Knowledge and Skills for Teachers of Individuals Who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing: Initial Set Revalidation

Communication Disorders Quarterly

Volumn 30, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 12-36

  Easterbrooks, Susan R ^a  

^a GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77950724933     PISSN: 15257401     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1525740108324043     Document Type: Article

References (272)

1. Council for Exceptional Children. (2008). CEC validation studies overview 2008. Presentation at the annual meeting of the Council for Exceptional Children, Boston, MA.
2. Gallaudet Research Institute. (2005, December). Regional and national summary report of data from the 2004-2005 Annual Survey of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children and Youth. Washington, DC: Author.
3. U.S. Department of Education. (2007). 27th annual report to Congress on the implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, Office of Special Education Programs.
4. Andrews, J.F., Leigh, I.W., & Weiner, M.T. (2004). Deaf people: Evolving perspectives from psychology, education and sociology. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
5. Moores, D. (2001). Educating the deaf: Psychology, principles and practice (5th ed.). Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.
6. Parasnis, I. (1997). Cultural identity and diversity in deaf education. American Annals of the Deaf, 142(2), 72-79.
7. Schirmer, B.R. (2001). Dimensions of deafness: Psychological, social and educational. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
8. Alexander, L. (1992). Deaf students services guidelines. Retrieved October 26, 1992, from http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/hq9806.html.
9. Gallaudet Research Institute. (2005, December). Regional and national summary report of data from the 2004-2005 Annual Survey of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children and Youth. Washington, DC: Author.
10. Grimwood, K., Anderson, V.A., Bond, L., & Catrooppa, C. (1995). Adverse outcomes of bacterial meningitis in school-age survivors. Pediatrics, 95(5), 646-656.
11. Marschark, M. (2002). Educating deaf students: From research to practice. New York: Oxford University Press.
12. Andrews, J.F., Leigh, I.W., & Weiner, M.T. (2004). Deaf people: Evolving perspectives from psychology, education and sociology. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
13. Moores, D. (2001). Educating the deaf: Psychology, principles and practice (5th ed.). Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.
14. Stewart, D., & Kluwin, T. (2001). Teaching deaf and hard of hearing students: Content, strategies, and curriculum. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
15. Davis, L.J. (2007). Deafness and the riddle of identity. Chronicle of Higher Education, 53(19), B6.
16. Lane, H. (2005). Ethnicity, ethics, and the deaf-world. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 10(3), 291-320.
17. Boudreault, P., & Mayberry, R.I. (2006). Grammatical processing in American Sign Language: Age of first-language acquisition effects in relation to syntactic structure. Language and Cognitive Processes, 21(5), 608-635.
18. Jackson, A.L. (2001). Language facility and theory of mind development in deaf children. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 6(1), 161-176.
19. Marschark, M., Green, V., Hindmarsh, G., & Walker, S. (2000). Understanding theory of mind in children who are deaf. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 1067-1073.
20. Miller, P. (2007). The role of spoken and sign languages in the retention of written words by prelingually deafened native signers. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 12(2), 184-208.
21. Easterbrooks, S., & Baker, S. (2002). Language learning in children who are deaf and hard of hearing: Multiple pathways. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
22. Bowe, F. (1998). Language development in deaf children. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 3, 73-77.
23. Pressman, L.J., Pipp-Siegel, S., Yoshinaga-Itano, C., & Deas, A. (1999). Maternal sensitivity predicts language gain in preschool children who are deaf and hard of hearing. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 4, 294-304.
24. Yoshinaga-Itano, C., & Apuzzo, M.L. (1998a). The development of deaf and hard of hearing children identified early through the high risk registry. American Annals of the Deaf, 143, 416-424.
25. Yoshinaga-Itano, C., & Apuzzo, M.L. (1998b). Identification of hearing loss after 18 months is not early enough. American Annals of the Deaf, 143, 380-387.
26. Schlesinger, H.S. (2000). A developmental model applied to problems of deafness. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 5, 349-361.
27. Chute, P., & Nevins, M.E. (2006). School professionals working with children with cochlear implants. San Diego, CA: Plural.
28. Roeser, R. (2002). The impact of cochlear implants in schools: A new era for aural rehabilitation. Volta Voices, 9(2), 12-15.
29. Calderon, R., & Greenberg, M. (1997). The effectiveness of early intervention for deaf children and children with hearing loss. In M. J. Guralnick (Ed.), The effectiveness of early intervention (pp. 455-492). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
30. Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple intelligences: The theory in practice. New York: Basic Books.
31. Hoffmeister, R. (2000). A piece of the puzzle: ASL and reading comprehension in deaf children. In C. Chamberlain, J. P. Morford, & R. I. Mayberry (Eds.), Language acquisition by eye (pp. 143-164). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
32. Jones, T.W., & Jones, K. (2003). Challenges in educating young deaf children with multiple disabilities. In B. A. Bodner-Johnson & M. A. Sass-Lehrer (Eds.), Early education for deaf and hard of hearing toddlers and their families: Integrating best practices and future perspectives (pp. 297-327). Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
33. Schirmer, B.R. (2001). Dimensions of deafness: Psychological, social and educational. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
34. Luterman, D.M., Kurtzer-White, E., & Seewald, R. (1999). The young deaf child. Baltimore, MD: York.
35. Meadows-Orlans, K.P., Mertens, D.M., & Sass-Lehrer, M.A. (2002). Parents and their deaf children: The early years. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.
36. Peterson, S.S., & Heywood, D. (2007). Contributions of families' linguistic, social, and cultural capital to minority-language children's literacy: Parents', teachers', and principals' perspectives. Canadian Modern Language Review, 63(4), 517-538.
37. Pressman, L.J., Pipp-Siegel, S., Yoshinaga-Itano, C., & Deas, A. (1999). Maternal sensitivity predicts language gain in preschool children who are deaf and hard of hearing. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 4, 294-304.
38. Lane, H. (2005). Ethnicity, ethics, and the deaf-world. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 10(3), 291-320.
39. Marschark, M. (2002). Educating deaf students: From research to practice. New York: Oxford University Press.
40. Easterbrooks, S., & Stoner, M. (2006). Using a visual tool to increase adjectives in the written language of students who are deaf or hard of hearing. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 27(2), 95-109.
41. Kalgren, A. (1992). Semantic maps: The road to better writing. Perspectives in Education and Deafness, 10(5), 16-18.
42. Luckner, J., Bowen, S., & Carter, K. (2001). Visual teaching strategies for students who are deaf or hard of hearing. Teaching Exceptional Children, 33, 38-44.
43. Luckner, J.L., & Humphries, S. (1992). Picturing ideas through graphic organizers. Perspectives in Education and Deafness, 11(2), 8-9, 22.
44. McIntosh, A. (1995). Conceptual teaching + semantic mapping = discovering connections. Perspectives in Education and Deafness, 14(1), 11, 16-17.
45. Lang, H.G., McKee, B.G., & Conner, K.N. (1993). Characteristics of effective teachers: A descriptive study of perceptions of faculty and deaf college students. American Annals of the Deaf, 138, 252-259.
46. Jones, T., & Ewing, C. (2002). An analysis of teacher preparation in deaf education: Programs approved by the Council on Education of the Deaf. American Council of the Deaf, 147(5), 71-78.
47. Akamatsu, C.T., Stewart, D., & Mayer, C. (2004). Is it time to look beyond teachers' signing behavior? In D. Power & G. Leigh (Eds.), Educating deaf students: Global perspectives (pp. 40-54). Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.
48. Cummins, J. (1984). Bilingual education and special education: Issues in assessment and pedagogy. San Diego, CA: College Hill.
49. Cummins, J. (1991). Language development and academic learning. In J. Cummins, L. Malave, & G. Duquette (Eds.), Language, culture and cognition (pp. 161-175). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
50. Cummins, J. (1994). The acquisition of English as a second language. In K. Spangenberg-Urbschat & R. Pritchard (Eds.), Kids come in all languages: Reading instruction for ESL students (pp. 36-62). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
51. Mayer, C., & Akamatsu, C.T. (2003). Bilingualism and literacy. In M. Marschark & P. Spencer (Eds.), Oxford handbook of deaf studies, language, and education (pp. 136-147). New York: Oxford University Press.
52. Lang, H.G., Dowaliby, F.J., & Anderson, H. (1994). Critical teaching incidents: Recollections of deaf college students. American Annals of the Deaf, 139, 119-127.
53. Chrosniak, P.N. (1993). Reading in English as a translation task: Fluent Deaf young adult bilinguals. In D. J. Lew & C. K. Kinzer (Eds.), Examining central issues in literacy research, theory, and practice: Forty-second yearbook of the National Reading Conference. Chicago: National Reading Conference. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED362855).
54. Gaustad, M.G., & Kelly, R.R. (2004). The relationship between reading achievement and morphological word analysis of deaf and hearing students matched for reading level. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 9, 269-285.
55. Geers, A., & Moog, J. (1989). Factors predictive of the development of literacy in profoundly hearing-impaired adolescents. Volta Review, 91, 69-86.
56. Gillespie, C.W., & Twardosz, S. (1997). A group storybook-reading intervention with children at a residential school for the deaf. American Annals of the Deaf, 142(4), 320-332.
57. Luetke-Stahlman, B., & Nielsen, D.C., (2003). The contribution of phonological awareness and receptive and expressive English to the reading ability of deaf students with varying degrees of exposure to accurate English. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 8(4), 464-484.
58. Paul, P.V. (1996). Reading vocabulary knowledge and deafness. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 1(1), 5-15.
59. Satchwell, S.E. (1993). Does teaching reading strategies to deaf children help increase their reading levels? ACEHI Journal, 19, 38-48.
60. Schirmer, B.R. (2001). Using research to improve literacy practice and practice to improve literacy research. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 6, 83-91.
61. Strassman, B.K. (1997). Metacognition and reading in children who are deaf: A review of the research. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 2(3), 140-149.
62. Bailes, C.N. (1999). Deaf-centric teaching: A case study in ASL-English bilingualism. In L. Bragg (Ed.), Deaf world: A historical reader and primary sourcebook (pp. 211-233). New York: New York University Press.
63. Evans, C.J. (2004). Literacy development in deaf students: Case studies in bilingual teaching and learning. American Annals of the Deaf, 149, 17-27.
64. Akamatsu, C.T., Stewart, D., & Mayer, C. (2004). Is it time to look beyond teachers' signing behavior? In D. Power & G. Leigh (Eds.), Educating deaf students: Global perspectives (pp. 40-54). Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.
65. Cummins, J. (1984). Bilingual education and special education: Issues in assessment and pedagogy. San Diego, CA: College Hill.
66. Cummins, J. (1991). Language development and academic learning. In J. Cummins, L. Malave, & G. Duquette (Eds.), Language, culture and cognition (pp. 161-175). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
67. Cummins, J. (1994). The acquisition of English as a second language. In K. Spangenberg-Urbschat & R. Pritchard (Eds.), Kids come in all languages: Reading instruction for ESL students (pp. 36-62). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
68. Cummins, J., & McNeely, S. (1987). Language development, academic learning, and empowering minority students. In K. Tikunoff (Ed.), Bilingual education and bilingual special education: A guide for administrators (pp. 75-98). Boston: Little, Brown.
69. Easterbrooks, S., & Baker, S. (2002). Language learning in children who are deaf and hard of hearing: Multiple pathways. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
70. Krashen, S.D. (1988). Second language acquisition and second language learning. New York: Prentice Hall.
71. Luetke-Stahlman, B. (1999). Language across the curriculum when students are deaf and hard of hearing. Hillsboro, OR: Butte.
72. Mayer, C., & Akamatsu, C.T. (1999). Bilingual-bicultural models of literacy education for deaf students: Considering the claims. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 4, 1-8.
73. Mayer, C., & Akamatsu, C.T. (2003). Bilingualism and literacy. In M. Marschark & P. Spencer (Eds.), Oxford handbook of deaf studies, language, and education (pp. 136-147). New York: Oxford University Press.
74. Nover, S., & Andrews, J. (1999). Critical pedagogy in deaf education: Bilingual methodology and staff development. Star Schools Project Grant no. R203A70030-97, Report #2. New Mexico School for the Deaf.
75. Easterbrooks, S.R., & Stephenson, B. (2006). An examination of twenty literacy, science, and mathematics practices used to educate students who are deaf or hard of hearing. American Annals of the Deaf, 151(4), 385-397.
76. Howell, J.J., & Luckner, J.L. (2004). Helping one deaf student develop content literacy skills: An action research report. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 25(1), 23-27.
77. Ohna, S.E. (2005). Researching classroom processes of inclusion and exclusion. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 20(2), 167-178.
78. Woolsey, M.L., Harrison, T.J., & Gardner, R. (2004). A preliminary examination of instructional arrangements, teaching behaviors, levels of academic responding of deaf middle school students in three different educational settings. Education and Treatment of Children, 27(3), 263-279.
79. Malik, S. (1996). Reading for meaning: A guided reading approach. Volta Review, 98(3), 127-136.
80. Powers, S. (2003). Influences of student and family factors on academic outcomes of mainstream secondary school deaf students. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 8(1), 57-78.
81. Spencer, P.E. (2004). Individual differences in language performance after cochlear implantation at one to three years of age: Child, family, and linguistic factors. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 9(4), 395-412.
82. Swanwick, R., & Watson, L. (2005). Literacy in the homes of young deaf children: Common and distinct features of spoken language and sign bilingual environments. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 5(1), 53-78.
83. Young, A., Carr, G., Hunt, R., McCracken, W., Skipp, A., & Tattersall, H. (2006). Informed choice and deaf children: Underpinning concepts and enduring challenges. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 11(3), 322-336.
84. Wood, J.C., & Turnbull, A. (2004). Impact of deafness on family life: A review of the literature. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 24(1), 15-29.
85. Luckner, J.L., & Velaski, A. (2004). Healthy families of children who are deaf. American Annals of the Deaf, 149(4), 324-335.
86. Antia, S.D., & Kreimeyer, K.H. (2001). The role of interpreters in inclusive classrooms. American Annals of the Deaf, 146(4), 355-365.
87. Ellis, M.K., & Stewart, D.A. (2005). Sports and the deaf child. American Annals of the Deaf, 150(1) 59-66.
88. Alexander, L. (1992). Deaf students services guidelines. Retrieved October 26, 1992, from http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/hq9806.html.
89. Stewart, D., & Kluwin, T. (2001). Teaching deaf and hard of hearing students: Content, strategies, and curriculum. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
90. Stewart, S.R., Gonzalez, L.S., & Page J.L. (1997). Incidental learning of sight words during articulation training. Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools, 28, 115-126.
91. Calderon, R., & Greenberg, M. (2003). Social and emotional development of deaf children. In M. Marschark & P. E. Spencer (Eds.), Oxford handbook of deaf studies, language, and education (pp. 177-189). New York: Oxford University Press.
92. DeConde-Johnson, C., Benson, P.V., & Seaton, J.B. (1997). Educational audiology handbook. San Diego, CA: Singular.
93. Hart, B., & Risley, T.R. (1995). Meaningful differences in the everyday experiences of young American children. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.
94. Marschark, M., Convertino, C., & Larock, D. (2006). Optimizing academic performance of deaf students: Access, opportunity, and outcomes. In D. F. Moores & D. S. Martin (Eds.), Deaf learners: Development in curriculum and instruction (pp. 179-200). Washington DC: Gallaudet University Press.
95. Easterbrooks, S., & Baker, S. (2002). Language learning in children who are deaf and hard of hearing: Multiple pathways. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
96. Groht, M. (1958). Natural language for deaf children. Washington, DC: Volta Bureau.
97. Rose, S., McAnally, P., & Quigley, S. (2004). Language learning practices with deaf children (3rd ed.). Austin: TX: PRO-ED.
98. Luft, P., Johnson, H., & Kask, K. (1999). Survey of educational interpreters in Ohio: Level of training and identified needs. Rochester, NY: Association of College Educators of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing.
99. Antia, S.D., & Kreimeyer, K.H. (2001). The role of interpreters in inclusive classrooms. American Annals of the Deaf, 146(4), 355-365.
100. Evans, C.J. (2004). Literacy development in deaf students: Case studies in bilingual teaching and learning. American Annals of the Deaf, 149, 17-27.
101. Mayer, C., & Akamatsu, C.T. (1999). Bilingual-bicultural models of literacy education for deaf students: Considering the claims. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 4, 1-8.
102. Andrews, J.F., Leigh, I.W., & Weiner, M.T. (2004). Deaf people: Evolving perspectives from psychology, education and sociology. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
103. DeConde-Johnson, C., Benson, P.V., & Seaton, J.B. (1997). Educational audiology handbook. San Diego, CA: Singular.
104. Flexor, C. (1997). Individual and sound-field FM systems: Rationale, description, and use. Volta Review, 99(3), 133-162.
105. Chute, P., & Nevins, M.E. (2006). School professionals working with children with cochlear implants. San Diego, CA: Plural.
106. Crandell, C.C., & Smaldino, J.J. (1999). Improving classroom acoustics: Utilizing hearing-assistive technology and communication strategies in the educational setting. Volta Review, 101(5), 1-14.
107. Schirmer, B.R. (2001). Dimensions of deafness: Psychological, social and educational. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
108. Crandell, C.C., & Smaldino, J.J. (1999). Improving classroom acoustics: Utilizing hearing-assistive technology and communication strategies in the educational setting. Volta Review, 101(5), 1-14.
109. Erber, N. (1979). Illumination factors in the design of classrooms for deaf children. Volta Review, 81(4), 226-235.
110. Flexor, C. (1997). Individual and sound-field FM systems: Rationale, description, and use. Volta Review, 99(3), 133-162.
111. Stark, B. (1976). Designing a classroom for the deaf. Audiovisual Instruction, 21(10), 22-23.
112. DeConde-Johnson, C., Benson, P.V., & Seaton, J.B. (1997). Educational audiology handbook. San Diego, CA: Singular.
113. Easterbrooks, S., & Baker, S. (2002). Language learning in children who are deaf and hard of hearing: Multiple pathways. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
114. Klein, D., & Parker, E. (2002). Spoken communication for students who are deaf or hard of hearing. Hillsboro, OR: Butte.
115. Ansell, E., & Pagliaro, C. (2006). The relative difficulty of signed arithmetic story problems for primary level deaf and hard-of-hearing students. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 11(2), 153-170.
116. Antia, S.D., Reed, S., & Kreimeyer, K. (2005). Written language of deaf and hard-of-hearing students in public schools. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 10(3), 244-255.
117. Bochner, J.H., & Albertini, J.A. (1988). Language varieties in the deaf population. In M. Strong (Ed.), Language learning and deafness (pp. 3-48). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
118. Boudreault, P., & Mayberry, R.I. (2006). Grammatical processing in American Sign Language: Age of first-language acquisition effects in relation to syntactic structure. Language and Cognitive Processes, 21(5), 608-635.
119. Paatsch, L.E., Blamey, P.J., & Sarant, J.Z. (2006). The effects of speech production and vocabulary training on different components of spoken language performance. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 11(1), 39-55.
120. Singleton, J.L. (1989). Restructuring of language from impoverished input: Evidence for linguistic compensation (Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1989). Dissertation Abstracts International, 50(11), 5349B. (University Microfilms No. AAG90-11028).
121. Neidle, C., Kegl, J., MacLaughlin, D., Bahan, B., & Lee, R.G. (2000). The syntax of American Sign Language: Functional categories and hierarchical structure. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
122. Marschark, M. (2001). Language development in children who are deaf: A research synthesis. Alexandria, VA: National Association of State Directors of Special Education.
123. Prendergast, S.G., Lartz, M.N., & Fiedler, B.C. (2002). Ages of diagnosis, amplification, and early intervention of infants and young children with hearing loss: Findings from parent interviews. American Annals of the Deaf, 147(1), 24-30.
124. Vaccari, C., & Marschark, M. (1997). Communication between parents and deaf children: Implications for social emotional development. Journal of Child Psychology, 38(7), 793-801.
125. Yoshinaga-Itano, C. (2003). From screening to early identification and intervention: Discovering predictors to successful outcomes for children with significant hearing loss. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 8(1), 11-30.
126. Yoshinaga-Itano, C., & Apuzzo, M.L. (1998). Identification of hearing loss after 18 months is not early enough. American Annals of the Deaf, 143, 380-387.
127. Aslin, R.N., Pisoni, D.B., Hennessey, B.L., & Perey, A.J. (1981). Discrimination of voice onset time by human infants: New findings & implications for the effects of early experience. Child Development, 52, 1135-1145.
128. Marschark, M. (2001). Language development in children who are deaf: A research synthesis. Alexandria, VA: National Association of State Directors of Special Education.
129. Moeller, M.P. (2000). Early intervention and language development in children who are deaf and hard of hearing. Pediatrics, 106(3), E43-E51.
130. Prendergast, S.G., Lartz, M.N., & Fiedler, B.C. (2002). Ages of diagnosis, amplification, and early intervention of infants and young children with hearing loss: Findings from parent interviews. American Annals of the Deaf, 147(1), 24-30.
131. Vaccari, C., & Marschark, M. (1997). Communication between parents and deaf children: Implications for social emotional development. Journal of Child Psychology, 38(7), 793-801.
132. Yoshinaga-Itano, C. (2003). From screening to early identification and intervention: Discovering predictors to successful outcomes for children with significant hearing loss. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 8(1), 11-30.
133. Bochner, J.H., & Albertini, J.A. (1988). Language varieties in the deaf population. In M. Strong (Ed.), Language learning and deafness (pp. 3-48). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
134. Lynas, W. (1994). Communication options in the education of deaf children. London: Whurr.
135. Easterbrooks, S., & Baker, S. (2002). Language learning in children who are deaf and hard of hearing: Multiple pathways. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
136. Easterbrooks, S., & Estes, E. (2007). Helping deaf and hard of hearing students to use spoken language. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.
137. Scheetz, N. (2001). Orientation to deafness. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
138. Bebko, J.M., Calderon, R., & Treder, R. (2003). The Language Proficiency Profile-2: Assessment of the global communication skills of deaf children across languages and modalities of expression. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 8(4), 438-451.
139. Corina, D.P. (1998). Studies of neural processing in deaf signers: Toward a neurocognitive model of language processing in the deaf. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 3(1), 35-48.
140. Marschark, M. (2001). Language development in children who are deaf: A research synthesis. Alexandria, VA: National Association of State Directors of Special Education.
141. Polich, L. (2001). Education of the deaf in Nicaragua. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 6(4), 315-326.
142. Antia, S. (1998). School and classroom characteristics that facilitate the social integration of deaf and hard of hearing children. In A. Weisel (Ed.), Issues unresolved (pp. 9-23). Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.
143. Cummins, J. (1994). The acquisition of English as a second language. In K. Spangenberg-Urbschat & R. Pritchard (Eds.), Kids come in all languages: Reading instruction for ESL students (pp. 36-62). Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
144. Fitch, T., Hauser, M., & Chomsky, N. (2005). The evolution of the language faculty: Clarifications and implications. Cognition, 97, 179-210.
145. Lynas, W. (1994). Communication options in the education of deaf children. London: Whurr.
146. Muma, J. (2003). Proactive deaf education: Cognitive socialization. Hillsboro, OR: Butte.
147. Easterbrooks, S., & Baker, S. (2002). Language learning in children who are deaf and hard of hearing: Multiple pathways. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
148. Rose, S., McAnally, P., & Quigley, S. (2004). Language learning practices with deaf children (3rd ed.). Austin: TX: PRO-ED.
149. Bandurski, M., & Galkowski, T. (2004). The development of analogical reasoning in deaf children and their parents' communication mode. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 9(2), 153-175.
150. Edmondson, P. (2006). Deaf children's understanding of other people's thought processes. Educational Psychology in Practice, 22(2), 159-169.
151. Lundy, J.E.B. (2002). Age and language skills of deaf children in relation to theory of mind development. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 7(1), 41-56.
152. Moeller, M.P., & Schick, B. (2006). Relations between maternal input and theory of mind understanding in deaf children. Child Development, 77(3), 752-766.
153. Andersson, U., Lyxell, B., & Ronnberg, J. (2001). Cognitive correlates of visual speech understanding in hearing-impaired individuals. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 6(2) 103-115.
154. Furth, H.G. (1966). Thinking without language: Psychological implications of deafness. New York: Free Press.
155. Mohay, H. (2000). Language in sight: Mothers' strategies for making language visually accessible to deaf children. In P. E. Spencer, C. J. Erting, & M. Marschark (Eds.), The deaf child in the family and at school (pp. 151-166). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
156. Myklebust, H.R. (1960). The psychology of deafness: Sensory deprivation, learning and adjustment. New York: Grune & Stratton.
157. Easterbrooks, S., & Baker, S. (2002). Language learning in children who are deaf and hard of hearing: Multiple pathways. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
158. Luetke-Stahlman, B. (1998). Language issues in deaf education. Boston: Butte.
159. Rose, S., McAnally, P., & Quigley, S. (2004). Language learning practices with deaf children (3rd ed.). Austin: TX: PRO-ED.
160. Bouchard, M.G., Le Normand, M.T., & Cohen, H. (2007). Production of consonants by prelinguistically deaf children with cochlear implants. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 21(11-12), 875-884.
161. Bow, C.P., Blamey, P.J., & Paatsch, L.E. (2004). The effects of phonological and morphological training on speech perception scores and grammatical judgments in deaf and hard-of-hearing children. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 9(3), 305-314.
162. James, D., Rajput, K., & Brown, T. (2005). Phonological awareness in deaf children who use cochlear implants. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 48(6), 1511-1528.
163. Most, T., & Peled, M. (2007). Perception of suprasegmental features of speech by children with cochlear implants and children with hearing aids. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 12(3), 350-361.
164. Svirsky, M.A., Chin, S.B., & Miyamoto, R.T. (2000). Speech intelligibility of profoundly deaf pediatric hearing aid users. Volta Review, 102(4), 175-198.
165. Chute, P., & Nevins, M.E. (2006). School professionals working with children with cochlear implants. San Diego, CA: Plural.
166. Easterbrooks, S., & Estes, E. (2007). Helping deaf and hard of hearing students to use spoken language. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin.
167. Bain, L., Scott, S., & Steinberg, A.G. (2004). Socialization experiences and coping strategies of adults raised using spoken language. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 9(1), 120-128.
168. Keating, E., & Mirus, G. (2003). Examining interactions across language modalities: Deaf children and hearing peers at school. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 34(2), 115-135.
169. Tye-Murray, N., Purdy, S., Woodworth, G., & Tyler, R. (1990). Effects of repair strategies on visual identification of sentences. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 55, 621-627.
170. Akamatsu, C.T., Mayer, C., & Farrelly, S. (2006). An investigation of two-way text messaging use with deaf students at the secondary level. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 11(1), 120-131.
171. Hartman, M. (1996). Thinking and learning in classroom discourse. Volta Review, 98(3), 93-106.
172. Luckner, J.L. (1989). Conditions for positive psychological and educational development of hearing impaired persons. Journal of Humanistic Education and Development, 28(1), 35-44.
173. Council for Exceptional Children. (2003). What every special educator must know: Ethics, standards and guidelines for special educators (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: author.
174. Pau, S. (1995). The deaf child and solving problems of arithmetic: The importance of comprehensive reading. American Annals of the Deaf, 140, 287-290.
175. Spencer, P. (1993). Communication behaviors of infants with hearing loss and their mothers. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 36, 311-321.
176. Gallaway, C., & Woll, B. (1994). Interaction and childhood deafness. In C. Gallaway & B. J. Richards (Eds.), Input and interaction in language acquisition (pp. 197-218). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
177. Schick, B. (2001). Interpreting for children: How it's different. Odyssey, 2, 8-11.
178. Schick, B. (2003). The development of American Sign Language and manually coded English systems. In M. Marschark & P. Spencer (Eds.), Oxford handbook of deaf studies, language, and education (pp. 219-231). New York: Oxford University Press.
179. Vygotsky, L. (1962). Thought and language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
180. Gallaudet Research Institute. (2006, December). 2006-2007 regional and national study. Retrieved May 20, 2008, from http://gri.gallaudet.edu/Demographics/2006_National_Summary.pdf.
181. Woodward, J., Strong, M., & Burdett, J. (1987). A bilingual/ESL approach to the education of deaf children. Teaching English to Deaf and Second Language Students, 5(1), 9-15, 17-20.
182. Easterbrooks, S., & Baker, S. (2002). Language learning in children who are deaf and hard of hearing: Multiple pathways. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
183. Power, D., Hyde, M., & Leigh, G. (1996). Language of teachers of the deaf to hearing students and deaf students under simulated oral and simultaneous communication conditions. Journal of the Canadian Association of Educators of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, 22, 122-129.
184. Bullis, M., Davis, C., Bull, B., & Johnson, B. (1997). Expectations versus realities: Examination of transition plans and experiences of adolescents who are deaf and adolescents who are hearing. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 40(4), 251-264.
185. Mohay, H. (2000). Language in sight: Mothers' strategies for making language visually accessible to deaf children. In P. E. Spencer, C. J. Erting, & M. Marschark (Eds.), The deaf child in the family and at school (pp. 151-166). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
186. Bullis, M., & Watson, D. (Eds.). (1984). Career education of hearing impaired students: A review. Little Rock: University of Arkansas, Rehabilitation Research & Training Center for Persons Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing.
187. National Association of State Directors of Special Education. (2006). Meeting the needs of students who are deaf or hard of hearing: Educational services guidelines. Alexandria, VA: Author.
188. Easterbrooks, S., & Huston, S. (2008). Visual reading fluency in signing deaf children. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 13(1), 37-54.
189. Easterbrooks, S.R., & Stephenson, B. (2006). An examination of twenty literacy, science, and mathematics practices used to educate students who are deaf or hard of hearing. American Annals of the Deaf, 151(4), 385-397.
190. Easterbrooks, S., & Stoner, M. (2006). Using a visual tool to increase adjectives in the written language of students who are deaf or hard of hearing. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 27(2), 95-109.
191. Lang, H.G., & Steely, D. (2003). Web-based science instruction for deaf students: What research says to the teacher. Instructional Science, 31, 277-298.
192. Power, M., Power, D., & Horstmanshof, L. (2007). Deaf people communicating via SMS, TTY, relay service, fax, and computers in Australia. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 12(1), 80-92.
193. Stewart, D., & Kluwin, T. (2001). Teaching deaf and hard of hearing students: Content, strategies, and curriculum. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
194. Thompson, S., & Easterbrooks, S. (2006). Employment and quality of life in adults who are deaf. Journal of the American Deafness and Rehabilitation Association, 39(2), 25-58.
195. Bowe, F. (2003). Transition for deaf and hard of hearing students: A blueprint for change. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 8(4), 485-493.
196. Garay, S. (2003). Listening to the voices of deaf students: Essential transition issues. Teaching Exceptional Children, 35(4), 44-48.
197. Punch, R., Hyde, J., & Creed, P. (2004). Issues in the school-to-work transition of hard of hearing adolescents. American Annals of the Deaf, 149(1), 28-38.
198. Ansell, E., & Pagliaro, C. (2006). The relative difficulty of signed arithmetic story problems for primary level deaf and hard-of-hearing students. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 11(2), 153-170.
199. Kelly, R., Lang, H., & Pagliaro, C. (2003). Mathematics word problem solving for deaf students: A survey of practices in Grades 6-12. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 8(2), 104-119.
200. Brown, C. (2007). Supporting English language learners in content-reading. Reading Improvement, 44(1), 32-39.
201. Fang, Z. (2006). The language demands of science reading in middle school. International Journal of Science Education, 28(5), 491-520.
202. Hapgood, S., & Palincsar, A. (2007). Where literacy and science intersect. Educational Leadership, 64(4), 56-60.
203. Kennedy, T. (2006). Language learning and its impact on the brain: Connecting language learning with the mind through content-based instruction. Foreign Language Annals, 39(3), 471-486.
204. Schirmer, B. (1997). Boosting reading success: Language, literacy, and content area instruction for deaf and hard-of-hearing students-And bilingual students, and students learning English as a second language, and everyone else who needs a little help. Teaching Exceptional Children, 30(1), 52-56.
205. McCain, K., & Antia, S. (2005). Academic and social status of hearing, deaf, and hard of hearing students participating in a co-enrolled classroom. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 27(1), 20-32.
206. Powers, S. (2001). Investigating good practice in supporting deaf pupils in mainstream schools. Educational Review, 53(2), 181-189.
207. Winter, S., & Van Reusen, A. (1997). Inclusion and kindergarteners who are deaf or hard of hearing: Comparing teaching strategies with recommended guidelines. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 11(2), 114-134.
208. Compton, M.V., Stratton, A., & Maier, A. (1998, March). It takes two: Co-teaching for deaf and hard of hearing students in rural schools. Paper presented at the 18th annual conference of the American Council on Rural Special Education, Charleston, SC.
209. Rose, S. (2002). Inclusion of students with hearing loss in general education: Fact or fiction? Teacher Educator, 37(3), 216-229.
210. Cawthon, S. (2006). National survey of accommodations and alternate assessments for students who are deaf or hard of hearing in the United States. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 11, 337-359.
211. Crowe, M. (2005). Cross-cultural instrument translation: Assessment, translation, and statistical applications. American Annals of the Deaf, 150, 67-72.
212. Gordon, R., & Stump, K. (1996). Assessment of individuals with hearing impairments: Equity in testing procedures and accommodations. Measurement & Evaluation in Counseling & Development, 29, 111-118.
213. Miller, M. (2006). Deaf learners: Developments in curriculum and instruction. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.
214. Mindes, G. (2007). Assessing young children. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
215. Easterbrooks, S., & Baker, S. (2002). Language learning in children who are deaf and hard of hearing: Multiple pathways. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
216. Cawthon, S. (2006). National survey of accommodations and alternate assessments for students who are deaf or hard of hearing in the United States. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 11, 337-359.
217. Nover, S.M., Andrews, J.F., & Everhart, V.S. (2001). Critical pedagogy in deaf education: Teachers reflections on implementing ASL/English bilingual methodology and language assessment for deaf learners-Year 4 report (2000-2001) (USDLC Star Schools Project Report). Santa Fe: New Mexico School for the Deaf.
218. Prezbindowski, A., & Lederberg, A. (2003). Vocabulary assessment of deaf and hard-of-hearing children: From infancy through the preschool years. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 8, 383-400.
219. Bebko, J.M., Calderon, R., & Treder, R. (2003). The Language Proficiency Profile-2: Assessment of the global communication skills of deaf children across languages and modalities of expression. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 8(4), 438-451.
220. Bowen, S., & Ferrell, K. (2003). Assessment in low-incidence disabilities: The day-to-day realities. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 22, 10-19.
221. Bradley-Johnson, S., & Evans, L. (1991). Psycho-educational assessment of hearing impaired students. Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
222. Easterbrooks, S., & Baker, S. (2002). Language learning in children who are deaf and hard of hearing: Multiple pathways. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
223. Goldstein, G., & Bebko, J. (2003). The profile of multiple language proficiencies: A measure for evaluating language samples of deaf children. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 8, 452-463.
224. Nielsen, D., & Luetke-Stahlman, B. (2002). The benefit of assessment-based language and reading instruction: Perspectives from a case study. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 7, 149-186.
225. Stewart, D., & Kluwin, T. (2001). Teaching deaf and hard of hearing students: Content, strategies, and curriculum. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
226. Clack, K. (1996). Exploring assessment alternatives for deaf students. Perspectives in Education and Deafness, 14, 5-7.
227. Cohen, L., & Spenciner, L. (2003). Assessment of children and youth with special needs. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
228. Easterbrooks, S., & Baker, S. (2002). Language learning in children who are deaf and hard of hearing: Multiple pathways. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
229. Dromi, E. (2003). Assessment of prelinguistic behaviors in deaf children: Parents as collaborators. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 8(4), 367-382.
230. Goldstein, G., & Bebko, J. (2003). The profile of multiple language proficiencies: A measure for evaluating language samples of deaf children. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 8, 452-463.
231. Prezbindowski, A., & Lederberg, A. (2003). Vocabulary assessment of deaf and hard-of-hearing children: From infancy through the preschool years. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 8, 383-400.
232. Yoshinaga-Itano, C., Snyder, L., & Mayberry, R. (1996). Can lexical/semantic skills differentiate deaf or hard-of-hearing readers and nonreaders? Volta Review, 98(1), 39-61.
233. Luckner, J., & Carter, K. (2001). Essential competencies for teaching students with hearing loss and additional disabilities. American Annals of the Deaf, 146(1), 7-15.
234. Luckner, J., & Hanks, J. (2003). Job satisfaction: Perceptions of a national sample of teachers of students who are deaf or hard of hearing. American Annals of the Deaf, 148(1), 5-17.
235. Luckner, J., & Howell, J. (2002). Suggestions for preparing itinerant teachers: A qualitative analysis. American Annals of the Deaf, 147(3), 54-61.
236. Luckner, J., & Muir, S. (2002). Suggestions for helping students who are deaf succeed in general education settings. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 24(1), 23-30.
237. National Association of State Directors of Special Education. (2006). Meeting the needs of students who are deaf or hard of hearing: Educational services guidelines. Alexandria, VA: Author.
238. Dowaliby, F.J., & Lang, H.G. (1999). Adjunct aids to instructional prose: A multimedia study with deaf college students. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 4(4), 270-282.
239. Lang, H.G., & Steely, D. (2003). Web-based science instruction for deaf students: What research says to the teacher. Instructional Science, 31, 277-298.
240. Moeller, M.P. (2000). Early intervention and language development in children who are deaf and hard of hearing. Pediatrics, 106(3), E43-E51.
241. Schirmer, B. (2000). Language and literacy development in children who are deaf. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
242. Stewart, D., & Kluwin, T. (2001). Teaching deaf and hard of hearing students: Content, strategies, and curriculum. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
243. Laurent Clerc National Deaf Education Center. (2006). Directory of national organizations of and for deaf and hard of hearing people. Available at: http://clerccenter.gallaudet.edu/InfoToGo/184.html.
244. National Association of State Directors of Special Education. (2006). Meeting the needs of students who are deaf or hard of hearing: Educational services guidelines. Alexandria, VA: Author.
245. Lupton, L. (1998). Fluency in American Sign Language. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 3(4), 320-328.
246. Bubb, S. (2005). Helping teachers develop. London: Paul Chapman.
247. Cain, M. (2001). Ten qualities of the renewed teacher. Phi Delta Kappan, 82(9), 702-705.
248. Gorard, S., & Selwyn, N. (2005). What makes a lifelong learner? Teachers College Record, 107(6), 1193-1216.
249. Longworth, N. (2003). Lifelong learning in action: Transforming education in the 21st century. Herndon, VA: Stylus.
250. National Association of the Deaf. (2007). How long does it take to learn sign language? Retrieved December 27, 2007, from http://www.nad.org/site/pp.asp?c=foINKQMBF&b=103785.
251. Kluwin, T. (1999). Coteaching deaf and hearing students: Research on social integration. American Annals of the Deaf, 144(4), 339-344.
252. Litchfield, S., & Lartz, M. (2002). Role analysis of teachers certified in teaching students who are deaf/hard of hearing who team-teach in co-enrollment classrooms. Teacher Education and Special Education, 25(2), 145-153.
253. Luetke-Stahlman, B., & Stryker, D. (1999). The teaming of general educators and teachers of the deaf: Part 2. Perspectives in Education and Deafness, 17(4), 6-7, 20.
254. Stryker, D., & Luetke-Stahlman, B. (1999). The teaming of general educators and teachers of the deaf: Part 1. Perspectives in Education and Deafness, 17(3), 10-12.
255. Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. (2005). Home page. Available at http://www.agbell.org.
256. American Society for Deaf Children. (2006). Home page. Available at: http://www.deafchildren.org.
257. Association of College Educators of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. (2008). Home page. Available at: http://www.acedhh.org.
258. Conference of Educational Administrators of Schools and Programs for the Deaf. (n.d.). Home page. Available at: http://www.ceasd.org.
259. Council for Exceptional Children. (2007). Home page. Available at: http://www.cec.sped.org.
260. Council for Exceptional Children, Division for Communicative Disabilities and Deafness. (n.d.). Home page. Available at http://education.gsu.edu/dcdd.
261. Council of American Instructors of the Deaf. (n.d.). Home page. Available at: http://www.caid.org.
262. Hands & Voices. (2005). Home page. Available at: http://www.handsandvoices.org.
263. Laurent Clerc National Deaf Education Center. (2006). Directory of national organizations of and for deaf and hard of hearing people. Available at: http://clerccenter.gallaudet.edu/InfoToGo/184.html.
264. Luckner, J.L. & Muir, S. (2001). Successful students who are deaf in general education settings. American Annals of the Deaf, 146(5), 450-461.
265. National Association of the Deaf. (n.d.). Home page. Available at: http://www.nad.org.
266. Bernstein, M., & Martin, J. (1992). Informing parents about educational options: How well are we doing? American Annals of the Deaf, 137(1), 31-39.
267. Eleweke, C.J., & Rodda, M. (2000). Factors contributing to parents' selection of a communication mode to use with their deaf children. American Annals of the Deaf, 145(4), 375-383.
268. Izzo, A. (1999, November). Parental attitudes toward public school education for deaf students and issues affecting placement choices. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Mid-South Educational Research Association, Point Clear, AL.
269. Kluwin, T., & Gaustad, M. (1991). Predicting family communication choices. American Annals of the Deaf, 136(1), 28-34.
270. Hegarty, S. (1993). Education of children with disabilities. In P. Mittler, R. Brouillette, & D. Harris (Eds.), Special needs education (pp. 16-28). London: Kogan Page.
271. McConachie, H.R. (1996). Families of disabled children. In S. S. Zaman, N. Z. Khan, & S. Islam (Eds.), From awareness to action: Ensuring health, education and rights for the disabled (pp. 9-16). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Bangladesh Protibondhi Foundation.
272. Wolfe, V. (2001). A look at rural families weighing educational options: Identifying the factors that influence parents as they make educational placement decisions for their children who are deaf- Sharing results. Retrieved August 28, 2007, from http://clerccenter.gallaudet.edu/Products/Sharing-Results/ALookAtRuralFamilies/section-3.pdf.