메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 7, 2010, Pages 1201-1208

Antioxidant approaches for the treatment of Alzheimers disease

Author keywords

Alzheimers disease; antioxidants; oxidative stress; therapeutics

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ANTIOXIDANT; CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR; DIMEBON; DONEPEZIL; GALANTAMINE; GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACT; MEMANTINE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; RIVASTIGMINE; TACRINE;

EID: 77954202499     PISSN: 14737175     EISSN: 17448360     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/ern.10.74     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (94)

References (99)
  • 1
    • 0037042299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer disease
    • Cummings JL, Cole G. Alzheimer disease. JAMA 287, 2335-2338 (2002).
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 2335-2338
    • Cummings, J.L.1    Cole, G.2
  • 3
    • 0036829434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid-b and tau serve antioxidant functions in the aging and Alzheimer brain
    • Smith MA, Casadesus G, Joseph JA et al. Amyloid-b and tau serve antioxidant functions in the aging and Alzheimer brain. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 33, 1194-1199 (2002).
    • (2002) Free Radic. Biol. Med. , vol.33 , pp. 1194-1199
    • Smith, M.A.1    Casadesus, G.2    Joseph, J.A.3
  • 4
    • 17044435830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tau phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease: Pathogen or protector?
    • Lee HG, Perry G, Moreira PI et al. Tau phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease: pathogen or protector? Trends Mol. Med. 11, 164-169 (2005).
    • (2005) Trends Mol Med. , vol.11 , pp. 164-169
    • Lee, H.G.1    Perry, G.2    Moreira, P.I.3
  • 6
    • 0035081475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease results from the cerebral accumulation and cytotoxicity of amyloid b-protein
    • Selkoe DJ. Alzheimer's disease results from the cerebral accumulation and cytotoxicity of amyloid b-protein. J. Alzheimers Dis. 3, 75-80 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Alzheimers Dis. , vol.3 , pp. 75-80
    • Selkoe, D.J.1
  • 7
    • 4143139576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • APOE genotype effects on Alzheimer's disease onset and epidemiology
    • Ashford J W. APOE genotype effects on Alzheimer's disease onset and epidemiology. J. Mol. Neurosci. 23, 157-165 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Mol. Neurosci. , vol.23 , pp. 157-165
    • Ashford, J.W.1
  • 8
    • 4143082424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ApoE-dependent plasticity in Alzheimer's disease
    • Teter B. ApoE-dependent plasticity in Alzheimer's disease. J. Mol. Neurosci. 23, 167-179 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Mol. Neurosci. , vol.23 , pp. 167-179
    • Teter, B.1
  • 9
    • 0031038918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease: Genotypes, phenotypes, and treatments
    • Selkoe DJ. Alzheimer's disease: genotypes, phenotypes, and treatments. Science 275, 630-631 (1997).
    • (1997) Science , vol.275 , pp. 630-631
    • Selkoe, D.J.1
  • 10
    • 33645105621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presenilin clinical mutations can affect g-secretase activity by different mechanisms
    • Bentahir M, Nyabi O, Verhamme J et al. Presenilin clinical mutations can affect g-secretase activity by different mechanisms. J. Neurochem. 96, 732-742 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Neurochem. , vol.96 , pp. 732-742
    • Bentahir, M.1    Nyabi, O.2    Verhamme, J.3
  • 11
    • 0026597063 scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease: The amyloid cascade hypothesis
    • Hardy JA, Higgins GA. Alzheimer's disease: the amyloid cascade hypothesis. Science 256, 184-185 (1992).
    • (1992) Science , vol.256 , pp. 184-185
    • Hardy, J.A.1    Higgins, G.A.2
  • 12
    • 0037135111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: Progress and problems on the road to therapeutics
    • Hardy J, Selkoe DJ. The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: progress and problems on the road to therapeutics. Science 297, 353-356 (2002).
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 353-356
    • Hardy, J.1    Selkoe, D.J.2
  • 13
    • 18744374615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is oxidative damage the fundamental pathogenic mechanism of Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases?
    • Perry G, Nunomura A, Hirai K et al. Is oxidative damage the fundamental pathogenic mechanism of Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases? Free Radic. Biol. Med. 33, 1475-1479 (2002).
    • (2002) Free Radic. Biol. Med. , vol.33 , pp. 1475-1479
    • Perry, G.1    Nunomura, A.2    Hirai, K.3
  • 14
    • 0032229327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species mediate cellular damage in Alzheimer disease
    • Perry G, Castellani RJ, Hirai K et al. Reactive oxygen species mediate cellular damage in Alzheimer disease. J. Alzheimers Dis. 1, 45-55 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Alzheimers Dis. , vol.1 , pp. 45-55
    • Perry, G.1    Castellani, R.J.2    Hirai, K.3
  • 15
    • 77049308856 scopus 로고
    • Aging: A theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry
    • Harman D. Aging: a theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry. J. Gerontol. 11, 298-300 (1956).
    • (1956) J. Gerontol. , vol.11 , pp. 298-300
    • Harman, D.1
  • 16
    • 0017177978 scopus 로고
    • Free radical theory of aging: Inhibition of amyloidosis in mice by antioxidants; Possible mechanism
    • Harman D, Eddy DE, Noffsinger J. Free radical theory of aging: inhibition of amyloidosis in mice by antioxidants; possible mechanism. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 24, 203-210 (1976).
    • (1976) J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. , vol.24 , pp. 203-210
    • Harman, D.1    Eddy, D.E.2    Noffsinger, J.3
  • 18
    • 0033899208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutathione, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration
    • Schulz JB, Lindenau J, Sey fried J et al. Glutathione, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Eur. J. Biochem. 267(16), 4904-4911 (2000).
    • (2000) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.267 , Issue.16 , pp. 4904-4911
    • Schulz, J.B.1    Lindenau, J.2    Sey Fried, J.3
  • 19
    • 0030885482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron accumulation in Alzheimer disease is a source of redox-generated free radicals
    • Smith MA, Harris PL, Sayre LM et al. Iron accumulation in Alzheimer disease is a source of redox-generated free radicals. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 9866-9868 (1997).
    • (1997) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 9866-9868
    • Smith, M.A.1    Harris, P.L.2    Sayre, L.M.3
  • 20
    • 27544484846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are mitochondria critical in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease?
    • Reddy PH, Beal MF. Are mitochondria critical in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease? Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 49, 618-632 (2005).
    • (2005) Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. , vol.49 , pp. 618-632
    • Reddy, P.H.1    Beal, M.F.2
  • 21
    • 3943092621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathways towards and away from Alzheimer's disease
    • Mattson MP. Pathways towards and away from Alzheimer's disease. Nature 430, 631-639 (2004).
    • (2004) Nature , vol.430 , pp. 631-639
    • Mattson, M.P.1
  • 22
    • 33646152108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondria are a direct site of A b accumulation in Alzheimer's disease neurons: Implications for free radical generation and oxidative damage in disease progression
    • Manczak M, Anekonda TS, Henson E et al Mitochondria are a direct site of A b accumulation in Alzheimer's disease neurons: implications for free radical generation and oxidative damage in disease progression. Hum. Mol Genet. 15, 1437-1449 (2006).
    • (2006) Hum. Mol Genet. , vol.15 , pp. 1437-1449
    • Manczak, M.1    Anekonda, T.S.2    Henson, E.3
  • 23
    • 39149122810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid b, mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic damage: Implications for cognitive decline in aging and Alzheimer's disease
    • Reddy PH, Beal MF. Amyloid b, mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic damage: implications for cognitive decline in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Trends Mol. Med. 14, 45-53 (2008).
    • (2008) Trends Mol. Med. , vol.14 , pp. 45-53
    • Reddy, P.H.1    Beal, M.F.2
  • 24
    • 0035341254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease
    • Hirai K, Aliev G, Nunomura A et al Mitochondrial abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci. 21, 3017-3023 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Neurosci. , vol.21 , pp. 3017-3023
    • Hirai, K.1    Aliev, G.2    Nunomura, A.3
  • 25
    • 0037010312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease
    • Castellani R, Hirai K, Aliev G et al. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci. Res. 70, 357-360 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.70 , pp. 357-360
    • Castellani, R.1    Hirai, K.2    Aliev, G.3
  • 26
    • 48749085779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamin-like protein 1 reduction underlies mitochondrial morphology and distribution abnormalities in fbroblasts from sporadic Alzheimer's disease patients
    • Wang X, Su B, Fujioka H et al. Dynamin-like protein 1 reduction underlies mitochondrial morphology and distribution abnormalities in fbroblasts from sporadic Alzheimer's disease patients. Am. J. Pathol. 173, 470-482 (2008).
    • (2008) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.173 , pp. 470-482
    • Wang, X.1    Su, B.2    Fujioka, H.3
  • 27
    • 58049218922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid-b overproduction causes abnormal mitochondrial dynamics via differential modulation of mitochondrial fssion/fusion proteins
    • Wang X, Su B, Siedlak SL et al. Amyloid-b overproduction causes abnormal mitochondrial dynamics via differential modulation of mitochondrial fssion/fusion proteins. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 19318-19323 (2008).
    • (2008) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.105 , pp. 19318-19323
    • Wang, X.1    Su, B.2    Siedlak, S.L.3
  • 28
    • 53549129483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclophilin D defciency attenuates mitochondrial and neuronal perturbation and ameliorates learning and memory in Alzheimer's disease
    • Du H, Guo L, Fang F et al. Cyclophilin D defciency attenuates mitochondrial and neuronal perturbation and ameliorates learning and memory in Alzheimer's disease. Nat. Med. 14, 1097-1105 (2008).
    • (2008) Nat. Med. , vol.14 , pp. 1097-1105
    • Du, H.1    Guo, L.2    Fang, F.3
  • 29
    • 0033569839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased neuronal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and sulfhydryl levels indicate reductive compensation to oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease
    • Russell RL, Siedlak SL, Raina AK et al Increased neuronal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and sulfhydryl levels indicate reductive compensation to oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 370, 236-239 (1999).
    • (1999) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.370 , pp. 236-239
    • Russell, R.L.1    Siedlak, S.L.2    Raina, A.K.3
  • 30
    • 0027332651 scopus 로고
    • Brain a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity in Alzheimer's disease
    • Mastrogiacomo F, Bergeron C, Kish SJ. Brain a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity in Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurochem. 61, 2007-2014 (1993).
    • (1993) J. Neurochem. , vol.61 , pp. 2007-2014
    • Mastrogiacomo, F.1    Bergeron, C.2    Kish, S.J.3
  • 31
    • 34249881080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auto phagocytosis of mitochondria is prominent in Alzheimer disease
    • Moreira PI, Siedlak SL, Wang X et al. Auto phagocytosis of mitochondria is prominent in Alzheimer disease. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 66, 525-532 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.66 , pp. 525-532
    • Moreira, P.I.1    Siedlak, S.L.2    Wang, X.3
  • 32
    • 0028023533 scopus 로고
    • Functional alterations in Alzheimer's disease: Selective loss of mitochondrial-encoded cytochrome oxidase mRNA in the hippocampal formation
    • Simonian NA, Hyman BT. Functional alterations in Alzheimer's disease: selective loss of mitochondrial-encoded cytochrome oxidase mRNA in the hippocampal formation. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 53, 508-512 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.53 , pp. 508-512
    • Simonian, N.A.1    Hyman, B.T.2
  • 33
    • 0025011401 scopus 로고
    • Enzyme activities in relation to pH and lactate in postmortem brain in Alzheimer-type and other dementias
    • Yates CM, Butterworth J, Tennant MC et al. Enzyme activities in relation to pH and lactate in postmortem brain in Alzheimer-type and other dementias. J. Neurochem. 55, 1624-1630 (1990).
    • (1990) J. Neurochem. , vol.55 , pp. 1624-1630
    • Yates, C.M.1    Butterworth, J.2    Tennant, M.C.3
  • 34
    • 0033964859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situoxidative catalysis by neurofbrillary tangles and senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease: A central role for bound transition metals
    • Sayre LM, Perry G, Harris PL et al. In situoxidative catalysis by neurofbrillary tangles and senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease: a central role for bound transition metals. J. Neurochem. 74, 270-279 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Neurochem. , vol.74 , pp. 270-279
    • Sayre, L.M.1    Perry, G.2    Harris, P.L.3
  • 35
    • 0032514165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promotion of transition metal-induced reactive oxygen species formation by b-amyloid
    • Bondy SC, Guo-Ross SX, Truong AT. Promotion of transition metal-induced reactive oxygen species formation by b-amyloid. Brain Res. 799, 91-96 (1998).
    • (1998) Brain Res. , vol.799 , pp. 91-96
    • Bondy, S.C.1    Guo-Ross, S.X.2    Truong, A.T.3
  • 39
    • 33947178563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer disease, the two-hit hypothesis: An update
    • Zhu X, Lee HG, Perry G et al. Alzheimer disease, the two-hit hypothesis: an update. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1772, 494-502 (2007).
    • (2007) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1772 , pp. 494-502
    • Zhu, X.1    Lee, H.G.2    Perry, G.3
  • 40
    • 1642358352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease: The two-hit hypothesis
    • Zhu X, Raina AK, Perry G et al. Alzheimer's disease: the two-hit hypothesis. Lancet Neurol. 3, 219-226 (2004).
    • (2004) Lancet Neurol. , vol.3 , pp. 219-226
    • Zhu, X.1    Raina, A.K.2    Perry, G.3
  • 41
    • 0034797352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JNK/SAPK and p38 in Alzheimer disease: The 'two hit' hypothesis
    • Differential activation of neuronal ERK
    • Zhu X, Castellani RJ, Takeda A et al. Differential activation of neuronal ERK, JNK/SAPK and p38 in Alzheimer disease: the 'two hit' hypothesis. Mech. Ageing Dev. 123, 39-46 (2001).
    • (2001) Mech. Ageing Dev. , vol.123 , pp. 39-46
    • Zhu, X.1    Castellani, R.J.2    Takeda, A.3
  • 42
    • 0030767243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cholinergic system in Alzheimer's disease
    • Kasa P, Rakonczay Z, Gulya K. The cholinergic system in Alzheimer's disease. Prog. Neurobiol. 52, 511-535 (1997).
    • (1997) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.52 , pp. 511-535
    • Kasa, P.1    Rakonczay, Z.2    Gulya, K.3
  • 43
    • 0020657372 scopus 로고
    • Presynaptic cholinergic dysfunction in patients with dementia
    • Sims NR, Bowen DM, Allen SJ et al. Presynaptic cholinergic dysfunction in patients with dementia. J. Neurochem. 40, 503-509 (1983).
    • (1983) J. Neurochem. , vol.40 , pp. 503-509
    • Sims, N.R.1    Bowen, D.M.2    Allen, S.J.3
  • 44
    • 0026440987 scopus 로고
    • Cortical biopsy in Alzheimer's disease: Diagnostic accuracy and neurochemical, neuropathological, and cognitive correlations
    • Intraventricular Bethanecol Study Group
    • DeKosky ST, Harbaugh RE, Schmitt FA et al. Cortical biopsy in Alzheimer's disease: diagnostic accuracy and neurochemical, neuropathological, and cognitive correlations. Intraventricular Bethanecol Study Group. Ann. Neurol. 32, 625-632 (1992).
    • (1992) Ann. Neurol. , vol.32 , pp. 625-632
    • Dekosky, S.T.1    Harbaugh, R.E.2    Schmitt, F.A.3
  • 46
    • 0034535351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinesterase inhibitors stabilize Alzheimer's disease
    • Giacobini E. Cholinesterase inhibitors stabilize Alzheimer's disease. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 920, 321-327 (2000).
    • (2000) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.920 , pp. 321-327
    • Giacobini, E.1
  • 47
    • 0035123732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do cholinesterase inhibitors have disease-modifying effects in Alzheimer's disease?
    • Giacobini E. Do cholinesterase inhibitors have disease-modifying effects in Alzheimer's disease? CNS Drugs 15, 85-91 (2001).
    • (2001) CNS Drugs , vol.15 , pp. 85-91
    • Giacobini, E.1
  • 48
    • 0036050824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term stabilizing effect of cholinesterase inhibitors in the therapy of Alzheimer' disease
    • Giacobini E. Long-term stabilizing effect of cholinesterase inhibitors in the therapy of Alzheimer' disease. J. Neural. Transm. Suppl. 62, 181-187 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Neural. Transm. Suppl. , vol.62 , pp. 181-187
    • Giacobini, E.1
  • 49
    • 0027731677 scopus 로고
    • Patch clamp studies on the kinetics and selectivity of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism by memantine (1-amino-3,5- dimethyladamantan)
    • Parsons CG, Gruner R, Rozental J et al. Patch clamp studies on the kinetics and selectivity of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonism by memantine (1-amino-3,5-dimethyladamantan). Neuropharmacology 32, 1337-1350 (1993).
    • (1993) Neuropharmacology , vol.32 , pp. 1337-1350
    • Parsons, C.G.1    Gruner, R.2    Rozental, J.3
  • 50
    • 0030052030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning defcits induced by chronic intraventricular infusion of quinolinic acid-protection by MK-801 and memantine
    • Misztal M, Frankiewicz T, Parsons CG et al. Learning defcits induced by chronic intraventricular infusion of quinolinic acid-protection by MK-801 and memantine. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 296, 1-8 (1996).
    • (1996) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.296 , pp. 1-8
    • Misztal, M.1    Frankiewicz, T.2    Parsons, C.G.3
  • 51
    • 0029743772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theeffects of mitochondrial failure upon cholinergic toxicity in the nucleus basalis
    • Wenk GL, Danysz W, Roice DD. Theeffects of mitochondrial failure upon cholinergic toxicity in the nucleus basalis. Neuroreport 7, 1453-1456 (1996).
    • (1996) Neuroreport , vol.7 , pp. 1453-1456
    • Wenk, G.L.1    Danysz, W.2    Roice, D.D.3
  • 52
    • 0030042201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Danysz W Infusion of (+)-MK-801 and memantine-contrasting effects on radial maze learning in rats with entorhinal cortex lesion
    • Zajaczkowski W, Quack G, Danysz W Infusion of (+)-MK-801 and memantine-contrasting effects on radial maze learning in rats with entorhinal cortex lesion. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 296, 239-246 (1996).
    • (1996) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.296 , pp. 239-246
    • Zajaczkowski, W.1    Quack, G.2
  • 53
    • 0029899586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered neuronal and microglial responses to excitotoxic and ischemic brain injury in mice lacking TNF receptors
    • Bruce AJ, Boling W, Kindy MS et al. Altered neuronal and microglial responses to excitotoxic and ischemic brain injury in mice lacking TNF receptors. Nat. Med. 2, 788-794 (1996).
    • (1996) Nat. Med. , vol.2 , pp. 788-794
    • Bruce, A.J.1    Boling, W.2    Kindy, M.S.3
  • 54
    • 0034284973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extension of life-span with superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetics
    • Melov S, Ravenscroft J, Malik S et al. Extension of life-span with superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetics. Science 289, 1567-1569 (2000).
    • (2000) Science , vol.289 , pp. 1567-1569
    • Melov, S.1    Ravenscroft, J.2    Malik, S.3
  • 55
    • 0026343873 scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Brain levels of glutathione, glutathione disulfde, and vitamin e
    • Adams JD, Jr., Klaidman LK, Odunze IN et al. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Brain levels of glutathione, glutathione disulfde, and vitamin E. Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. 14, 213-226 (1991).
    • (1991) Mol. Chem. Neuropathol. , vol.14 , pp. 213-226
    • Adams Jr., J.D.1    Klaidman, L.K.2    Odunze, I.N.3
  • 56
    • 0028059308 scopus 로고
    • Oxidative damage in neurodegenerative disease
    • Jenner P. Oxidative damage in neurodegenerative disease. Lancet 344, 796-798 (1994).
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 796-798
    • Jenner, P.1
  • 57
    • 0029125266 scopus 로고
    • Free radical involvement in neuropsychiatric illnesses
    • Lohr JB, Browning JA. Free radical involvement in neuropsychiatric illnesses. Psychopharmacol. Bull. 31, 159-165 (1995).
    • (1995) Psychopharmacol. Bull. , vol.31 , pp. 159-165
    • Lohr, J.B.1    Browning, J.A.2
  • 58
    • 1442314722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early vitamin e supplementation in young but not aged mice reduces Ab levels and amyloid deposition in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease
    • Sung S, Yao Y, Uryu K et al. Early vitamin E supplementation in young but not aged mice reduces Ab levels and amyloid deposition in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J. 18, 323-325 (2004).
    • (2004) FASEB J. , vol.18 , pp. 323-325
    • Sung, S.1    Yao, Y.2    Uryu, K.3
  • 59
    • 0030967165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of selegiline, a-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer's disease cooperative study
    • Sano M, Ernesto C, Thomas RG et al. A controlled trial of selegiline, a-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. N. Engl. J. Med. 336, 1216-1222 (1997).
    • (1997) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.336 , pp. 1216-1222
    • Sano, M.1    Ernesto, C.2    Thomas, R.G.3
  • 60
    • 0037178579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary intake of antioxidant nutrients and the risk of incident Alzheimer disease in a biracial community study
    • Morris MC, Evans DA, Bienias JL et al. Dietary intake of antioxidant nutrients and the risk of incident Alzheimer disease in a biracial community study. JAMA 287, 3230-3237 (2002).
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 3230-3237
    • Morris, M.C.1    Evans, D.A.2    Bienias, J.L.3
  • 61
    • 0037178573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of Alzheimer disease
    • Engelhart MJ, Geerlings MI, Ruitenberg A et al. Dietary intake of antioxidants and risk of Alzheimer disease. JAMA 287, 3223-3229 (2002).
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 3223-3229
    • Engelhart, M.J.1    Geerlings, M.I.2    Ruitenberg, A.3
  • 62
    • 38549169416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant vitamin supplement use and risk of dementia or Alzheimer's disease in older adults
    • Gray SL, Anderson ML, Crane PK et al. Antioxidant vitamin supplement use and risk of dementia or Alzheimer's disease in older adults. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 56(2), 291-295 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. , vol.56 , Issue.2 , pp. 291-295
    • Gray, S.L.1    Anderson, M.L.2    Crane, P.K.3
  • 63
    • 55049112715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin for Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment
    • Isaac MG, Quinn R, Tabet N. Vitamin for Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 16(3), CD002854 (2008).
    • (2008) Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. , vol.16 , Issue.3
    • Isaac, M.G.1    Quinn, R.2    Tabet, N.3
  • 64
    • 20344381835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin e and donepezil for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment
    • Petersen RC, Thomas RG, Grundman M et al. Vitamin E and donepezil for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment. N. Engl. J. Med. 352(23), 2379-2388 (2005).
    • (2005) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.352 , Issue.23 , pp. 2379-2388
    • Petersen, R.C.1    Thomas, R.G.2    Grundman, M.3
  • 65
    • 56649112752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginkgo biloba for prevention of dementia: A randomized controlled trial
    • DeKosky ST, Williamson JD, Fitzpatrick AL et al. Ginkgo biloba for prevention of dementia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 300(19), 2253-2262 (2008).
    • (2008) JAMA , vol.300 , Issue.19 , pp. 2253-2262
    • Dekosky, S.T.1    Williamson, J.D.2    Fitzpatrick, A.L.3
  • 66
    • 33646349444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial oxidative damage in aging and Alzheimer's disease: Implications for mitochondrially targeted antioxidant therapeutics
    • Reddy PH. Mitochondrial oxidative damage in aging and Alzheimer's disease: implications for mitochondrially targeted antioxidant therapeutics. J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 2006(3), 31372 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Biomed. Biotechnol. , vol.2006 , Issue.3 , pp. 31372
    • Reddy, P.H.1
  • 67
    • 29344446328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting antioxidants to mitochondria: A new therapeutic direction
    • Sheu SS, Nauduri D, Anders MW. Targeting antioxidants to mitochondria: a new therapeutic direction. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1762, 256-265 (2006).
    • (2006) Biochim. Biophys. Acta. , vol.1762 , pp. 256-265
    • Sheu, S.S.1    Nauduri, D.2    Anders, M.W.3
  • 68
    • 33847071146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting antioxidants to mitochondria by conjugation to lipophilic cations
    • Murphy MP, Smith RA. Targeting antioxidants to mitochondria by conjugation to lipophilic cations. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 47, 629-656 (2007).
    • (2007) Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.47 , pp. 629-656
    • Murphy, M.P.1    Smith, R.A.2
  • 69
    • 34248159898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial targeting of quinines: Therapeutic implications
    • Cochemé HM, Kelso GF, James AM et al. Mitochondrial targeting of quinines: therapeutic implications. Mitochondrion S94-S102 (2007).
    • (2007) Mitochondrion
    • Cochemé, H.M.1    Kelso, G.F.2    James, A.M.3
  • 70
    • 20444392739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions of mitochondria-targeted and untargeted ubiquinones with the mitochondrial respiratory chain and reactive oxygen species. Implications for the use of exogenous ubiquinones as therapies and experimental tools
    • James AM, Cochemé HM, Smith RA et al. Interactions of mitochondria-targeted and untargeted ubiquinones with the mitochondrial respiratory chain and reactive oxygen species. Implications for the use of exogenous ubiquinones as therapies and experimental tools. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 21295-21312 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.280 , pp. 21295-21312
    • James, A.M.1    Cochemé, H.M.2    Smith, R.A.3
  • 71
    • 0033536644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A nonpeptidyl mimic of superoxide dismutase with therapeutic activity in rats
    • Salvemini D, Wang ZQ, Zweier JL et al. A nonpeptidyl mimic of superoxide dismutase with therapeutic activity in rats. Science 286, 304-306 (1999).
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 304-306
    • Salvemini, D.1    Wang, Z.Q.2    Zweier, J.L.3
  • 72
    • 21244448078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and characterization of a triphenylphosphonium-conjugated peroxidase mimetic: Insights into the interaction of ebselen with mitochondria
    • Filipovska A, Kelso GF, Brown SE et al. Synthesis and characterization of a triphenylphosphonium-conjugated peroxidase mimetic: insights into the interaction of ebselen with mitochondria. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 23113-23126 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.280 , pp. 23113-23126
    • Filipovska, A.1    Kelso, G.F.2    Brown, S.E.3
  • 73
    • 0346814090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superoxide activates uncoupling proteins by generating carbon-centered radicals and initiating lipid peroxidation: Studies using a mitochondria- targeted spin trap derived from a-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone
    • Murphy MP, Echtay KS, Blaikie FH et al. Superoxide activates uncoupling proteins by generating carbon-centered radicals and initiating lipid peroxidation: studies using a mitochondria-targeted spin trap derived from a-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone. J. Biol. Chem. 278(49), 48534-48545 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.278 , Issue.49 , pp. 48534-48545
    • Murphy, M.P.1    Echtay, K.S.2    Blaikie, F.H.3
  • 74
    • 4544370680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell-permeable peptide antioxidants targeted to inner mitochondrial membrane inhibit mitochondrial swelling, oxidative cell death, and reperfusion injury
    • Zhao K, Zhao GM, Wu D et al. Cell-permeable peptide antioxidants targeted to inner mitochondrial membrane inhibit mitochondrial swelling, oxidative cell death, and reperfusion injury. J. Biol. Chem. 279(33), 34682-34690 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.279 , Issue.33 , pp. 34682-34690
    • Zhao, K.1    Zhao, G.M.2    Wu, D.3
  • 75
    • 69449096141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Over expression of SOD-2 reduces hippocampal superoxide and prevents memory defcits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
    • Massaad CA, Washington TM, Pautler RG et al. Over expression of SOD-2 reduces hippocampal superoxide and prevents memory defcits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 13576-13581 (2009).
    • (2009) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.106 , pp. 13576-13581
    • Massaad, C.A.1    Washington, T.M.2    Pautler, R.G.3
  • 76
    • 35348981740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid peroxidation and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal formation by copper ion bound to amyloid-p peptide
    • Hayashi T, Shishido N, Nakayama K et al. Lipid peroxidation and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal formation by copper ion bound to amyloid-p peptide. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 43, 1552-1559 (2007).
    • (2007) Free Radic. Biol. Med. , vol.43 , pp. 1552-1559
    • Hayashi, T.1    Shishido, N.2    Nakayama, K.3
  • 77
    • 35948936850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three histidine residues of amyloid-p peptide control the redox activity of copper and iron
    • Nakamura M, Shishido N, Nunomura A et al. Three histidine residues of amyloid-p peptide control the redox activity of copper and iron. Biochemistry 46, 12737-12743 (2007).
    • (2007) Biochemistry , vol.46 , pp. 12737-12743
    • Nakamura, M.1    Shishido, N.2    Nunomura, A.3
  • 78
    • 0034964390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with a copper-zinc chelator markedly and rapidly inhibits p-amyloid accumulation in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice
    • Cherny RA, Atwood CS, Xilinas ME et al. Treatment with a copper-zinc chelator markedly and rapidly inhibits p-amyloid accumulation in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice. Neuron 30, 665-676 (2001).
    • (2001) Neuron , vol.30 , pp. 665-676
    • Cherny, R.A.1    Atwood, C.S.2    Xilinas, M.E.3
  • 79
    • 0025726462 scopus 로고
    • Intramuscular desferoxamine in patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • Crapper McLachlan DR, Dalton AJ, Kruck TP et al. Intramuscular desferoxamine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 337, 1304-1308 (1991).
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 1304-1308
    • Crapper McLachlan, D.R.1    Dalton, A.J.2    Kruck, T.P.3
  • 80
    • 0027515763 scopus 로고
    • Desferoxamine and Alzheimer's disease: Video home behavior assessment of clinical course and measures of brain aluminum
    • McLachlan DR, Smith WL, Kruck TPA. Desferoxamine and Alzheimer's disease: video home behavior assessment of clinical course and measures of brain aluminum. Ther. Drug Monit. 15, 602-607 (1993).
    • (1993) Ther. Drug Monit. , vol.15 , pp. 602-607
    • McLachlan, D.R.1    Smith, W.L.2    Tpa, K.3
  • 81
    • 33748202940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanoparticle iron chelators: A new therapeutic approach in Alzheimer disease and other neurologic disorders associated with trace metal imbalance
    • Liu G, Men P, Harris PL et al. Nanoparticle iron chelators: a new therapeutic approach in Alzheimer disease and other neurologic disorders associated with trace metal imbalance. Neurosci. Lett. 406, 189-193 (2006).
    • (2006) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.406 , pp. 189-193
    • Liu, G.1    Men, P.2    Harris, P.L.3
  • 82
    • 77449089898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanoparticle and iron chelators as a potential novel Alzheimer therapy
    • Liu G, Men P, Perry G, Smith MA. Nanoparticle and iron chelators as a potential novel Alzheimer therapy. Methods Mol. Biol. 610, 123-144 (2010).
    • (2010) Methods Mol. Biol. , vol.610 , pp. 123-144
    • Liu, G.1    Men, P.2    Perry, G.3    Smith, M.A.4
  • 83
    • 47149108940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Dimebon on cognition, activities of daily living, behaviour, and global function in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Doody RS, Gavrilova SI, Sano M et al. Effect of Dimebon on cognition, activities of daily living, behaviour, and global function in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lancet 372, 207-215 (2008).
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.372 , pp. 207-215
    • Doody, R.S.1    Gavrilova, S.I.2    Sano, M.3
  • 84
    • 3242887701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of action mechanisms of dimebon and memantin on AMPA-and NMDA-subtypes glutamate receptors in rat cerebral neurons
    • Grigorev VV, Dranyi OA, Bachurin SO. Comparative study of action mechanisms of dimebon and memantin on AMPA-and NMDA-subtypes glutamate receptors in rat cerebral neurons. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 136(5), 474-477 (2003).
    • (2003) Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. , vol.136 , Issue.5 , pp. 474-477
    • Grigorev, V.V.1    Dranyi, O.A.2    Bachurin, S.O.3
  • 86
    • 0037713338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondria as a target for neurotoxins and neuroprotective agents
    • Bachurin SO, Shevtsova EP, Kireeva EG et al. Mitochondria as a target for neurotoxins and neuroprotective agents. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 993, 334-344 (2003).
    • (2003) Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , vol.993 , pp. 334-344
    • Bachurin, S.O.1    Shevtsova, E.P.2    Kireeva, E.G.3
  • 87
    • 0034923434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative damage is the earliest event in Alzheimer disease
    • Nunomura A, Perry G, Aliev G et al. Oxidative damage is the earliest event in Alzheimer disease. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 60, 759-767 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.60 , pp. 759-767
    • Nunomura, A.1    Perry, G.2    Aliev, G.3
  • 88
    • 58149191631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effcacy of a vitamin/nutriceutical formulation for early-stage Alzheimer's disease: A 1-year, open-label pilot study with an 16 month caregiver extension
    • Chan A, Paskavitz J, Remington R et al. Effcacy of a vitamin/ nutriceutical formulation for early-stage Alzheimer's disease: a 1-year, open-label pilot study with an 16 month caregiver extension. Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Other Demen. 23(6), 571-585 (2009).
    • (2009) Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Other Demen. , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 571-585
    • Chan, A.1    Paskavitz, J.2    Remington, R.3
  • 89
    • 33745266146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effcacy of rosiglitazone in a genetically defned population with mi ld-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease
    • Risner ME, Saunders AM, Altman JF et al. Effcacy of rosiglitazone in a genetically defned population with mi ld-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacogenomics J. 6, 246-254 (2006).
    • (2006) Pharmacogenomics J. , vol.6 , pp. 246-254
    • Risner, M.E.1    Saunders, A.M.2    Altman, J.F.3
  • 90
    • 33745141581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations of the National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute working group on cerebrovascular biology and disease
    • Iadecola C, Goldman SS, Harder DR et al. Recommendations of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute working group on cerebrovascular biology and disease. Stroke 37, 1578-1581 (2006).
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , pp. 1578-1581
    • Iadecola, C.1    Goldman, S.S.2    Harder, D.R.3
  • 91
    • 8644277006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species in vascular biology: Implications in hypertension
    • Touyz RM, Schiffrin EL. Reactive oxygen species in vascular biology: implications in hypertension. Histochem. Cell Biol., 122, 339-352 (2004).
    • (2004) Histochem. Cell Biol. , vol.122 , pp. 339-352
    • Touyz, R.M.1    Schiffrin, E.L.2
  • 92
    • 34548684314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of advanced glycation end products in hypertension and atherosclerosis: Therapeutic implications
    • Vasdev S, Gill V, Singal P. Role of advanced glycation end products in hypertension and atherosclerosis: therapeutic implications. Cell Biochem. Biophys. 49, 48-63 (2007).
    • (2007) Cell Biochem. Biophys. , vol.49 , pp. 48-63
    • Vasdev, S.1    Gill, V.2    Singal, P.3
  • 93
    • 0033854560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of oxidative stress by glutathione depletion causes severe hypertension in normal rats
    • Vaziri ND, Wang XQ, Oveisi F et al. Induction of oxidative stress by glutathione depletion causes severe hypertension in normal rats. Hypertension 36, 142-146 (2000).
    • (2000) Hypertension , vol.36 , pp. 142-146
    • Vaziri, N.D.1    Wang, X.Q.2    Oveisi, F.3
  • 94
    • 33749045289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of disease: Oxidative stress and infammation in the pathogenesis of hypertension
    • Vaziri ND, Rodriguez-Iturbe B. Mechanisms of disease: oxidative stress and infammation in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Nat. Clin. Pract. Nephrol. 2, 582-593 (2006).
    • (2006) Nat. Clin. Pract. Nephrol. , vol.2 , pp. 582-593
    • Vaziri, N.D.1    Rodriguez-Iturbe, B.2
  • 95
    • 4444329422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species vascular oxidative stress, and redox signaling in hypertension: What is the clinical signifcance?
    • Touyz RM. Reactive oxygen species, vascular oxidative stress, and redox signaling in hypertension: what is the clinical signifcance? Hypertension 44, 248-252 (2004).
    • (2004) Hypertension , vol.44 , pp. 248-252
    • Touyz, R.M.1
  • 96
    • 1842528400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convergence of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease: Infammation, cholesterol, and misfolded proteins
    • Casserly I, Topol E. Convergence of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease: infammation, cholesterol, and misfolded proteins. Lancet 363, 1139-1146 (2004).
    • (2004) Lancet , vol.363 , pp. 1139-1146
    • Casserly, I.1    Topol, E.2
  • 97
    • 4444333965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent trials of antioxidant therapy: What should we be telling our patients?
    • Hasnain BI, Mooradian AD. Recent trials of antioxidant therapy: what should we be telling our patients? Cleve. Clin. J. Med. 71, 327-334 (2004).
    • (2004) Cleve. Clin. J. Med. , vol.71 , pp. 327-334
    • Hasnain, B.I.1    Mooradian, A.D.2
  • 98
    • 0033514107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: Emphasison vitamin C, vitamin E, and b-carotene: A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association
    • AHA Science Advisory.
    • Tribble DL. AHA Science Advisory. Antioxidant consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: emphasison vitamin C, vitamin E, and b-carotene: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation 99, 591-595 (1999).
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.99 , pp. 591-595
    • Tribble, D.L.1
  • 99
    • 33646855957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathology of Alzheimer disease: Pathognomonic but not pathogenic
    • Castellani RJ, Lee HG, Zhu X et al. Neuropathology of Alzheimer disease: pathognomonic but not pathogenic. Acta Neuropathol. 111, 503-509 (2006).
    • (2006) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.111 , pp. 503-509
    • Castellani, R.J.1    Lee, H.G.2    Zhu, X.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.