322:606-607.
438. Wills, T. A. (1981) Downward comparison principles in social psychology. Psychological Bulletin 90:245-71.
439. Wilson, T. D. & Gilbert, D. (2003) Affective forecasting. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 35:345-411. (Pubitemid 137639209)
440. Wilson, T. D., Lindsey, S. & Schooler, T. (2000) A model of dual attitudes. Psychological Review 107:101-26.
441. Wilson, T. D., Wheatley, T. P., Kurtz, J. L., Dunn, E. W. & Gilbert, D. T. (2004) When to fire: Anticipatory versus post-event reconstrual of uncontrollable events. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 30:340-51. (Pubitemid 38213829)
442. World Health Organization (2009) WHO Statistical Information System (WHOSIS). Available at: http://www.who.int/whosis.
443. Wrangham, R. (1999) Is military incompetence adaptive? Evolution and Human Behavior 20:3-17. (Pubitemid 129311148)
444. Zahavi, A. & Zahavi, A. (1997) The handicap principle: A missing piece of Darwin's puzzle. Oxford University Press.
445. Zaragoza, M. S. & Mitchell, J. (1996) Repeated exposure to suggestion and the creation of false memories. Psychological Science 7:294-300.
446. Zaragoza, M. S., Payment, K. E., Ackil, J. K., Drivdahl, S. B. & Beck, M. (2001) Interviewing witnesses: Forced confabulation and confirmatory feedback increase false memories. Psychological Science 12:473-77. (Pubitemid 33653564)
447. Zarnoth, P. & Sniezek, J. A. (1997) The social influence of confidence in group decision making. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 33:345-66.
448. Zhong, C. B. & Leonardelli, G. J. (2008) Cold and lonely: Does social exclusion literally feel cold? Psychological Science 19:838-42.
449. Zuckerman, M., Koestner, R. & Alton, A. O. (1984) Learning to detect deception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46:519-28.