The truth about lying: Inhibition of the anterior prefrontal cortex improves deceptive behavior

Cerebral Cortex

Volumn 20, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 205-213

  Karim, Ahmed A ^a,b   Schneider, Markus ^a,b   Lotze, Martin ^a,c   Veit, Ralf ^a   Sauseng, Paul ^a,d   Braun, Christoph ^a   Birbaumer, Niels ^a,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF GREIFSWALD   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SALZBURG   (Austria)

^e SAN CAMILLO FORLANINI HOSPITAL   (Italy)

Author keywords

Frontal cortex; Lie detection; Moral cognition; Neuroethics; Skin conductance response (SCR); Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; BRAIN FUNCTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIRECT CURRENT; ELECTRODERMAL RESPONSE; EXCITABILITY; FEMALE; GUILT; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROVOCATION TEST; RECUMBENCY; ROLE PLAYING; SKILL;

ADULT; CONSCIENCE; DECEPTION; ELECTRIC STIMULATION; FEMALE; GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSE; GUILT; HUMANS; LIE DETECTION; MALE; NEURAL INHIBITION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; ROLE PLAYING; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 72049083261     PISSN: 10473211     EISSN: 14602199     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhp090     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Abe N, Suzuki M, Mori E, Itoh M, Fujii T. 2007. Deceiving others: distinct neural responses of the prefrontal cortex and amygdala in simple fabrication and deception with social interactions. J Cogn Neurosci. 19:287-295.
2. Abe N, Suzuki M, Tsukiura T, Mori E, Yamaguchi K, Itoh M, Fujii T. 2006. Dissociable roles of prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices in deception. Cereb Cortex. 16:192-199.
3. Amedi A, Floel A, Knecht S, EZ, Cohen LG. 2004. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the occipital pole interferes with verbal processing in blind subjects. Nat Neurosci. 7:1266-1270.
4. Amodio DA, Frith CD. 2006. Meeting of minds: the medial frontal cortex and social cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci. 7:268-277.
5. Anderson SW, Bechara A, Damasio H, Tranel D, Damasio AR. 1999. Impairment of social and moral behaviour related to early damage in human prefrontal cortex. Nat Neurosci. 2:1032-1037.
6. Antal A, Kincses TZ, Nitsche MA, Bartfai O, Paulus W. 2004. Excitability changes induced in the human primary visual cortex by transcranial direct current stimulation: direct electrophysiological evidence. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 45:702-707. (Pubitemid 38140533)
7. Antal A, Nitsche MA, Paulus W. 2001. External modulation of visual perception in humans. NeuroReport. 12:3553-3555.
8. Ben-Shakar G, Elaad E. 2003. The validity of psychophysiological detection of information with the guilty knowledge test: a meta-analytic review. J Appl Psychol. 88:131-151.
9. Bindmann LJ, Lippold OC, Redfearn JW. 1964. The action of brief polarizing currents on the cerebral cortex of the rat (1) during current flow and (2) in the production of long-lasting after effects. J Physiol. 172:369-382.
10. Birbaumer N, Veit R, Lotze M, Erb M, Hermann C, Grodd W, Flor H. 2005. Deficient fear conditioning in psychopathy: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 62:799-805.
11. Blair RJR. 2007. The amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in morality and psychopathy. Trends Cogn Sci. 11:387-392.
12. Blair RJR, Jones L, Clark F, Smith M. 1997. The psychopathic individual: a lack of responsiveness to distress cues? Psychophysiology. 34:192-198.
13. Creutzfeldt OD, Fromm GH, Kapp H. 1962. Influence of transcortical d-c currents on cortical neuronal activity. Exp Neurol. 5:436-452.
14. Davatzikos C, Ruparel K, Fan Y, Shen DG, Acharyya M, Loughead JW, Gur RC, Langleben DD. 2005. Classifying spatial patterns of brain activity with machine learning methods: application to lie detection. NeuroImage. 28:663-668.
15. Decety J, Sommerville JA. 2003. Shared representations between self and other: a social cognitive neuroscience view. Trends Cogn Sci. 7:527-533. (Pubitemid 37476246)
16. Dieckhofer A, Waberski TD, Nitsche M, Paulus W, Buchner H, Gobbele R. 2006. Transcranial direct current stimulation applied over the somatosensory cortex-differential effect on low and high frequency SEPs. Clin Neurophysiol. 117:2221-2227.
17. Farah MJ. 2002. Emerging ethical issues in neuroscience. Nat Neurosci. 5:1123-1129.
18. Fecteau S, Knoch D, Fregni F, Sultani N, Boggio P, Pascual-Leone A. 2007. Diminishing risk-taking behavior by modulating activity in the prefrontal cortex: a direct current stimulation study. J Neurosci. 27:6212-6218.
19. Gandiga PC, Hummel FC, Cohen LG. 2006. Transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS): a tool for double-blind sham-controlled clinical studies in brain stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol. 117:845-850.
20. Ganis G, Kosslyn SM, Stose S, Thompson WL, Yurgelun-Todd DA. 2003. Neural correlates of different types of deception: an fMRI investigation. Cereb Cortex. 13:830-836.
21. Gartside IB. 1968. Mechanisms of sustained increases of firing rate of neurones in the rat cerebral cortex after polarization: role of protein synthesis. Nature. 220:383-384.
22. Greene JD, Sommerville RB, Nystrom LE, Darley JM, Cohen JD. 2001. An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment. Science. 293:2105-2108.
23. Hare RD, Frazelle J, Cos DN. 1978. Psychopathy and physiological responses to threat of an aversive stimulus. Psychophysiology. 15:165-172.
24. Heatherton T, Wyland CL, Macrae CN, Demos KE, Denny BT, Kelley WM. 2006. Medial prefrontal activity differentiates self from close others. SCAN. 1:18-25.
25. Herwig U, Satrapi P, Schoenfeldt-Lecuona C. 2003. Using the 10-20 EEG system for positioning of transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain Topogr. 16:95-99. (Pubitemid 38045059)
26. Hilgetag CC, Theoret H, Pascual-Leone A. 2001. Enhanced visual spatial attention ipsilateral to rTMS-induced 'virtual lesions' of human parietal cortex. Nat Neurosci. 4:953-957.
27. Hummel F, Celnik P, Giraux P, Floel A, Wu WH, Gerloff C, Cohen LG. 2005. Effects of non-invasive cortical stimulation on skilled motor function in chronic stroke. Brain. 128:490-499. (Pubitemid 40380185)
28. Karim AA, Kammer T, Lotze M, Hinterberger T, Godde B, Cohen L, Birbaumer N. 2003. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on slow cortical potentials (SCP). Suppl Clin Neurophysiol. 56:331-337.
29. Karim AA, Lotze M, Schneider M, Weber C, Braun C, Birbaumer N. 2006. Inhibition of the anterior prefrontal cortex improves deceptive behavior. Psychophysiology. 43:S50.
30. Karim AA, Schneider M, Krippl M, Birbaumer N. 2009. Neurobiology of deception. In: Muller JL, editor. Neurobiology of forensic disorders. Stuttgart: Hogrefe. Forthcoming.
31. Karim AA, Schuler A, Hegner YL, Friedel E, Godde B. 2006. Facilitating effect of 15-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on tactile perceptual learning. J Cogn Neurosci. 18:1577-1585.
32. Knoch D, Nitsche MA, Fischbacher U, Eisenegger C, Pascual-Leone A, Fehr E. 2008. Studying the neurobiology of social interaction with transcranial direct current stimulation-the example of punishing unfairness. Cereb Cortex. 18:1987-1990.
33. Knoch D, Pascual-Leone A, Meyer K, Treyer V, Fehr E. 2006. Diminishing reciprocal fairness by disrupting the right prefrontal cortex. Science. 314:829-832.
34. Kobayashi M, Hutchinson S, Theoret H, Schlaug G, Pascual-Leone A. 2004. Repetitive TMS of the motor cortex improves ipsilateral sequential simple finger movements. Neurology. 62:91-98.
35. Koenigs M, Young L, Adolphs R, Tranel D, Cushman F, Hauser M, Damasio A. 2007. Damage to the prefrontal cortex increases utilitarian moral judgements. Nature. 446:908-911.
36. Lang N, Siebner HR, Ward NS, Lee L, Nitsche MA, Paulus W, Rothwell JC, Lemon RN, Frackowiak RS. 2005. How does transcranial DC stimulation of the primary motor cortex alter regional neuronal activity in the human brain? Eur J Neurosci. 22:495-504.
37. Lee TMC, Liu H-L, Tan L-H, Chan CCH, Mahankali S, Feng C-M, Hou J, Fox PT, Gao J-H. 2002. Lie detection by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Hum Brain Mapp. 15:157-164.
38. Liebetanz D, Nitsche MA, Tergau F, Paulus W. 2002. Pharmacological approach to the mechanisms of transcranial DC-stimulation-induced after-effects of human motor cortex excitability. Brain. 125: 2238-2247.
39. Lotze M, Veit R, Anders S, Birbaumer N. 2007. Evidence for a different role of the ventral and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex for social reactive aggression: an interactive fMRI study. Neuroimage. 34:470-478.
40. Lykken DT. 1959. The GSR in the detection of guilt. J Appl Psychol. 43:385-388.
41. Lykken DT. 1960. The validity of the guilty knowledge technique: the effects of faking. J Appl Psychol. 44:258-262.
42. MacLeod CM. 1991. Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: an integrative review. Psychol Bull. 109:163-203.
43. Miranda PD, Lomarev M, Hallett M. 2006. Modeling the current distribution during transcranial direct current stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol. 117:1623-1629.
44. Moll J, de Oliveira-Souza R, Eslinger PJ, Bramati IE, Mourao-Miranda J, Andreiuolo PA, Pessoa L. 2002. The neural correlates of moral sensitivity: a functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of basic and moral emotions. J Neurosci. 22:2730-2736.
45. Moll J, Zahn R, de Oliveira-Souza R, Krueger F, Grafman J. 2005. The neural basis of human moral cognition. Nat Neurosci. 6:799-809.
46. Nitsche MA, Doemkes T, Karakose A, Antal A, Liebetanz D, Lang N, Tergau F, Paulus W. 2007. Shaping the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation of the human cortex. J Neurophysiol. 97:3109-3117. (Pubitemid 46557737)
47. Nitsche MA, Nitsche MS, Klein CC, Tergau F, Rothwell JC, Paulus W. 2003. Level of action of cathodal DC polarisation induced inhibition of the human motor cortex. Clin Neurophysiol. 114:600-604.
48. Nitsche MA, Paulus W. 2000. Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation. J Physiol. 527:633-639.
49. Nitsche MA, Paulus W. 2001. Sustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans. Neurology. 57:1899-1901.
50. Nitsche MA, Schauenburg A, Lang N, Liebetanz D, Exner C, Paulus W, Tergau F. 2003. Fascilitation of implicit motor learning by weak transcranial direct current stimulation of the primary motor cortex in the human. J Cogn Neurosci. 15:619-626.
51. Okamoto M, Dan H, Sakamoto K, Kazuhiro T, Shimizu K, Kohono S, Oda I, Isobe S, Suzuki T, Kohayama K, et al. 2004. Three-dimensional probabilistic anatomical carnio-cerebral correlation via the international 10-20 system oriented for transcranial functional brain mapping. Neuroimage. 21:99-111.
52. Oldfield RC. 1971. The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh Inventory. Neuropsychologia. 9:97-113.
53. Phan KL, Magalhaes A, Ziemlewicz TJ, Fitzgerald DA, Green C, Smith W. 2005. Neural correlates of telling lies: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study at 4 Tesla. Acad Radiol. 12:164-172.
54. Priori A, Mameli Cogiamanian F, Marceglia S, Tiriticco M, Mrakic-Sposta S, Ferrucci R, Zago S, Polezzi D, Sartori G. 2008. Lie-specific involvement of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in deception. Cereb Cortex. 18:451-455.
55. Purpura DP, McMurtry JG. 1965. Intracellular activities and evoked potential changes during polarization of motor cortex. J Neuro-physiol. 28:166-185.
56. Raine A, Yang Y. 2006. Neural foundations to moral reasoning and antisocial behavior. SCAN. 1:203-213.
57. Rockstroh B, Elbert T, Canavan A, Lutzenberger W, Birbaumer N. 1989. Slow cortical potentials and behaviour. Baltimore (MD): Urban & Schwarzenberg.
58. Rush S, Driscoll DA. 1968. Current distribution in the brain from surface electrodes. Anesth Analg. 47:717-723.
59. Siebner HR, Lang N, Rizzo V, Nitsche MA, Paulus W, Lemon RN, Rothwell JC. 2004. Preconditioning of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with transcranial direct current stimulation: evidence for homeostatic plasticity in the human motor cortex. J Neurosci. 24:3379-3385. (Pubitemid 38451903)
60. Stroop JR. 1935. Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. J Exp Psychol. 18:643-662.
61. Stuss DT, Gallup GG, Jr., Alexander MP. 2001. The frontal lobes are necessary for 'theory of mind'. Brain. 124:279-286.
62. Swick D, Jovanovic J. 2002. Anterior cingulate cortex and the Stroop task: neuropsychological evidence for topographic specificity. Neuropsychologia. 40:1240-1253.
63. Terzuolo CA, Bullock TH. 1956. Measurement of imposed voltage gradient adequate to modulate neuronal firing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 42:687-694.
64. Veit R, Flor H, Erb M, Hermann C, Lotze M, Grodd W, Birbaumer N. 2002. Brain circuits involved in emotional learning in antisocial behavior and social phobia in humans. Neurosci Lett. 328: 233-236.
65. Verschuere B, Crombez G, De Clercq A, Koster EH. 2005. Psychopathic traits and autonomic responding to concealed information in a prison sample. Psychophysiology. 42:239-245.
66. Yang Y, Raine A, Lencz T, Bihrle S, Lacasse L, Colletti P. 2005. Prefrontal white matter in pathological liars. Br J Psychiatry. 187:320-325.