They all look the same to me (unless they're angry): From out-group homogeneity to out-group heterogeneity

Psychological Science

Volumn 17, Issue 10, 2006, Pages 836-840

  Ackerman, Joshua M ^a   Shapiro, Jenessa R ^a   Neuberg, Steven L ^a   Kenrick, Douglas T ^a   Becker, D Vaughn ^a   Griskevicius, Vladas ^a   Maner, Jon K ^b   Schaller, Mark ^c  

^a ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33750805942     PISSN: 09567976     EISSN: 14679280     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01790.x     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Anthony, T., Copper, G., & Mullen, B. (1992). Cross-racial facial identification: A social cognitive integration. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 296-301.
2. Chance, J.E., & Goldstein, A.G. (1996). The other-race effect and eyewitness identification. In S.L Sporer & R.S. Malpass (Eds.), Psychological issues in eyewitness identification (pp. 153-176). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
3. Donaldson, W. (1992). Measuring recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 121, 275-278.
4. Fiske, A.P. (1992). The four elementary forms of sociality: Framework for a unified theory of social relations. Psychological Review, 99, 689-723.
5. Fox, E., Lester, V., Russo, R., Bowles, R.J., Pichler, A., & Dutton, K. (2000). Facial expressions of emotion: Are angry faces detected more efficiently? Cognition and Emotion, 14, 61-92.
6. Haselton, M.G., Nettle, D., & Andrews, P.W. (2005). The evolution of cognitive bias. In D.M. Buss (Ed.), The handbook of evolutionary psychology (pp. 724-746). New York: Wiley.
7. Johnson, K.J., & Fredrickson, B.L. (2005). "We all look the same to me": Positive emotions eliminate the own-race bias in face recognition. Psychological Science, 16, 875-881.
8. Judd, C.M., & Park, B. (1988). Out-group homogeneity: Judgments of variability at the individual and group levels. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 778-788.
9. Kenrick, D.T., Sadalla, E.K., & Keefe, R.C. (1998). Evolutionary cognitive psychology: The missing heart of modern cognitive science. In C. Crawford & D.L. Krebs (Eds.), Handbook of evolutionary psychology: Ideas, issues, and applications (pp. 485-514). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
10. Killeen, P.R. (2005). An alternative to null-hypothesis significance tests. Psychological Science, 16, 345-353.
11. Kurzban, R., Tooby, J., & Cosmides, L. (2001). Can race be erased? Coalitional computation and social categorization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 98, 15387-15392.
12. Loudin, J.L., Loukas, A., & Robinson, S. (2003). Relational aggression in college students: Examining the roles of social anxiety and empathy. Aggressive Behavior, 29, 430-439.
13. Maner, J.K., Kenrick, D.T., Becker, D.V., Delton, A.W., Hofer, B., Wilbur, C.J., & Neuberg, S.L. (2003). Sexually selective cognition: Beauty captures the mind of the beholder. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 1107-1120.
14. Maner, J.K., Kenrick, D.T., Becker, D.V., Robertson, T.E., Hofer, B., Neuberg, S.L., Delton, A.W., Butner, J., & Schaller, M. (2005). Functional projection: How fundamental social motives can bias interpersonal perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 63-78.
15. Meissner, C.A., & Brigham, J.C. (2001). Thirty years of investigating the own-race bias in memory for faces: A meta-analytic review. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 7, 3-35.
16. Neuberg, S.L., Kenrick, D.T., Maner, J.K., & Schaller, M. (2004). From evolved motives to everyday mentation: Evolution, goals, and cognition. In J. Forgas & K. Williams (Eds.), Social motivation: Conscious and unconscious processes (pp. 133-152). New York: Cambridge University Press.
17. Oda, R. (1997). Biased face recognition in the prisoner's dilemma games. Evolution, and Human Behavior, 18, 309-315.
18. Öhman, A., Flykt, A., & Esteves, F. (2001). Emotion drives attention: Detecting the snake in the grass. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 466-478.
19. Ostrom, T.M., & Sedikides, C. (1992). Out-group homogeneity effects in natural and minimal groups. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 536-552.
20. Rodin, M.J. (1987). Who is memorable to whom: A study of cognitive disregard. Social Cognition, 5, 144-165.
21. Schaller, M., Park, J.H., & Faulkner, J. (2003). Prehistoric dangers and contemporary prejudices. European Review of Social Psychology, 14, 105-137.
22. Schaller, M., Park, J.H., & Mueller, A. (2003). Fear of the dark: Interactive effects of beliefs about danger and ambient darkness on ethnic stereotypes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 637-649.
23. Slone, A.E., Brigham, J.C., & Meissner, C.A. (2000). Social and cognitive factors affecting the own-race bias in Caucasians. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 22, 71-84.
24. Smith, E.R., & DeCoster, J. (2000). Dual-process models in social and cognitive psychology: Conceptual integration and links to underlying memory systems. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4, 108-121.
25. Sporer, S.L. (2001). Recognizing faces of other ethnic groups: An integration of theories. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 7, 36-97.
26. Stanislaw, H., & Todorov, N. (1999). Calculation of signal detection theory measures. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 31, 137-149.
27. Stürmer, S., Snyder, M., & Omoto, A.M. (2005). Prosocial emotions and helping: The moderating role of group membership. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 532-546.
28. Todd, P.M., Hertwig, R., & Hoffrage, U. (2005). Evolutionary cognitive psychology. In D.M. Buss (Ed.), The handbook of evolutionary psychology (pp. 776-802). New York: Wiley.
29. von Hippel, W., Sekaquaptewa, D., & Vargas, P. (1995). On the role of encoding processes in stereotype maintenance. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 27, 177-254.
30. Wildschut, T., Pinter, B., Vevea, J.L., Insko, C.A., & Schopler, J. (2003). Beyond the group mind: A quantitative review of the interindividual- inlergroup discontinuity effect. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 689-722.