메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 77, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 221-232

Lake Wobegon be gone! The "below-average effect" and the egocentric nature of comparative ability judgments

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COGNITION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DECISION MAKING; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PEER GROUP; PHYSIOLOGY; SELF CONCEPT;

EID: 0033238150     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.77.2.221     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (626)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 0000691387 scopus 로고
    • Global self-evaluation as determined by the desirability and controllability of trait adjectives
    • Alicke, M. D. (1985). Global self-evaluation as determined by the desirability and controllability of trait adjectives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 1621-1630.
    • (1985) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.49 , pp. 1621-1630
    • Alicke, M.D.1
  • 3
    • 58149204793 scopus 로고
    • Traits and social stereotypes: Efficiency differences in social information processes
    • Andersen, S. M., Klatzky, R. L., & Murray, J. (1990). Traits and social stereotypes: Efficiency differences in social information processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 192-201.
    • (1990) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.59 , pp. 192-201
    • Andersen, S.M.1    Klatzky, R.L.2    Murray, J.3
  • 5
    • 0001020397 scopus 로고
    • Evaluations of self and others: Self-enhancement biases in social judgments
    • Brown, J. D. (1986). Evaluations of self and others: Self-enhancement biases in social judgments. Social Cognition, 4, 353-376.
    • (1986) Social Cognition , vol.4 , pp. 353-376
    • Brown, J.D.1
  • 6
    • 0041072015 scopus 로고
    • Evaluating one's abilities: Shortcuts and stumbling blocks on the road to self-knowledge
    • Brown, J. D. (1990). Evaluating one's abilities: Shortcuts and stumbling blocks on the road to self-knowledge. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 26, 149-167.
    • (1990) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 149-167
    • Brown, J.D.1
  • 7
    • 0022671220 scopus 로고
    • Similarity and uniqueness: The effects of attribute type, relevance, and individual differences in self-esteem and depression
    • Campbell, J. D. (1986). Similarity and uniqueness: The effects of attribute type, relevance, and individual differences in self-esteem and depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 281-294.
    • (1986) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.50 , pp. 281-294
    • Campbell, J.D.1
  • 8
    • 0000735126 scopus 로고
    • The imposter phenomenon in high achieving women: Dynamics and therapeutic intervention
    • Glance, P. R., & Imes, S. A. (1978). The imposter phenomenon in high achieving women: Dynamics and therapeutic intervention. Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice, 15, 241-247.
    • (1978) Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice , vol.15 , pp. 241-247
    • Glance, P.R.1    Imes, S.A.2
  • 9
    • 84952490316 scopus 로고
    • The impostor phenomenon: An internal barrier to empowerment and achievement
    • Glance, P. R., & O'Toole, M. A. (1987). The impostor phenomenon: An internal barrier to empowerment and achievement. Women & Therapy, 6, 51-64.
    • (1987) Women & Therapy , vol.6 , pp. 51-64
    • Glance, P.R.1    O'Toole, M.A.2
  • 10
    • 84984458661 scopus 로고
    • On the so-called "superior conformity of the self" behavior: Twenty experimental investigations
    • Codol, J. P. (1975). On the so-called "superior conformity of the self" behavior: Twenty experimental investigations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 5, 457-501.
    • (1975) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.5 , pp. 457-501
    • Codol, J.P.1
  • 11
    • 0040081797 scopus 로고
    • Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service
    • College Board. (1976-1977). Student descriptive questionnaire. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
    • (1976) Student Descriptive Questionnaire
  • 13
    • 0000888467 scopus 로고
    • Ambiguity and self-evaluation: The role of idiosyncratic trait definitions in self-serving assessments of ability
    • Dunning, D., Meyerowitz, J. A., & Holzberg, A. D. (1989). Ambiguity and self-evaluation: The role of idiosyncratic trait definitions in self-serving assessments of ability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1082-1090.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.57 , pp. 1082-1090
    • Dunning, D.1    Meyerowitz, J.A.2    Holzberg, A.D.3
  • 14
    • 84925931650 scopus 로고
    • Ambiguity and bias in the self-concept
    • Felson, R. B. (1981). Ambiguity and bias in the self-concept. Social Psychology Quarterly, 44, 64-69.
    • (1981) Social Psychology Quarterly , vol.44 , pp. 64-69
    • Felson, R.B.1
  • 15
    • 0003086260 scopus 로고
    • Thinking lightly about others: Automatic components of the social inference process
    • J. S. Uleman & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), New York: Guilford Press
    • Gilben, D. T. (1989). Thinking lightly about others: Automatic components of the social inference process. In J. S. Uleman & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), Unintended thought (pp. 189-210). New York: Guilford Press.
    • (1989) Unintended Thought , pp. 189-210
    • Gilben, D.T.1
  • 16
    • 0001670646 scopus 로고
    • How mental systems believe
    • Gilbert, D. T. (1991). How mental systems believe. American Psychologist, 46, 107-119.
    • (1991) American Psychologist , vol.46 , pp. 107-119
    • Gilbert, D.T.1
  • 18
    • 58149205679 scopus 로고
    • The trouble of thinking: Activation and application of Stereotypic beliefs
    • Gilbert, D. T., & Hixon, J. G. (1991). The trouble of thinking: Activation and application of Stereotypic beliefs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 509-517.
    • (1991) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.60 , pp. 509-517
    • Gilbert, D.T.1    Hixon, J.G.2
  • 25
    • 0032134403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The illusion of transparency: Biased assessments of others' ability to read one's emotional states
    • Gilovich, T., Savitsky, K., & Medvec, V. H. (1998). The illusion of transparency: Biased assessments of others' ability to read one's emotional states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 332-346.
    • (1998) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.75 , pp. 332-346
    • Gilovich, T.1    Savitsky, K.2    Medvec, V.H.3
  • 26
    • 44049114641 scopus 로고
    • The weighing of evidence and the determinants of confidence
    • Griffin, D., & Tversky, A. (1992). The weighing of evidence and the determinants of confidence. Cognitive Psychology, 24, 411-435.
    • (1992) Cognitive Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 411-435
    • Griffin, D.1    Tversky, A.2
  • 27
    • 84977281545 scopus 로고
    • The illusion of control and optimism about health: On being less at risk but no more in control than others
    • Harris, P., & Middleton, W. (1994). The illusion of control and optimism about health: On being less at risk but no more in control than others. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 369-386.
    • (1994) British Journal of Social Psychology , vol.33 , pp. 369-386
    • Harris, P.1    Middleton, W.2
  • 28
    • 21844500473 scopus 로고
    • Cultural variation in unrealistic optimism: Does the West feel more invulnerable than the East?
    • Heine, S. J., & Lehman, D. R. (1995). Cultural variation in unrealistic optimism: Does the West feel more invulnerable than the East? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 595-607.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 595-607
    • Heine, S.J.1    Lehman, D.R.2
  • 29
    • 0031156087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cultural construction of self-enhancement: An examination of group-serving biases
    • Heine, S. J., & Lehman, D. R. (1997). The cultural construction of self-enhancement: An examination of group-serving biases. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1268-1283.
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.72 , pp. 1268-1283
    • Heine, S.J.1    Lehman, D.R.2
  • 31
    • 85069559553 scopus 로고
    • Accessibility of social constructs: Information processing consequences of individual and contextual variability
    • N. Cantor & J. T. Kihlstrom (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Higgins, E. T., & King, G. (1981). Accessibility of social constructs: Information processing consequences of individual and contextual variability. In N. Cantor & J. T. Kihlstrom (Eds.), Personality, cognition, and social interaction (pp. 69-121). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1981) Personality, Cognition, and Social Interaction , pp. 69-121
    • Higgins, E.T.1    King, G.2
  • 32
    • 0006062916 scopus 로고
    • Order effects in belief updating: The belief-adjustment model
    • Hogarth, R. M., & Einhorn, H. J. (1992). Order effects in belief updating: The belief-adjustment model. Cognitive Psychology, 24, 1-55.
    • (1992) Cognitive Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 1-55
    • Hogarth, R.M.1    Einhorn, H.J.2
  • 34
    • 84989634859 scopus 로고
    • Self-favoring biases, self-presentation, and the self-other asymmetry in social comparison
    • Hoorens, V. (1995). Self-favoring biases, self-presentation, and the self-other asymmetry in social comparison. Journal of Personality, 63, 793-817.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality , vol.63 , pp. 793-817
    • Hoorens, V.1
  • 38
    • 0003422547 scopus 로고
    • Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall
    • Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    • (1973) Attention and Effort
    • Kahneman, D.1
  • 40
    • 0031278641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No one in my group can be below the group's average: A robust positivity bias in favor of anonymous peers
    • Klar, Y., & Giladi, E. E. (1998). No one in my group can be below the group's average: A robust positivity bias in favor of anonymous peers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 885-901.
    • (1998) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.73 , pp. 885-901
    • Klar, Y.1    Giladi, E.E.2
  • 41
    • 0030210943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonunique invulnerability: Singular versus distributional probabilities and unrealistic optimism in comparative risk judgments
    • Klar, Y., Medding, A., & Sarel, D. (1996). Nonunique invulnerability: Singular versus distributional probabilities and unrealistic optimism in comparative risk judgments. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 67, 229-245.
    • (1996) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , vol.67 , pp. 229-245
    • Klar, Y.1    Medding, A.2    Sarel, D.3
  • 42
    • 0002081253 scopus 로고
    • Category specificity effects in social typing and personalization
    • T. K. Srull & R. S. Wyer (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Klatzky, R. L., & Andersen, S. M. (1988). Category specificity effects in social typing and personalization. In T. K. Srull & R. S. Wyer (Eds.), Advances in social cognition (Vol. 1, pp. 91-101). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1988) Advances in Social Cognition , vol.1 , pp. 91-101
    • Klatzky, R.L.1    Andersen, S.M.2
  • 43
    • 0033254078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments
    • in press.
    • Kruger, J., & Dunning, D. (in press). Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
    • Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
    • Kruger, J.1    Dunning, D.2
  • 45
    • 0025520005 scopus 로고
    • The case for motivated reasoning
    • Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 480-498.
    • (1990) Psychological Bulletin , vol.108 , pp. 480-498
    • Kunda, Z.1
  • 47
    • 84986382857 scopus 로고
    • Swine flu: A field study of self-serving biases
    • Larwood, L. (1978). Swine flu: A field study of self-serving biases. Journal of Applied Psychology, 18, 283-289.
    • (1978) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.18 , pp. 283-289
    • Larwood, L.1
  • 48
    • 0000101820 scopus 로고
    • On the Remote Associates Test (RAT) as an alternative to illusory performance feedback: A methodological note
    • McFarlin, D. B., & Blascovich, J. (1984). On the Remote Associates Test (RAT) as an alternative to illusory performance feedback: A methodological note. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 5, 223-229.
    • (1984) Basic and Applied Social Psychology , vol.5 , pp. 223-229
    • McFarlin, D.B.1    Blascovich, J.2
  • 53
    • 0002014554 scopus 로고
    • On data-limited and resource-limited processes
    • Norman, D. A., & Bobrow, D. G. (1975). On data-limited and resource-limited processes. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 44-64.
    • (1975) Cognitive Psychology , vol.7 , pp. 44-64
    • Norman, D.A.1    Bobrow, D.G.2
  • 54
    • 0028115279 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy and bias in self-perception: Individual differences in self-enhancement and the role of narcissism
    • Oliver, J. P., & Robins, R. W. (1994). Accuracy and bias in self-perception: Individual differences in self-enhancement and the role of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 206-219.
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.66 , pp. 206-219
    • Oliver, J.P.1    Robins, R.W.2
  • 56
    • 0030188402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No reduction in hindsight bias after complete information and repeated testing
    • Pohl, R. F., & Hell, W. (1996). No reduction in hindsight bias after complete information and repeated testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 67, 49-58.
    • (1996) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , vol.67 , pp. 49-58
    • Pohl, R.F.1    Hell, W.2
  • 57
    • 0025484434 scopus 로고
    • Familiarity and differences in self-and other-representations
    • Prentice, D. (1990). Familiarity and differences in self-and other-representations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 369-383.
    • (1990) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.59 , pp. 369-383
    • Prentice, D.1
  • 59
    • 0000156960 scopus 로고
    • Overattribution and unit formation: When behavior engulfs the person
    • Quattrone, G. A. (1982). Overattribution and unit formation: When behavior engulfs the person. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 593-607.
    • (1982) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.42 , pp. 593-607
    • Quattrone, G.A.1
  • 63
    • 49649151167 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of Bayesian and regression approaches to the study of information processing in judgment
    • Slovic, P., & Lichtenstein, S. (1971). Comparison of Bayesian and regression approaches to the study of information processing in judgment. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 6, 649-744.
    • (1971) Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , vol.6 , pp. 649-744
    • Slovic, P.1    Lichtenstein, S.2
  • 65
    • 0001429652 scopus 로고
    • General principles and individual differences in the self as habitual reference point: An examination of the self-other judgments of similarity
    • Srull, T. K., & Gaelick, L. (1983). General principles and individual differences in the self as habitual reference point: An examination of the self-other judgments of similarity. Social Cognition, 2, 108-121.
    • (1983) Social Cognition , vol.2 , pp. 108-121
    • Srull, T.K.1    Gaelick, L.2
  • 66
    • 0000419076 scopus 로고
    • The role of category accessibility in the interpretation of information about persons: Some determinants and implications
    • Srull, T. K., & Wyer, R. S. (1979). The role of category accessibility in the interpretation of information about persons: Some determinants and implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1660-1672.
    • (1979) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 1660-1672
    • Srull, T.K.1    Wyer, R.S.2
  • 67
    • 0023968228 scopus 로고
    • Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health
    • Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1988). Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193-210.
    • (1988) Psychological Bulletin , vol.103 , pp. 193-210
    • Taylor, S.E.1    Brown, J.D.2
  • 69
    • 0041072024 scopus 로고
    • Difficulty and diagnosticity as determinants of choice among tasks
    • Trope, Y., & Brickman, P. (1975). Difficulty and diagnosticity as determinants of choice among tasks. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 918-925.
    • (1975) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.31 , pp. 918-925
    • Trope, Y.1    Brickman, P.2
  • 70
    • 58149411184 scopus 로고
    • Features of similarity
    • Tversky, A. (1977). Features of similarity. Psychological Review, 84, 327-352.
    • (1977) Psychological Review , vol.84 , pp. 327-352
    • Tversky, A.1
  • 71
    • 0016264378 scopus 로고
    • Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases
    • September 27.
    • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974, September 27). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185, 1124-1131.
    • (1974) Science , vol.185 , pp. 1124-1131
    • Tversky, A.1    Kahneman, D.2
  • 72
    • 0028320937 scopus 로고
    • Perceiving AIDS-related risk: Accuracy as a function of differences in actual risk
    • van der Velde, F. W., van der Pligt, J., & Hooykaas, C. (1994). Perceiving AIDS-related risk: Accuracy as a function of differences in actual risk. Health Psychology, 13, 25-33.
    • (1994) Health Psychology , vol.13 , pp. 25-33
    • Van Der Velde, F.W.1    Van Der Pligt, J.2    Hooykaas, C.3
  • 73
    • 21144459640 scopus 로고
    • Self-enhancement among major-league soccer players: The role of importance and ambiguity on social comparison behavior
    • Van Yperen, N. W. (1992). Self-enhancement among major-league soccer players: The role of importance and ambiguity on social comparison behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22, 1186-1198.
    • (1992) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.22 , pp. 1186-1198
    • Van Yperen, N.W.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.